Encyclopedia

Australian spices Australian spices are traditionally used by Aboriginals, especially to flavour food in ground ovens. They have been recognized and used by non-indigenous Australian's since the early 1980s, with increasing gourmet use.
Australian spotted catshark The Australian spotted catshark, Asymbolus analis, is a cat shark of the family Scyliorhinidae found only around Australia between latitudes 32° S and 38° S, at depths of between 10 and 180 m. Its length is up to 90 cm.
Australian swellshark The Australian swellshark, Cephaloscyllium fasciatum, is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae found in the subtropical eastern Indian Ocean from Western Australia to New South Wales between latitudes 32° S and 44° S, from the surface to 220 m. It grows to about 1.
Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation The Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation (ASMOF) is an Australian trade union, affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions, that represents doctors who receive salaries. In Australia doctors operate as self-employed trades-people, or as salaried employees of clinics, hospitals, or other organisations.
Australian Science and Mathematics School The Australian Science and Mathematics School (or ASMS) is a coeducational public senior high school for Years 10 - 12 located in Adelaide, South Australia on the campus of Flinders University. As the school is unzoned, it attracts students from all across the Adelaide metropolitan area as well as some regional locations, in addition to international students.
Australian Sea Lion The Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea) is a species of sea lion that breeds only on the south coast of Australia. Today there are about 12,000 Australian Sea Lions following the introduction of the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act of 1972 which prohibited a harvest that began in earnest as soon as Europeans colonised the continent.
Australian Secret Intelligence Service The Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) is the Australian government intelligence agency responsible for collecting foreign intelligence, undertaking counter-intelligence activities and cooperation with other intelligence agencies overseas. ASIS is equivalent to the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) or the United States' Central Intelligence Agency.
Australian Securities and Investments Commission The Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC) is an independent Australian government body that acts as Australia's corporate regulator. ASIC's role is to enforce and regulate company and financial services laws to protect Australian consumers, investors and creditors.
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) is the domestic security agency of Australia which is responsible for the protection of the country and its citizens from espionage, sabotage (especially sabotage of critical infrastructure), politically motivated violence, attacks on the Australian defence system, and acts of foreign interference.
Australian Services Union The Australian Municipal, Administrative, Clerical and Services Union, which operates under the trading name of the Australian Services Union or ASU, is a trade union that represents members in a variety of industries.
Australian Sharpie The Australian Sharpie is a 3-person sailing dinghy which has evolved from the 12-square-metre class sailed in the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Australian Sharpies are 19 feet, 11 3/4 inches long, with a planinghull and a single mast.
Australian Shelduck The Australian Shelduck, Tadorna tadornoides is a shelduck, a group of large goose-like birds which are part of the bird family Anatidae, which also includes the swans, geese and ducks. The Anatidae article should be referred to for an overview of this group of birds.
Australian Shepherd The Australian Shepherd is a working dog that was developed in the United States in the 19th century. The dog, commonly known as an Aussie, is popular in its native California and is growing in popularity in countries across the world.
Australian Shield The Australian Shield, also called the Western Australian Shield or Western Plateau, occupies more than half of the continent of Australia. It occupies the portion of Australia west of a line running north-south roughly from the eastern shore of Arnhem Land on the Bay or Gulf of Carpentaria to the Eyre Peninsula in the state of South Australia, and skirting to the west of the Simpson Desert in the interior.
Australian School of Pacific Administration The Australian School of Pacific Administration (ASOPA) was a tertiary institution established by the Australian Government to train administrators and later school teachers to work in Papua New Guinea. It became the International Training Institute (ITI) in 1973 and provided management training for professionals from developing countries in the Pacific, Asia, Africa and the Caribbean.
Australian Six The Australian Six was an Australian automobile manufactured from 1919 to 1930. It was a grandiose attempt to compete against imported cars from the United States, and was produced from a mixture of local and imported parts.
Australian Society of Section Car Operators Inc The Australian Society of Section Car Operators Inc, is an accredited railway operator that seeks access to railways for its members. It is a non profit organisation, registered under the Associations Incorporations Act (SA) for Section-car enthusiasts.
Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology Based in Glen Osmond, South Australia, the Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology (ASVO) is a non-political organisation that was founded in 1980 to serve the interests of practising winemakers and viticulturists by encouraging the exchange of technical information. It publishes the Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research and has over 1,300 individual and corporate members.
Australian Soft Drinks Association The Australian Beverages Council, also known as the Australian Soft Drinks Association is an industry group that represents the interests of Australian manufacturers, importers and distributors of non-alcoholic beverages. Their headquarters is in Rosebery, New South Wales, Australia.
Australian Software Engineering Conference The Australian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC) is Australasia's leading forum for exchanging project experiences and new research results in software engineering. Established in 1986, ASWEC attracts contributions covering the whole spectrum of software engineering research and practice.
Australian Space Research Institute The Australian Space Research Institute (ASRI) came about in the early 1990s as the result of a merger between the AUSROC Launch Vehicle Development Group at Monash University in Melbourne and the Australian Space Engineering Research Association (ASERA).
Australian Special Air Service Regiment The Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) is a Special Forces regiment modelled on the original British SAS and also drawing on the traditions of the Australian World War II 'Z' Special Force commando unit, as well as the Independent Companies which were active in the South Pacific during the same period. It is based at Campbell Barracks, Swanbourne, Perth, Western Australia and is a unit of the Royal Australian Corps of Infantry, part of the Australian Defence Force.
Australian Speleological Federation Australian Speleological Federation Inc. is an Environmental Organisation, registered by the Department of the Environment and Heritage in Canberra, Australia, with the primary objective of protecting the cave and karst environment of Australia.
Australian Sports Commission The Australian Sports Commission (ASC) is the governing body responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance for sporting activity in Australia. It is an agency of the Government of Australia within the portfolio of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts.
Australian Standard Garratt The Australian Standard Garratt (ASG) was a Garratt steam engine designed in Australia during the Second World War, which was utilised on various narrow railway systems, these being Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania.
Australian Stock Horse The Australian Stock Horse (or Stockhorse), has been especially bred for Australian climatic conditions. Horses were introduced to Australia for the first time with the arrival of the First Fleet in Botany Bay in January, 1788.
Australian Stock Saddle The Australian Stock Saddle sometimes called a Poley, is a saddle now in popular use all over the world for activities that require long hours in the saddle and a secure seat. The saddle is suitable for cattle work, everyday pleasure riding, trail riding, endurance riding, polocrosse and is also used in Australian campdrafting competition.
Australian Strategic Policy Institute The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) is an Australian Government-funded think tank which was established in 2001. ASPI's role is to develop ideas on Australia's defence and strategic policy options and help inform the public on defence and strategic policy issues.
Australian String Academy The Australian String Academy (abbreviated "ASA") is an educational organisation which runs programs for string players from Australia and around the world. It was founded in 2004 by the violin professor Peter Zhang.
Australian Students Prize The Australian Students Prize (ASP) is an Australian Government prize which has been awarded annually since 1991 in order to give "national recognition to academic excellence and achievement in secondary education"Five hundred students receive the award each year, which consists of a certificate and cash prize of AU$]2000.
Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog The Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog is a breed of Dog that originated in Australia to herd Cattle. It is similar to its cousin the Australian Cattle Dog but with several differences, the most obvious being its naturally bobbed tail.
Australian Submarine Corporation The ASC, formerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1985 by a consortium of four organisations, ASC was brought under direct Government control in 2000 and the company today has over 1000 employees.
Australian Submarine Rescue Vehicle Remora The Australian Submarine Rescue Vehicle Remora (ASRV Remora) is a Remotely Operated Rescue Vehicle which has been operated by the Royal Australian Navy in support of the Royal Australian Navy Submarine Service since 1995. The ASRV Remora is a 16.
Australian Survivor Australian Survivor was a television series based on the popular American reality show Survivor. The series was filmed in November and December 2001 and aired weekly from February 13 - May 15, 2002 on Australia's Nine Network.
Australian telephone numbering plan The Australian telephone numbering plan describes the allocation of phone numbers in Australia. It has changed many times, the most recent major reorganisation by the Australian Communications Authority taking place between 1994 and 1998.
Australian television Black and white television began in Australia in between 1955 and 1957, with colour television being introduced generally to the country in 1975 to 1976, in time for the Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. Television which is broadcast in Australia contains a wide of range of shows of both local (Australian made) and imported shows from overseas, both on Free-to-air television and pay television (cable television and satellite television).
Australian tort law Tort law in Australia includes the body of precedents and, to a lesser extent, legislation, which together define the operation of tort law in Australia. A tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract.
Australian Taxation Office The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is the Australian government agency that collects taxes and enforces taxation legislation (except customs and external revenues, which are handled by the Australian Customs Service).
Australian Technical Colleges Australian Technical Colleges are an Australian Government initiative for secondary year 11 and 12 students to meet skill shortages which Australia currently faces in traditional trades, for example those in the past met through the apprenticeship system.
Australian Technology Park The Australian Technology Park (ATP) is a business and technology centre in Eveleigh, an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located about 3 kms south of the Sydney central business district, close to Redfern railway station spread over 13.
Australian Telecommunications Commission The Australian Telecommunications Commission, trading as Telecom Australia, was established on July 1, 1975 after the disaggregation of the Postmaster-General's Department. It was renamed to the Australian Telecommunications Corporation in 1989.
Australian Telecommunications Corporation The Australian Telecommunications Corporation was the result of a name change by the Australian Telecommunications Commission, effective 1 January 1989, although formal incorporation did not occur until 6 November 1991. Like the Commission, the Corporation also traded under the name of Telecom Australia.
Australian Test cricket umpires This is a list of those people who have umpired at least one Test match in Australia between Australia and other Test cricket nations. The list is arranged in the order in which each umpire officiated in his first Test.
Australian Theatre for Young People Australian Theatre for Young People (ATYP) is Australia's flagship youth theatre company and the largest youth theatre in the world. Over 6000 young people aged between three and 26 participate in the company's work across Australia.
Australian Total Diet Survey The Australian Total Diet Survey, formerly known as the Australian Market Basket Survey, is a comprehensive assessment of consumers' dietary exposure (intake) to pesticide residues, contaminants and other substances.
Australian Touring Car Championship The Australian Touring Car Championship is a touring car racing award held in Australia since 1960. In the early years, the prize was awarded to the winner of a single race, but more recently it is awarded to a series champion.
Australian Trade Commission The Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is an Australian government agency that aims to assist Australian businesses in entering overseas export markets, and in doing so boost the national economy. It is a statutory authority under the portfolio of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Australian Trade Practices Commission The Australian Trade Practices Commission was the agency responsible for monitoring and enforcement activities under the Trade Practices Act 1974. It was replaced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission in 1995.
Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) is an Australian government agency, established in 1989 under the Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988.Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988, at ComLaw Certain classes of financial transactions must be reported to AUSTRAC, in particular bank cash transactions (ie.
Australian Transport Network Limited The former Tasmanian Government Railways lines, which had been incorporated into Australian National as TasRail, were sold to the Australian Transport Network Limited, a partnership of Tranz Rail and Wisconsin Central Railway, when the Australian National Railways Commission was broken up in November 1997. Australian Transport Network was acquired by Pacific National in 2004, following the takeover of Tranz Rail by Toll Holdings.
Australian Tri-Series The Commonwealth Bank Series, the current naming rights sponsor of the Australian Tri-Series refers to the international cricket tournament held since 1979 between the home side and two touring teams, in the height of the Australian cricket season, i.e.
Australian ufology Australian Ufology refers to a historical series of Australian events and or activities pertaining to Government departments, civilian groups or individual Australians, which centre on or around the study of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) reports, sightings, encounters and other related phenomena, known as Ufology within the Australian context before 1982.
Australian University Games The Australian University Games is a multi-sport competition held annually in September / October between teams fielded from a large number of Australian universities and tertiary institutions. The Games were first held in 1993 in Brisbane, Queensland.
Australian vehicle number plates Australian vehicle number plates are issued by the states, territories, and also the Commonwealth government and the armed forces. The plates are associated with a vehicle and generally last for the vehicle's on-road life, though as they become unreadable (or for other reasons) they may be recalled or replaced with newer ones.
Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee The Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee is an organisation founded in Sydney in May 1920, which attempts to advance higher education through voluntary, cooperative and coordinated action. After being based for a time in both Sydney and Melbourne, its offices relocated to Canberra in 1966.
Australian Volunteers International Australian Volunteers International or AVI is a not-for-profit international volunteering recruitment agency in Australia. It places Australian and New Zealand volunteers to live alongside people of other cultures to work towards the sustainable development of those communities.
Australian weasel shark The Australian weasel shark, Hemigaleus australiensis, is a weasel shark of the family Hemigaleidae, found in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific including Australia, at depths of between 12 and 170 m. Its length is up to 1.
Australian wine The Australian wine industry is the 6th largest in the world, exporting over 400,000,000 litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" wine-producing countries such as France, Italy and Germany. There is also a significant domestic market for Australian wines, with Australians consuming over 400,000,000 litres of wine per year .
Australian women's cricket team The Australian women's cricket team played their first Test match in 1934/5, when they lost to England two-nil in a three-Test series. Since then they have improved and are generally considered the best women's cricket team in the world.
Australian work boots Australian work boots (or generically elastic-sided boots) are a unique style of work shoe, typically constructed with a leather upper bound together with elastic sides and pull tabs on the front and back of the boot. The shoe lacks a tongue, and laces, and sometimes contains a steel toe cap for occupational health and safety reasons.
Australian Water Dragon The Australian Water Dragon, Physignathus lesueurii, is an arboreal agamid species native to Eastern Australia from Victoria north to Queensland, there is also a small population in the South-East coast of the State of South Australia.
Australian Western Railroad Australian Western Railroad (AWR) is the name of the private entity that purchased the Westrail freight business from the State Government of Western Australia. The sale took place in the year 2000 for the price of A$585 million dollars.
Australian White Ensign The Royal Australian Navy Ensign is the ensign flown by ships of the Royal Australian Navy, correctly known as the Australian White Ensign or AWE. The ensign is based on the Australian national flag, which is flown in HMA Ships and Submarines as a jack, with the field changed to white and the Commonwealth Star and southern cross in blue.
Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation, or AWBC, is an Australian Government authority that promotes and regulates the Australian wine and brandy industry. It was created in 1981 to replace the Australian Wine Board.
Australian Wine Research Institute The Australian Wine Research Institute, established in 1955, is owned by the country’s wine industry and is funded by grape growers and wineries with matching funds from the federal government. Its mission is "to advance the competitive edge of the Australian wine industry through the delivery of world class research, development, extinsion and service.
Australian Women's Army Service The Australian Women's Army Service or "AWAS" were a (non medical) women's service established on 13 August 1941 to "release men from certain military duties for employment in fighting units".
Australian Women's Land Army The Australian Women's Land Army (AWLA) was an organization created in World War II in Australia to combat rising labour shortages in the farming sector. The AWLA was formed on 27 July 1942 and was modelled on Women's Land Army in Great Britain.
Australian Women's Weekly The Australian Women's Weekly, published by Australian Consolidated Press (part of PBL), is a monthly women's magazine published in Australia and sold mainly in Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, it is commonly known as "The Weekly".
Australian Wood Frog The Australian Wood Frog (Rana daemeli), also commonly known as the Wood Frog, is the only species from the family Ranidae that occurs in Australia. The species in restricted to the rainforest of northern Queensland, the eastern border of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory and much of New Guinea.
Australian Workers' Union The Australian Workers' Union (AWU) is one of Australia's largest and oldest trade unions. It traces its origins to unions founded in the pastoral and mining industries in the 1880s, and currently has approximately 118,000 members according to its most recent return to the Australian Industrial Relations Commission.
Australian Workplace Agreement An Australian Workplace Agreement (AWA) is an individual written agreement on terms and conditions of employment between an employer and employee in Australia, under the Workplace Relations Act 1996. An AWA can override employment conditions in state or territory laws, except for occupational health and safety, workers’ compensation or training arrangements.
Australian Writers' Guild The Australian Writers' Guild (AWG) is the professional association for all performance writers, that is, writers for film, television, radio, theatre, video and new media. The AWG was established in 1962 and is recognised throughout the industry in Australia as being the voice of performance writers.
Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development (or AYAD) is a volunteer program run by the Australian government's international development agency AusAID. It places Australian citizens aged 18-30 on short term development assignments of three to twelve months in a range of developing countries in Asia and the Pacific, including India, China, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea.
Australian Youth Orchestra The Australian Youth Orchestra (AYO) is an Australian organisation for young musicians. It operates the flagship Youth Orchestra as well as Camerata Australia, Young Australian Concert Artists and Young Symphonists.
Australian ZX Users' Association The Australian ZX Users' Association (AZUA) was an Australian computer users' group established in 1981 to support users of the Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 computers. It closed in 1986 after producing thirty-nine issues of its magazine AZUA and the Australian Sinclair Gazette.
Australians Against Further Immigration Australians Against Further Immigration is an Australian political party who are against positive net immigration. Founded in 1989 and registered in 1990 by Rodney and Robyn Spencer, they describe themselves as eco-nationalist, and claim that immigration is harmful to the environment and the existing population of Australia.
Australians for Constitutional Monarchy Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) is a non-partisan, not-for-profit organization founded in June, 1992, to defend the Australian Constitution, the role of the Crown in it, and to preserve the role of the Queen of Australia, represented by the Governor-General, as Australia's constitutional head of state. The National Council adopted the mission to preserve and defend what they perceive as Australian heritage, the constitutional system, the role of the Australian Crown in it, and the Australian flag.
Australidelphia Australidelphia is the superorder that contains roughly three-quarters of all marsupials, including all those native to Australasia and a single species from South America. (All other American marsupials are members of the Ameridelphia.
Australis (automobile) The Australis was an Australian automobile manufactured in Leichhardt, New South Wales, from 1897 to 1907. The company began production with a De Dion powered quadricycle, soon producing a 7 hp (5 kW) twin-cylinder light buggy that sold for $270.
Australo-Papuan babbler The Pomatostomidae (Australo-Papuan or Australasian babblers, also known as pseudo-babblers) are small to medium-sized birds endemic to Australia-New Guinea. All five species are ground-feeding omnivores and highly social.
Australoid Australoid is a broad racial sub-classification, no longer widely used by anthropologists, of Australasian peoples, most notably the Indigenous Australians and Melanesians. An alternative label is Australo-Melanesian.
Australopithecus The gracile australopithecines (members of the genus Australopithecus) (Latin australis "of the south", Greek pithekos "ape") are a group of extinct hominids that are closely related to humans.
Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus anamensis is a fossil species of Australopithecus. The first fossilized specimen of the species, though not recognized as such at the time, was a single arm bone found in Pliocene strata in the Kanapoi region of East Lake Turkana by a Harvard University research team in 1965.
Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus garhi is a gracile australopithecine species whose fossils were discovered in 1996 by a research team led by Ethiopian paleontologist Berhane Asfaw and including Tim White, an American paleontologist researcher. The hominin remains were initially believed to be a human ancestor species and the final missing link between the Australopithecus genus and the human genus, Homo.
Australosphenida The Australosphenida are a sub-class of mammals which has nearly entirely died out. Today, living specimen exist only in Australia and New Guinea with only five surviving species, but fossils have been found in Madagascar and Argentina.
Austrasia Austrasia formed the north-eastern portion of the Kingdom of the Merovingian Franks, comprising parts of the territory of present-day eastern France, western Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Metz served as its primary capital, although some Austrasian kings ruled from Rheims also.
Austregésilo de Athayde Austregésilo de Athayde (1898-1993) was a writer and journalist born in Caruaru, Pernambuco on September 25, 1898. His career includes being invited by Assis 'Chatô' Chateaubriand to work at a top position at the Diários Associados.
Austrelaps Austrelaps is a genus of venomous elapid snakes native to the relatively fertile temperate southern and eastern part of the Australian continent. Three species are currently recognized of which there are no subspecies.
Austrelaps labialis Austrelaps labialis is a venomous, elapid, snake species found in Australia (South Australia). It is commonly referred to as the Pygmy copperhead, but is not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix.
Austrey Austrey is a village and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England. The village is situated in the northern extremity of Warwickshire, near Newton Regis and No Man's Heath in Warwickshire, and close to the Leicestershire villages of Appleby Magna, Norton-juxta-Twycross and Orton on the Hill.
Austrfararvísur Austrfararvísur "East Journey Verses" is a skaldic poem composed by the Icelandic skald Sigvatr Þórðarson in the 1020s. Sigvatr was visiting the Norwegian king Olaf and was sent on a delegation to the Swedish king Olaf.
Austria at the 1908 Summer Olympics Austria competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England. Austrian and Hungarian results at early Olympic Games are generally kept separate despite the union of the two nations as Austria-Hungary at the time.
Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 Austria will select their participants for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with an internal selection. ORF are searching for a performance that 'appeals visually', as well as a good song and will announce their selection in January 2007
Austria national rugby league team The Austrian national rugby league team were created to continue the spread of the game of rugby league throughout Central Europe. Austria have played matches against a number of other European countries and also competed in the Central Europe Development Tri-nations in 2006 alongside Germany and Estonia.
Austria v Switzerland (1954) On June 26, 1954, in a quarterfinal match of the 1954 Football World Cup, Austria beat Switzerland 7-5 in Lausanne, Switzerland. The 12 goals scored in the match set a World Cup record, unequalled to date, for the highest scoring match ever.
Austria-Este Archduke of Austria-Este (Italian: arciduca d'Austria-Este; German: Erzherzog von Ă–sterreich-Este) and Habsburg-Este (Italian: Asburgo-Este) are a title and a surname which have been used by several cadet branches of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to denote a connection with the extinct Italian princely and feudal family of Este and the Duchy of Modena ruled by them. As a younger branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the Habsburg-Estes are also Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria, Princes and Princesses of Hungary and Bohemia.
Austrian Air Force The Austrian Air Force (de: Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte) was formed in May 1955 by the victorious Allied powers, it was formed as part of the now fully independent Austrian armed forces. Like Germany, there were some restrictions on it, like not being able to use air-to-air (AAMs) or surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) until the 1990s.
Austrian Association for Public and Social Economy [Austrian Association for Public and Social Economy (Verband der Öffentlichen Wirtschaft und Gemeinwirtschaft Österreichs (VÖWG) is the austrian] umbrella organisation as a [[lobby of enterprises and institutions of public interest, as well as establishments, which carry out services of general interest, whatever their ownership or status, also in the form of [Public-Private Partnership|PPP]]. VÖWG also acts as the Austrian section of the European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation and of Enterprises of General Economic Interest (CEEP) in Brussels as well as the International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC) in Liège/Belgium.
Austrian Civil War The Austrian Civil War, also known as the February Uprising, is a term sometimes used for a few days of skirmishes between socialist and fascist forces between 12 February and 16 February 1934 in Austria. The clashes took place principally in the cities of Vienna and Linz.
Austrian Crown Jewels The collective term Austrian Crown Jewels or insignia (German: Insignien und Kleinodien) denotes the regalia and vestments worn by the Holy Roman emperor, and later the Austrian emperor, during the coronation ceremony and at various other state functions. The term refers to the following objects: the crowns, sceptres, orbs, swords, rings, crosses, holy relics, and the royal robes, as well as several other objects connected with the ceremony itself.

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