Encyclopedia

Automatic number announcement circuit An automatic number announcement circuit (ANAC) is a special telephone number that is meant to be used by phone company technicians and other telecommunications technicians to determine the phone number of a particular line.
Automatic number plate recognition Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the licence plates on vehicles. As of 2006, systems can scan number plates at around one per second on cars travelling up to 100 mph (160 km/h).
Automatic parallelization Automatic parallelization, also auto parallelization, autoparallelization, parallelization, or //ization (shorthand), the last two of which imply automation when used in context, refers to the use of a modern optimizing parallelizing compiler to convert sequential code into multi-threaded or vectorized (or even both) code in order to utilize multiple processors simultaneously in a shared-memory multiprocessor (SMP) machine. The goal of automatic parallelization is to relieve programers from the tedious and error-prone manual parallelization process.
Automatic parking Automatic parking is an autonomous car maneuvering from a traffic lane into a parking place to perform parallel parking, perpendicular or angle parking. The automatic parking aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car.
Automatic Picture Transmission The Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) system on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites of the United States provides a reduced resolution data stream from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. It transmits the data continuously as an analogue broadcast that can be received in real-time by relatively unsophisticated, inexpensive ground station equipment while the satellite is within radio range.
Automatic Pilot Automatic Pilot was a San Francisco, California band. Born in 1980 as the first "unofficial" subgroup of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus, Automatic Pilot soon came into their own as an independent force, creating a niche at the fringe of the nascent gay musical movement and a new musical style.
Automatic Position Reporting System Automatic Position Reporting System (APRS) is an amateur radio based automatic position reporting system for tracking and digital communications, and was developed by Bob Bruninga, callsign WB4APR, at the United States Naval Academy.
Automatic Positive Airway Pressure Automatic Positive Airway Pressure abbreviated APAP, is the most advanced form of treatment for sleep apnea. An APAP machine incorporates pressure sensors and a computer which continuously monitors the patient's breathing performance.
Automatic Press / VIP Automatic Press / VIP was started in 2005 and is an independent publishing house specializing in interview books featuring prominent and influential scholars from philosophy and its broader intellectual environment.
Automatic Progression Automatic progression, commonly referred as automatic scrolling is an element in computer and video games that forces a player to work at a fixed pace. In a lot of cases, if the player cannot keep up with this pace, the player ends up losing.
Automatic quartz Automatic quartz is a collective term describing watch movements that combine a self-winding rotor mechanism (as used in automatic mechanical watches) to generate electricity with a piezoelectric quartz crystal as its timing element. Such movements aim to provide the advantages of quartz and mechanical watches.
Automatic revolver The automatic revolver is a hybrid of revolver and automatic pistol that uses the energy of firing for cocking the hammer and revolving the cylinder. The first of its kind, the Webley Fosbery automatic revolver, was marketed in 1901.
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid A maritime radar with Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
Automatic seat belts Automatic seat belts are seat belts that automatically close over riders in a car. They were created to increase safety regardless of user negligence because even when seat belts were available, people often forgot to, or choose not to, use them.
Automatic self-pollination Automatic self-pollination is a form of self-pollination in which self-pollination occurs before the flower even opens. This is most common in legumes, especially peanuts and for some varieties of peas and beans.
Automatic sounding In telecommunication, automatic sounding is the testing of selected channels or paths by providing a very brief beacon-like identifying broadcast that may be used by other stations to evaluate connectivity, propagation, and availability, and to identify known working channels for possible later use for communications or calling.
Automatic stay In bankruptcy law, an automatic stay is a measure which halts all actions by creditors to collect debts from a debtor who has declared bankruptcy. Under section 362 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, , the stay begins at the moment the bankruptcy petition is filed.
Automatic switching system In data communications, an automatic switching system is a switching system in which all the operations required to execute the three phases of information-transfer transactions are automatically executed in response to signals from a user end-instrument.
Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network (acronym AUTOSEVOCOM): A worldwide, switched, secure voice network developed to fulfill DOD long-haul, secure voice requirements. See AUTOVON for a similar, but non-secure voice system.
Automatic Storage Management Automatic Storage Management is a feature provided in Oracle 10g (since rev2) that aims to simplify the database files management. To do so, ASM provides file system and volume management capabilities directly inside the Oracle database kernel, allowing Volumes and disks management with familiar SQL statement in Oracle.
Automatic test pattern generation ATPG, or Automatic test pattern generation is an electronic design automation tool used to find an input (or test) sequence that, when applied to a digital circuit, enables testers to distinguish between the correct circuit behavior and the faulty circuit behavior caused by a particular fault. The patterns generated are used to test semiconductor devices after manufacture, and perhaps attempt to determine the cause of failure (failure analysis.
Automatic transmission An automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the car or truck moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. (Similar but larger devices are also used for railroad locomotives.
Automatic transmission system An automatic transmission system (or occasionally automated transmission system, to avoid confusion with the automatic transmission of an automobile) is an automated system designed to keep a radio transmitter and antenna system running without direct human oversight or attention for long periods.
Automatic Token Exchange Automatic Token Exchange apparatus is a device fitted to a railway locomotive to enable the exchange of a token (possession of which gives a train authority to proceed over a section of railway line) without the need to slow the train down for tokens to be exchanged manually.
Automatic Train Control Automatic Train Control (ATC) is a safety system for railways, ensuring the safe and smooth operation of trains on ATC-enabled lines. Its main advantages include making possible the use of cab signalling instead of track-side signals, and the use of smooth deceleration patterns in lieu of the rigid stops encountered with the older ATS technology.
Automatic Train Protection Automatic Train Protection (ATP) in Great Britain refers to either of two implementations of automatic train protection system installed in some trains in order to help prevent collisions through a driver's failure to observe a signal or speed restriction. Note that ATP can also refer to automatic train protection systems in general, as implemented in other parts of Europe and elsewhere.
Automatic Train Stop An automatic train stop is a system on a train that will automatically stop a train if certain situations happened (unresponsive train operator, earthquake, disconnected rail, train running over a stop signal, etc) to prevent accidents from happening. This system is required equipment on U.
Automatic vehicle location Automatic vehicle location or AVL is a means for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information to a point where it can be used. Telelocation is a synonym used in the European Union.
Automatic Vaudeville Studios Automatic Vaudeville Studios (AVS) is an underground movie collective based out of Montreal. Founded in 1998 and modeled after the golden age of Hollywood's movie studios, AVS has churned out close to 100 shorts using local artists, musicians, actors and other unpaid talent to bring their no-budget genre inspired entertainments to life.
Automatic Vehicle Tracking The term Automatic Vehicle Tracking refers to schemes, such as that proposed by the UK's Transport Secretary Alistair Darling], in which vehicle movements are subject to involuntary [[mass surveillance enabled by technology rather than through use of, for example, police officers to observe vehicle movements.
Automatic Volume Limiter Automatic Volume Limiter (AVL), or sometimes Automatic Volume Limiter System (AVLS) is an option, enabled through software or hardware, in digital music players such as MP3 players and CD players that lowers the maximum volume level as battery life is nearing its end. The goal of AVL is to stretch the overall playing time of the device for as long as possible; however, AVL may not be benificial as battery life draws very close to its end, as the maximum volume tends to go to barely audiable levels.
Automatic watch An automatic watch (also called a self-winding watch or, in Rolex movements, "perpetual") is a mechanical watch, typically with a balance wheel escapement, whose mainspring is wound by the motion of the wearer's arm, instead of having to be wound manually every day. Whereas a quartz watch is powered by electricity, a mechanical watch is powered by a mainspring which must be rewound for the watch to keep time.
Automatic weather station An automatic weather station (AWS) is an automated version of the traditional weather station, either to save human labour or to enable measurements from remote areas. The system may report in near real time via the Argos System and the Global telecommunications system, or save the data for later recovery.
Automatic writing Automatic writing is the process, or product, of writing material that does not come from the conscious thoughts of the writer. The writer's hand forms the message, and the person is unaware of what will be written.
Automatic Warning System The Automatic Warning System (AWS) is a form of limited cab signalling introduced in 1948 in the United Kingdom to help train drivers observe and obey signals. It was based on a 1930 system developed by Alfred Ernest Hudd and marketed as the “Strowger-Hudd” system.
Automatically switched optical network An automatically switched optical network (ASON) is a network based on a technology enabling the automatic delivery of transport services; specifically an ASON can deliver not only leased lines connections but also other transport services such as soft permanent and switched optical connections. A switched connection is set up and released from the management system, which uses network generated signalling and routing protocols to establish the connection.
Automation Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated), roboticizationor industrial automation or numerical control] is the use of [[control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operators. In the scope of industrialization, it is a step beyond mechanization.
Automation and Remote Control Automation and Remote Control (, Avtomatika i telemekhanika, ISSN 0005-1179) - a Russian periodical, publication of MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Press distributed in English exclusively by Springer Science. ISSN 0005-1179 (Print), ISSN 1608-3032 (Online since August 17, 2004).
Automatism (law) In the Criminal Law, automatism is a defence to liability. Except in the case of strict liability offences, a crime must contain two elements: the actus reus or "guilty act", and the mens rea or "guilty mind".
Automatix (tool) Automatix is a Linux-based tool which automates the addition of applications, codecs, fonts and libraries not provided directly by the software repositories of the Ubuntu and Mepis distributions for legal or philosophical reasons.
Automeccanica Automeccanica was a Greek automobile producing company. Founded in 1981, it was one of the companies that produced the "passenger-uitlity" type of vehicle popular in Greece at the time for tax categorization reasons.
Automeris io The Io moth (Automeris io) is a very colorful North American moth in the Saturniidae family. It ranges from the southeast corner of Manitoba and in the southern extremes of Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick in Canada, and in the US it is found from North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, and east of those states.
Automobile ancillary power Several different methods of automobile ancillary power exist. The ultimate source of power for most of them is the automobile's main power source—normally an internal combustion engine of some kind—but some way of transferring power to the vehicle's ancillary systems is required.
Automobile Alley Automobile Alley is an urban neighborhood in Oklahoma City, located roughly along North Broadway Avenue in Downtown Oklahoma City. The neighborhood was a popular retail district in the 1920s and was home to most of the city's car dealerships.
Automobile Club de l'Ouest The Automobile Club de l'Ouest (Automobile Club of the West - referring to the western region of France), sometimes abbreviated to ACO, is the largest automotive group in France. It was founded in 1906 by car building and racing enthusiasts, and is most famous for being the organising entity behind the annual Le Mans 24 Hours race.
Automobile Club of Southern California The Automobile Club of Southern California was founded December 13, 1900 in Los Angeles as one of the nation's first motor clubs dedicated to improving roads, proposing traffic laws and improvement of overall driving conditions.
Automobile emissions control Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the air pollution-causing emissions produced by automobiles. Exhaust emissions control systems were first required on 1966 model year vehicles produced for sale in the state of California, followed by the United States as a whole in model year 1968.
Automobile industry of the Soviet Union The automobile industry in the Soviet Union is unique amongst automobile industries in the world. Until the October Revolution, very few Russians could afford cars - the only (if few) cars that were around were imported into Russia from other countries, and even then the Czar and his family owned most of them.
Automobile Journalists Association of Canada The Automobile Journalists Association of Canada (AJAC) is an association of professional journalists, writers and photographers whose focus is the automobile and the automotive industry in Canada. Since 1985 AJAC has held an annual Canadian Car of the Year award.
Automobile License Plate Collectors Association The ALPCA is the Automobile License Plate Collectors Association, the largest such organization in the United States. It has spread across the world, (with the bulk of the members being in the United States or Canada, with Germany in third place).
Automobile ownership Automobile ownership is the sum of all the aspects associated with owning an automobile. In developed countries owning an automobile has become very common because it is a widely available form of transportation.
Automobile safety Automobile safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, some for the safety of others.
Automoblox Automoblox is a brand name of an educational wooden car construction toy designed by Patrick Calello and produced by Automoblox Company, LLC of Roseland, New Jersey. The toy consists of wooden car body sections with patented plastic interconnects, polycarbonate wheels and rubber tyres, plastic passengers and polycarbonate screens.
Automorphic form In mathematics, the general notion of automorphic form is the extension to analytic functions, perhaps of several complex variables, of the theory of modular forms. It is in terms of a Lie group G, to generalise the groups SL_{2}( mathbb R) or PSL_{2}( mathbb R) of modular forms, and a discrete group Gamma in G, to generalise the modular group, or one of its congruence subgroups.
Automorphism In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure.
Automotive aerodynamics Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. The main concerns of automotive aerodynamics are reducing drag, reducing wind noise, and preventing undesired lift forces at high speeds.
Automotive Cluster of Wallonia The Automotive Cluster of Wallonia is the official cluster of the automotive industry in Wallonia (south part of Belgium). The goal of the cluster is to promote the complementarities between wallonian companies, and with the support provided to R&D centres, to launch new activities and innovative products in line with the expectations of the automotive industry.
Automotive Components Holdings Automotive Components Holdings, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Company, formed by the 2005 transfer of a number of automotive components factories from Visteon Corporation to Ford Motor Company.
Automotive design Automotive design is the profession involved in the development of motor vehicles or more specifically road vehicles. This most commonly refers to automobiles but also refers to motorcycles, trucks, buses, coaches, and vans.
Automotive Design and Development Automotive Design and Development Ltd (ADD) was an English company that was responsible for the creation of the futuristic-looking Nova. The company was based in Southampton from 1971 to 1973 after which it moved to Accrington, Lancashire until 1975.
Automotive engineering Automotive engineering is a branch of Mechanical Engineering, incorporating elements of Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronic Engineering, Software Engineering and Safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.
Automotive Hall of Fame The Automotive Hall of Fame is a hall of fame for notable figures in the development of the automobile industry. Founded in 1939, the group opened a permanent museum in Midland, Michigan, United States, in 1971.
Automotive lighting The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to provide illumination by which for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the conspicuity of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel and intended travel, and brake status.
Automotive Network Exchange The Automotive Network eXchange (ANX) is the private network or extranet that was initially setup and maintained by the big three automakers, General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. It was built as a private network for the auto industry around 1995 to provide consistent, reliable speed and guaranteed security for data transmissions between the automakers and the companies that they do business with.
Automotive restoration Automobile restoration is the process of returning a car to essentially the same condition that it was in when it left the factory at time of manufacture. It should include not only the parts that can be seen – the body, the trim, the chrome, the wheels, the dash board and accessories and the passenger’s compartment – but the parts that are not necessarily visible or otherwise evident, including the engine and the engine compartment, the trunk, the frame, the driveline, and all ancillary parts like the brakes, accessories, engine cooling system, etc.
Automotive shredder residue The shredding of automobiles and major household appliances is a process where a hammermill acts as a giant tree chipper by grinding the materials fed into it to fist-size pieces. The shredding of automobiles results in a mixture of ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal (e.
Automotive software Automotive software is a software driving a microcontroller within automobiles. These Microcontrollers are usually specific to Automotive application usually containing integrated Bus Transceivers interfaces for Bus Systems like LIN, CAN, MOST, LAN among others.
Automotive Service Excellence National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) is a professional certification group that certifies professionals in the automotive repair and service industry. It is an independent, non-profit organization created in 1972 in response to consumers need to distinguish between incompetent and competent auto mechanics.
Automotive vacuum tube amplifier Vacuum tube radios and amplifiers were used in automobiles until being displaced by transistorized radios. This shift occurred for the same reasons as in almost all other electronic devices: transistors are smaller, cooler, cheaper, more durable, use less power and are ready to operate much quicker.
Automotrice à grande vitesse The AGV is an experimental successor to France’s TGV high-speed trains; the name stands for automotrice à grande vitesse , or ‘high-speed self-propelled carriage’. Investigations are being conducted to produce trains at the same costs as existing TGVs, with the same safety standards.
Auton The Autons are an artificial life form from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, and adversaries of the Doctor. First appearing in Jon Pertwee's first serial as the Doctor, Spearhead from Space in 1970, they were the first monsters on the show to be presented in colour.
Auton trilogy The Auton trilogy is a series of direct-to-video spin-off productions based on the long running BBC science fiction series Doctor Who. The three films in the series are Auton (1997), Auton 2: Sentinel (1998) and Auton 3 (1999).
Autonegotiation Autonegotiation (formerly NWay) is an Ethernet procedure by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters, such as speed and duplex mode. In this process, the connected devices first share their capabilities as for these parameters and then choose the fastest transmission mode they both support.
Autonomation Autonomation describes a feature of machine design to effect the principle of "Jidoka" used in the Toyota Production System. Autonomation, or Jidoka, may also be described as "intelligent automation'" or "automation with a human touch.
Autonomedia Autonomedia is one of the main North American publishers of radical theoretical works, especially in the anarchist and ultra-left marxist tradition. For many years Autonomedia was linked with the press Semiotext(e), which was one of the major sources for English language translations of post-structuralist literature, especially in the 1980s.
Autonomia Operaia Autonomia Operaia was an Italian extra-parliamentary leftist movement particularly active from 1976 to 1978. It emerged in 1972 not as a party but rather as a place of encounter among various extra-parliamentary and revolutionary left-wing tendencies opposed to reformism.
Autonomic ganglion Autonomic ganglia are clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.
Autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS) (or visceral nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls homeostasis or the constancy of the « milieu intérieur » (the content of tissues in gasses, ions and nutrients). It does so mostly by controlling cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory functions.
Autonomic Networking Autonomic Networking follows the concept of Autonomic Computing, an initiative started by IBM in 2001. Its ultimate aim is to create self-managing networks to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of the Internet and other networks and to enable their further growth, far beyond the size of today.
Autonomist candidate In a Canadian federal by-election held on 31 March 1947 in the riding of Cartier in Quebec, Paul Massé ran as a left-wing Autonomist candidate. The by-election was called after the former Member of Parliament (MP), Communist Fred Rose, had been expelled from Parliament after being convicted of espionage under the Official Secrets Act.
Autonomous agent An autonomous agent is a system situated in, and part of, an environment, which senses that environment, and acts on it, over time, in pursuit of its own agenda. This agenda evolves from drives (or programmed goals).
Autonomous areas of China In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union's titular nations, a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as autonomous within the People's Republic of China (PRC). These areas are recognized in the PRC's constitution and are given a number of rights not accorded to other administrative divisions.
Autonomous Action Autonomous Action, Avtonomnoe Deystvie, (AD) is a revolutionary anarchist federation in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine that was founded in January 2002. AD is comprised of anarcho-communists, syndicalists, autonomist-marxists, and radical ecologists.
Autonomous building An autonomous building is a building designed to be operated independently from infrastructural support services such as the electric power grid, municipal water systems, sewage treatment systems, storm drains, communication services, and in some cases public roads.
Autonomous consumption Autonomous consumption is a term used to describe consumption expenditure that occurs when income levels are zero. Such consumption is considered autonomous of income only when expenditure on these consumables does not vary with changes in income.
Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna, Аутономна Покрајина Западна Босна) existed in the territory of present day Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995 as a result of several factors during the Bosnian War. The capital city of Western Bosnia was Velika Kladuša (located in territory of present day Una-Sana Canton).
Autonomous regions of Portugal The two Autonomous Regions of Portugal (Portuguese: Regiões Autónomas de Portugal) are the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores) and Madeira (Região Autónoma da Madeira). Together with Continental Portugal (Portugal Continental), they form the whole of the Portuguese Republic.
Autonomous republic A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. Many of these republics were established during the Soviet period as Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, or ASSRs.
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (abbreviated ARMM) is the region of the Philippines that is composed of all the Philippines' predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Shariff Kabunsuan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi, and the Philippines' only predominantly Muslim city, the Islamic City of Marawi. It is the only region that has its own government.
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election, 2001 In 2001 a new law was passed for the expansion of the ARMM to include the areas which initially rejected inclusion and the provinces which were carved from them, however only Marawi City and Basilan with the exception of Isabela City opted to be integrated in the region.
Autonomous system (Internet) In the Internet, an autonomous system (AS) is a collection of IP networks and routers under the control of one entity (or sometimes more) that presents a common routing policy to the Internet. See RFC 1930 for additional detail on this updated definition.
Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship (1920-1945) - an autonomous voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic created as a result of popular plebiscite 1921, 3 Silesian Uprisings and partition of Upper Silesia between Poland, Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
Autonomous State Demand Committee Autonomous State Demand Committee, originally the Peoples Democratic Front, was set-up as a mass organization of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation in order to fight for statehood for the Karbi Anlong region in the Indian state Assam. Several elections to the Lok Sabha and the District Council were won under ASDC banner.
Autonomous University of Madrid The Autonomous University of Madrid () commonly known by its Spanish initials UAM or as "la Autónoma" is a Spanish Public University established in 1968, along with the Autonomous Universities of Barcelona and Bilbao (now University of the Basque Country) in the frame of one of Spain’s most ambitious educational reforms, which took place during the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Since 1971, the university's main campus has been located in Cantoblanco, a rural area in the northern outskirts of Madrid, and, despite of being part of the Municipality of Madrid, the campus is nearer the Towns of Alcobendas and Tres cantos.
Autonomous work group In business management, an autonomous work group is a group encouraged to manage its own work and working practices. The concept of an autonomous work group was developed by Eric Trist at the Tavistock Institute in London, England after the end of World War II.
Autonomy Autonomy (Greek: Auto-Nomos - nomos meaning "law": one who gives oneself his own law) means freedom from external authority. Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical philosophy.
Autonomy & Solidarity Autonomy & Solidarity is a Canadian, radical left, network of collectives and activists who publish the journal Upping the Anti. Through a autonomist Marxist and anarchist analysis, members of Autonomy & Solidarity feel that a revolutionary transformation of society will come as a result of the working class and oppressed people self-organizing a "socialism from below," autonomous of hierarchical state, party, or bureaucratic unionist forms of organization.
Autonomy Corporation Autonomy Corporation plc () is an enterprise software company based in Cambridge, United Kingdom and San Francisco, USA. It develops a variety of knowledge management applications using adaptive pattern recognition techniques centered on mathematical Bayesian analysis.
Autonomy Liberty Democracy Autonomy Liberty Democracy (French: Autonomie Liberté Démocratie) is an electoral list in Italy, active in Val d'Aosta. The list is affiliated to the "L'Unione", the centre-left coalition led by Romano Prodi.
Autonomy-oriented computation Autonomy-oriented computation is novel paradigm proposed by Liu (2001) which uses artificial systems imitating social animals' collective behaviours to solve hard computational problems. For example, ant colony optimization could be studied in this paradigm.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.