Encyclopedia

Arthur Thompson Arthur Thompson, known as "the Godfather", was a notorious Glasgow-born gangster who made his mark on the streets of Scotland in the 1950's, and who then went on to take charge of organized crime for over thirty years.
Arthur Tiley Arthur Tiley (17 January 1910 - 5 June 1994) was a British Conservative and National Liberal politician. Upon the re-creation of the Bradford West constituency in 1955, Tiley was elected as its Member of Parliament.
Arthur Ting Dr. Arthur Ting is an orthopaedic surgeon and the team physician for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League and San Jose Sabercats of the Arena Football League (both teams play in San Jose's HP Pavilion).
Arthur Tooth Father Arthur Tooth SSC (1839–1931), a Ritualist and clergyman in the Church of England, and a member of the Society of the Holy Cross, is most famous for having being prosecuted in 1876 under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 for using proscribed liturgical practices. He was also, briefly, imprisoned as a result of the prosecution in 1877.
Arthur Torres Arthur "Art" Torres is the current Chairman of the California Democratic Party, a position he has held since 1995, and is the first Latino in the California Democratic Party to have been nominated for statewide office when he won the Democratic primary for insurance commissioner in 1994. Earlier in his career, he served for 8 years as a state Assembly member (1974-1982), and for 12 as a State Senator (1982-1994).
Arthur Tracy Arthur Tracy (25 June 1899 - 5 October 1997) was a popular American] singer, known world-wide as "The Street Singer". Tracy's fame was at its height throughout the 1930s and early 1940s thanks to his constant performances on [[radio, theatre, film, and records.
Arthur Treacher's Arthur Treacher's Fish and Chips is a fast food seafood restaurant chain with, as of 2003, 177 stores which serve fish and chips. Like its main competitor Long John Silver's, Arthur Treacher's faced bankruptcy, and the brand has been acquired by TruFoods Systems, Inc.
Arthur Trefusis Heneage Williams Arthur Trefusis Heneage Williams (June 13 1837 – July 4 1885) was a Canadian businessman, farmer and political figure. He represented Durham East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1874 and in the Canadian House of Commons as a Conservative member from 1879 to 1885.
Arthur TV soundtracks Arthur is a very musical show. While it is not a children's program where characters regularly burst into song, such as Blue's Clues or Bear in the Big Blue House, it does have a fair number of associated songs.
Arthur U. Gerber Arthur Uranus Gerber (1878-1960) was a commercial architect who resided in Evanston, Illinois and whose designs included a number of transit stations in the greater Chicago, Illinois area, at least five of which have since been placed onto the National Register of Historic Places.
Arthur Upfield Arthur William Upfield (1 September 1890 - 13 February 1964 ) was an Australian writer, best known for his works of detective fiction featuring Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte ('Bony') of the Queensland Police Force.
Arthur Van Gehuchten Arthur Van (or van) Gehuchten (1861-1914 or 1915) was a Belgian anatomist, born at Antwerp. He was professor in the faculty of medicine at the University of Louvain until the eruption of the War in Europe in 1914.
Arthur Vicars Sir Arthur Vicars (1862 - 1921) was an English-born genealogist and heraldic expert who spent his adult life in Ireland. He was appointed Ulster King of Arms in 1893, but was removed from the post in 1908 following the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels in the previous year.
Arthur Vickers Arthur Vickers (2 February 1882 - 27 July 1944) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Arthur Vineberg Arthur Martin Vineberg (May 24 1903 – March 26 1988) was a Canadian cardiac surgeon, university lecturer and author. He was "famous for his experimental and clinical studies in revascularization of the heart".
Arthur Wahl Arthur Wahl (September 8, 1917 – April, 2006) was an American physicist who, as a graduate student in February 1941, was the first to isolate plutonium in a laboratory. He also worked on the Manhattan Project.
Arthur Walderne St. Clair Tisdall Arthur Walderne St. Clair Tisdall (21 July 1890-6 May 1915) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Arthur Walworth Arthur Walworth (born 1904 in Newton, Massachusetts; died January 10, 2005 in Needham, Massachusetts) is most noted as a biographer of Woodrow Wilson. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for Woodrow Wilson, Volume I: American Prophet.
Arthur Warren Samuels Arthur Warren Samuels (19 May 1852-11 May 1925) was an Irish Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom Parliament and subsequently a Judge. The Irish Unionists were the Irish wing of the Conservative Party.
Arthur Weigall Arthur Edward Pearse Brome Weigall (1880–1934) was an English Egyptologist, stage designer, journalist and author whose works span the whole range from histories of Ancient Egypt through historical biographies, guide-books, popular novels, screenplays and lyrics.
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. 1 May, 1769 – 14 September, 1852) was an Irish-born British soldier and statesman, widely considered one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century.
Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington Arthur Gerald Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (born 31 January 1978) is the son of Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley, Marquess of Douro, and after his father heir to the Dukedom of Wellington. Through his mother, HRH Princess Antonia of Prussia, he is a descendant of Queen Victoria, a great-great-grandson of Wilhelm II of Germany and is 350th in the line of succession to the British Throne.
Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley, Marquess of Douro OBE, (born August 19, 1945) is the son and heir of Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington and his wife, Diana McConnel. He was born as Earl of Mornington in 1945, at Princess Christian Nursing Home, Windsor, Berkshire.
Arthur Wharton Arthur Wharton, (October 28 1865 – December 13 1930) was the first black professional association football player in the world. (Leading amateur and Scotland international, Andrew Watson predates him by eleven years.
Arthur White (actor) Arthur White (born 1933 in Finchley, London, England) is a British stage and screen actor. He is probably most famous for his role as a police archivist PC Ernest 'Ernie' Trigg in the popular UK detective drama, A Touch of Frost alongside his real life brother Sir David Jason.
Arthur Whitney Arthur Whitney is a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL-inspired programming languages A+ and K. He also wrote the initial prototype of J, a terse and macro-heavy single page of code in one afternoon, which then served as the model for J implementor Roger Hui.
Arthur Wieferich Arthur Josef Alwin Wieferich (April 27, 1884 – September 15, 1954) was a German mathematician and teacher, remembered for his work on number theory. He was born in Münster, attended the University of Münster (1903–1909) and then worked widely as a school teacher and tutor until his retirement in 1949.
Arthur Willink Arthur Willink was a nineteenth-century British theologian and clergyman. His most notable work is The World of the Unseen, a piece in which he argues that the universe consists of three parallel planes: the earth, heaven, and hell.
Arthur Wirtz Arthur Michael Wirtz (January 23 1901 - July 21 1983) was a powerful figure in sports and arena operation. He was the owner of Chicago Stadium, Olympia Stadium in Detroit, the Bismarck Hotel in Chicago, the Chicago Blackhawks, and the Chicago Bulls.
Arthur Witty Arthur Witty Cotton (born Barcelona, Spain), also known as Don Arturo, was an Anglo/Catalan footballer, club president and businessman. Witty played for FC Barcelona in the first Copa del Rey final and later served as club president between 1903 and 1905.
Arthur Woody Arthur Woody (April 1, 1884 - June 10, 1946) was born in Suches, Georgia. Arthur Woody, who saw his father kill the last deer in the North Georgia mountains in 1895, is credited with bringing deer back to the North Georgia mountains.
Arthur Woollgar Verrall Arthur Woolgar Verrall was a classics scholar associated with Trinity College, Cambridge, and the first occupant of the King Edward VII Chair of English. He was noted for his translations and for his challenging, unorthodox interpretations of the Greek dramatists, such as his commentary on Agamemnon.
Arthur Wright Arthur Edgar Wright (born November 8, 1907 in Winnipeg, Manitoba; died May 19, 1977) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1958 to 1966, originally for the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and later for its successor party, the New Democratic Party.
Arthur Wyatt Arthur Wyatt is a former president of the American Accounting Association and former Arthur Andersen partner. He played a brief role in the Enron scandal as a witness for the procecution in the case against Arthur Andersen.
Arthur Wyatt (comics) Arthur Wyatt is a writer for British comic 2000ad, creating stories mostly in the Future Shock format. Wyatt was also selected as one of 2005's five best new comic book writers, contributing to the 2000AD Winter Special.
Arthur Yager Arthur Yager (born October 29, 1858 in Henry County, Kentucky, died December 24, 1941 in Pewee Valley, Kentucky) served as Governor of Puerto Rico from 1913 to 1921. A Democrat, he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson, who had been a classmate when both attended Johns Hopkins University.
Arthur Yap Arthur Yap (Chinese: 叶纬雄; 1943-June 19, 2006) was arguably the finest poet to emerge from Singapore. He was educated at the University of Singapore and the University of Leeds in England, and obtained his PhD from the National University of Singapore.
Arthur Young Arthur Young (September 11, 1741 - April 12*, 1820) was an English writer on agriculture, economics and social statistics. [See John Gazely's biography to see a discussion of Young's death, often mistakenly dated to April 20.
Arthur Zarden Arthur Heinrich Ludwig Zarden (born 27 April 1885 in Hamburg; died 18 January 1944 in Berlin) was a leading personality in German tax legislation and for a short time State Secretary in the Reich Finance Ministry.
Arthur Zimmermann Arthur Zimmermann (October 5, 1864 - June 6, 1940) was Germany's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from November 22, 1916, until his resignation on August 6, 1917. His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War I.
Arthur's Missing Pal Arthur's Missing Pal is a computer-animated film based on a traditionally-animated series Arthur and Arthur books by Marc Brown. It was released theatrically in select cities on July 1, 2006 by Lionsgate and Kidtoon Films.
Arthur, Ontario Arthur is a village in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada, located west of Orangeville on County Road 109, as well as southeast of Mount Forest and northwest of Fergus on Wellington Road 6. The population of Arthur is approximately 2,000.
Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (20 September, 1486 St Swithin's Priory, Winchester– 2 April, 1502 Ludlow Castle) was the eldest son of Henry VII of England. Henry named his eldest son Arthur after the hero of Arthurian legend, partly as a sign of his hopes for a rebirth of English greatness (although the legendary King Arthur was not English), and partly to emphasise the Tudor family's links to Wales.
Arthur: The Quest for Excalibur Arthur: The Quest for Excalibur is an interactive fiction computer game written by Bob Bates and published by Infocom in 1989. Typically for an Infocom title, it was released for many popular computer platforms of the time, such as the Macintosh, PC, and the Apple II series.
Arthurian Total War Arthurian Total War (abbreviated as "ATW" is a mod to the expansion pack of Rome Total War: Barbarian Invasions. The mod takes place in the so called "Dark Ages", the period after the Romans had left Great Britain, during the invasions of the German peoples such as the Saxons and Angles.
Arthus reaction In immunology, the Arthus reaction is a type of local type III hypersensitivity reaction. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex mediated, and involve the deposition of an antigen/antibody complex mainly in the vascular walls, serosa (pleura, pericardium, synovium), and glomeruli.
ArtHeart Community Art Centre ArtHeart Community Art Centre or simply ArtHeart is an organization from Regent Park that seeks to "provide an open, supportive environment that uses the arts to foster creative thinking, self-reliance and entrepreneurship."
Arti Arti () is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Artinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated on the river Artya at the confluence with the Ufa River, 203 km southwest of Yekaterinburg and 62 km southeast of Krasnoufimsk.
Artic Software In the early 1980s, Artic Software, also known as Artic Computing was a software development company based in Brandesburton near Hull, responsible for various ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC computer games. The company was set up by Richard Turner and Chris Thornton - the name ARTIC being made up their initials.
Articella The Articella is a collection of medical treatises bounded together in one volume that was used mainly as textbook and reference manual between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries. In medieval times, several versions of this anthology circulated in manuscript form among medical students.
Article (grammar) An article is usually a word that is next to a noun or any word that modifies a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Morphemes (affixes) filling the same functions as such grammatical words are also often referred to as articles (See examples from Romanian and Swedish below).
Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia guarantees Malaysian citizens the right to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of association. Unlike comparable provisions in constitutional law such as the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Article 10 entitles citizens to such freedoms as are not restricted by the government, instead of absolutely guaranteeing those freedoms.
Article 12 Article 12 was a youth-led children's rights organisation based in England. Its main aim was to ensure the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child UNCRC in the United Kingdom which states;
Article 14 Direction An Article 14 Direction is a term used in British planning law for a directive issued by the British Government which prevents a Local Planning Authority granting planning permission for a specific proposal. It has no time limit, so remains in force until explicitly lifted.
Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia grants the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or King of Malaysia, responsibility for safeguarding the rights and privileges of the Malay and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia, collectively referred to as Bumiputra. The article specifies how the federal government may protect the interest of these groups by establishing quotas for entry into the civil service, public scholarships and public education.
Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia defines various terms used in the Constitution. It has an important impact on Islam in Malaysia and the Malay people due to its definition of a Malay person under clause 2.
Article 181 (Criminal Code of Belarus) Article 181 is an article of the criminal code of Belarus which forbids trafficking in people. Passed in 2001, the specific wording in Article 181 states that performing actions to "turning over or obtaining a dependent person" is considered human trafficking and deemed illegal.
Article 200 Article 200 (Articolul 200 in Romanian) was a controversial section of Romania's Penal Code that criminalised homosexual relationships. It was introduced during the regime of dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, and remained in force until it was repealed by the Năstase government on 22 June 2001.
Article 301 (Turkish penal code) Article 301 is a controversial article of the Turkish penal code, taking effect on June 1, 2005, and introduced as part of a package of penal-law reform in the process preceding the opening of negotations for Turkish membership of the European Union (EU), in order to bring Turkey up to EU standards.Turkey's new penal code touches raw nerves EurActiv 2 June 2005, updated 14 November 2005.
Article 370 Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which is of a temporary nature grants special status to Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 virtually made Jammu and Kashmir a country within a country, with its own flag, emblem, constitution and Sadr-i-Riyasat (Head of State).
Article 48 (Weimar Constitution) Article 48 was a measure in the constitution of the Weimar Republic of Germany (1919–1933) that allowed the Chancellor to rule by decree without the consent of the Reichstag (parliament). Legislation passed under this article of the constitution was referred to as Notverordnung (emergency decree).
Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution placed limitations on the political rights of Soviet citizens. While the rest of the constitution theoretically assured the public freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of press these rights were rendered less meaningful by the reservation of article 6 that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the "leading and guiding force of the Soviet society".
Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code was the codification of a traditional rule prohibiting marriage between men and women who have the same surname and ancestral home. On 16 July 1997, the Constitutional Court of Korea ruled the article unconstitutional.
Article Five of the United States Constitution Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution may be altered. Such amendments may be proposed by the United States Congress or by a national convention assembled at the request of the legislatures of at least two-thirds of the several states.
Article Four Direction An Article Four Direction is made by a Local Planning Authority in the United Kingdom and confirmed by the Government. It serves to restrict Permitted Development rights, which means that a lot of the things people do to their land or houses without planning permission and often take for granted, are brought into the realms of planning consent.
Article I and Article III tribunals In the United States, a federal court or tribunal can be classified as either an Article I tribunal or an Article III tribunal, in reference to the article of the Constitution from which the tribunal's authority stems.
Article One of the United States Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution states the establishment of the legislative branch of the United States government, known as the Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Article establishes the manner of election and qualifications of members of each House.
Article Three of the United States Constitution Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. The judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court of the United States along with lower federal courts established pursuant to legislation by Congress.
Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland Article 2 and Article 3 of the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) were adopted with the constitution as a whole in 1937, but completely revised by means of the Nineteenth Amendment which took full effect in 1999. As amended they grant the right to be "part of the Irish Nation" to all of those born on the island of Ireland and express a desire for the peaceful political unification of the island subject to the consent of the people of Northern Ireland.
Articles Declaratory of the Constitution of the Church of Scotland The Articles Declaratory of the Constitution of the Church of Scotland – often known as the Declaratory Articles - were drawn up early in the 20th century to facilitate the union of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. The "declaratory" nature of the Articles means that they are intended to define or "declare" a status that already existed, but explicitly spelt out for the avoidance of doubt.
Articles of Association The Articles of Association were petitions of grievances against Great Britain by the Thirteen Colonies and a compact among them to collectively impose economic sanctions to pressure a resolution. The Articles were drafted by the First Continental Congress in 1774 and were an important formative document in the history of the United States that perhaps hastened the American Revolution, though they were intended instead to alter Britain's policies towards the colonies without severing allegiance.
Articles of Association (law) The Articles of Association of a company, often simply referred to as the Articles, are the regulations governing the relationships between the shareholders and directors of the company and between the shareholders, and are a requirement for the establishment of a company under the law of the United Kingdom and many other countries. Together with the Memorandum of Association they form the constitution of a company.
Articles of Capitulation of Montreal The Articles of Capitulation of Montreal were agreed upon between the Governor General of New France, Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, and Major-General Jeffrey Amherst on behalf of the French and British crowns. They were signed on September 8, 1760 in the British camp before the city of Montreal.
Articles of Capitulation of Quebec The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec were agreed upon between Jean-Baptiste-Nicolas-Roch de Ramezay, Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, and General George Townshend on behalf the French and British crowns during the Seven Years' War. They were signed on September 18, 1759.
Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document, or constitution, of the United States of America. It was written in summer 1776 and adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, after a year of debate.
Articles of Faith Articles of faith are formal creeds, or lists of beliefs, sometimes numbered, and often beginning with "We believe...", which attempt to more or less define the fundamental theology of a given religion and/or church.
Articles of Faith (band) Articles of Faith were a highly influential Chicago based hardcore punk band (1981-1985) notable for song-writing in a class above most of their contemporaries (and successors). The band's later work, the posthumous In This Life LP in particular, either founds or foreshadows the emo amd emocore sound.
Articles of Federation In the fictional Star Trek universe, the Articles of Federation is the constitution of the United Federation of Planets. The Articles of Federation were signed and ratifed on Earth (after much negotiation, most of which took place on the planet Babel) by the Humans/Terrans, Vulcan, Andorian, and Tellarites governments in the year 2161.
Articles of impeachment The articles of impeachment are the set of charges drafted against a public official to initiate the impeachment process. The articles of impeachment do not result in the removal from office, but instead require the enacting body to take further action, such as bringing the articles to a vote before the full body.
Articles of Incorporation The Articles of Incorporation (sometimes also referred to as the Certificate of Incorporation or the Corporate Charter) are the primary rules governing the management of a corporation, and are filed with a state or other regulatory agency.
Articles of Organization The Articles of Organization is a document similar to the articles of incorporation, outlining the primary rules governing a limited liability company. It is a necessary document for setting up a LLC in many US states.
Articles of Partnership Articles of Partnership is a voluntary contract between two or among more than two persons to place their capital, labor, and skills in business with the understanding that there will be a sharing of the profits and losses between/among partners.
Articles of Religion (Methodist) The Articles of Religion are an official doctrinal statement of American Methodism. Adapted by John Wesley from the Thirty-Nine Articles of Anglicanism, they are found in paragraph 103 of The United Methodist Book of Discipline and have remained relatively unchanged since 1808 (save for a few additional articles added in later years).
Articles of the Church of Christ The "Articles of the Church of Christ" was a revelation purportedly given by God to Oliver Cowdery in the early history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The original Articles were never included in the Mormon canon; however, the language of much of the Articles found its way into various sections of the Book of Commandments and the Doctrine and Covenants, such as D&C 20.
Articular The articular is a bone in the lower jaw of most tetrapods, including reptiles, birds, and amphibians, but has become a middle ear bone (the malleus) in mammals. It is the site of articulation between the lower jaw and the skull, and is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular.
Articular disk The articular disk (or disc) is a thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage present in several joints which separates synovial cavities. This separation of the cavity space allows for separate movements to occur in each space.
Articular tubercle The anterior root of the posterior end of the outer surface of the Squama temporalis, continuous with the lower border, is short but broad and strong; it is directed medialward and ends in a rounded eminence, the articular tubercle (eminentia articularis).
Articulate sign In astrology, an articulate sign is a sign of the zodiac that facilitates speaking and other forms of communication, such as Gemini, Virgo, Libra, Sagittarius and Aquarius. These signs are intensely communicative and vocal, which is why they have been allocated that association.
Articulate sound Articulate sounds are those which express the letters, syllables, etc, of any alphabet, or language. Non-humans cannot form articulate sounds, cannot articulate the sounds of their voice, excepting some few birds, as the parrot, magpie, etc.
Articulated bus Articulated buses, also known as bendy buses or accordion buses in the US and UK, have an increased passenger capacity. Found almost exclusively in public transportation use, these buses are approximately 18 m (60 ft), while regular buses are 11 to 14 m (35-45 ft).
Articulated car Articulated cars are rail vehicles which are much longer than single passenger cars because they combine a number of smaller, lighter cars which are semi-permanently attached to each other and which share common trucks.
Articulated vehicle An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent pivoting joint in its construction, allowing the vehicle to turn more sharply. There are many kinds of articulated vehicles, from heavy equipment to buses and trains.
Articulation (education) In education, articulation or more specifically course articulation, refers to the process of comparing the content of courses that are transferred between postsecondary institutions such as colleges or universities. In other words, course articulation is the process by which one institution matches its courses or requirements to course work completed at another institution.
Articulation (music) In music an articulation is a sign, direction, or performance technique which indicates or affects the transition or continuity between notes or sounds. Articulations include ties, slurs, phrase marks, staccati, staccatissimi, accents, sforzandi, rinforzandi, and legati.
Articulation (sociology) In sociology, articulation labels the process by which particular classes appropriate cultural forms and practices for their own use. The term appears to have originated from the work of Antonio Gramsci, specifically from his conception of superstructure.
Articulation of head of rib The Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs (costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebræ and with the intervertebral fibrocartilages between them; the first, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth ribs each articulate with a single vertebra.
Articulation score In telecommunication, an articulation score (AS) is a subjective measure of the intelligibility of a voice system in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood over a channel perturbed by interference.
Articulator An Articulator is a mechanical device used in dentistry to which casts of the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth are fixed and reproduces recorded positions of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. An articulator assists in the fabrication of removable prosthodontic appliances (dentures), fixed prosthodontic restorations (crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays)and orthodontic appliances.
Articulatory gestures Articulatory gestures are the actions necessary to enunciate language. Examples of articulatory gestures are the hand movements necessary to enunciate sign language and the mouth movements needed to articulate speech.
Articulatory phonology Articulatory phonology is a linguistic] theory originally proposed in 1986 by Catherine Browmanof [[Haskins Laboratories] and Louis Goldsteinof [[Yale University] and Haskins. The theory identifies theoretical discrepancies between [[phonetics and phonology and aims to unify the two by treating them as low and high dimensional descriptions of a single system.

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