Encyclopedia

Anaithinthiya Thamizhaga Munnetra Kazhagam Anaithinthiya Thamizhaga Munnetra Kazhagam (All India Federation for the Progress of Tamilians), is a political party in Tamil Nadu, India. It is registered with the Election Commission of India, but still unrecognized.
Anak According to the Book of Numbers, during the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites, Anak was a well known figure, and a forefather of the Anakites (aka. Anakim) who were strong and tall descendants of the Nephilim.
Anakie, Victoria Anakie is a rural township between Geelong, Victoria, and Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia. The name is believed to be derived from 'Anakie Youang', an expression in one of the local Australian Aboriginal languages, meaning 'little hill'.
Anakin Solo Anakin Solo (10 ABY – 27 ABY) is a fictional character from the Star Wars Expanded Universe, the youngest child born to Han Solo and Leia Organa Solo, and the brother to elder twin siblings, Jaina, and Jacen. Anakin is named for his maternal grandfather, Anakin Skywalker, and, like his namesake, is a talented pilot who is prodigiously talented both in the Force and mechanical engineering.
Anaktuvuk River The Anaktuvuk River is a river in Alaskalocated at the Anaktuvuk Pass in North Slope Borough, in Northern Alaska. The Anaktuvuk Pass is in the Brooks Range which divides the Anaktuvuk River with the John River .
Anal beads Anal beads, sometimes called Chinese balls or Ben Wa balls, are a sex toy consisting of several small balls attached together in series which are inserted through the anus into the rectum and then removed with varying speeds depending on the effect desired (most typically at orgasm to enhance climax). Those who use anal beads enjoy the pleasurable feeling they receive as the ball passes through the narrow sphincter of the anus.
Anal bleaching Anal bleaching is the practice of bleaching the darker pigmentation of the skin around the anus for cosmetic purposes. A cream is used containing around 2% hydroquinone (a suspected carcinogen banned by several countries including France and the UK) as an active ingredient.
Anal glands The anal glands or anal sacs are small, paired sacs located on either side of the anus between the external and internal sphincter muscles. Sebaceous glands within the lining secrete a foul smelling liquid that is used for identification of members within a species.
Anal Haq Anal Haq is a short story in the collection Anargha Nimisham written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer,in typical Khalil Gibran style based on the life of the renowned Sufi, Mansur Al-Hallajwho was indicted and killed on charges of heresy.
Anal probing Anal probing is the insertion of an instrument into the anal cavity of a human or animal to assess the condition of the lower bowel. Instruments used include pliers, tongs, fiber-optic cables, syringes, eye droppers, thermometers, and specialized balloons.
Anal sac adenocarcinoma An anal sac adenocarcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumor found in dogs that arises from the tissue of anal sac. Anal sac adenocarcinomas first appear as a small lump associated with one of the anal sacs, but they can become quite large.
Anal sex Anal sex or anal intercourse is a form of human sexual behavior. While there are many sexual acts involving the anus, anal cavity, sphincter valve and/or rectum, the specific meaning describes the insertion of the penis into the rectum.
Anal spur Anal spurs are the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The bone is considered a hip bone, which has no connection with the spine and simply "floats" in the muscle mass.
Anal stage The anal stage in psychology is the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the development during the second year of life, in which a child's pleasure and conflict centers are in the anal area. This stage is exemplified by a toddler's pleasure in controlling his or her bowels.
Anal torture Anal torture is any torture applied to the anus, using such devices as a hot poker (widely rumoured to have been used to murder the allegedly homosexual English king Edward II without obvious external marks on the body).
Anal-oral contact Anal-oral contact, also referred to as anal-oral sex, rimming, a rimjob, tossing the salad, or anilingus (from "anus" and "lingua", commonly misspelled as "analingus", compare cunnilingus), is a sexual activity involving contact between the anus or perineum of one person and the mouth of another.
Analects The Analects (), also known as the Analects of Confucius, are a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. The Chinese title literally means "discussion over [Confucius'] words.
Analemma In astronomy, an analemma (IPA: , Latin for the pedestal of a sundial) is a curve representing the angular offset of a celestial body (usually the Sun) from its mean position on the celestial sphere as viewed from another celestial body (usually the Earth). For instance, by knowing the Earth's average solar day, an analemma can be traced by plotting the position of the Sun as viewed from a fixed position on Earth at roughly 24-hour intervals for an entire year.
Anales de Tlatelolco The Anales de Tlatelolco (Annals of Tlatelolco) is a codex manuscript written in Nahuatl, using Latin characters, by anonymous Aztec authors in 1528 in Tlatelolco, only seven years after the fall of the Aztec Empire. The manuscript provides an authentic insight into the thoughts and outlook of the newly-conquered Aztec culture.
Analgesic An analgesic (colloquially known as a painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia). This derives from Greek an-, "without", and -algia, "pain".
Analog (chemistry) In chemistry, analogs or analogues are compounds in which one or more individual atoms have been replaced, either with a different atom, or with a different functional group. Another use of the term in chemistry refers to a substance which is similar in structure to another substance.
Analog (program) Analog is a free web log analysis software program that runs under Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and most Unix-like operating systems. It was first released on April 29, 1995, by Stephen Turner as generic freeware; the license was changed to the GNU General Public License in November 2004.
Analog Brothers Analog Brothers is an experimental rap crew featuring Ice Oscillator also known as Ice T (keyboards, drums, vocals), Keith Korg also known as Kool Keith (bass, strings, vocals), Mark Moog also known as Marc Live (drums, violyns and vocals), Silver Synth also known as Black Silver (synthasizer, lazar bell and vocals), and Rex Roland also known as Pimp Rex (keyboards, vocals, production). Their CD Pimp To Eat featured guest appearances by various members of Rhyme Syndicate, Odd Oberheim, Jacky Jasper (who appears as Jacky Jasper on the song "We Sleep Days" and H-Bomb on "War"), D.
Analog computer An analog computer is a form of computer that uses electrical or mechanical phenomena to model the problem being solved, or more generally by using one kind of physical quantity to represent another. Modeling a real physical system in a computer is called simulation.
Analog data Analog data is data that can be considered to be an analog signal, as opposed to a digital signal, which is either on or off (1 or 0), or a series of discrete steps made from 1's and 0's, with no intermediate steps. Analog data is used by a wide variety of analog instruments, such as seismometers, sound level meters, and others.
Analog Display Services Interface Analog Display Services Interface is a telephony technology that is currently used in POTS or computer-based PBX telephone service. It works in conjunction with a screen-based telephone ("screenphone") or other compatible CPE to provide the user with softkey access to telephone company or internal PBX custom calling features.
Analog forestry Analog forestry is a system of growing trees and plants that seek to establish a tree-dominated ecosystem that is analogous in architectural structure and ecological function to the original climax and sub-climax vegetation community. Thus, Analog Forestry draws design input not only from traditional models but also from the natural forest successional dynamics.
Analog high-definition television system Historically the term high-definition television was first used to refer to television standards developed in the 1930s to replace early experimental systems with as few as 12 lines. Not so long afterwards John Logie Baird, Philo T.
Analog hole The analog hole is a fundamental, and inevitable vulnerability in copy prevention schemes for noninteractive digital content which is intended to be played back using analog means. When the information is converted to a perceptible analog form, there are no restrictions on the resulting analog signal, and the content can be captured back into digital form with no restrictions.
Analog modeling synthesizer Analog Modeling Synthesizer, also referred to as Virtual Analog or VA is a synthesizer that emulates the sounds of traditional analog synthesizers using digital signal processing components. There is a vague consensus that while VA's can be useful and expressive instruments in their own right, they seldom achieve the vibrant sound of true modular analog synthesizers.
Analog multiplier In electronics, an analog multiplier is a device which takes two analog signals and produces an output which is their product. Such circuits can be used to implement related functions such as squares (apply same signal to both inputs), and square roots.
Analog Protection System The Analog Protection System (APS), also known as Copyguard, is a DVD copy prevention system originally developed by Macrovision. DVDs encoded with APS become garbled and unwatchable when attempting to transfer the images and sounds to VHS.
Analog signal processing Analog signal processing is any signal processing conducted on analog signals by analog means. Specifically the mathematical algorithm that processes the signal is implemented with analog electronics in which the mathematical values are represented as a continuous physical quantity, an analog, usually as a voltage, electric current, or electric charge around some components in the electronic devices.
Analog Science Fiction and Fact Analog Science Fiction and Fact is the longest-running science fiction magazine of all time. Initially published in 1930 in the United States as Astounding Stories, it is considered one of the seminal science-fiction magazines.
Analog telephony adapter An analog telephony adapter, or analog telephone adapter, (ATA) is a device used to connect one or more standard analog telephones to a digital and/or non-standard telephone system such as a Voice over IP based network.
Analog television Analog television (or analogue television) encodes television picture and sound information as an analog signal, that is, by varying the amplitude and/or frequencies of the broadcast signal. All systems preceding digital television can be considered analog.
Analog temperature controlled crystal oscillator In physics, an Analog Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator or Analogue Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (ATCXO) uses analog sampling techniques to correct the temperature deficencies of a crystal oscillator circuit, its package and its[environment.
Analog transmission Analog transmission is a method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable.
Analog video Analog video is a video signal transferred by analog signal. It contains the luminance (brightness) and chrominance (color) of the image, which may be carried in separate channels, as in component video (YPbPr) and S-Video, or combined in one channel, as in composite video and RF connector.
Analog-to-digital converter An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
Analogue filter An analogue filter handles analogue signals or continuous-time signals, whether electric potential, sound waves, or mechanical motion directly. This is opposed to a digital filter that operates on discrete-time signals.
Analogue television in the United Kingdom Before 2006, analogue transmissions were the most used method of receiving television in the United Kingdom. It is expected that terrestrial analogue transmission will cease by 2012 with a phased transition to digital terrestrial television (based on the DVB-T standard and generally known in the UK under the brand name "Freeview") occurring on a regional basis from 2008.
Analogy Analogy is either the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from a particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general.
Analogy of faith The analogy of faith or rule of faith (Latin: analogia fidei) is a principle of understanding God in Christian theology, which evaluates religious life and theological opinions by testing them for consistency against what has been firmly believed. "Regula Fidei" The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol.
Analogy of the divided line Plato, in his dialogue The Republic Book 6 (509D–513E), has Socrates explain the literary device of a divided line to teach basic philosophical views about four levels of existence (especially "the intelligible" world of the forms, universals, and "the visible" world we see around us) and the corresponding ways we come to know what exists.
Analyse (song) "Analyse" is a song by Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke and is featured on his 2006 album The Eraser. The song was released on 30 October 2006 as a digital download and on 6 November as a limited edition 12" single in the United Kingdom (see 2006 in British music).
Analysis Effort method The analysis effort method is a method for estimating the duration of software engineering projects. It is best suited to producing initial estimates for the length of a job based on a knowntime duration for preparing a specification.
Analysis Group Analysis Group is an economic, financial, and strategy consulting firm in the United States and Canada. It provides economic, financial, and business strategy consulting to law firms, corporations, and government agencies.
Analysis of Competing Hypotheses Analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH) is a methodology for exploring and evaluating several explanations of observed data. Richard Heuer developed the methodology in the 1970s for use by the Central Intelligence Agency.
Analysis of the causes of the Rwandan Genocide To comprehend the genocide in Rwanda requires one to go beyond the blame generally accredited to France, Belgium, the international community, and the attack of 6 April 1994. Most observers concur that the attack was the detonator, but even if it had not happened, the genocide would probably still have occurred.
Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler was a report commissioned by Office of Strategic Services head, William "Wild Bill" Donovan, in 1943. A team of specialists brought together by William L.
Analysis of variance In statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts. The initial techniques of the analysis of variance were pioneered by the statistician and geneticist R.
Analysis paralysis Analysis paralysis is an informal phrase applied to when the opportunity cost of decision analysis exceeds the benefits. Analysis paralysis applies to any situation where analysis may be applied to help make a decision and may be a dysfunctional element of organizational behavior.
Analysis Situs (book) Analysis Situs is an influential mathematical paper (and a series of addenda) written by Henri Poincaré. Besides providing the first systematic treatment of topology, Poincaré revolutionized the subject by using algebraic structures to distinguish between non-homeomorphic topological spaces, effectively creating the subject of algebraic topology.
Analyst relations Analyst relations is a corporate communications activity whereby businesses aim to influence technology industry analysts (also known as research analysts) who work for independent research and consulting firms. The two largest U.
Analyte An analyte is a substance or chemical constituent that is determined in an analytical procedure, such as a titration. For instance, in an immunoassay, the analyte may be the ligand or the binder, while in blood glucose testing, the analyte is glucose.
Analyte Specific Reagent The FDA defines analyte specific reagents (ASRs) in 21 CFR 864.4020 as “antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal, specific receptor proteins, ligands, nucleic acid sequences, and similar reagents which, through specific binding or chemical reaction with substances in a specimen, are intended to use in a diagnostic application for identification and quantification of an individual chemical substance or ligand in biological specimens.
Analytic continuation In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, analytic continuation is a technique to extend the domain of definition of a given analytic function. Analytic continuation often succeeds in defining further values of a function, for example in a new region where an infinite series representation in terms of which it is initially defined becomes divergent.
Analytic cubism Analytical Cubism is one of two major branches of the artistic movement of Cubism (Synthetic Cubism being the other) which was developed between 1909 and 1912. Analytic Cubists "analyzed" natural forms and reduced the forms into basic geometric parts on the two-dimensional picture plane.
Analytic geometry Analytic geometry, also called coordinate geometry and earlier referred to as Cartesian geometry or analytical geometry, is the study of geometry using the principles of algebra. Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate equations for planes, lines, curves, and circles, often in two and sometimes in three dimensions of measurement.
Analytic Hierarchy Process The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a mathematical decision making technique that allows consideration of both qualitative and quantitative aspects of decisions. It reduces complex decisions to a series of one-on-one comparisons, then synthesizes the results.
Analytic induction Analytic induction refers to a systematic examination of similarities between various social phenomena in order to develop concepts or ideas. Social scientists doing social research use analytic induction to search for those similarities in broad categories and then develop subcategories.
Analytic language An isolating language is a language in which the vast majority of morphemes are free morphemes and are considered to be full-fledged "words". By contrast, in a synthetic language, a word is composed of agglutinated or fused morphemes that denote its syntactic meanings.
Analytic number theory Analytic number theory is the branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis. Its first major success was Dirichlet's application of analysis to prove Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, stating the existence of infinitely many primes in arithmetic progressions of the form a + nb, where a and b are relatively prime.
Analytic proof In structural proof theory, an analytical proof is a proof whose structure is simple in a special way. The term does not admit an uncontroversial definition, but for several proof calculi there is an accepted notion of analytic proof.
Analytic variety In mathematics, specifically geometry, an analytic variety is defined locally as the set of common solutions of several equations involving analytic functions. It is analogous to the included concept of complex algebraic variety, and any complex manifold is an analytic variety.
Analytic-synthetic distinction The analytic-synthetic distinction is a semantic distinction, used primarily in philosophy to distinguish propositions into two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions. Intuitively, analytic propositions are those which are true simply in virtue of their meaning, while synthetic propositions are not.
Analytical engine The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer by the British professor of mathematics Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837, but Babbage continued to work on the design until his death in 1871.
Analytical expression In mathematics, an analytical expression is a mathematical expression, constructed using well-known operations that lend themselves readily to calculation. As for closed-form expressions, the criteria are not precisely defined, but the class of expressions considered to be "analytical expressions" tends to be wider.
Analytical hierarchy In mathematical logic and descriptive set theory, the analytical hierarchy is a higher type analogue of the arithmetical hierarchy. It thus continues the classification of sets by the formulas that define them.
Analytical jurisprudence Analytical jurisprudence is a legal theory that draws on the resources of modern analytical philosophy to try to understand the nature of law. Since the boundaries of analytical philosophy are somewhat vague, it is difficult to say how far it extends.
Analytical Marxism Analytical Marxism refers to a style of thinking about Marxism that was prominent amongst English-speaking philosophers and social scientists during the 1980s. It was mainly associated with the September Group of academics, so called because they have biennial meetings in varying locations every other September to discuss common interests.
Analytical psychology Analytical psychology (sometimes called Jungian psychology) refers to a school of psychology originating in the ideas of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and advanced by many other thinkers who followed in his tradition. It is distinct from Freudian psychoanalysis.
Analytical Society The Analytical Society was a group of individuals in early-19th century Britain whose aim was to promote the use of Leibnizian or analytical calculus as opposed to Newtonian calculus. The latter system came into being in the 18th century as an invention of Sir Isaac Newton, and was in use throughout Great Britain for political rather than practical reasons.
Analytical technique An analytical technique is a method that is used to determine the concentration of a chemical compound or chemical element. There are a wide variety of techniques used for analysis, from simple weighing (gravimetric) to titrations (titrimetric)to very advanced techniques using highly specialized instrumentation.
Analytical Thomism Analytical Thomism is a philosophical movement which promotes interchange between the thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas (including the philosophy carried on in relation to his thinking, called 'Thomism'), and contemporary analytic philosophy.
Analyze Analyze is a powerful software package developed by the Biomedical Imaging Resource (BIR) at Mayo Clinic for multi-dimensional display, processing, and measurement of multi-modality biomedical images. It is a commercial program and is used for medical tomographic scans from magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and positron emission tomography.
Anamaria Anamaria is one of the fictional crew members of the Black Pearl lead by the fictional pirate Captain Jack Sparrow. She is played by Zoe Saldana and is first seen in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.
Anambas Anambas archipelago (Indonesian: Kepulauan Anambas) is a small archipelago of Indonesia, located in the South China Sea between east and west Malaysia and Kalimantan. The island group is part of the Riau Islands Province, and are sometimes included in the larger Natuna Islands, located several hundred kilometers to the east.
Anami Narayan Roy Anami Narayan Roy is the Police Commissioner of Mumbai. He took over as the police chief on 5 February, 2004 under controversial circumstances after the previous Commissioner was shunted out based on the Home Minister's orders.
Anamonic An anamonic is a form of mnemonic device frequently employed by tournament Scrabble players (the word anamonic is itself a portmanteau of anagram and mnemonic). It consists of a "stem" (often, but not always, an acceptable word itself), paired with a phrase in which each letter can be added to the stem and rearranged (anagrammed) to form a new word.
Anamorphic widescreen Anamorphic widescreen is a cinematography and photography technique for capturing a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film, or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio. It can also refer to a related technique for maximizing picture quality in DVD video recordings.
Anamorphosis An anamorphosis is a distorted projection or perspective; especially an image distorted in such a way that it becomes visible only when viewed in a special manner. "Ana - morphosis" are Greek words meaning "formed again.
Anan ben David Anan Ben David () is often considered to be the founder of the Karaite movement (a form of Judaism that split off from rabbinic Judaism due to its rejection of the oral law), or at least the founder of one of the main groups forming the Karaite movement. However, later Karaite sages are highly critical of Anan, leading some to believe that he had no part in Karaism.
Anand (film) Anand (Hindi: आनन्द, Urdu: آنند) is a Bollywood movie written and directed by one of the gretest Hindi film director Hrishikesh Mukherjee and released in 1970. It starred Amitabh Bachchan and Rajesh Khanna.
Anand (Writer) Anand is a well-known writer in Malayalam who is one of the most eminent intellectuals in Kerala today challenging various forms of religious fundamentalisms. He is a recipient of many awards including the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award and Vayalar Award.
Anand Agricultural University Anand Agricultural University is a university located in the western Indian state of Gujarat between the cities of Vadodara and Ahmedabad. This was formerly the Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University, which is now an independent university.
Anand Babla Anand Babla is a Fijian politician of Indian descent. In the House of Representatives he represents the Tavua Indian Communal Constituency, one of 19 reserved for Indo-Fijians, which he held for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the general elections of 1999, 2001 and 2006.
Anand Bhavan Anand Bhavan is a large mansion located in Allahabad, India. Established by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in the 19th century, it has served as the ancestral home of the Nehru-Gandhi Family — future Prime Ministers of India Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi were born there.
Anand Karaj Anand Karaj (, ) is the name of the Sikh Marriage ceremony, meaning "Blissful Union" or "Joyful Union," which was introduced by Guru Amar Das. The four Lavan (marriage hymns which take place during the marriage ceremony) were composed by his successor, Guru Ram Das.
Anand Krishna Rai Anand Krishna is an art historian and museologist, who has not only helped in restoration and chronicling of Indian art but also created a breed of professional art researchers. Scholars from India and abroad have eagerly sought his evaluation of their work.
Anand Panyarachun Anand Panyarachun (born August 9, 1932) was Thailand's Prime Minister twice, between 1991-1992 and once again in 1992. He was instrumental in initiating economic and democratic reforms, one of which was the drafting of Thailand's current constitution.
Anand Sahib Anand Sahib: This Bani is part of the Nitnem or prayer which are read by Amritdhari Sikhs in the morning. The Bani was written by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of the Sikhs and form part of the 5 Banis that are recited daily by baptised Sikhs.
Ananda Bazar Patrika Ananda Bazar Patrika is one of the premier Bengali language daily newspapers in India. It is published from Kolkata, and simultaneously from Siliguri and some districts of West Bengal, and has a national circulation.
Ananda College Ananda College, established November 1], [[1886 by the Buddhist Theosophical Society, is one of Sri Lanka's oldest schools. Originally it was known as English Buddhist School, describing its stated intention of providing English instruction to Buddhist students who would otherwise have had to go to a missionary school in order to get an English education.
Ananda Coomaraswamy Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (आनन्द कुमारस्वामी) (22 August, 1877–9 September, 1947) was a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, and early interpreter of Indian culture to the West.
Ananda Everingham Ananda Everingham (Thai: อนันดา เอเวอริ่งแฮม, born May 31, 1982) is a Lao Australian film actor and model. Working primarily in Thai films, he is best known for his lead role in the 2004 horror film, Shutter.
Ananda Lewis Ananda Lewis (born March 21, 1973 in San Diego, California) is an American model and television personality. She co hosted a morning daily radio show with John Salley on Los Angeles radio Station KKBT, when Salley was dumped in favor of another DJ Tom Joyner, she moved to doing the 9a-12p slot on KKBT, however left that position in November of 2006.
Ananda Mahidol King Ananda Mahidol or Rama VIII (long royal name: Phrabat Somdej Phra Paramenthara Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Athama Ramathibodinthra (roughly "HM King Ananda Mahidol, the Eighth Ruler") (September 20, 1925 - June 9, 1946) was the eighth king of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand.
Ananda Maitreya Venerable Balangoda Ananda Maitreya (August 24,1896-July 18,1998), a Sri Lankan scholar-monk, was one of the great personalities of Theravada Buddhism in the twentieth century. He was believed to have achieved through his meditations the highest level of spiritual development within the Sri Lankan sangha (Buddhist monastic order).

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