Encyclopedia

Absorbing set (random dynamical systems) In mathematics, an absorbing set for a random dynamical system is a subset of the phase space that eventually contains the image of any bounded set under the cocycle ("flow") of the random dynamical system. As with many concepts related to random dynamical systems, it is defined in the pullback sense.
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) In physics, absorption is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an atom whose valence electrons make transition between two electronic energy levels. The photon is destroyed in the process.
Absorption (chemistry) Absorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material. This is a different process from adsorption, since the molecules are taken up by the volume, not by surface.
Absorption (skin) Absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin. Along with inhalation, ingestion and injection, dermal absorption is a route of exposure for toxic substances and route of administration for medication.
Absorption capacity The term absorption capacity (as a part of EU Cohesion Rolicy) stands for the degree to which a country is able to effectively and efficiently spend the financial resources received from the European Funds. In other words, it defines the possibility of the EU member state to ‘digest and consume’ the funds it obtained in order to foster its development and thus improve the economic and social situation in the country.
Absorption spectroscopy Absorption spectroscopy refers to a wide range of techniques where one measures how much light of a particular wavelength (color) is absorbed by a sample. Since color can often be correlated with the presence and or structure of a particular chemical, and since absorbance is often an easy and cheap measurement to make, absorbance spectroscopy is widely used for for both qualitative (is a chemical present) and quantitative (how much) and structural (is it degraded) work in a wide range of fields.
Absorption spectrum A material's absorption spectrum shows the fraction of incident electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the material over a range of frequencies. An absorption spectrum is, in a sense, the inverse of an emission spectrum.
Abstemius An abstemius (plural abstemii) is one who cannot take wine without risk of vomiting. As, therefore, the consecration at Mass must be effected in both species, of bread and wine, an abstemius is consequently irregular.
Abstention Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote (on election day) or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "white vote", in which a participant in a vote cast a deliberately unlegitimate vote (drawing pictures on the ballot, etc.
Abstention doctrine An abstention doctrine is any one of several doctrines that a United States federal court might (or in some cases must) apply to refuse to hear a case, when hearing the case would potentially intrude upon the powers of the state courts.
Abstinence Abstinence is a voluntary forbearance from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. Most frequently, the term refers to abstention from sexual intercourse, alcohol or food.
Abstinence-only sex education Abstinence-only sex education is a form of sex education which emphasizes abstaining from sex, often to the exclusion of all other types of sexual and reproductive health education, particularly regarding birth control and safe sex. This type of sex education promotes sexual abstinence until marriage and either completely avoids any discussion about the use of contraceptives, or only reveals failure rates associated with such use.
Abstinence, be faithful, use a condom Abstinence, be faithful, use a condom, also known as the ABC strategy or abstinence plus sex education, is a sex education policy based on harm reduction which modifies the strict approach of abstinence-only sex education by including education about safe sex and birth control methods. The ABC approach was developed in response to the growing epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and to prevent the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases.
Abstract (summary) An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given scientific paper or patent application.
Abstract algebra Abstract algebra is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, and algebras. Most authors nowadays simply write algebra instead of abstract algebra.
Abstract algebraic logic Abstract Algebraic Logic (AAL) is the field of mathematical logic that studies the ways in which classes of algebras may be associated with logical systems and how these classes of algebras interact with the logical systems.
Abstract analytic number theory Abstract analytic number theory is a branch of mathematics which takes the ideas and techniques of classical analytic number theory and applies them to a variety of different mathematical fields. The classical prime number theorem serves as a prototypical example, and the emphasis is on abstract asymptotic distribution results.
Abstract art Abstract art is now generally understood to mean art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way. In the very early 20th century, the term was more often used to describe art, such as Cubist and Futurist art, that depicts real forms in a simplified or rather reduced way—keeping only an allusion of the original natural subject.
Abstract data type In computing, an abstract data type (ADT) is a specification of a set of data and the set of operations that can be performed on the data. Such a data type is abstract in the sense that it is independent of various concrete implementations.
Abstract expressionism Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.
Abstract factory pattern A software design pattern, the Abstract Factory Pattern provides a way to encapsulate a group of individual factories that have a common theme. In normal usage, the client software would create a concrete implementation of the abstract factory and then use the generic interfaces to create the concrete objects that are part of the theme.
Abstract hip hop Abstract hip hop is a subgenre of alternative hip hop that differs from other hip hop music largely in the content of the lyrics. In stark contrast to gangsta rap, which deals with living in poor urban neighborhoods and real or imagined aspects of gang life, abstract hip hop deals with topics that usually have no association with the hip hop culture.
Abstract impressionism Abstract impressionism is a type of abstract painting where brushstrokes exhibit control over emotion and focus on inner energy and contemplation, creating a lyrical and intellectual quality to the painting. Similar to the brushstrokes of Impressionists, such as Monet and Post-Impressionists such as Seurat.
Abstract interpretation In computer science, abstract interpretation is a theory of sound approximation of the semantics of computer programs, based on monotonic functions over ordered sets, especially lattices. It can be viewed as a partial execution of a computer program which gains information about its semantics (e.
Abstract Illusionism Abstract illusionism is an artistic movement that came into prominence in the Unites States during the 1970s. Works consisted of both hard-edge and expressionistic abstract painting styles that employed the use of perspective, artificial light sources and cast shadows to achieve the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
Abstract Imagists Abstract Imagists is a term derived from a 1961 exhibition in the Guggenheim Museum, New York called American Abstract Expressionists and Imagists - it refers to those who have largely non-gestural impersonal works of Abstract expressionists. A signature of the style is large areas of paint - as opposed to a more vigorous engagement by the artist.
Abstract machine An abstract machine, also called an abstract computer, is a theoretical model of a computer hardware or software system used in Automata theory. Abstraction of computing processes is used in both the computer science and computer engineering disciplines and usually assumes discrete time paradigm.
Abstract nonsense Abstract nonsense is a popular term used by mathematicians to describe certain kinds of arguments and concepts in category theory. This term is believed to have been coined by the mathematician Norman Steenrod,Colin McLarty, The Uses and Abuses of the History of Topos Theory, Brit.
Abstract of title An abstract of title is the condensed history of title to a particular parcel of real estate, consisting of a summary of the original grant and all subsequent conveyances and encumbrances affecting the property and a certification by the abstractor that the history is complete and accurate. In the United States, the abstract of title furnishes the raw data for the preparation of a policy of title insurance for the parcel of land in question.
Abstract polytope In mathematics, an abstract polytope is a combinatorial structure with properties similar to those shared by a more classical polytope. Abstract polytopes include the polygons, the platonic solids and other polyhedra, tessellations of the plane and higher-dimensional spaces, and of other manifolds such as the torus or projective plane, and many other objects (such as the 11-cell and the 57-cell) that don't fit well into any "normal" space.
Abstract Rude Abstract Rude (born Aaron Pointer) is an American rapper, from Los Angeles, CA. He is the MC from the hip hop group Abstract Tribe Unique (ATU), which features dancer Zulu Butterfly Prince, DJ Drez, and Underground Hip Hop producer, Fat Jack.
Abstract space Abstract space, in geography, refers to a hypothetical space characterized by equal and consistent properties; a geographic space that is completely homogenous. All movement and activity would be equally easy or difficult in all directions and all locations within this space.
Abstract strategy game An abstract strategy game is a board game with perfect information, no chance, and (usually) two players or teams. Many of the world's classic board games, including checkers, chess, go, and mancala, fit into this category.
Abstract structure An abstract structure is a formal object that is defined by a set of laws, properties, and relationships in a way that is logically if not always historically independent of the structure of contingent experiences, for example, those involving physical objects. Abstract structures are studied not only in logic and mathematics but in the fields that apply them, as computer science, and in the studies that reflect on them, as philosophy and especially the philosophy of mathematics.
Abstract syntax Abstract syntax is a representation of data (typically either a message passing over a communications link or a computer program being compiled) which is independent of machine-oriented structures and encodings and also of the physical representation of the data (called "concrete syntax" in the case of compilation or "transfer syntax" in communications).
Abstract syntax tree In computer science, an abstract syntax tree (AST) is a finite, labeled, directed tree, where the internal nodes are labeled by operators, and the leaf nodes represent the operands of the operators. Thus, the leaves are NULL operators and only represent variables or constants.
Abstract State Machine Language Abstract State Machine Language (AsmL) is a programming language based on the Abstract State Machines formal method and developed by Microsoft. AsmL is a functional language (which are commonly used in academic research).
Abstract State Machines Abstract State Machines (ASM), formerly known as Evolving Algebras, are a formal method for specification and verification. The approach was originally developed by Yuri Gurevich, based around the concept of an abstract state machine, and is also espoused by Egon Börger.
Abstract Syntax Notation One In telecommunications and computer networking, Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard and flexible notation that describes data structures for representing, encoding, transmitting, and decoding data.
Abstract type In software engineering, an abstract type is a type in a nominative type system which is declared by the programmer, and which has the property that it contains no members which are not also members of some declared subtype. In many object oriented programming languages, abstract types are known as abstract base classes, interfaces, traits, mixins, flavors, or roles.
Abstract Wiener space An abstract Wiener space is a mathematical object in measure theory, used to construct a "decent" (strictly positive and locally finite) measure on an infinite-dimensional vector space. It is named after the American mathematician Norbert Wiener.
Abstract Window Toolkit The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is Java's original platform-independent windowing, graphics, and user-interface widget toolkit. The AWT is now part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) — the standard API for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for a Java program.
Abstract-Type and Scheme-Definition Language Abstract-Type and Scheme-Definition Language (ASDL) was a computer language developed as part of ESPRIT project GRASPIN, as a basis for generating language-based editors and environments. It combines an object-oriented type system, syntax-directed translation schemes and a target-language interface.
Abstraction Abstraction is the process of generalization by reducing the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically in order to retain only information which is relevant for a particular purpose. For example, abstracting a leather soccer ball to a ball retains only the information on general ball attributes and behaviour.
Abstraction (mathematics) Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications.
Abstraction inversion In computer programming, abstraction inversion is an anti-pattern arising when the interface to a construct does not expose the functions needed by its users, although they are used within the construct. The result is that the users re-implement the required functions in terms of the interface, which in its turn uses the internal implementation of the same functions.
Abstraction layer An abstraction layer (or abstraction level) is a way of hiding the implementation details of a particular set of functionality. Perhaps the most well known software models which use layers of abstraction are the OSI 7 Layer model for computer network protocols, OpenGL graphics drawing library, and the byte stream I/O model originated by Unix and adopted by MSDOS, Linux, and most other modern operating systems.
Abstraction model checking Abstraction Model checking is for systems where an actual representation is too complex and and a state space explosion will result in developing the model alone. So, the design undergoes a kind of translation to scaled down "abstract" version.
Absurd (band) Absurd is one of the best-known National-Socialist black metal bands in Germany. It was founded in Sondershausen by Hendrik Möbus and Sebastian Schauseil in 1992, with a third member, Andreas Kirchner, joining at a later stage.
Absurdist fiction Absurdist fiction is a genre of fiction, drama or poetry that centers on the behavior of absurd characters, situations or subjects. While a great deal of Absurdist fiction is humorous in nature, the hallmark of the genre is not humor, but rather the study of human behavior under circumstances that are highly unusual.
Absurdistan Absurdistan is an expression sometimes used to satirically describe a country in which absurdity is the norm, especially in its public authorities and government. The term was originally used by Eastern bloc dissidents to refer to parts (or all) of the Soviet Union and its satellite states.
Absurdistan (novel) Absurdistan is the title of a 2005 non-fictional account by Eric Campbell of his experiences as an Australian Broadcasting Corporation foreign correspondent, including a detailed account of the death of his cameraman and his injury as a result of a car bomb during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Abswurmbachite Abswurmbachite (or Abswurmbachit or Abswurmbachita or IMA1990-007) (Cu,Mn2+)Mn3+6[O8|SiO4] is a mineral of copper, manganese, oxygen, and silicon. It is named after Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, a German mineralogist.
Absynth Absynth is a commercial, proprietary software synthesizer, currently in its 4th generation, available on the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS platforms. Developed by Native Instruments GmbH, it combines a range of traditional synthesis techniques (subtractive) and modern (granular, sample-based) to create complex sounds and timbres.
Abt rack system The Abt rack and pinion system was devised by Carl Roman Abt, a Swiss locomotive engineer working for a Riggenbach-equipped line, as an improved rack system. The Abt rack features steel plates mounted vertically and in parallel to the rails, with rack teeth machined to a precise profile in them.
Abt Ur Luv Abt Ur Luv is the second season of the Filipino drama TV series Star Magic Presents. The second season began airing in the Philippines on November 25, 2006 and currently airs on Saturday afternoons on the ABS-CBN network in the Philippines.
Abthain Abthain (or abthane) is an English or Lowland Scots form of the middle-Latin word abthania (Gaelic abdhaine), meaning abbacy. The exact sense of the word being lost, it was presumed to denote some ancient dignity, the holder of which was called abthanus or abthane.
Abtissue pathology Abtissue pathology is a general term for a disease which, through disabling the immune system and changing the chemical balance of the nervous system, makes the brain react as if there were an internal organ disfunction or massive internal bleeding.
Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar (sometimes referred to simply as ibn al-Mudawwar or, erroneously, as Mudawwar) (1101-1184) was a Karaite Jew living in Cairo during the twelfth century. He served as court physician to the last Egyptian Fatimid caliphs and later to Saladin, who pensioned him when he was sixty-three years old.
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani Abulfaraj, also known as Abu-l-Faraj or `Ali ibn al-Husayn ul-Isbahani (), (897-967) was a Persian scholar, a member of the tribe of the Quraysh and a direct descendant of the last of the Umayyad caliphs, Marwan II.
Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani was a prominent philosopher and scholar from the Muslim al-Andalus. A student of Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, he was a neoplatonic advocate, and seen as an influence on Ibn 'Arabi, but he also wrote extensively on Geometry and Logic.
Abu al-Qasim Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (936 - 1013), (Arabic: أبو القاسم بن خلف بن العباس الزهراوي) also known in the West as Abulcasis, was an Andalusian-Arab physician, and scientist. He is considered as Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, whose comprehensive medical texts, combining Middle Eastern and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures up until the Renaissance.
Abu Abd-Allah Abu Abd-Allah is a the Kunya of both Husayn ibn Ali and Ja'far al-Sadiq. In Shi'a circles, "Abu Abd-Allah" during the Remembrance of Muharram usually refers to Husayn ibn Ali, while in hadith narrations, such as in Usul al-Kafi, it ususaly refers to Ja'far al-Sadiq.
Abu Abdallah al-Qaim Abu Abdallah al-Qaim bi Amrillah of Tagmadert in the Draa River valley was the ancestor of the Saadi Dynasty of Morocco. The Sharifian movement on which the Saadi Dynasty was to be build began when Abu Abdallah, during a visit to Medina, dreamed of two lions entering a tower with a crowd of people close behind.
Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi Abu Abdallah Mohammed II (reigned 1574-1576, died in 1578) was the oldest son of Abdallah al-Ghalib and was recognised as the legitimate sultan after al-Ghalibs death. Immediately after his accesion to the throne he had one of his brothers executed and another (Mulay en-Naser the governor of Tadla) imprisoned.
Abu Abdullah al-Bakri Abu Abdullah al-Bakri (1014–1094) (Arabic: أبو عبد الله البكري, sometimes transliterated as al-Bekri) was a Spanish-Arab geographer and historian. He was born in Huelva, the son of the governor of the province.
Abu Abed Abu Abed is a fictional character that forms the centerpiece of many jokes in Lebanon, though he is known throughout the Arab world. The Washington Post describes him as an "Archie Bunker-like figure who is a fumbling caricature of all the failings of the Lebanese.
Abu Abraham Abu Abraham (June 11, 1924 - December 1, 2002) was an Indian cartoonist, journalist, and author. In a long career spanning 40 years, Abu Abraham lend his service to a broad spectrum of national and international newspaper dailies including The Bombay Chronicle, Shankar’s Weekly, Blitz, The Tribune, The Observer (1956-66), The Guardian (1966-69), and The Indian Express.
Abu Ali al-Harithi Abu Ali al-Harithi (Arabic: أبو علي الحاريثي ) was a citizen of Yemen and a suspected al-Qaida operative who is believed to have been the mastermind behind the October 2000 USS Cole bombing. He was killed by the U.
Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades The Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades (Arabic, katā'ib abu ‘ali mustafā) is the armed wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem).
Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi (alternative spelling: Yasir Kazi)(born 1975) is a lecturer and Islamic cleric who has authored several books about Islam. He is a popular speaker in many Muslim circles in the United States, Canada, England and Australia.
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (587 - 668) - born Khalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb in Yathrib - hailed from the tribe of Banu Najjar and was a close companion (Arabic: الصحابه, sahaba) of the Prophet Muhammed. Abu Ayyub was one among the Ansar (Arabic: الأنصار, meaning aiders, helpers or patrons) of early Muslim history, or those who supported Muhammad after the hijra (migration) to Medina in 622 C.
Abu Bakar bin Abdul Jamal Admiral Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Abu Bakar bin Abdul Jamal was the tenth Chief and the first four-star Admiral of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). He was born in 1946 in Johor, Malaysia and received his early education at the Royal Military College in Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur.
Abu Baker Abu Baker was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty (1389) and the younger son of Firuz Shah Tughluq. After Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (who had succeeded Firuz Shah Tughluq) was murdered, Abu Baker became ruler of the Tughlaq empire.
Abu Bakker Qassim Abu Bakker Qassim is a Uyghur from China's western frontier, Uyghur Xinjiang Autonomous Region (also known as East Turkistan) who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantánamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba. After being classified as "no longer enemy combatant" (NLEC) by the Combatant Status Review Tribunal (CSRT) he continued to be held in Cuba, in Camp Iguana.
Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad (reigned 1525 - 1526) was a sultan of Adal. Pankhurst credits Abu Bakr with founding the city of Harar,Richard Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), p.
Abu Bakr Mansha On 22 December 2005 Abu Bakr Mansha, 21, of Thamesmead was convicted in a jury trial under the Terrorism Act 2000 of possessing information "likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism". A police raid on his flat had found a blank-firing gun, which someone was trying to convert to fire live rounds, as well as DVDs containing "virulent anti-Western propaganda" relating to Osama bin Laden and the allied attack on the Iraqi city of Fallujah.
Abu Dahdah A Syrian-born Spaniard, Abu Dahdah, (aka Imad Eddin Barakat Yarkas) (Arabic: أبو الدحداح) was implicated in the September 11, 2001 attacks, and thought to have been a high-ranking member of Al-Qaeda in Madrid, Spain.
Abu Daoud Mohammad Oudeh (Arabic: محمد عودة), commonly known as Abu Daoud (Arabic: أبو داود), was the leader of the Black September, the Palestine Liberation Organisation splinter group that carried out the 1972 Munich massacre. Many of its members were killed in Israel's revenge campaign Operation Wrath of God, although Daoud was never assassinated.
Abu Dawood Abu Da'ud or Abu Dawod, full name Abu Da'ud Sulayman ibn Ash`ath al-Azadi al-Sijistani, was a noted collector of hadith (sayings of Muhammad), and wrote the third of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, Sunan Abi Da'ud. He was born in Sijistan (Sistan or Sagestan, Persia) in 817, and died in 888.
Abu Deraa Abu Deraa (real name: Ismail al-Zerjawi Hafidh), (Arabic أبو درع) is an Iraqi Shi'ite warlord whose men have been accused of terrorizing and killing Sunnis. His aim has apparently been to avenge Shi'ite deaths at the hands of Sunnis in Iraq, though he has stated that he is fighting for all Iraqis and only targets the 'occupiers'.
Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi ( ʼAbū Ẓabī, literally "Father of Gazelle") is the capital of the emirate of the same name, largest of the seven emirates that compose the United Arab Emirates. It is located in the north central UAE.
Abu Dhabi Golf Championship The Abu Dhabi Golf Championship is a European Tour golf tournament that was staged for the first time in January 2006. It took place at the Abu Dhabi Golf Club by Sheraton in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) is one of the biggest government investment authorities in the world. Founded in 1976, it is responsible for investing all of the Abu Dhabi government's oil revenues and assets in countries across the world.
Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey The Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey (ADIAS) was established in 1992 on the instruction of the late President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan to survey for, record and where appropriate, excavate archaeological sites on the coast and islands of Abu Dhabi. Since 1992 ADIAS has identified over a thousand sites or groups of sites on the coast and islands of Abu Dhabi.
Abu Dhabi Mall Abu Dhabi Mall is currently the largest mall in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, ahead of the recently renovated, Marina Mall. Abu Dhabi Mall comprises more than 200 stores, including a cineplex, supermarkets, a large hypermarket (Abu Dhabi Co-Operative Society) as well as a large food court.
Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company The Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company (ADNEC) is the UAE capital's most prestigious exhibition centre and is currently undergoing a dramatic investment programme which will culminate in 57,000 m² of exhibition space, a 21,000 m² visitor concourse and 7,500 m² of multi-purpose halls. The complex will also consist of dedicated conference facilities for up to 1,200 people.
Abu Dhabi Securities Market Abu Dhabi Securities Market (ADSM) (Arabic: سوق أبوظبي للأوراق ألمالية) is a stock exchange in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was established on 15 November 2000 to trade shares of UAE companies.
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari Jundub ibn Junadah ibn Sakan (Arabic جُندب بن جَنادة), better known as Abu Dharr, Abu Dharr al-Ghafari, or Abu Tharr Al-Ghefari (Arabic أبو ذر الغفاري) was an early convert to Islam. When he converted, the prophet Muhammad gave him a new name, Abdullah.
Abu Dujan al-Afghani Abu Dujan al-Afghani (Arabic: أبو دجان الأفغاني) is the purported military spokesman for Al-Qaida in Europe. He first appeared in a videotape claiming responsibility for the March 11, 2004 Madrid attacks a few days after the attacks.
Abu Faraj al-Libbi Abu Faraj al-Libi (Arabic: أبو فرج الليبي) is a Libyan and an alleged member of the al-Qaeda terror organization. He was arrested on May 2, 2005 in Mardan, a town 30 miles north of Peshawar, in northwestern Pakistan.
Abu Ghosh Abu Ghosh is an Israeli Arab village west of Jerusalem on the road to Tel Aviv whose inhabitants are known for their friendly relations with their Jewish neighbors. It is a Local council in the Jerusalem District.
Abu Ghraib The city of Abu Ghraib (BGN/PCGN romanization: Abū Ghurayb; أبو غريب in Arabic) in Iraq is located 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Baghdad's city center, or some 15 km northwest of Baghdad International Airport. It has between 750,000 and 1.
Abu Ghraib prison The Abu Ghraib prison (Arabic: سجن أبو غريب; also Abu Ghurayb) is in Abu Ghraib, an Iraqi city 32 km (20 mi) west of Baghdad. It became internationally known as a place where Saddam Hussein's government tortured and executed dissidents, and later as the site of Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal where the United States military's torture of Iraqi detainees was revealed in a series of photographs published in worldwide news media.
Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse Beginning in 2004, numerous accounts of abuse and torture of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (also known as Baghdad Correctional Facility) came to public attention. The acts were committed by some personnel of the 372nd Military Police Company, CIA officers , and contractors involved in the occupation of Iraq such as CACI International.
Abu Hamad Abu Hamad is a town of Sudan on the right bank of the Nile, 345 mi by rail north of Khartoum. It stands at the centre of the great S-shaped bend of the Nile, and from it the railway to Wadi Halfa strikes straight across the Nubian desert, a little west of the old caravan route to Korosko.
Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man Al-Imam al Azam Abu Hanifah Muhammad An-Nu’maan ibn Thabit Ibn Numan az-Zuta Ibn Maah (), also known as Imam Abū Ḥanīfah, () (699 - 767) was one of the most important Islamic scholars. He was a jurist and the founder of the Hanafi school of fiqh.
Abu Hanifa Mosque The Abu Hanifah Mosque (Arabic: مسجد أبو حنيفة, masjid abū ḥanīfah or مسجد أبي حنيفة, masjid abī ḥanīfah) is one of the most prominent Sunni mosques in Baghdad, Iraq. The mosque is built around the tomb of Abū Ḥanīfah an-Nuʿmān (often called "the Great Imam" (ألإمام الأعظم, al-imām al-aʿẓam)), the founder of the Ḥanafī madhhab or school of Islamic religious jurisprudence.
Abu Hassan Abu Hassan is an opera in one act by Carl Maria von Weber to a German libretto by Franz Hiemer, based on a story in A Thousand and One Nights. It was first performed at the Residenz Theater in Munich on June 4, 1811.
Abu Hurairah `Abd al-Rahman ibn Sakhr Al-Azdi () (d. 678) more commonly known as Abu Hurairah, Abu Hurayrah, or Abu Horaira (), was a Sahābi, and is the narrator of Hadith most quoted in the isnad of them by Sunni Muslims.

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