Encyclopedia

Alexander Dalrymple Alexander Dalrymple (July 24, 1737 – June 19, 1808) was a Scottish geographer and the first Hydrographer of the British Admiralty. He was the main proponent of the theory that there existed a vast undiscovered continent in the South Pacific, Terra Australis Incognita.
Alexander Dargomyzhsky Alexander Sergeyevich Dargomyzhsky () (February 14 1813–May 17 1869) was a 19th century Russian composer. He bridged the gap in Russian opera composition between Mikhail Glinka and the later generation of The Five and Tchaikovsky.
Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 The Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 (previously known as the TransBus Enviro 300) is a light-weight single-deck bus built by Alexander Dennis (previously by its predecessor TransBus International) in the UK since 2001. The design was introduced in order to fill a gap in the manufacturers product range and was the first bus to be built as an integral bus by the manufacturer.
Alexander Dennis Enviro 500 The Alexander Dennis Enviro 500 (previously known as the TransBus Enviro 500) is one of the Enviro-series bus models made by British manufacturer Alexander Dennis (formerly by TransBus). It is designed and built according to current European standards and the operating environment of Hong Kong.
Alexander Dennis Pointer The Alexander Dennis Pointer (previously known as the Reeve Burgess Pointer, Plaxton Pointer and TransBus Pointer) is a successful single-deck bus body manufactured during the 1990s by Plaxton but now built by Alexander Dennis.
Alexander Deuchar Alexander Deuchar born 1777, died 12th August 1844, was a seal engraver, and Lyon Herald at the Court of the Lord Lyon (the authority for heraldry in Scotland and revived the Templar tradition in Scotland in the early 19th Century in order to establish a new form of chivalry. The Deuchar family had been Jacobite but transferred their allegiance to the Hanoverian cause before 1745, when a prominent Jacobite, Lyon of Easter Ogil carried off the great sword of Deuchar, but it was recovered after the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and in the possession of Alexander when he started his revival of the Scottish Knights Templar.
Alexander Dewdney Alexander Keewatin Dewdney (born August 5 1941 in London, Ontario) is a Canadian mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher who has written a number of books on the future and implications of modern computing. He has also written one work of fiction, The Planiverse.
Alexander Deyneka Alexander Alexandrovich Deyneka (Russian: Александр Александрович Дейнека; May 20, 1899, Kursk - June 12, 1969, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist and sculptor. He studied at Kharkov Art College and at VKhUTEMAS.
Alexander Dickson Sir Alexander Dickson (1777-1840), British artillerist, entered the Royal Military Academy in 1793, passing out as second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in the following year. As a subaltern he saw service in Minorca in 1798 and at Malta in 1800.
Alexander Dityatin Alieksandr Nikolaievitch Ditjatin (Russian: Александр Николаевич Дитятин) (born August 07 1957 in Leningrad) is a Soviet gymnast, three-time Olympic Champion, Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. He competed for the Leningrad Dinamo sports society.
Alexander Dmitriev Alexander Dmitriev (born in Lenigrad, 1935) is a Russian conductor of orchestral and choral music and opera. He has been director of the Symphony Orchestra of the Karel Autonomous Republic, and Principal Conductor of the Maly Academic Opera House in Leningrad.
Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov Count Alexander Matveyevich Dmitriev-Mamonov (Russian: Александр Матвеевич Дмитриев-Мамонов, 30 September 1758 — 11 October 1803, buried in Donskoy Monastery) was a lover of Catherine II of Russia from 1786 to 1789.
Alexander Dodonov Alexander Mikhailovich Dodonov (Russian: Александр Михайлович Додонов, February 24, [OS 12] 1837, St Petersburg — February 1 [OS January 19], 1914, Moscow) was a Russian opera singer. Vocally, he is best described as a lyrical and dramatic tenor.
Alexander Dolgun Alexander Dolgun (September 29, 1926, the Bronx, New York - August 28, 1986, Potomac, Maryland) was a survivor of the Soviet Gulag who wrote up his experiences in 1975 after being allowed to leave the Soviet Union and return to his native United States.
Alexander Downer Alexander John Gosse Downer, MP (born 9 September 1951), Australian politician, became Foreign Minister of Australia in March 1996. He also served as the federal parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party from 1994-1995.
Alexander Drive, Perth Alexander Drive is a major north-south road in the northeastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, connecting Perth's central business district (CBD) with Edith Cowan University's Mount Lawley campus and the Malaga industrial area, as well as new development suburbs to Perth's northeast, and is amply served by Transperth bus routes, including the CityLink 886 and 889Northern 76 timetable, Transperth, effective 30 May 2004. Accessed 2007-01-23.
Alexander Dubček Alexander Dubček (November 27, 1921 – November 7, 1992) was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring). Later, after the overthrow of the Communist dictatorship, he was speaker of the federal Czechoslovak parliament and a prominent opponent of the Velvet Divorce.
Alexander Dubyago Alexander Dmitriyevich Dubyago (Александр Дмитриевич Дубяго in Russian) (December 5(18), 1903, Kazan - October 29, 1959, Kazan) was a Soviet astronomer and expert in theoretical astrophysics.
Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife Alexander William George Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, KG, KT, GCB, GCVO, PC (10 November 1849–12 January 1912), styled Viscount Macduff between 1857 and 1879 and The Earl Fife between 1879 and 1889, was a Scottish peer who married Princess Louise of Wales, the third child and eldest daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Queen Alexandra.
Alexander Dzasokhov Alexander Dzasokhov (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Дзасохов) was the former head of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. He was born April 3, 1934 in Vladikavkaz, graduated in 1957 from the North Caucasus Mining Metallurgical Institute and holds a doctorate in politics.
Alexander Esenin-Volpin Alexander Sergeyevich Esenin-Volpin (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Есенин-Вольпин; born on May 12, 1924) is a prominent Russian American mathematician. In the former Soviet Union, he was a notable dissident, political prisoner and poet.
Alexander Essebiensis Alexander Essebiensis (Latin, Alexander of Ashby, or of Esseby) was a celebrated English theologian and poet, who flourished about the year 1220. Scarcely anything is known of his history, except that he appears to have been prior of Canons Ashby, in Northamptonshire.
Alexander Fleck, 1st Baron Fleck Alexander Fleck, 1st Baron Fleck, KBE (11 November 1889 - 6 August 1968) was a British industrial chemist, born and educated in Glasgow. He attained a doctorate of science (DSc) from Glasgow University in the chemistry of radioactive substances.
Alexander Fleming BSRC Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" is a government-supported institution in Vari, Athens, Greece, which develops research programmes at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Current research interests involve the development and characterisation of mouse models of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies and inflammatory disorders, the study of molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis, the analysis of basic mechanisms of transcription and the characterization of molecular mechanisms that underlie behaviour and neuronal stem cell development.
Alexander Foote In World War II, Allan Alexander Foote was a radio operator for a Soviet espionage ring in Switzerland. Foote was originally from Yorkshire in England, and had spent some time in Spain working for the Republican side during the Civil War in the 30s.
Alexander Forbes Alexander Forbes was a 19th century Scottish merchant, explorer, and author. His book California: A History of Upper and Lower California, published in 1839, is perhaps the first full account in English of California.
Alexander French Alexander Niall French (born December 1, 1980, Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong cricketer who has played two one-day internationals and nine ICC Trophy matches for Hong Kong. French made his debut aged 16 at the 1997 ICC Trophy in Malaysia, and played four matches, scoring 22 runs with a highest score of 13 in the debut match against Italy.
Alexander Frey (politician) Alexander Frey (7 June 1877 Vehkalahti - 28 November 1945 Helsinki) was a Finnish senator, bankman and was in the Finnish delegation of Treaty of Tartu between Finland and Russia. He was in Finnish parliament in 1917.
Alexander Frick Dr. Alexander Frick (February 18, 1910 - October 31, 1991) was the Regierungschef (head of government) of Liechtenstein from September 3, 1945 until July 16, 1962, serving as a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party.
Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood, 1st Baron St Audries Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood, 1st Baron St Audries PC (26 September 1853 – 4 June 1917) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Sir Alexander Acland-Hood, 3rd Baronet and Isabel Palmer-Fuller-Acland.
Alexander G. Barry Alexander Grant Barry (August 23, 1892 - December 28, 1952) was a United States Senator from Oregon. Born in Astoria, he attended the public schools there and in Portland as well as the University of Washington at Seattle, the University of Oregon Law School, and Northwest College of Law (Portland).
Alexander G. Cattell Alexander Gilmore Cattell (February 12, 1816 – April 8, 1894) was a United States Senator from New Jersey. Born in Salem, New Jersey, he received an academic education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits in Salem until 1846.
Alexander Galich Aleksandr Galich (, October 19, 1918 – December 15, 1977), was a Russian poet, screenwriter, playwright, and singer-songwriter. Galich is a pen name, a sort of acronym of his last name, first name, and patronymic (Ginzburg Aleksandr Arkadievich).
Alexander Galt Regional High School Alexander Galt Regional High School (AGRHS), located in Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada, is an English language secondary school which opened in 1969. It provides english education to 1025 Secondary 1 - 5 students in the southeastern region of the Eastern Townships.
Alexander Garden (naturalist) Dr Alexander Garden (1730 – 1791) is most famous as a botanist whose name lives on in the gardenia flower, though he was also a physician and zoologist. Born and educated in Scotland, he lived for many years in South Carolina, using his spare time to study plants and living creatures, and sending specimens to the famous naturalist, Carolus Linnaeus.
Alexander Garden (soldier) Alexander Garden (1757 - 1829) was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on December 4, 1757, son of the naturalist Dr Alexander Garden and his wife, Elizabeth. He went to Westminster School in London and got his MA degree at the University of Glasgow in Scotland in 1779.
Alexander Garvin Alexander Garvin is a noted American urban planner, educator, and author. He is currently in private practice at Alexander Garvin & Associates in New York City and also an adjunct professor at Yale's School of Architecture.
Alexander Gemignani Alexander Gemignani (July 3, 1979) is a Broadway performer and former UPS store employee. Alexander was raised in Tenafly, New Jersey and is a graduate of the University of Michigan's Musical Theater Department.
Alexander George Ogston Alexander George Ogston (30 Jan 1911 – 29 Jun 1996) was a biochemist who specialised in the thermodynamics of biological systems. He was particularly interested in connective tissue and the use of physico-chemical methods to study the size, weight and structure of molecules.
Alexander Gerard Alexander Gerard (February 22, 1728 - February 22, 1795), philosophical writer, son of Rev. Gilbert Gerard, was educated at Aberdeen, where he became Professor, first of Natural Philosophy, and afterwards of Divinity, and one of the ministers of the city.
Alexander Gerunov Alexander Evgenevich Gerunov (born on December 10, 1979), is a Russian Karateka who have won the World Championships(2004), European Championships(2004) and World Games(2005). He is also an instructor of the School of Combat Skills " Soyuz " (Togliatti, Russia).
Alexander Gode Alexander Gottfried Friedrich Gode-von-Aesch or simply Alexander Gode (October 30, 1906 in Bremen - August 10, 1970 in Mount Kisco, New York) was a German-American linguist, translator and the driving force behind the creation of the auxiliary language Interlingua.
Alexander Godley General Sir Alexander Godley KCB, KCMG (1867-1957) was a First World War General, best known for his role as commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force and British XXII Corps, although he was also Commander of the New Zealand Defence Force, and had been in 1910, when he was appointed on the advice of Lord Kitchener. During the Galipoli Campaign he commanded the New Zealand and Australian Division.
Alexander Godunov Aleksandr Borisovich Godunov (Russian: Александр Борисович Годунов, 28 November, 1949, Sakhalin, USSR — 18 May, 1995, Los Angeles, California) was a Russian ballet dancer and actor, whose defection caused a diplomatic incident between the USA and the USSR.
Alexander Goldfarb (microbiologist) Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Jewish-Russian microbiologist and activist. After studying Microbiology at Columbia University in the 1970s, he became known in the 1980s for his work helping refuseniks to defect from the USSR.
Alexander Gradsky Alexander Gradsky (Russian: Александр Градский) is a Russian bard and composer, and has sometimes been called the Soviet Union's most popular recording artist. He is known to have a three-and-a-half octave range, and has performed with John Denver on the song "Let Us Begin...
Alexander Graf Lambsdorff Alexander Graf Lambsdorff (born on 5 November 1966 in Köln) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Free Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.
Alexander Graham Bell Public School Alexander Graham Bell Public School (AGBPS, AGB, AGBell) is a public school located in Ajax, Ontario, Canada. The school, named after the scientist and inventor Alexander Graham Bell, first opened on February 18, 1999.
Alexander Grand Alexander Grand is an actor who appeared in a number of Hong Kong martial arts films throughout the 1970s and 1980s. According to IMDB, his first roles were as an extra in Bruce Lee's Fist of Fury, as well as The Unicorn Fist, for which Lee choreographed the martial arts fight scenes.
Alexander Grant Alexander Grant (20 May 1734 – 8 May 1813) was a British Army officer, businessman and politician in Upper Canada. Born in Glenmoriston, Scotland, Grant entered the Royal Navy in 1755 and saw service in North America on Lake Champlain.
Alexander Grant Dallas Alexander Grant Dallas (25 July 1816 – 3 January 1882) was both Chief Factor of the west-of-the-Rockies portion of the Hudson's Bay Company and the Governor of Rupert's Land. He married Jane Douglas, a daughter of the Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island, James Douglas, on 9 March, 1858.
Alexander Griggs Alexander Griggs (1838-1903) was an American steamboat captain and the founder of the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. He first traveled to the confluence of the Red River of the North and the Red Lake River (the site of present-day Grand Forks) in 1870 using flatboats to carry cargo downstream on the Red River of the North.
Alexander Grin Alexander Grin (, born August 23, 1880, died July 7, 1932) was a Russian writer, notable for his romantic novels and short stories, mostly set in an unnamed fantasy land with a European or Latin American flavor (Grin's fans often refer to this land as Grinlandia). Most of his writings deal with sea, adventures, and love.
Alexander Gromov Alexandr Nikolaevich Gromov (Алексáндр Николáевич Грóмов) is a prominent Russian science fiction writer, who began writing in 1986 and was first published in the early 1990s. His work is influenced by that of Strugatsky brothers'.
Alexander Grothendieck Alexander Grothendieck (born March 28, 1928 in Berlin, Germany) is one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century. He is also one of its most extreme scientific personalities, with achievements over a short span of years that are still astounding in their broad scope and sheer bulk, and a lifestyle later in his career that alienated even close followers.
Alexander Guagnini Alexander Guagnini or Alessandro Guagnini (1538 in Verona – 1614 in Crakow), was a medieval Italian chronicler from Verona. He served in the Lithuanian military in Vitsebsk (which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania).
Alexander H. Jones Alexander Hamilton Jones (1822 - 1901) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina; born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, July 21, 1822; completed preparatory studies; engaged in mercantile pursuits; enlisted in the Union Army in 1863; was captured in east Tennessee while raising a regiment of Union Volunteers and imprisoned; made his escape November 14, 1864; again joined the Union forces in Cumberland, Md.; after the war returned to North Carolina; member of the State convention in 1865; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress but was not permitted to qualify; upon the readmission of North Carolina to representation was elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses and served from July 6, 1868, to March 3, 1871; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; resided in Washington, D.
Alexander Hacke Alexander Hacke (also known as Alexander von Borsig, Alex Hacke, Hacke, born October 11, 1965 in Berlin/Neukölln) is a guitarist, bass-guitar player, singer, experimental / industrial / electronic musician from Germany.
Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 — July 12, 1804) was an American politician, leading statesman, financier, intellectual, military officer, and the main founder and leader of the Federalist party. One of America's foremost constitutional lawyers, he was an influential delegate to the U.
Alexander Hamilton (sailor) Alexander Hamilton was an 18th century Scottish sea captain, privateer and merchant. Very little is known about his life - even the dates of his birth and death are unknown - and the only extant source of information on him is his own account of his travels, first published in 1727 under the title A New Account of the East Indies: Being the Observations and Remarks of Capt.
Alexander Hamilton Bridge The Alexander Hamilton Bridge carries eight lanes of traffic over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95. The bridge opened to traffic on January 15, 1963, the same day that the Cross-Bronx Expressway was completed.
Alexander Hamilton High School (Los Angeles, California) Alexander Hamilton High School, commonly referred to as Hamilton High or Hami, is a public high school in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Hamilton High, similar in style to UCSD or Cambridge University, is sub-divided into seven "small learning communities (SLCs).
Alexander Hamilton High School Academy of Music Alexander Hamilton High School Academy of Music is a magnet school on the Westside of Los Angeles, California. The Music Academy gained national attention in June 2002 when the Disney Channel premiered the reality TV show Totally in Tune which chronicled members of the Academy's Symphony Orchestra as they struggled to cope with the demands of being a student, a musician, and a teenager in and out of the concert hall.
Alexander Hamilton Historical Society The Alexander Hamilton Historical Society (AHHS) was founded in 2003 as a non-profit organization with the mission of reinvigorating public interest in the life, legacy, and philosophy of Alexander Hamilton through educational, publicity, and preservation projects.
Alexander Hamilton House The Alexander Hamilton House at 45 East Main Street in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania is now the site of the Alexander Hamilton Memorial Free Library. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1980.
Alexander Hanson (actor) Alexander Hanson is a British stage actor who is currently starring in the high-profile West End revival of The Sound of Music as Captain Georg Von Trapp. He was brought in to replace Simon Shepherd, who bowed out of the show during previews.
Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst KCB GCVO MC PC (17 May 1894–29 May 1960) was Private Secretary to the Sovereign during the Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII and during most of the Second World War.
Alexander Harkavy Alexander Harkavy (Александр Гаркави Aleksandr Garkavi, May 5, 1863, born at Nowogrudok, Minsk guberniya (governate), Russia (now Navahrudak, Hrodna, Belarus) - 1939, New York) was a Russian-American writer, lexicographer and linguist.
Alexander Helios Alexander Helios (Greek: ο Αλέξανδρος Ήλιος, 25 December 40 BC - Between 29 BC - 25 BC) was a Ptolemaic Prince and was the eldest son to Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. His younger twin was Ptolemaic Princess Cleopatra Selene.
Alexander Henderson Award The Alexander Henderson Award is presented to the student at the Tepper School of Business (fmr. the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (GSIA)) at Carnegie Mellon University who displays the best work in the field of economic theory.
Alexander Henry Buckley Alexander Henry Buckley (c.1891 – 2 September 1918) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday and Alexis Heinrich Haliday (1807–1870), was an Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera and Thysanoptera, but Haliday worked on all insect orders and on many aspects of entomology.
Alexander Herr Alexander Herr (born October 4, 1978) is a German ski jumper who have competed since 1993 . He won a two medals at the 2001 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti with a gold in the team large hill and a bronze in the team normal hill events.
Alexander Herzen Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен) ( in Moscow - in Paris) was a major Russian pro-Western writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism". He is held responsible for creating a political climate leading to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
Alexander Hislop Alexander Hislop (Born at Duns, Berwickshire, 1807; died Arbroath, 13 March,1865) was a Free Church of Scotland minister famous for his outspoken criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the son of Stephen Hislop (died 1837), a mason by occupation and an elder of the Relief Church.
Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport, KB (December 2, 1726 – May 2, 1814) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, and the brother of Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood.
Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie Alexander Gore Arkwright Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, VC, GCMG, CB, DSO, PC (6 July 1872 – 2 May 1955), tenth Governor-General of Australia, was born in Windsor, Berkshire, the second son of the 8th Lord Ruthven of Freeland. Hore-Ruthven (pronounced Hore-Riven) was educated at Eton College, but was withdrawn from the school due to poor eyesight.
Alexander Hugh Chisholm Alexander Hugh Chisholm (1890-1977) was a noted Australian journalist, newspaper editor, author and amateur ornithologist. He was a member of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU), President of the RAOU 1939-1940, and Editor of its journal the Emu (journal) Emu 1926-1928.
Alexander Chancellor Alexander Chancellor (born January 1940) is a British journalist. He was the editor of the conservative Spectator magazine from 1975 to 1984 and now contributes a weekly column in The Guardian, published in the "Weekend" supplement each Saturday.
Alexander Chavchavadze Prince Alexander Chavchavadze (, Alek'sandre Ch'avch'avadze; , Aleksandr Garsevanovich Chavchavadze) (1786 – November 6, 1846) was a notable Georgian poet, public benefactor and military figure. Regarded as the "father of Georgian romanticism," he was also known as a preeminent aristocrat of Georgia and a talented general in the Imperial Russian service.
Alexander Chernogorov Alexander Leonidovich Chernogorov (born July 13, 1959 in Vozdvizhenka, Stavropol Krai, Russia) is the governor of Stavropol Krai in the southern European part of Russia. As candidate for the Communists he defeated his predecessor Petr Marchenko in 1996, and was re-elected governor in 2000.
Alexander Chernyshov Aleksandr Alekseyevich Chernyshov (; 21 August 1882–28 April 1940) was an electrical engineer. He was a graduate of Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute in 1907, where he remained until the end of his life.
Alexander Chislenko Alexander "Sasha" Chislenko (December 2, 1959 – May 8, 2000) was an active member of the transhumanist and extropian communities, contributing many speculative essays on singularity-inspired topics between 1997 and 1999.
Alexander Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897-1964) was an interdisciplinary scientist variously described as physiologist, biophysicist and cycles researcher. He was the son of a Russian general and spent his early years in Kaluga where his memorial museum is housed.
Alexander I of Georgia Alexander I, “the Great” (, Aleksandre I Didi) (1386 – 1446), of the Bagrationi house, was king of Georgia from 1412 to 1442. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur Leng’s invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation.
Alexander I of Russia Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland.
Alexander I of Scotland Alexander I of Scotland or Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim (modern: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim) (c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), called "The Fierce", king of Scots, was the fourth son of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada by his wife Margaret, grand-niece of Edward the Confessor.
Alexander I of Yugoslavia King Alexander I of Yugoslavia also called King Alexander Unificator (Serbian Краљ Александар I Карађорђевић, Latin: Kralj Aleksandar I Karađorđević) (Cetinje, Montenegro, 16 December 1888 – Marseille, France, 9 October 1934) of the Royal House of Karađorđević was the first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–34) and before that king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–29).
Alexander II of Russia Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born April 17, 1818 in Moscow; died March 13, 1881 in St. Petersburg) was the Tsar (Emperor) of Russia from March 2 1855 until his assassination in 1881.
Alexander II of Scotland Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), King of Scots, was the son of William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont. He was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214, being crowned at Scone on December 6 of that year.
Alexander II Zabinas Alexander II Zabinas (Greek ), ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom, was a counter-king who emerged in the chaos following the Seleucidian loss of Mesopotamia to the Parthians. Zabinas was a false Seleucid who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII, but in fact seems to have been the son of an Egyptian merchant; he was used as a pawn by the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII Tryphon.
Alexander III of Scotland Alexander III (4 September, 1241 – 19 March, 1286), King of Scots, was born at Roxburgh, the only son of Alexander II by his second wife Marie de Coucy. Alexander's father died on 6 July 1249 and he became king at the age of eight, inaugurated at Scone on 13 July, 1249.
Alexander Ilyin Alexander Ilyin is a Russian engineer turned mathematician, who according to some press-reports found a simpler proof of Fermat's last theorem than Andrew Wiles. He even presented his 'proof' on direct TV translation.
Alexander Ireland Alexander Ireland (February 2 1901 – January 1966) was a British welterweight professional boxer who competed in the early 1920s. He won a silver medal in Boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics, losing to Canadian boxer Bert Schneider in the final.
Alexander Island Alexander Island or Alexander I Island or Alexander I Land or Alexander Land or Alexander The First Island or Isla Alejandro I is a large island with an area of 43,250 km² lying in the Bellingshausen Sea west of the base of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. Alexander Island lies off the coast of Antarctica and is linked to it by an ice shelf.
Alexander Izvolski Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky (Russian Александр Петрович Извольский) (1856 – 1919) was a Russian diplomat. Following stints as Russia's ambassador in Belgrade, Munich, Tokyo (from 1899), and Copenhagen (from 1903), he served as foreign minister of Russia between 1906 and 1910 and then as Russian ambassador to France.
Alexander J. Foley Sgt. Alexander Joseph Foley (February 19, 1866-January 14, 1910) born in Heckscherville, Pennsylvania, was a member of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the United States' highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for having distinguished himself during the Boxer Rebellion.
Alexander Jagiellon Alexander Jagiellon (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellończyk; Lithuanian: Aleksandras; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was the fourth son of Kazimierz IV Jagiellon. He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father
Alexander Jannaeus Alexander Jannaeus (also known as Alexander Jannai/Yannai), king of Judea from (103 BCE to 76 BCE), son of John Hyrcanus, inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus, and appears to have married his brother's widow, Shlamtzion or Shlomtzion or "Shelomit", also known as Salome Alexandra, according to the Biblical law of Yibum ("levirate marriage"), although Josephus is inexplicit on that point.
Alexander John Cuza Alexander John Cuza (common English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian-born Romanian politician who ruled as the first Domnitor of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and 1866.

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