Encyclopedia

Application Object Model The Mozilla Application Object Model (AOM) is an application programming interface for manipulating the application using JavaScript. It is similar to Document Object Model, but instead of being document-centric, it is application-centric.
Application protocol-based intrusion detection system An application protocol-based intrusion detection system (APIDS) is an intrusion detection system that focuses its monitoring and analysis on a specific application protocol or protocols in use by the computing system.
Application Response Measurement Application Response Measurement (ARM) is an open standard for monitoring and diagnosing performance bottlenecks within complex enterprise applications that use loosely-coupled designs or service-oriented architectures.
Application security Application Security encompasses measures taken to prevent exceptions in the security policy of an application or the underlying system (vulnerabilities) through flaws in the design, development, or deployment of the application.
Application sharing Application Sharing is an element of remote access, falling under the collaborative software umbrella, that enables two or more users to access a shared application or document from their respective computers simultaneously in real time. Generally, the shared application or document will be running on a host computer, and remote access to the shared content will be provided to other users by the host user.
Application software Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user.
Application specific standard product An application specific standard product or ASSP is an integrated circuit that implements a specific function that appeals to a wide market. As opposed to ASICs that combine a collection of functions and designed by or for one customer, ASSPs are available as off-the-shelf components.
Application Simulation Software Mssevern 20:27, 15 January 2007 (UTC)• Using a technique called Application Simulation, it is a computer program that enables users to rapidly build lightweight, animated simulations of another computer program, without writing code. Application simulation software allows both technical and non-technical users to experience, test, collaborate and validate the simulated program, and provides such reports as annotations, screen shots and schematics.
Application Virtualization Application Virtualization is a field within computer science which deals with breaking the age old bond between physical hardware, operating system, and the program which runs on top of them. From the time the ENIAC first went into production in the mid nineteen forties, until the present day, software has been "installed" on the specific machine upon which it will execute.
Application-level gateway In the context of computer networking, an application-level gateway RFC 2663 - ALG: official definition (refer section 2.9) (also known as ALG or application layer gateway) consists of a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network.
Application-level interaction Most modern computer applications, particularly commercial packages, allow some sort of Application-level interaction. This is an interface (most times called an API) that allows other computer applications to use the facilities of the first application, thus minimising development time and stopping duplication of effort.
Application-oriented networks Application-Oriented Networks are somes called Intelligent Networks or Content-Based Routing Networks and they generally refer to network technology that can use the actual content of a network packet or message to take some sort of action. During the rise of the internet many routing decisions were made at Layer 4 i.
Application-specific integrated circuit An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) customised for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC.
Applicative programming language Applicative refers to a language paradigm for classifying computer programming languages. An applicative language is designed to support the development of programs as giving the result of a function of the combined variables.
Applicative voice The applicative voice is a grammatical voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the (core) patient argument, and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb. When the applicative voice is applied to a verb, its valency may be increased by one, and intransitive verbs may be converted to transitive verbs.
Applicon Applicon was one of the first vendors of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. It was founded in 1969 in Bedford, Massachusetts and later moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, after their acquisition of Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc.
Applied anthropology Applied anthropology refers to the application of method and theory in anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. Inasmuch as anthropology proper comprises four subdisciplines -- biological, cultural, linguistic, and archeological anthropology -- the practical application of any of these subdisciplines may properly be designated "applied anthropology.
Applied art Applied arts refers to the application of design and aesthetics to objects of function and everyday use. Whereas fine arts serve as intellectual stimulation to the viewer or academic sensibilities, the applied arts incorporate design and creative ideals to objects of utility, such as a cup, magazine or decorative park bench.
Applied Behavior Analysis Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a systematic process of studying and modifying observable behavior through a manipulation of the environment. Its principles can be applied to virtually anything capable of learning, but generally is applied in humans to individuals with autism and other developmental disorders.
Applied Data Research Applied Data Research (ADR) was a large software vendor in the 1960s and 1970s, and is in fact often described as the first software vendor. ADR was originally a contract development company, but wound up building a series of products that became widely used.
Applied Digital Data Systems ADDS, or Applied Digital Data Systems was a subsidiary of NCR Corp which sold the Mentor 2000 professional computer in the United States in 1986. It ran at 5MHz using a Zilog processor, 640KB RAM, and included one 60MB hard disk.
Applied Digital Solutions Applied Digital Solutions develops security products for consumer, commercial, and government sectors worldwide. Headquartered in Delray Beach, Florida, their products offer security for people, animals, the food supply, government/military arena, and commercial assets.
Applied ethics Applied ethics is a discipline of philosophy that attempts to apply 'theoretical' ethics, such as utilitarianism, social contract theory, and deontology, to real world dilemmas. Topics falling within the discipline include medical ethics, legal ethics, environmental ethics, computer ethics, corporate social responsibility, or business ethics.
Applied Econometrics and International Development Applied Econometrics and International Development (AEID) is an international journal of economics published by the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies. The journal debuted in 2001 and by 2006 was amongst the Top 50 most downloaded journals from Ideas.
Applied folklore Applied folklore is the branch of folkloristics concerned with the study and use of folklore and traditional cultural materials to address or solve real social problems. The term was coined in 1939 in a talk by folklorist Benjamin A.
Applied Foresight Network The Applied Foresight Network (AFN) is a global web of university-based centres connected by a network of forums for professors, students, teachers, and concerned citizens. The AFN supports informed discussion and social action on issues of critical importance to the future of humanity.
Applied linguistics Applied linguistics is the branch of linguistics concerned with using linguistic theory to address real-world problems. It has been traditionally dominated by the fields of language education and second language acquisition (SLA).
Applied mechanics Applied mechanics, also known as theoretical and applied mechanics, is a branch of the physical sciences and the practical application of mechanics. Applied mechanics examines the response of bodies (solids and fluids) or systems of bodies to external forces.
Applied Mathematics Panel The Applied Mathematics Panel (AMP) was created at the end of 1942 as a division of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) within the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in order to solve mathematical problems related to the military effort in World War II, particularly those of the other NDRC divisions.
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation Applied Micro Circuits Corporation () is a fabless semiconductor company designing network and embedded Power Architecture (including a Power Architecture license), optical transport and storage solutions. They bought assets, IP and engineers concerning the PowerPC 400 microprocessors from IBM in 2004 for $227 million and they now market the processors under their own name.
Applied Minds Applied Minds Inc. is a company founded by ex-Disney Imagineers Danny Hillis and Bran Ferren that provides technology, design, R&D, and consulting services to multiple firms, including, General Motors, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, Herman Miller, and Harris Corporation.
Applied Optics Applied Optics is a peer reviewed scientific journal published by the Optical Society of America three times a month. It has four divisions of editorial scope: optical technology; information processing; lasers, photonics and enviromental optics; and biomedical optics.
Applied physics Applied physics is a general term for physics which is intended for a particular technological or practical use. "Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work.
Applied probability Much research involving probability is done under the auspices of applied probability, the application of probability theory to other scientific and engineering domains. However, while such research is motivated (to some degree) by applied problems, it is usually the mathematical aspects of the problems that are of most interest to researchers (as is typical of applied mathematics in general).
Applied psychology The basic premise of applied psychology is the use of psychological principles and theories to overcome practical problems in other fields, such as business management, product design, ergonomics, nutrition, law and clinical medicine. Applied psychology includes the areas of industrial/organizational psychology, human factors, forensic psychology, engineering psychology, as well as many other areas.
Applied Physics Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), located in Laurel, Maryland, is a not-for-profit, university-affiliated research center employing 4,000 people. APL serves as a technical resource for the Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other Government agencies.
Applied Physics Letters Applied Physics Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed journal published by the American Institute of Physics devoted to the publication of new experimental and theoretical papers about applications of physics to science, engineering, and modern technology.
Applied Radiochemistry Applied radiochemistry was an important collection of lectures by German chemist Otto Hahn published in English in 1936 by the Cornell University Press (Ithaca, New York) and simultaneously by the Oxford University Press (London). Edited by H.
Applied Research Center The Applied Research Center (ARC) is a public policy institute advancing racial justice through research, advocacy and journalism. Founded in 1981 to bridge efforts between analysts and activists, ARC has five program areas: Research, Public Policy, Media and Communications, Leadership Advocacy, and Journalism.
Applied spectroscopy Applied spectroscopy considers application of various spectroscopic methods for detection and identification of different elements/compounds in solving numerous problems in the fields of forensics, medicine, food testing, oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, pharmacology, etc.
Applique Applique(or appliqué) is a technique in which pieces of fabric are sewn onto a foundation piece of fabric to create designs. It is particularly suitable for work which is to be seen from a distance, for example, Banner-making.
Applique computers Applique computers are embedded, purpouse-built hardened computer systems for use in military operations. They are so named because they are intended to be applied to combat systems that were not originally designed for computer systems.
Applix 1616 The Applix 1616 was a kit computer with a Motorola 68000 CPU, produced by a small company called Applix in Sydney, Australia, from 1986 to the early 1990s. It ran a custom multitasking multiuser Operating System that was resident in ROM.
Applixware Words Applixware Words is a proprietary word processor that has been available for different UNIX platforms since 1992, a Linux version was released in 1996. Part of the Applixware cross platform development IDE, Applixware Words is a full featured word processor with macros, forms, and RealTime financial data feed display capacity.
Appointment in Samarra Appointment in Samarra, published in 1934, is the first novel by John O'Hara. It concerns the self-destruction of Julian English, once a member of the social elite of Gibbsville (O'Hara's fictionalized version of Pottsville, Pennsylvania).
Appointment in Tokyo Appointment in Tokyo is a 1945 propaganda film released shortly after the surrender of Japan. It mainly follows General MacArthur and his men from their exile from the Philippines in early 1942, through the signing of the instrument of surrender on the USS Missouri on Septimber 1, 1945.
Appointment of Church of England bishops The appointment of Church of England diocesan bishops follows a somewhat convoluted process, reflecting the church's traditional tendency towards compromise and ad hoc solutions, traditional ambiguity between hierarchy and democracy, and traditional role as a semi-autonomous state church. (Suffragan bishops are appointed through a much simpler process, reflecting their status as directly responsible to their diocesan bishop.
Appointment with Death Appointment with Death (published in 1938) is a crime novel written by Agatha Christie featuring her Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot. The novel reflects Christie's experiences travelling in the Middle East with her husband, the archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan.
Appointment with Venus Appointment With Venus is a novel by Jerrard Tickell published by Hodder & Stoughton in 1951 and a 1951 film directed by Ralph Thomas. The screenplay was written by Nicholas Phipps and Jerrard Tickell, from the novel by Tickell, and based on a real incident which took place during the Second World War.
Appointment With Death (film) Appointment With Death is a 1988 crime film, made by Golan-Globus Productions and produced and directed by Michael Winner. It is an adaptation of the Agatha Christie novel featuring the detective Hercule Poirot.
Appomattox Campaign The Appomattox Campaign (March 29 – April 9, 1865) was a series of battles fought in Virginia that culminated in the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and the effective end of the American Civil War.
Appomattox Court House Appomattox Court House is a historic village located three miles (5 km) east of Appomattox, Virginia (25 miles east of Lynchburg, Virginia, in the southern part of the state), famous as the site of the Battle of Appomattox Court House and containing the house of Wilmer McLean, where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S.
Appomattox Regional Governor's School for the Arts And Technology The Appomattox Regional Governor's School for the Arts And Technology (locally and colloquially sometimes known as ARGS, ARGSAT, Appomattox, or the Governor's School) is a public regional magnet high school in downtown Petersburg, Virginia.
Appomattox River The Appomattox River is a tributary of the James River, approximately 137 mi (220 km), in central and eastern Virginia in the United States. It drains a cotton and tobacco-growing region of the Piedmont and coastal plain southwest of Richmond.
Apponaug, Rhode Island Apponaug is a neighborhood in central Warwick, Rhode Island, situated on Apponaug Cove, a tributary to Greenwich Bay and nearby Narragansett Bay. The name Apponaug is a derivation of the Narragansett Indian word for "place of oysters.
Appoquinimink Hundred Appoquinimink Hundred is the name of an unincorporated subdivision of New Castle County, Delaware. Hundreds were once used as a basis for representation in the Delaware General Assembly, and while their names still appear on all real estate transactions, they presently have no meaningful use or purpose except as a geographical point of reference.
Apport An apport is the transference of an article from an unknown source, to you, or another place by unknown means. The item can be anything, from coins and jewellery from ancient times, to modern objects such as watches and keys.
Apportionment (politics) Apportionment, or reapportionment, is the process of determining representation in politics within a legislative body by creating constituencies. This is typically done in proportion to the population in the individual sectors.
Apportionment Bill The Apportionment Bill is an act passed by the Congress of the United States after each decennial census to determine the number of members which each state shall send to the House of Representatives. The number of the members of the first House was 65.
Apportionment in the European Parliament The apportionment of seats in the European Parliament is not strictly in accordance with size of population. Rather, European Parliament seats are allocated by degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more MEPs than would be strictly justified by their populations alone.
Apposition Apposition is a literary device in which two elements are placed side by side, with the second element serving to define or modify the first with no word in between. When this device is used, the two elements are said to be in apposition.
Appraisal Appraisal is the act of estimating the monetary value of real, personal, or intangible property, usually performed as a service by someone recognized as an expert or certified by an organization or government agency.
Appraised value An appraised value (USA) or mortgage valuation (Australia) pertains to the assessed value of real property in the opinion of a qualified appraiser or valuer. It is usually used as a pre-qualification & risk-based pricing factor related to the issuance of mortgages by a financial institution.
Appreciative inquiry In Organizational development (OD), Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is a process for engaging people across the system in renewal, change and focused performance. The basic idea is to build organizations around what works, rather than trying to fix what doesn't.
Appreciative System Appreciative System is a term invented by Sir Geoffrey Vickers Vickers, "Science and the Appreciative System" Human Relations.1968; 21: 99-119 to refer to "the activity of attaching meaning to communication or the code by which we do so"
Apprehension In psychology, apprehension (Lat. ad, "to"; prehendere, "to seize") is a term applied to a model of consciousness in which nothing is affirmed or denied of the object in question, but the mind is merely aware of ("seizes") it.
Apprentice Adept The Apprentice Adept Series is a seven-book fantasy and science fiction series by Piers Anthony. The series takes place on Phaze and Proton, two worlds occupying the same space in two different dimensional planes.
Apprenticeship Apprenticeship which is still popular in some countries, is a system of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners. Apprentices (or in early modern usage "prentices") build their careers from apprenticeships.
Approach Lighting System An approach lighting system, or ALS, is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consists of a series of lightbars, strobe lights, or a combination of the two that extends outward from the runway end. ALS usually serves a runway that has an instrument approach procedure (IAP) associated with it and allows the pilot to visually identify the runway environment once he or she has arrived at a prescribed point on an approach.
Approach plate Approach Plates is a common term used to describe the printed procedures that pilots use to fly approaches during IFR operations. These procedures are available for a nominal fee from the government, as well as through private publishers.
Approaching aspect In astrology, an approaching aspect occurs when a faster moving planet, or significator, is moving towards a slower moving planet, or promittor, is moving towards an aspect in the natural order of the zodiac, which is a counterclockwise direction. A very old term, which astrolgers which as William Lilly used to describe an approaching aspect is a dexter aspect, with the word dexter deriving from Latin meaning "to the right".
Approaching Silence Approaching Silence is a compilation album of ambient music by David Sylvian (along with Frank Perry and Robert Fripp) collecting the two tracks from the 1991 limited release "Ember Glance" installation soundtrack (Tracks 1 & 2) as well as a third from the 1994 installation "Redemption". (Track 3)
Approbation Comics According to their website, Approbation Comics is an indy comic book company whose main goal is to bring graphic illustrated novels (aka comic books)to a wider, more mainstream audience. Creator/writer/artist Bart A.
Appropriate adult Appropriate adult is a defined term in the UK legal system for a volunteer from the local communities. Their role is to accompany young offenders, who otherwise would have no adult relations or friends, into custody to explain the meaning of legal terms, offer council or comfort, give advice, contact relatives, ensure the offender is aware of his rights, and that the offender is receiving the care he or she is entitle to (clean cells with no adult offenders inside, for instance).
Appropriate technology Appropriate technology is technology that is most appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. It is usually used to describe technologies which are suitable for use in developing nations or underdeveloped rural areas of industrialized nations, which may lack the money and specialised expertise to operate and maintain high technology.
Approuaque River The Approuaque River is a major river in eastern French Guiana. It rises close to the mountain of Gros Montaigne, flowing generally norteast until it reaches a long inlet of the Atlantic Ocean close to the town of RĂ©gina.
Approval rating An approval rating is a polling term which reflects the percent of respondents to an opinion poll who approve of a particular person or program. Most often an approval rating is given to a political figure based on responses to a poll in which a sample of people are asked whether they approve or disapprove of that particular political figure.
Approval voting Approval voting is a voting system used for elections, in which each voter can vote for as many or as few candidates as the voter chooses. It is typically used for single-winner elections, but can be extended to multiple winners.
Approved Destination Status The Approved Destination Status (ADS) is a program developed by the Chinese government to establish a well-managed, orderly and controlled system of travel abroad for a greater number of its citizens. It is based on a bilateral agreement whereby a foreign government allows Chinese tourists to travel to its territory.
Approved Driving Instructor Approved Driving Instructor (or ADI) is a UK term for a trainer of car driving who has been tested and licensed by the Driving Standards Agency. It is a legal requirement that instructors of car driving in the UK must be thus qualified in order to charge for their services.
Approximant consonant Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence.
Approximation in algebraic groups In mathematics, strong approximation in linear algebraic groups is an important arithmetic property of matrix groups. In rough terms, it explains to what extent there can be an extension of the Chinese remainder theorem to various kinds of matrices.
Approximation theory In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterising the errors introduced thereby. Note that what is meant by best and simpler will depend on the application.
Appulse Appulse is an astronomical term that refers to the very near approach of one celestial object to another, as seen from a third body. Usually it refers to the close approach of two planets together in the sky, or of the Moon to a star or planet as the Moon follows its monthly orbit around Earth, as seen by an observer located on Earth.
Appurtenance Appurtenances (from late Latin appertinentia, from appertinere, "to appertain") is a legal term for what belongs to and goes with something else, the accessories or things usually conjoined with the substantive matter in question.
AppWare AppWare was a rapid application development system for Microsoft Windows and the Mac OS based on a simple graphical programming language. The product was originally known as Serius Developer before Novell purchased it in 1993 during Ray Noorda's period of intense empire building.
AppWeb Web Server AppWeb is an open source, feature rich, embedded web server that has been designed from the ground up with security in mind. It is integrated directly into embedded systems and applications for simple and convenient deployment and with features such as server side Embedded JavaScript and Embedded Server Pages.
Après-ski Après-ski (French: after skiing) refers to going out, having drinks, dancing, and generally socializing after skiing. It is popular in the Alps where skiers often stop at bars on their last run of the day while still wearing all their ski gear.
Apricot The apricot (Prunus armeniaca or Armenian plum in Latin, syn. Armeniaca vulgaris, Armenian: Ծիրան, Chinese: 杏子) is a fruit-bearing tree, thought to be native to China and spread to Europe through Armenia.
Apricot (color) Apricot is a color that attempts to represent the color of apricots. Actually, it is somewhat paler than actual apricots and it seems to have been invented in order to have at hand a pleasant pastel shade of orange for use in interior design.
Apricot kernel Apricot kernels are, like most nuts and seeds, very nutritious. Among the compounds they contain is amygdalin, which is sometimes called "vitamin B17", but is not a vitamin since no illnesses are associated with a lack of it.
Apricot Sakuraba Apricot Sakuraba (アプリコット・桜葉) is a fictional character and one of the heroines of the dating sim/ strategy game series Galaxy Angel. She debuts in Galaxy Angel II: Zettai Ryouiki no Tobira (2005), the first of the sequels to the original Galaxy Angel game trilogy.
April (Retail Version) April (Retail Version) is the "finished" version of the latest VAST album, April, and is set to be released in early 2007. According to a post at the official VAST message board, the "finished" version will contain six new songs, and members of the VAST Fan Club will have the opportunity to have their names printed in a "special thanks" section of the album sleeve.
April 1, 2000 (film) April 1, 2000 is a 1952 Science fiction film starring Hilde Krahl and directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner. The script was reportedly commissioned at the request of the Austrian government and depicts a future harmonious Austria.
April 12 Incident The April 12 Incident was a large-scale purge of Communists from the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) in Shanghai, ordered by Chiang Kai-shek on 12 April, 1927, during the Northern Expedition against the warlords. In Chinese, the incident is called "Purge of Communists in the Party" (清黨) by the Kuomintang, while the Communist Party of China (CPC) refers to it as the "April 12 Anti-revolutionary Coup" (四一二反革命政变) or "April 12 Tragedy" (四一二慘案).
April 1992 general strike in Nepal In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos in Nepal, with spiralling prices as a result of implementation of changes in policy of the new Congress government, far-left groups stepped up their political agitation. A Joint People's Agitation Committee was set up together by the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre), Samyukta Jana Morcha, Communist Party of Nepal (Masal), the Nepal Communist League and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist).
April 1996 Tornado Outbreak Sequence The April 1996 Tornado Outbreak Sequence was a series of tornado outbreaks that occurred over a three-day period between April 19 to April 21, 1996 across a large area of eastern North America. It was the most notable outbreak of the year; the 19th was the most prolific tornado outbreak in Illinois history.
April 2, 2006 Tornado Outbreak The April 2, 2006 Tornado Outbreak was a tornado outbreak that occurred on the late afternoon and evening of April 2, 2006 in the central United States. It was the second major outbreak of 2006, in the same area that suffered considerable destruction in a previous outbreak on March 11 and March 12, as well as an outbreak on November 15, 2005.
April 22, 2006 Harris County, Texas assault incident The April 22, 2006 Harris County assault incident refers to a beating during the early morning of April 22, 2006 in an unincorporated section of Harris County, Texas, United States. The details of the attack lead to publication of the story in various media outlets inside and outside [http://64.
April 8 Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement Following the escalation of the Darfur conflict in the Sudan, Chad brokered negotiations in N'Djamena in 2004, leading to the April 8 Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement between the Sudanese government and the two rebel groups, the Sudanese Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA). Other signatories on April 8 were Chad and the African Union.

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