Encyclopedia

Abba bar Abba (father of Samuel) Abba bar Abba (father of Samuel) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, distinguished for piety, benevolence, and learning. He is known chiefly through his son Mar Samuel, principal of the Academy of Nehardea, and is nearly always referred to as "Samuel's father.
Abba bar Zabdai Abba (Ba) bar Zabdai (Hebrew: אבא בר זבדי) was a Palestinian amora who flourished in the 3rd century. He studied in Babylonia, attending the lectures of Rab and Rav Huna, and subsequently settled at Tiberias, where he occupied a respected position by the side of Rav Ammi and Assi.
Abba Kovner Abba Kovner (1918-1987) was a Lithuanian Jewish Hebrew poet, writer, and partisan leader. He was a cousin of the Israeli Communist Party leader Meir Vilner was born in the Crimea]n [[Black Sea port city of Sevastopol but soon moved with his family to Vilnius, Lithuania, where he grew up and was educated at the secondary Hebrew academy of Vilna and school of the arts.
Abba Siddick Abba Siddick is a Muslim Chadian politician and revolutionary born in what was the Oubangui-Chari French colony (today Central African Republic). In passing in Chad (also a French colony then), he entered in active politics in the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), a nationalist and radical African political party founded in 1947 and led by Gabriel Lisette.
Abba the Surgeon Abba the Surgeon is a figure mentioned in the Talmud as an example of genuine Jewish piety and benevolence (Ta'anit, 21b et seq.) Although dependent upon his earnings, he was so unselfish and considerate that, in order to avoid embarrassing the poor among his patients, he would never accept pay directly from any one, but instead attached to a certain part of his house a box in which each might place what he pleased.
Abbadid The Abbadids comprised a Muslim dynasty which arose in Al-Andalus on the downfall of the Caliphate of Cordoba (756–1031). Abbadid rule lasted from about 1023 until 1091, but during the short period of its existence it exhibited singular energy and typified its time.
Abbakar Adam Ismail 'Abbakar Adam Ismail' (1965- ), Sudanese writer, novelist also poet, was born in Labdda village, close to El-dlennj town in Nuba Mountains region, graduated from Khartoum University, Faculty of Dentistry in 1993, currently he lives in Canada.
Abban of New Ross Saint Abban of New Ross, also known as Saint Ewin, Abhan, or Evin, but whose name has been locally corrupted as "Stephen," "Neville," and "Nevin," was the contemporary and namesake of Saint Abban of Magheranoidhe.
Abbas (photographer) Abbas (born 1944) is an Iranian photographer known for his photojournalism in Biafra and Vietnam in the 1970s, and for his photos of Christian and Islamic subjects in later years. He is a member of Magnum Photos.
Abbas Ali Khan Brigadier Abbas Ali Khan (Urdu: عباس علی خان) (born January 11 1952), also known as Major General Rehmat Ali Shah Bokhari was born in Sahiwal, Pakistan. He attended various schools and graduated from the Government College of Sahiwal in Pakistan's Punjab Province.
Abbas Amir-Entezam Abbas Amir-Entezam(in Persian: عباس امیر انتظام) was the spokesman and the secretary of the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979. In 1981, when he was ambassador of Islamic Republic of Iran in Scandinavian countries, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, asked him to come back quickly to Tehran via an encrypted message.
Abbas Benedictus Abbas Benedictus (d. 1194), abbot of Peterborough, whose name is accidentally connected with the Gesta Henrici Regis Secundi and Gesta Regis Ricardi, among the most valuable of English 12th century chronicles, which are now attributed to Roger of Howden.
Abbas Combe Abbas Combe was the former name for part of the rural village in south Somerset now generally known as Templecombe, England, situated on the A357 road beside Templecombe, seven miles south west of Gillingham. As of 2002 the parish of Abbas and Templecombe had a population of 1,510.
Abbas Hall Abbas Hall is a small country house in Great Cornard, a village located near the town of Sudbury, Suffolk in England, the Elizabethan exterior of which masks a medieval two-bay aisled hall of c.1290, from which two massive oak posts with moulded capitals and two arches of the screens passage survive.
Abbas Kiarostami Abbas Kiarostami (, born June 22, 1940 in Tehran), is one of the most influential and controversial post-revolutionary Iranian filmmakers and one of the most highly celebrated directors in the international film community of the last few decades. During the period of the 1980s and the 1990s, his cinema introduced a humane and artistic face.
Abbas Milani Abbas Malek-Z Milani (born 1949) is an Iranian-American historian, Iranologist, and author. Milani is a Visiting Professor of Political Science and the Director of the Iranian Studies Program at Stanford University.
Abbas Mirakhor Abbas Mirakhor is an International Monetary Fund Executive Director representing the Iranian government at the IMF. Abbas Mirakhor has served as an economist in the Research Department of the IMF and was formerly Professor of Economics at the Florida Institute of Technology.
Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا in Persian) ‎(August 26, 1789 - October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince of Persia. He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia and the Ottoman Empire, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his untimely death before his father, Fath Ali Shah.
Abbas Suan Abbas Suan (sometimes spelled Suwan or Swan) (Arabic: عباس صوان, Hebrew: עבאס סואן), (born January 27, 1976) is an Arab Israeli footballer born in the Galilee. He became a national hero for the 90th-minute goal that gave Israel a tie against Ireland in a 2006 World Cup qualifying match.
Abbas Uddin Abbas Uddin Ahmed (Bangla: আব্বাসউদ্দিন) (27 October 1901-30 December 1959), popularly known by his first name, was a Bangla folk singer. He was born at Balarampur in Tufanganj subdivision in the district of Cooch Bihar.
Abbasgulu Bakikhanov Abbasgulu Bakikhanov (Azeri: Abbasqulu Bakıxanov) (21 June, 1794, Amirjan—January 1847, Wadi Fatima), also known as Gudsi (Azeri: Qüdsi), was an Azerbaijani writer, historian, journalist, linguist, poet and philosopher; descendant of the ruling dynasty of the Baku Khanate, nephew of the last khan of Baku. He was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army since 1820 and participated in the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828.
Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Abbasi Shaheed Hospital is located in Nazimabad, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. This public hospital was constructed in the early 1970s and serves the residents of northern part of the city (Nazimabad, North Nazimabad, North Karachi, F.
Abbasid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, Abbāsīyūn) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. It descended from Prophet Muhammad's youngest uncles, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
Abbaye-aux-Hommes The Abbaye-aux-Hommes ("Men's Abbey") is the current town hall of the French city of Caen. Dedicated to Saint Stephen, it is considered, together with the neighbouring Sainte Trinité in Caen as one of the most notable Romanesque buildings in Normandy.
Abbé Aubert Jean-Louis Aubert (1731 - 1814), called the Abbé Aubert, was a French dramatist, poet and journalist, son of the violinist and composer Jacques Aubert (1686-1753). Aubert was educated at the Collège de Navarre and entered the order.
Abbé Faria Abbé Faria, or Abbé (Abbot) José Custódio de Faria, (Goa, 1746 - Paris, 1819) was a colourful Indo-Portuguese monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Anton Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism",The use of the (conventional) English term animal magnetism to translate Mesmer's magnétism animal is extremely misleading for three reasons:
Abbé Pierre L'Abbé Pierre (born Henri Antoine Grouès) (Lyon, 5 August 1912 - Paris, 22 January 2007) was a French Catholic priest known for founding the Emmaüs movement, which has the goal of helping poor and homeless people and refugees. Abbé means abbot in French and is also used as a courtesy title given to Catholic priests.
Abbe (crater) Abbe is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It is located just to the south of the Hess crater, and lies to the east of the large Poincaré walled-basin.
Abbe number In physics and optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is a measure of the material's dispersion (variation of refractive index with wavelength). It is named for Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the German physicist who defined it.
Abbe refractometer An Abbe or laboratory refractometer is a bench-top refractometer that offer the highest precision of the different types of refractometers. Nearly a century and a half after their introduction, refractometers have come a long way in terms of usefulness, though their principle of operation has changed very little.
Abbe sine condition The Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis objects. It was formulated by Ernst Abbe in the context of microscopes.
Abberton Hall Abberton Hall is a small country house in Worcestershire, England. It is an irregular two-storey house, faced with modern brick, with at its core the timber-framed house of the Sheldon family, with a brick facade and a massive stone chimneybreast (dated 1619).
Abbess Grange Abbess Grange is a neo-Elizabethan house at Leckford, Hampshire in the UK designed by Sir Banister Fletcher, a British architect, in 1901 for George Miles Bailey, on the site of a former grange of St. Mary’s Abbey, Winchester.
Abbeville County School District Abbeville County School District (ACSD)is a school district serving Abbeville County, South Carolina, South Carolina. As of 2006 it serves some 3,700 students in all Schools include Abbeville High School], [[Dixie High School (South Carolina)|Dixie High School, and Calhoun Falls High School.
Abbeville, Tipperary Abbeville is a small country house in a relict parkland setting in the parish of Lorrha in County Tipperary in Ireland. It is a three-bay, three-storey house with one-storey flanking wing walls to either side, built c.
Abbevillian Abbevillian is a currently obsolescent name for a tool tradition that is increasingly coming to be called Olduwan. The original artifacts were collected from road construction sites on the Somme river near Abbeville by a French customs officer, Boucher de Perthes.
Abbey An abbey (from the Latin abbatia, which is derived from the Syriac abba, "father"), is a Christian monastery or convent, under the government of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community.
Abbey (bank) Abbey National plc (trading as Abbey) is the United Kingdom's sixth biggest bank, and Europe's second largest mortgage lender, after Halifax (part of the HBOS Group). Abbey was previously known as Abbey National, changing its name in 2003 in a rebranding effort.
Abbey Aid Abbey Aid was an open-air pop concert held at the Abbey Stadium, Cambridge, England in May 2006. It was the first of its kind in Cambridge, targeting pop fans as opposed to the more established Cambridge Folk Festival which targets a substantially different audience.
Abbey House Gardens Abbey House Gardens is a country house garden in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, England, covering 5 acres. Privately owned, the gardens—but not the house itself—is open to the public seven days a week from late March until late October.
Abbey House, Barrow-in-Furness Abbey House, Barrow-in-Furness in the modern county of Cumbria, formerly Lancashire, is a Neo-Elizabethan H-plan mansion built by Sir Edwin Lutyens in 1913-14 as a guest house for Vickers Ltd and a flat for the Managing Director, Sir James McKechnie. In its abstracted, military echo of the Tudor style, it prefigures the style of Lutyens' Castle Drogo.
Abbey House, Cirencester Abbey House, Cirencester was a country house that developed on the site of the former Cirencester Abbey following the dissolution and demolition of the abbey at the Reformation in the 1530s. A dwelling was probably initially made by converting parts of the conventual buildings, but this was replaced in the early C17 by a square house, probably built for Sir William Master MP.
Abbey church in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą Abbey church in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą was built in 12th century. Despite gothic and baroque elements added in later centuries, the basilica remains to be one of the most valuable example of the Romanesque architecture in Poland.
Abbey Christian Brothers Grammar School The Abbey Christian Brothers Grammar School is an English-medium grammar school located in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a Roman Catholic, voluntary, day school for boys aged 11 to 18, with 875 pupils.
Abbey Lawn The Abbey Lawn in Bourne, Lincolnshire is a grassy space near the town centre in which the town's cricket, tennis, bowls, pétanque, hockey and association football clubs have their grounds. It also houses the open air swimming pool and its associated facilities.
Abbey Leader (Redwall) In the Redwall universe created by author Brian Jacques, Redwall Abbey is ruled by an Abbot or Abbess, usually a mouse but in later novels could also be a squirrel, otter, or hedgehog. These are all the Abbots and Abbesses who have played a part or have been mentioned in the 18 (so far) Redwall books.
Abbey Lincoln Abbey Lincoln (born Anna Marie Wooldridge on August 6, 1930 in Chicago, Illinois) is a jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress, who is widely respected for her writing skills. She is one of many singers influenced by Billie Holiday.
Abbey Mills Pumping Stations The original Abbey Mills Pumping Station, in Abbey Lane, London E15, is a sewerage pumping station, designed by Joseph Bazalgette and Edmund Cooper, built between 1865 and 1868. It was designed in a cruciform plan, with an elaborate Byzantine style, described as The Cathedral of Sewage.
Abbey of Farfa Farfa Abbey, a territorial abbey, is one of the most famous abbeys of Italy and Europe. It belongs to the Benedictine Order and is located in the Lazio region of central Italy, about 26 miles from Rome, in the commune of Fara Sabina, not far from the Farfa Sabina Railway station.
Abbey of Kells The Abbey of Kells is a former monastery located on Kells, County Meath 40 miles north of Dublin. It was founded in the early ninth century AD and the Book of Kells was kept there during the later medieval period and the early modern period finally leaving the Abbey in the 1650s.
Abbey of Our Lady of Mount Zion The Abbey of Our Lady of Mount Zion, often referred to by modern authors as the Abbey of Sion or Order of Sion, was a small Mediaeval monastic order which, according to a papal bull of the 12th century, had abbeys on Mount Zion in Jerusalem, on Mount Carmel, in Southern Italy (Calabria), and in France.
Abbey of Saint-Remi The Abbey of Saint-Remi is an abbey in Reims, France, founded in around AD 1000. It contains the relics of Saint Remi, a Bishop of Reims who converted Clovis, King of the Franks, to Christianity at Christmas in AD 496, after he defeated the Alamanni in the Battle of Tolbiac.
Abbey of Saints Vincent and Anastasius The Abbey of Saints Vincent and Anastasius (in Latin Abbatia trium fontiuam ad Aquas Salias, or for short Tre Fontane, 'Three Fountains') is a Roman Catholic abbey located near Rome which passed repeatedly to another order.
Abbey of Sassenage The Abbey of Sassenage was situated in the Vercors Massif district of the RhĂ´ne-Alpes, the Abbey was most notable for the Bleu du Vercors-Sassenage cheese originally made by its monks. The distinctive mild blue cheese was first produced by the monks but the recipe quickly spread into the adjacent villages.
Abbey of the Genesee The Abbey of the Genesee is a community of contemplative monks located near Piffard in the town of York, New York. They are a member of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance, commonly known as the Trappists.
Abbey of the Saviour The Abbey of the Saviour (Italian: Abbadia San Salvatore) is an abbey in the Tuscan town of Abbadia San Salvatore which is named after the Abbey. The traditional account of its origin indicates that the Lombard king Ratchis founded the Abbey in AD 743.
Abbey of Thélème The Abbey of Thélème is a metaphorical society found in the fantasy Gargantua and Pantagruel written by François Rabelais, in the sixteenth century. This idea is one of the principal sources of the Thelema concept.
Abbey of Trois-Fontaines The Abbey of Sainte Marie des Trois-Fontaines, (Trois-Fontaines, Marne, France), a Cistercian abbey in Champagne, was the first of the Cistercian daughter-houses, established north of the head of navigation of the Marne at Saint-Dizier by Bernard of Clairvaux in 1121, though it never figured among the "Elder Daughters" of Cîteaux—Clairvaux, Pontigny, La Ferté and Morimond— that dominated the hierarchic network of the Order.
Abbey Park, Nottinghamshire Abbey Park in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire is a housing estate that was constructed in the mid– to late–70s by Costain Homes on land that were previously uncultivated fields and allotments. The Willow Tree pub was constructed at the same time.
Abbey Road DLR station Abbey Road DLR station, by 2010, will become a new Docklands Light Railway station in Newham, East London. It is part of the extension of the Docklands Light Railway over part of the North London Line between Stratford and Woolwich.
Abbey Road Studios Abbey Road Studios, created in November of 1931 by EMI in London, England is best known as the recording studio used by the rock artists: The Beatles, Cliff Richard, Al Stewart, Pink Floyd and The Shadows. The studios are located in Abbey Road, in St John's Wood in the City of Westminster.
Abbey Theatre The Abbey Theatre, also known as the National Theatre of Ireland, is located in Dublin, Ireland. The Abbey first opened its doors to the public on 27 December, 1904 and, despite losing its original building to a fire in 1951, it has continued to stage performances more or less continuously to the present day.
Abbey Vale F.C. Abbey Vale Football Club are a football (soccer) club based in the town of New Abbey in the Dumfries and Galloway area of Scotland. Formed in 1974 they presently compete in the South of Scotland Football League which they joined in 2001.
Abbey Village Reservoir The reservoir north of Abbey Village on the River Roddlesworth - name unknown - is the latest addition to the reservoirs around this small Lancashire village, designed to increase water storage capacity in wet years.
Abbey Wood Abbey Wood is an area on the eastern edge of the London Borough of Greenwich, between Plumstead to the west and Erith to the east, Abbey Wood takes its name from the nearby Lesnes Abbey and Bostall Woods. * A legal company is named after the woods.
Abbeydale Abbeydale is the name given to the segment of the City of Sheffield, England that follows the valley of the river Sheaf. It covers many districts of Sheffield running roughly from Heeley Bridge in the district of Heeley to Dore Road between Beauchief and Totley.
Abbeydale Designers Abbeydale Designers Ltd was a Reading-based software company set up by Dave Farmborough and Dimitri Koveos in 1984. The company was inspired by the success and popularity of the Sinclair Spectrum and the Atari ST and developed a range of software and hardware products for them:
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet is an industrial museum in the south of the City of Sheffield, England. The museum is a former steel-working site on the River Sheaf, with a history going back to at least the 13th century.
Abbeydale Picture House Abbeydale Picture House (later Abbeydale Cinema) is a former cinema in the City of Sheffield, England. When opened by the Lord Mayor of Sheffield on 20 December 1920 the picture house was the largest and most luxurious cinema in Sheffield.
Abbeydorney Abbeydorney (Mainistir Ă“ dTorna in Irish) is a village in County Kerry in the Republic of Ireland. The name, meaning Monastery of the clan of Torna, refers to the Cistercian Abbey of Kyrie Eleison which was established in 1154 and lies just north of the village.
Abbeyfeale Abbeyfeale (Mainistir na FĂ©ile in Irish) is a historical market town in County Limerick, Republic of Ireland near the boundary with County Kerry. The town is in the midwest of Ireland, some 21 km (13 miles) from Newcastle West on the N21 - the main road from Limerick to Tralee.
Abbeylara Abbeylara (Mainistir Leathratha in Irish) is a village in the easternmost portion of County Longford, Republic of Ireland, located about three kilometers east of Granard. Its name, Mainistir Leathratha, means "Abbey of the half rath or little rath", and is derived from a monastery, the great Abby of Lerha, founded in 1205 by Hiberno-Norman magnate, Risteárd de Tiúit, for Cistercian monks.
Abbeymead Abbeymead is a modern, affluent and popular suburb of the city of Gloucester in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It lies approximately 3 miles south-east of the city centre, and is bounded by the suburbs of Abbeydale to the west and south west, Coney Hill to the north west, Barnwood and Hucclecote to the north and north east, and the M5 motorway to the east.
Abbia: Cameroon Cultural Review Abbia: Cameroon Cultural Review / Revue Culturelle Camerounaise is an academic journal devoted to the culture of Cameroon and to the promotion of bilingualism in the country. It was founded by Bernard Fonlon in 1963.
Abbie Burgess Abbie Burgess (later Grant) (1839-1892) was an American lighthouse keeper known for her bravery in tending the Matinicus Rock Light, in Maine, during a raging winter storm in 1856. She tended the light for nearly a month while her father, the head keeper, was away from the island.
Abbie Hoffman Abbott Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was a social and political activist in the United States, co-founder of the Youth International Party ("Yippies"), and later, a fugitive from the law, who lived under an alias following a conviction for dealing cocaine.
Abbo Cernuus Abbo Cernuus ("The crooked") was a French Benedictine monk of Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, sometimes called Abbo Parisiensis. He was born about the middle of the ninth century, was present at the siege of Paris by the Normans (885-86), and wrote a description of it in Latin verse, with an account of subsequent events to 896, "De bellis Parisiacae urbis.
Abbo of Fleury Abbo of Fleury (in Latin Abbo Floriacensis), also known as Abbon or Saint Abbo' (c. 945~950 to - 13 November,1004) was a monk, and later abbot, of the Benedictine monastery of Fleury sur Loire (the modern Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire) near Orléans, France.
Abbot (Artemis Fowl) Leon Abott is one of the main antagonists in Artemis Fowl: The Lost Colony. He is a demon who was against the time-spell at the battle of Tailtte, and broke the circle of warlocks just as they were performing the spell.
Abbot Beyne School Abbot Beyne School is a comprehensive secondary school located in Staffordshire, England with specialist Visual Arts College status as of 2002. The school has over 1100 pupils (1135 students on roll as of 2003 OFSTED inspection).
Abbot Ice Shelf The Abbot Ice Shelf () is an ice shelf 400 km (250 mi) long and 64 km (40 mi) wide, bordering Eights Coast from Cape Waite to Phrogner Point in Antarctica. Thurston Island lies along the northern edge of the western half of this ice shelf; other sizable islands (Sherman, Carpenter, Dustin, Johnson, McNamara, Farwell and Dendtler) lie partly or wholly within it.
Abbot of Abingdon The following list of Anglo-Saxon Abbots of Abingdon is taken from Kelly (2000). She regards the traditional first six abbots as fictional: "There is good reason to think that in most cases their names were simply plucked from early charters available in the abbey's archive, the majority of which would seem to have had no connection with an early minister at Abingdon; there is no very convincing evidence that the historians had access to independent, reliable sources of information.
Abbot of Arbroath Abbot of Arbroath (and later Commendator) was the head of the Tironensian Benedictine monastic community of Arbroath Abbey, Angus, Scotland, founded under the patronage of King William of Scotland from Kelso Abbey and dedicated to St Thomas of Canterbury. Arbroath Abbey became the wealthiest and most powerful abbey in later medieval Scotland.
Abbot of Balmerino The Abbot of Balmerino (later Commendator of Balmerino) was the head of the Cistercian monastic community and lands of Balmerino Abbey, Fife, founded in 1227 x 1229 by monks from Melrose Abbey with the patronage of Ermengarde de Beaumont and King Alexander II of Scotland. The following are a list of abbots and commendators.
Abbot of Cambuskenneth The Abbot of Cambuskenneth or Abbot of Stirling (later Commendator of Cambuskenneth) was the head of the Arrouaisian (Augustinian) monastic community of Cambuskenneth Abbey, near Stirling. The long history of the abbey came to a formal end when the abbey was turned into a secular lordship for the last commendator, Alexander Erskine.
Abbot of Coupar Angus The Abbot of Coupar Angus (later Commendator of Coupar) was the head of the monastic community and lands of Coupar Angus Abbey, on the boundary between Angus and Gowrie in Scotland. The following are a list of abbots and commendators.
Abbot of Crossraguel The Abbot of Crossraguel was the leader of the Cluniac monastic community of Crossraguel Abbey, near Maybole in Carrick, south-west Scotland. It was founded in 1260s by Donnchadh mac Gille Brigte, earl of Carrick with monks from Paisley Abbey.
Abbot of Culross The Abbot and then Commendator of Culross was the head of the monastic community of Culross Abbey, Fife, Scotland. The abbey was founded in 1218 on the patronage of Maol Choluim I, Earl of Fife by Cistercian monks from Kinloss Abbey, Moray.
Abbot of Dercongal The Abbot of Dercongal or Abbot of Holywood (later Commendator of Holywood) was the head of the Premonstratensian monastic community of Dercongal Abbey (or Holywood Abbey as it was later called). The history of the abbots of the house is obsure and very few are known by name.
Abbot of Dryburgh The Abbot of Dryburgh (later, Commendator of Dryburgh) was the head of the Premonstratensian monastic community of Dryburgh Abbey in the Scottish Borders. The monastery was founded in 1150 by monks from Alnwick Abbey with the patronage of Hugh de Morville, Lord of Lauderdale.
Abbot of Dunfermline The Prior, then Abbot and then Commendator of Dunfermline was the head of the Benedictine monastic community of Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. The abbey itself was founded in 1128 by King David I of Scotland, but was of earlier origin.
Abbot of Fearn The Abbot of Fearn was the head of the Premonstratensian monastic community of Fearn Abbey, Easter Ross. The Abbey was founded by canons from Whithorn Priory in Galloway, with the patronage of Fearchar mac an t-Sagairt, mormaer/earl of Ross.
Abbot of Glenluce The Abbot of Glenluce (later, Commendator of Glenluce) was the head of the monastic community of Glenluce Abbey, Galloway. The monastery was founded in 1192 by monks from Dundrennan Abbey with the patronage of Lochlann (Roland), Lord of Galloway.
Abbot of Holyrood The Abbot of Holyrood (later Commendator of Holyrood) was the head of the Augustinian monastic community of Holyrood Abbey, now in Edinburgh. The long history of the abbey came to a formal end in July 1606 when the parliament of Scotland turned the abbey into a secular lordship for the last commendator, John Bothwell (confirmed by charter in December 1607).
Abbot of Inchaffray The Abbot of Inchaffray, before 1221 Prior of Inchaffray, and then by the end of the 15th century, the Commendator of Inchaffray, was the head of the community of Augustinian canons of Inchaffray Abbey and their lands. Inchaffray is in Strathearn, in southern Perthshire, Scotland.
Abbot of Inchcolm The Abbot of Inchcolm, or until 1235, the Prior of Inchcolm, was the head of the Augustinian monastic community of Inchcolm (Innse Choluim; Latin Insula Columbae; English: St Comb's Isle). The following is a list.
Abbot of Iona Abbot of Iona, was the head of Iona Abbey and the leader of the monastic community of Iona, and overlords of scores of monasteries in both Scotland and Ireland, including Durrow, Kells and, for a time, Lindisfarne. It was one of the most prestigious clerical positions in Dark Age Europe, and was visited by kings and bishops of the Picts, Franks and English.
Abbot of Iona (Benedictine) The Benedictine Abbot of Iona (later Commendator of Iona) was the head of the Benedictine monastic community of Iona Abbey, Iona, western Scotland. It was founded in 1203 by Ragnall, son of Somairle mac Gille Brigte, king of Argyll and the Isles, although there had been a Scottish/Irish monastery there for the previous seven centuries.
Abbot of Jedburgh The Abbot of Jedburgh (previously Prior of Jedburgh, later Commendator of Jedburgh) was the head of the Augustinian canons of Jedburgh Abbey, Roxburghshire. It was founded by King David I of Scotland in 1138, and David's grandson and successor Máel Coluim IV ensured its promotion to the status of abbey before 1156.
Abbot of Kelso The Abbot of Kelso (later Commendator of Kelso) was the head of the Tironensian monastic community at Kelso Abbey in the Scottish Borders. Originally, he was the Abbot of Selkirk, because from its foundation in 1113 by David, Prince of the Cumbrians (1113-1124) until it was moved to Kelso by David (then King of Scots, 1124-1153) and John, bishop of Glasgow in 1127, it was based at nearby Selkirk.

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