Encyclopedia

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) community of professionals advance worker safety and health through education and the development and dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge.
American Congress For Truth American Congress for Truth (ACT) is a non-profit organization. Lebanese American author and human rights activist Brigitte Gabriel founded the ACT in June 2002 to "give a voice to Americans, Jews and Christians, who have lost their freedom of speech to political correctness.
American Congress on Surveying and Mapping The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) is an international professional association representing the interests of those engaged in measuring and communicating spatial data relating to the Earth's surface. ACSM is comprised of several autonomous professional societies, namely:
American Conquest American Conquest is a real-time strategy game produced and designed by CDV and GSC Game World, who are the developers of Cossacks: European Wars. It is set between the 15th and the early 19th centuries in the American continents.
American Continental Bank American Continental Bank (美國大陸銀行) is an overseas Chinese bank in the United States. Headquartered in Industry, California, with a branch office in San Gabriel, California, this privately-held community bank was first established in October 6, 2003.
American Correctional Association The American Correctional Association is an association of providers of services to prisons in the United States. It holds an annual trade show where products used in prisons are shown to prospective purchasers.
American Council for Cultural Policy American Council for Cultural Policy (ACCP) is formed of a group of wealthy and politically influential antiquities dealers, collectors and lawyers in the United States, with its headquarters in New York and representatives in Washington D.C.
American Council of Engineering Companies The American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC) is a representative of America's engineering industry. Council members – numbering more than 5,500 firms throughout the country – are engaged in a wide range of engineering works that promote the nation's economy, and improve America's quality of life.
American Council of Christian Churches The American Council of Christian Churches (ACCC) was founded in 1941 under the leadership of Carl McIntire. McIntire and others designed a militant fundamentalist organization set up in opposition to the Federal Council of Churches (now National Council of Churches).
American Council of Public Policy The American Council of Public Policy (also known as the ACPP) is an on-line policy research and advocacy organization. Its contributors include students, congressional staff leaders, elected officials, and political pundits.
American Council of the Blind The American Council of the Blind (ACB) is a nation wide organisation in the United States. It is an organisation mainly made up of blind and visually-impaired people who want to achieve independence and equality (although there are many sighted members with common aims).
American Council of Teachers of Russian American Council of Teachers of Russian (ACTR) is an organization that has to advance research, training, and materials development in the fields of Russian and English language; to strengthen communication within and between the communities of scholars and educators in language, literature, and area studies in the United States and the countries of eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia; and to further educational reform through training, institution building, and technical assistance. It was first founded in 1974.
American Council of Young Political Leaders (ACYPL) Founded in 1966, the American Council of Young Political Leaders (ACYPL) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the United States that conducts international exchanges, enabling young persons (aged 25 to 40) identified as emerging leaders to experience firsthand the politics and culture of other countries. U.
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) is the only national organization dedicated to the improvement and expansion of the teaching and learning of all languages at all levels of instruction. ACTFL is an individual membership organization of more than 9,000 foreign language educators and administrators from elementary through graduate education, as well as government and industry.
American Counsel Association Established in 1928, the American Counsel Association is the oldest association of independent law firms in the world. The ACA was formed for the purpose of enhancing standards of practice, aiding deserving law students, and providing a social and business network for its distinguished members.
American Counseling Association The American Counseling Association (ACA) is a non-profit, professional organization that is dedicated to the counseling profession. ACA is the world's largest association exclusively representing professional counselors.
American Country Countdown "American Country Countdown" -- also known as "ACC" or "American Country Countdown with Kix Brooks" -- is an internationally syndicated radio program which counts down the top 40 country songs of the previous week, from No. 40 to No.
American Craftsman The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, and decorative arts style popular from last years of the 19th century through the early years of the 20th century. As a design movement, its popularity remained strong until the 1930s, although in the decorative arts it continues to experience numerous revivals until the present day.
American Crime (film) American Crime is a 2004 thriller movie starring Annabella Sciorra, Cary Elwes, Cyia Batten, Rachael Leigh Cook, Michael O'Neill, Kip Pardue and Frankie Ray. It is directed by Dan Mintz and produced by Jeff Ritchie.
American Crocodile The American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is one of the 4 species of New World crocodile and the most wide-spread in range. It occurs from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of southern Mexico through Central America and in South America as far as Peru and Venezuela.
American Crossword Puzzle Tournament The American Crossword Puzzle Tournament is an annual crossword-solving tournament held every March in Stamford, Connecticut. Founded in 1978 by Will Shortz, who still directs the tournament, it is the oldest and largest crossword tournament held in the United States, currently attracting between 400 and 500 competitors each year.
American Crusade Against Lynching The American Crusade Against Lynching was an organization, created in 1946 and headed by Paul Robeson, dedicated to eliminating lynching in the United States. Many prominent intellectuals were members, including Albert Einstein.
American Crusader The American Crusader is a fictional character and a superhero who originally appeared in Thrilling Comics #19 (Better Publications, 1941). The character was revived in the modern age in Tom Strong #11 by Alan Moore and Chris Sprouse.
American Cryptogram Association The American Cryptogram Association is an American non-profit organization devoted to the hobby of cryptography, with an emphasis on types of codes, ciphers, and cryptograms that can be solved either with pencil and paper, or with computers, but not computer-only systems.
American CueSports Alliance The American CueSports Alliance (abbreviated ACS) is a non-profit league-sanctioning body for billiards in the United States. They produce national billiards tournaments on an annual basis, in areas such as eight ball and nine ball.
American diplomatic missions Benjamin Franklin established America's first mission overseas in Paris in 1779. In the period following the American Revolution, George Washington sent a number of close advisers to the courts of European potentates in order to garner recognition of American independence with mixed results, including
American De Dion (automobile) In 1883, Count Albert de Dion formed a partnership with Georges Bouton to produce steam cars in Paris, France. They continuously improved their steam cars and in 1892 began experimenting with gasoline-powered engines.
American Deboyne Strike (1942) The "American Deboyne Strike",was refer between after the Battle of Coral Sea,Americans realizing some annex operations how certain airstrike against Japanese hidroplane base in Deboyne island, in Lousiade Archipielago during May 9-11,1942.
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man was the world's first international human rights instrument of a general nature, predating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by more than six months.
American Democracy Institute The American Democracy Institute (ADI) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit education and research center that educates citizens, engages activists, and develops leaders who work throughout society to create social change. ADI was founded in February 2005 and is headed by President and CEO John Hart.
American Derby The American Derby is a race for thoroughbred horses run annually at Arlington Park in Chicago, Illinois. First raced in 1884 at Washington Park Race Track, the American Derby was run only once between 1905 and 1925 afer which it evolved to become one of the important events of the American racing season that drew some of the very best horses from all over the country.
American Deserters Committee The American Deserters Committee of Montreal, Canada concerns members of American Armed Forces who deserted their posts and went to Canada. The deserters were aided in their efforts by groups such as Students for a Democratic Society, the Black Panthers, the Revolutionary Union, The Resistance, American Friends Service Committee, War Resisters League and the Committee for Peace and Freedom.
American Desi American Desi is an American film with Indian influence, notable for featuring almost all Indian American actors. Considered to be the watershed movie for young Indian American audiences or desis, it served as a precursor for other such movies such as Green Card Fever and Dude, Where's the Party?.
American Diabetes Association The American Diabetes Association, or the ADA, is an American health organization providing diabetes research, information and advocacy. Founded in 1940, the American Diabetes Association conducts programs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, reaching hundreds of communities.
American Dialect Society The American Dialect Society, founded in 1889, is a learned society "dedicated to the study of the English language in North America, and of other languages, or dialects of other languages, influencing it or influenced by it."The Society publishes the academic journal, American Speech.
American Dietetic Association The American Dietetic Association (ADA) is the United States' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, with nearly 65,000 members. Approximately 75 % of ADA's members are registered dietitians and about 4 % are dietetic technicians, registered.
American Dipper The American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), also known as a Water Ouzel, is a stocky dark grey bird with a head sometimes tinged with brown, and white feathers on the eyelids cause the eyes to flash white as the bird blinks. It is 16.
American Discovery Trail The American Discovery Trail is a coast-to-coast hiking and biking trail across the mid-tier of the United States. It starts on the Delmarva Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and ends on the northern California coast on the Pacific Ocean, and is signed on over 6,800 miles of trail (about 11,000 kilometers).
American Dog American Dog is a CGI animated feature that was planned as the 47th animated feature film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, written by Chris Sanders (director of Lilo & Stitch), and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution.
American Dragons American Dragons is a 1998 action adventure film starring Michael Biehn, Joong-Hoon Park, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Don Stark and Byron Mann. It was directed by Ralph Hemecker and written by Erik Saltzgaber and Keith W.
American Dream The American Dream is a subjective term usually implying a successful and satisfying life. This term usually implies financial security and material comfort, but can also imply a dream of fame, exceeding social, ethnic, or class boundaries, or simply living a fulfilling life.
American Dream (Art) American Dream Art uses images and symbols of American life and culture to surrealistic or horrific effect in order to critique the putative concept of the American Dream or to outline a deeper existentialist truth. Principal protagonists of the movement include the beat generation of Kerouac, Burroughs et al.
American Dream (comics) American Dream (Shannon Carter), a fictional character featured in Marvel Comics series A-Next. Carter is the leader of the "Dream Team" comprised of herself, Bluestreak, Crimson Curse and Freebooter.
American Dreams (album) American Dreams is a studio album by Townhall, and their first album to be nationally released (June 28, 2005). The album is allegedly very similar to the prerelease version from 2004, most notably missing the tracks "Matter of Trust", and "Stones to Throw", the first of which features lead singing by Mark Smidt.
American Drum Manufacturing Company The American Drum Manufacturing Company is a family-owned timpani manufacturer based in Denver, Colorado. Former Denver Symphony Orchestra timpanist Walter Light, who built a custom set of drums for himself, founded the company in 1950 when his colleagues began asking him to build timpani for them.
American election campaigns in the 19th Century In the 19th century during the First Party System, the Second Party System and the Third Party System the United States invented or developed a number of new methods for conducting American Election Campaigns. For the most part the techniques were original and were not copied from Europe or anywhere else.
American embargoes As of 2006, there are several United States embargoes and sanctions in force by the United States against several countries and activities, the most notable of which is the US sanctions and embargoes against the countries the federal government of the United States considers state sponsors of terrorism.
American exceptionalism American exceptionalism has been historically referred to as the perception that the United States differs qualitatively from other developed nations, because of its unique origins, national credo, historical evolution, and distinctive political and religious institutions. As Ross (1991) has argued, there are three generic varieties of American exceptionalism.
American Eagle (roller coaster) The American Eagle is a racing wooden roller coaster located at Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois, United States. Manufactured by Intamin AG of Switzerland, and built in 1981 by the contracting firm Figley-Wright, the American Eagle debuted as the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world.
American Eagle Airlines American Eagle Airlines is an airline based in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. It is a regional airline partner of American Airlines (both wholly owned by AMR Corporation), operating over 1,600 flights a day, serving 140 cities across the USA, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.
American Eagle Flight 4359 American Eagle Flight 4359 was a plane that was planned to fly out of Toledo, Ohio on January 12, 2007, but the plan was delayed to leave the airport because of a 911 call stating there was a bomb on board of American Eagle Flight 4359. FBI later learned that there was no bomb on board and the threat was a hoax.
American Eclipse American Eclipse (1814 to 1847) was a light chestnut Thoroughbred race horse named for the great English champion Eclipse. The original Eclipse (1764 to 1789) was named for the total eclipse of the sun that occurred as he was being born, and was so outstanding that for years people named their horses Eclipse this and Eclipse that in the vain hope they had another Eclipse, about whom it was said: "Eclipse first—the rest nowhere.
American Economic Review The American Economic Review (AER) is a quarterly journal of economics published by the American Economic Association. First published in 1911, it is considered one of the most prestigious journals in the field.
American Edit The mash-up album American Edit, whose creators Party Ben and team9 took the shared alias Dean Gray, pays tribute to the acclaimed Green Day album American Idiot, and was acclaimed as a landmark release in its own genre.
American Electric (1899 automobile) The American Electric was an American automobile manufactured in New York City from 1899 to 1902. The company built a wide range of electric carriages - these were claimed to be capable of running from 35 to 50 miles.
American Electrology Association Established 1958, the American Electrology Association is the largest professional membership organization for practitioners of electrolysis permanent hair removal. Although its name says American, its membership is actually international.
American Elm The American Elm Ulmus americana Linnaeus is a species of elm native to eastern North America, occurring from Nova Scotia west to southeast Saskatchewan, and south to Florida and central Texas. It is also sometimes known as White Elm or American White Elm.
American Embassy School The American Embassy School, New Delhi, India is an independent, coeducational day school which offers an educational program from prekindergarten (Early Childhood Education) through grade 12. The School was founded in 1952.
American Empire (style) American Empire is a French-inspired Neoclassical style of American furniture and decoration that takes its name and originates from the Empire style introduced during Napoleon's rule of France, known as the First French Empire. It gained its greatest popularity in the U.
American Empire: Blood and Iron Blood and Iron is the first book of the American Empire trilogy of alternate history fiction novels by Harry Turtledove. It is a sequel to the novel How Few Remain and the Great War trilogy, and is part of the Timeline-191 series.
American Enlightenment The American Enlightenment is a term sometimes employed to describe the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States (as they became following the American Revolution). It is commonly dated from 1750-1820.
American Enterprise Institute The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research is a conservative think tank founded in 1943 whose stated mission is "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American freedom and democratic capitalism--limited government, private enterprise, individual liberty and responsibility, vigilant and effective defense and foreign policies, political accountability, and open debate." The Institute is an independent, nonprofit organization supported primarily by grants and contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.
American Equal Rights Association The American Equal Rights Association (also known as the Equal Rights Association) was an organization formed by women's rights and black rights activists in 1866 in the United States. Its goal was to join the cause of sexual equality with that of racial equality.
American Eurocopter American Eurocopter is a subsidiary of EADS North America, the United States subsidiery of EADS. American Eurocopter manufactures and markets a broad range of civil helicopters, and as of 2005 had almost a 50% share of the American market.
American Evangelical Lutheran Church The American Evangelical Lutheran Church (AELC) was one of the many denominations formed when Lutherans immigrated to America. Originally known as the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (DELCA), the predominently Danish-American church was informally known as "the Danish Church.
American Experience American Experience (sometimes abbreviated AmEx) is a television program airing on the PBS network in the United States. The program airs documentaries about important or interesting events in American history, many of which have won impressive awards.
American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, New York, was the leading US-flag shipping company between the US east coast and the Mediterranean from 1919 to 1977, offering both Cargo ship services and Passenger ship services, until declaring bankruptcy and was acquired by Farrell Lines, New York.
American flag sort An efficient, in-place variant of radix sort that distributes items into hundreds of buckets. The first step counts the number of items in each bucket, and the second step computes where each bucket will start in the array.
American folk music American folk music, also known as Americana, is a broad category of music including Bluegrass, country music, gospel, old time music, jug bands, Appalachian folk, blues, and Cajun. The music is considered "American" because it is either native to the United States or there varied enough from its origins that it struck musicologists as something distinctly new; it is considered "roots music" because it served as the basis of music later developed in the United States, including rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and jazz.
American folk music revival The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States in the 1950s to mid-1960s. Its roots went earlier, of course, since traditional folk music has thousands of years of history, and performers like Woody Guthrie had enjoyed a limited general popularity in decades prior to the 1950s.
American football positions In American football, each team has 11 players on the field at one time. However, because the rules allow unlimited substitution between plays, the types of players on the field for each team differ depending on the situation.
American football rules Game play in American football consists of a series of individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is dead or not in play. These can be plays from scrimmage—passes, runs, punts, and field goal attempts—or free kicks such as kickoffs.
American football strategy American football might at first appear to be a game relying primarily on strength, speed and size, but the strategic elements of the game are also extremely important. Prior to a game, a team's coaching staff and players must be aware of their own offensive and defensive capabilities and how these match up with their opponent's capabilities.
American Falls [American Falls of Niagara, as seen from the Canadian side in September 2002. The tour boat Maid of the Mist] is in the river below, [[Bridal Veil Falls (Niagara Falls)|Bridal Veil Falls is the small separate falls on the right, and the city of Niagara Falls, New York is in the background.
American Falls Dam The American Falls Dam is a concrete gravity-type dam located near the town of American Falls, Idaho on the Snake River. When built, the dam required the entire population of American Falls to relocate their town since the sizable reservoir created by the dam completely covers the original townsite.
American Family Insurance American Family Insurance Group is a private mutual company which focuses on property, casualty and auto insurance, but also offers commercial insurance, life, health, and homeowners coverage, as well as investment and retirement-planning products.
American Family Publishing American Family Publishing, a Jersey City, New Jersey based company that sold magazine subscriptions, was best known for running sweepstakes where a large amount of money was offered as the grand prize (typically several hundred thousand dollars or even larger amounts of money). The winner was claimed to be chosen at random among all who respond to the sweepstakes, regardless of whether a magazine subscription was purchased.
American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association Originated in 1983, the American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association, or AFRMA, is a California-based club of rodent enthusiasts that organizes shows, establishes breed standards, and promotes both rats and mice as appealing pets. Their scope and intent is similar to the American Kennel Club in its association with dogs.
American Federation of Astrologers The American Federation of Astrologers, or AFA, is an official organization based in Tempe, Arizona, which has been established to promote and expand the practice of astrology in America and abroad. The AFA produces a popular monthly magazine, Astrology Today, which informs its members of major developments within the astrological community.
American Federation of Government Employees The American Federation of Government Employees is an American labor union representing over 600,000 employees of the federal government. (State and municipal employees are represented by other unions, most notably the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU)).
American Federation of Labor The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio in 1886 by Samuel Gompers as a reorganization of its predecessor, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions.
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) is the second- or third-largest labor union in the United States and one of the fastest-growing, representing over 1.4 million employees, primarily in local and state government and in the health care industry.
American Federation of Teachers The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is an American labor union founded in 1916 which represents teachers; paraprofessionals and school-related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff; and nurses and other healthcare professionals. It is affiliated with the AFL-CIO.
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) is a performer's union that represents actors in radio and television, much like the Screen Actors Guild does for movies, as well as radio and television announcers and newspersons, singers (both royalty artists and background singers), promo and voice-over announcers and other performers in commercials, and recording artists. The union currently (2005) has approximately 80,000 members in affiliated locals in major cities throughout the United States.
American Federation of Women Bodybuilders The American Federation of Women Bodybuilders was formed in 1980, started by Susan Fry, Kim Cassidy and Doris Barrilleaux. Ben Weider had asked them to start up a national organization for women bodybuilders, to provide a place where amateur women bodybuilders can be in a group.
American Film Foundation The American Film Foundation is an award-winning production company based in Southern California. The foundation is headed by Terry Sanders and Freida Lee Mock who have combined to create more than 60 documentary and feature films.
American Film Institute The American Film Institute (AFI) is an independent non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act.
American Film Institute's 50 Greatest Screen Legends The Greatest Screen Legends were actors and actresses selected by the American Film Institute for their popularity, craftmanship in their career, star quality, legacy and their role in society. The Top 50 Greatest Screen Legends was composed of 25 men and 25 women selected from a list of 250 men and 250 women nominees.
American Folk Art Museum The American Folk Art Museum has existed in various forms, and at various locations, since it was founded in 1961. The museum opened in its permanent location on West 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan (New York City, USA) on December 11, 2001.
American Folklife Center The American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress was created by Congress in 1976 "to preserve and present American Folklife" (see Public Law 94-201 The Center incorporates the Archive of Folk Culture], which was established at the Library in [[1928 as a repository for American folk music. The Center and its collections have grown to encompass all aspects of folklore and folklife from this country and from countries around the world.
American Folklore Society The American Folklore Society is the scholarly association of all folklorists in the United States. It was founded in 1888 by William Wells Newell as an academic association, although by now as many as half of its 2,200 members practice their work outside of higher education.
American Football (band) American Football was an indie rock band from Urbana, Illinois from 1997 to 2000. The band was formed by Guitarist/bassist and singer Mike Kinsella (formerly of Cap'n Jazz and Joan of Arc and currently of Owen) and drummer Steve Lamos (formerly of The One Up Downstairs and currently of The Geese and DMS), and also included guitar player Steve Holmes (also of The Geese).
American Football Coaches Association The American Football Coaches Association is an association of football coaches on all levels and is responsible for the Coaches Poll that determines the national champion each year. The American Football Coaches Association is also responsible for the Top 25 poll for Division II and Division III.
American Football Israel American Football in Israel (AFI) is a non-profit association, which in spring 2004 was granted official recognition as the sport's governing body in Israel by the Ministry of Education's Sports Authority. The AFI is a member of the International Federation of American Football.
American Football League All-Star games The American Football League did not play an All-Star game after its first season in 1960 but did stage All-Star games for the 1961 through 1969 seasons. All-Star teams from the Eastern and Western divisions played each other after every season except 1965.
American Football League All-Time Team The American Football League (AFL) All- Time Team was selected in 1970 by a panel of Hall of Fame selectors comprised of professional football writers from American Football League cities. A First and Second team were selected.
American Football League Most Valuable Players During its ten-year existence (1960 - 1969), the American Football League's best player for each year was called the Most Valuable Player by some sports-news sources and the Player of the Year by others. The awards by the major services are shown below.
American Football League playoffs From 1960 to 1968, the American Football League determined its champion via a single playoff game between the winners of its two divisions (although ties in the standings during the 1963 and 1968 seasons necessitated a divisional playoff game). In 1969, a four team tournament was instituted, with the second place teams in each division also participating.
American Football League Rookies of the Year In each year of its ten-year existence (1960 - 1969), numerous sports-news services named their choice for the American Football League's best first-year player. The choices by the major services are shown below.
American Football Women's League The American Football Women's League (AFWL) which debuted on May 15, 2002, was one of the first women's football leagues formed, originally using the name WAFL, or Women's American Football League in 2001. The AFWL officially disbanded in March 2003, due to money and attendance problems.

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