Encyclopedia

Birmingham Conservation Trust Birmingham Conservation Trust is a charity which saves and restores historic buildings in the city of Birmingham, England. In 2004 it completed the conservation and restoration of the last surviving court of Back to Back houses in the city.
Birmingham County Football Association The Birmingham County Football Association, also simply known as Birmingham FA, is the governing body of football in the counties of West Midlands and Warwickshire, England. The Birmingham FA run 13 cup competitions at different levels for teams in the West Midland region.
Birmingham Cross-City Line The Cross-City Line is a suburban railway line predominantly in the West Midlands region of England. It runs from Redditch, Worcestershire, its southern terminus, to Lichfield, Staffordshire, its northern terminus, via Birmingham New Street, and services on the line are currently operated by Central Trains.
Birmingham District The Birmingham District refers to a geological area in the vicinity of Birmingham, Alabama where the raw materials for making steel, limestone, iron ore, and coal are found together in abundance. The district includes Red Mountain, Jones Valley, and the Warrior and Cahaba coal fields in Central Alabama.
Birmingham Duddeston (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham Duddeston was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1950. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Birmingham Edgbaston (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham, Edgbaston is a constituency located in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system of election.
Birmingham European Airways Birmingham European Airways was originally established in 1983 (as Birmingham Executive Airways). The airline as its name implies was based at Birmingham International Airport (BHX/EGBB) in the UK and operated services geared towards business travellers.
Birmingham Grasshoppers The Birmingham Grasshoppers were an American soccer team that played in Birmingham, Alabama from 1992-1996 as a member of the United States Interregional Soccer League. When the USISL split into two leagues in 1995, the Grasshoppers joined the Premier League.
Birmingham Group The Birmingham Group were an important school of artists, one of the last outposts of late Romanticism in the visual arts, and an important link between the last of the Pre-Raphaelites and the new Slade Symbolists.
Birmingham Guild and School of Handicrafts Birmingham Guild and School of Handicrafts was started in the late 1880's at Kyre Hall with architect A S Dixon closely involved, then founded formally in 1890 with Montague Fordham as first director in Vittoria Street School for jewellers and silversmiths.
Birmingham High School Birmingham High School is a public coeducational high school in the neighbord/district of Lake Balboa in the city of Los Angeles, California. The school is a part of District One of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD).
Birmingham Institute of Art and Design The Birmingham Institute of Art and Design (BIAD) is the largest British university art and design teaching and research centre outside London. It is part of the University of Central England in Birmingham (UCE).
Birmingham Jefferson Convention Complex The Birmingham Jefferson Convention Complex (formerly Birmingham-Jefferson Civic Center) is a sports, convention and entertainment complex located in Birmingham, Alabama. It consists of a 17,000 seat arena, a 3,000 seat concert hall, a 220,000 square foot (20,440 M²) exhibition hall, a 1,000 seat theater and various banquet and meeting rooms and other facilities.
Birmingham King's Norton (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham King's Norton was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1955. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Birmingham Lions The Birmingham Lions are a member of the British Collegiate American Football League (BCAFL)'s Southern Conference-Central Division. The Lions broke into the BCAFL with a bang, becoming the first team to reach the College Bowl in its inaugural season, only to wait 15 years until playing in it again.
Birmingham Mail The Birmingham Mail is a tabloid newspaper based in Birmingham, UK but distributed around Birmingham, The Black Country, Solihull, Warwickshire and parts of Worcestershire and Staffordshire. The newspaper, which was re-branded from the Birmingham Evening Mail in October 2005, is one of the biggest selling local newspapers in the UK, and the largest in Birmingham.
Birmingham Midshires Birmingham Midshires is a commercial bank in the United Kingdom, a subsidiary of Halifax plc (part of HBOS). It is headquartered at Pendeford Business Park,Wolverhampton, England and has offices throughout England.
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery Opened in 1885 as an art gallery, Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery (BM&AG), in Birmingham, England, has a collection of international importance covering fine art, ceramics, metalwork, jewellery, archaeology, ethnography, local and industrial history. It includes a vast amount of first-class work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones in the world.
Birmingham Opera Company Birmingham Opera Company is a professional opera company based in the Jewellery Quarter in Birmingham, England, that specialises in innovative and avant-garde productions of the operatic repertoire, often in unusual venues.
Birmingham Orthodox Cathedral The Dormition of the Mother of God and St Andrew is a Greek Orthodox cathedral in Birmingham, England, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God and St Andrew. In Greek: The Orthodox Cathedral of the Dormition of the Theotokos and Saint Andreas.
Birmingham Outer Circle The Birmingham Outer Circle is a roughly circular, 27 mile (43 km) bus route in Birmingham, England (a small section crosses into Sandwell). It follows the city's outer ring road, the A4040 with some small deviations.
Birmingham pub bombings The Birmingham pub bombings were bombings by the Provisional IRA in Birmingham, England on November 21, 1974 which killed 21 people. The devices were placed in two central Birmingham pubs: the Mulberry Bush, at the foot of the Rotunda, and the Tavern in the Town, a basement pub on New Street (now renamed the Yard of Ale).
Birmingham Political Union The Birmingham Political Union was a political organisation in Great Britain during the early nineteenth century. Founded by Thomas Attwood, its original purpose was to campaign in favour of the 1832 Reform Act.
Birmingham Post The Birmingham Post newspaper was originally published under the name Daily Post in Birmingham, England in 1857 by John Frederick Feeney. It is the largest selling broadsheet in the West Midlands region, though it faces little if any competition in this category.
Birmingham Proof House The Birmingham Gun Barrel Proof House was established in 1813 by an act of Parliament at the request - and expense - of the then prosperous Birmingham Gun Trade. Its remit was to provide a testing and certification service for firearms in order to prove their quality of construction, particularly in terms of the resistance of barrels to explosion under firing conditions.
Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company The Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRC&W) was a railway locomotive and carriage builder, founded in Birmingham, England and, for most of its existence, located at nearby Smethwick, with the factory divided by the boundary between the two places.
Birmingham Railway Museum The Birmingham Railway Museum Trust in Birmingham, England operates two subsidiaries: Tyseley Locomotive Works and Vintage Trains. The latter exist to run standard gauge trains in the area, particularly to Stratford-upon-Avon.
Birmingham Repertory Theatre Birmingham Repertory Theatre (commonly called Birmingham Rep or just The Rep) is a theatre and theatre company based on Centenary Square in Birmingham, England. It is one of the most influential companies in the history of the English Stage.
Birmingham Royal Ballet The Birmingham Royal Ballet (BRB) is one of the UK's foremost ballet companies, based at the Birmingham Hippodrome theatre in Birmingham, where it enjoys custom-buit facilities such as the Jerwood Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Dance Injuries and the Patrick Centre, a studio theatre.
Birmingham School of Art The Birmingham School of Art was a municipal art school based in Birmingham, England. Although the organisation was absorbed by Birmingham Polytechnic in 1971 and is now part of the University of Central England's Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, its Grade I listed building on Margaret Street remains the home of the University's Department of Fine Art and is still commonly referred to by its original title.
Birmingham Six The Birmingham Six were six men—Hugh Callaghan, Patrick Hill, Gerard Hunter, Richard McIlkenny, William Power and John Walker—sentenced to life imprisonment in 1975 in an infamous miscarriage of justice for two pub bombings in Birmingham, England on November 21, 1974 that killed 21 people. Their convictions were overturned by the Court of Appeal on March 14, 1991.
Birmingham Snow Hill station Birmingham Snow Hill station is a railway station and the terminus of the Midland Metro tram system from Wolverhampton (via Wednesbury and West Bromwich) located in the centre of Birmingham, England. Though only a shadow of its former self, it is still the second most important railway station in Birmingham after New Street station.
Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) consists of a network of six remote solar observatories monitoring low-degree solar oscillation modes. It is operated by the High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy group of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Birmingham, UK, in collaboration with Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
Birmingham South (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham South was a parliamentary constituency in Birmingham which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1918 general election.
Birmingham Southern Railroad Birmingham Southern Railroad is a subsidiary of Transtar, operator of several short-line railroad companies. The BS operates on 84 miles of track, providing switching services in the Birmingham, Alabama area.
Birmingham Sparkbrook (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham, Sparkbrook was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Sparkbrook district of Birmingham. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Birmingham Sparkbrook and Small Heath (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham, Sparkbrook and Small Heath is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Birmingham Stallions The Birmingham Stallions were a franchise in the United States Football League, an attempt to establish a second professional league of American football in the United States in competition with the National Football League. They played their home games at Birmingham, Alabama's Legion Field.
Birmingham Stechford (UK Parliament constituency) Birmingham Stechford was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Stechford district of the city of Birmingham. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Birmingham Superprix The Birmingham SuperPrix was a motor racing meeting held on a street circuit at the heart of Birmingham, England, from 1986 to 1990. Until 1990 the principal event was a round of the European Formula 3000 Championship, but support races included BTCC and Formula Ford 1600 rounds, as well as sports car racing.
Birmingham to Peterborough Line The Birmingham to Peterborough Line is an important railway line in the United Kingdom, linking the Midlands to East Anglia. Passenger services are currently provided by Central Trains as part of their Citylink network, serving the following places (Ordnance Survey grid references for stations):
Birmingham to Stratford Line The Birmingham to Stratford Line is a commuter railway line predominantly in the West Midlands region of England. It runs from Birmingham to Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, now the southern terminus of the line, although the line originally continued to Cheltenham as part of the Great Western Railway route from Birmingham to Bristol.
Birmingham Tattoo The Birmingham Tattoo is held annually at The NIA (National Indoor Arena) in the centre of Birmingham, England. The military tattoo features massed military bands, spectacular displays and a massed chorus, the event takes place for two weekend performances in November.
Birmingham Terminal Station Birmingham Terminal Station, completed in 1909, was the principal railway station for Birmingham, Alabama (USA) until the 1950s. It was demolished in 1969 and its loss still serves as a rallying image for local preservationists.
Birmingham Thunderbolts The Birmingham Thunderbolts were a short-lived springtime American football team based in Birmingham, Alabama. This team was part of the failed XFL begun by Vince McMahon of the World Wrestling Federation and by NBC, a major television network in the United States.
Birmingham Tornado (UK) The Birmingham Tornado was one of the strongest tornadoes recorded in the United Kingdom in nearly 30 years, occurring on 28 July 2005 in the suburbs of Birmingham. It formed on a day when strong tornadoes were expected to develop across the Midlands and eastern England.
Birmingham Trades Council Birmingham Trades Council is the trades council body which brings together trade unionists from across Birmingham, England. Its headquarters were formerely in Digbeth, with a huge mural above the canteen area depicting the 1972 Battle of Saltley Gate.
Birmingham United Soccer Association The Birmingham United Soccer Association is a youth soccer organization located in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Birmingham United and its affiliates form the largest soccer club in Alabama, claiming over 2500 registered members.
Birmingham Wire Gauge Company The Birmingham Wire Gauge Company was the main provider of piano wire in Britain in the early to mid 1800s. Their wire, noted for its strength and resilience, was stronger than the easily available German wire gauge.
Birmingham Zoo The Birmingham Zoo, is a major zoological park founded in 1950 in Birmingham, Alabama. The 50 acre (20 hectare) zoo is home to approximately 750 animals of 250 species including many endangered species from six continents.
Birmingham Zulus The Birmingham Zulus are a football firm associated with Birmingham City. They took their name from a racist chant of "Zulu, Zulu" which was aimed at their predominantly black and Asian supporters by Manchester City fans in 1982, and quickly became one of the most feared groups of football hooligans in England.
Birmingham, Alabama (Amtrak station) The Birmingham Amtrak Station, located in Birmingham, Alabama, is served by the passenger train. The street address is 1819 Morris Avenue, and is located at the southern end of downtown fronting the railroad reservation.
Birmingham, Hodge Hill by-election, 2004 A by-election was held for the United Kingdom Parliament seat of Birmingham Hodge Hill, on July 15, the same day as the Leicester South by-election. The seat was won by the Labour Party Liam Byrne, but with a vastly reduced majority.
Birni-N'Konni Birni-N'Konni (also Birnin-Konni), often shortened to Konni, is a town in Niger, lying on the border of Nigeria and the Kori River. It is an important market town and transport hub and has a population of 44,663 (2001 census}.
Birnie Island Birnie Island (Birnie Atoll, Birney) is a small coral island, 20 hectares in area, part of the Phoenix Island Group, which belongs to the nation of Kiribati. It is located about 100km SE of Kanton Island and 90km WNW of Rawaki Island, formerly known as Phoenix Island.
Birnirk culture The Birnirk culture is a prehistoric Inuit civilization of the north coast of Alaska, dating from 500 to 900 CE and disappearing around 1000 CE. It succeeded the Punuk and Old Bering Sea/Okvik cultures and is distinguished from those cultures due to different art and harpoon styles.
Birobidzhaner Shtern The Birobidzhaner Shtern ( ;) is a newspaper published in both Yiddish and Russian in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Russia. It was set up in the 1930s in Birobidzhan to cater to the newly arrived Jewish immigrants.
Birog In Irish mythology, Birog was a druidess who aided Cian in climbing Balor's crystal tower where had imprisoned his daughter, Ethlinn. When Ethlenn gave birth to Lugh, the result of that visit, Balor threw the baby into the ocean.
Birote Birote is a land of highest educated people in Circle Bakote known as a Union Council (UC) in the Abbottabad District on right bank of the Jhelum River in Pakistan between the borders of Punjab and Kashmir.[Location map from fallingrain.
Birr Birr (Biorra in Irish) is a town in the Midlands county of Offaly in Ireland. Once called "Parsonstown", after the Parsons family, Birr is situated at the meeting of the Camcor and Little Brosna rivers.
Birr, Ontario Birr is a small hamlet in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located in the Middlesex Centre, at the intersection of Ontario Highway 4 (Richmond Street) and the 13th Concession, approximately 7km north of London.
Birren In Irish mythology, Birren was the wife of Bith, a son of the biblical Noah, and with him the mother of Cessair. When her husband was denied a place on the ark, Cessair led Birren, Bith, two other men and fifty women to Ireland, where they landed forty days before the flood.
Birria Birria is a spicy Mexican meat stew usually made with goat, lamb, or mutton, often served during festive periods, such as Christmas, New Year's Eve and weddings. Originally from Jalisco, it is a common dish in some Mexican food establishments.
Birstall, West Yorkshire Birstall is a large village roughly 6 miles south-west of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England and part of the borough of Kirklees. It features a quaint triangular Victorian market place, which replaced an earlier market on High Street in the Georgian area of the village further up the hill.
Birte Weigang Birte Weigang (born January 31, 1968) is a former butterfly swimmer from East Germany, who won three medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. The twenty-year old triumphed with the DDR Women's Relay Team in the 4x100m Medley, and finished second in both the 100m and the 200m Butterfly.
Birth (film) Birth is a 2004 film directed by Jonathan Glazer and starring Nicole Kidman, Lauren Bacall and Cameron Bright. The story is about Anna (played by Kidman) who is convinced that her husband, who died ten years previous, has been reincarnated in the form of a 10-year-old boy named Sean (Bright).
Birth control Birth control is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning.
Birth cries of atoms Robert Millikan pursued the theory of birth cries of atoms for many years, to explain the origin of cosmic rays. According to the 'birth cry' theory, cosmic rays (now known to be fast-moving charged particles) were photons created by the generation of new atoms, and (in later modifications of the theory), the destruction of atoms as well.
Birth of Bahá'u'lláh The Birth of Bahá'u'lláh is one of nine holy days celebrated by Bahá'ís in the Bahá'í calendar where work is suspended. The holy day celebrates the birth of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.
Birth of the Beatles Birth of the Beatles is a 1979 biopic TV movie, produced by Dick Clark's company (Dick Clark Productions), that focuses on the early history of 1960s rock band The Beatles. It originally appeared on the ABC television network.
Birth of the Firebringer Trilogy Birth of the Firebringer is a fantasy novel written by Meredith Ann Pierce that features anthropomorphic unicorns as the protagonists. First published in hard cover in 1985, the book is often classified as young adult fiction.
Birth of the Italian Republic The birth of the Italian Republic (officially on June 2, 1946) is a key event of Italian contemporary history. Until 1946, Italy was officially a monarchy ruled by the House of Savoy, kings of Italy since the Risorgimento (and previously of Sardinia).
Birth order The phrase birth order is defined as a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Many people believe that birth order has a profound and lasting effect on psychological development, but this assertion has been challenged repeatedly by researchers (e.
Birth postponement Postponement of childbearing, which may be informally defined as an increase in the age at which women give birth to their first child, is now a widespread, and indeed near universal, phenomenon across the OECD countries. In Western, Northern, and Southern Europe, first-time mothers are on average 26 to 29 years old, up from 23 to 25 years at the start of the 1970s.
Birth rate In demography, the crude birth rate (CBR) of a population is the number of childbirths per 1000 persons per year. It can be mathematically represented by CBR = frac{n}{p}{1000} where n is the number of childbirths in that year, and p is the current population.
Birth-death process The birth-death process is a special case of Continuous-time Markov process where the states represent the current size of a population and where the transitions are limited to births and deaths. Birth-death processes have many application in demography, queueing theory, or in biology, for example to study the evolution of bacteria.
Birtha Birtha is presently the (Latin) name of a Roman catholic titular see in the former Roman province of Osrhaene,Birtha - Catholic Encyclopedia article probably identical with modern Birejik (Ancient Zeugma) on the left bank of the Euphrates, c. 62 miles west of Orfa (Edessa), and 95 miles north of Aleppo.
Birthday A birthday is the date on which a person is born, marking the day a life outside the womb begins. It is customary in many cultures to celebrate the anniversary of one's birthday, for example by having a birthday party with family and/or friends.
Birthday (song) "Birthday" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney (though largely the work of McCartney) and performed by The Beatles on The White Album. It is the opening track on the "third side" of the LP (or the second disc in CD versions of the record).
Birthday attack A birthday attack is a type of cryptographic attack which exploits the mathematics behind the birthday paradox, making use of a space-time tradeoff. Specifically, if a function yields any of H different outputs with equal probability and H is sufficiently large, then after evaluating the function for about 1.
Birthday Cake Interview The "Birthday Cake Interview" refers to a famous political interview in Australia that was carried out between interviewer Mike Willesee and Liberal Party Opposition Leader Dr John Hewson shortly before the 1993 federal election. It is remembered as the interview which contributed to Hewson's failure to win the election, due to the fact that he was unable to explain one of his key tax policies on live television.
Birthday Letters Birthday Letters, published in 1998 (ISBN 0-374-52581-1), is a collection of poetry by English poet and children's writer Ted Hughes. Released only months before Hughes' death, the collection won multiple prestigious literary awards.
Birthday paradox In probability theory, the birthday paradox states that given a group of 23 (or more) randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that at least two of them will have the same birthday. For 60 or more people, the probability is greater than 99%, although it cannot actually be 100% unless there are at least 366 people.
Birthday People Birthday People was a British children's television programme that ran for several years on Devon and Cornwall's regional channel ITV Westcountry. The programme, showcasing children's birthday cards and messages, was Westcountry's replacement for the highly successful Gus Honeybun slots aired by the company's predecessors TSW and Westward.
Birthe Kjær Birthe Kjær, born 1 September 1948, is a Danish singer who began her career in the late 1960s. Kjær represented Denmark in the 1989 Eurovision Song Contest with the cabaret-style Vi maler byen rød (We paint the town red).
Birthing center A birthing center or centre is a healthcare facility, staffed by nurse-midwives, midwives and/or obstetricians, for mothers in labor, who may be assisted by doulas and coaches. By attending the laboring mother, the doulas can assist the midwives and make the birth easier.
Birthing chamber (Benzite) In the fictional Star Trek universe, a birthing chamber is a fluid-filled tank in which Benzites are placed for further development after they are first born. Birthing chambers only appear on the planet Benzar.
Birthorpe Birthorpe is a small hamlet in Lincolnshire, England lying west of Billingborough, off the B1177 Pointon Road, and northwest of Sempringham, Lincoln. Birthorpe was the actual site of the Gilbertine Abbey usually associated with Sempringham.
Birthplace of Ali ibn Abi Talib Ali ibn Abi Talib (ca 599-661 CE) was a prominent figure in early Islamic history. He had been taken into his cousin Muhammad's household as a child, and was one of the first converts to Islam, when he was only ten years old.
Birthright - The Gorgon's Alliance Birthright - The Gorgon's Alliance is a 1996 strategy computer game developed by Synergistic Software and distributed by Sierra On-Line. The game is based on the Birthright campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons and is available for DOS and Windows 95.
Birthright (campaign setting) Birthright is a Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting based on the world of Aebrynis on the continent of Cerilia, in which the players take on the role of the divinely-empowered rulers, with emphasis on the political, rulership level of gameplay. In 1996, Birthright won the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Supplement of 1995.
Birthright Israel Birthright Israel, also known as Taglit-Birthright Israel (whose logo is trademarked with lowercase 'b' and 'i') is an organization dedicated to helping Jews who have never been to Israel on an organized trip to travel there. Birthright Israel's goals are to diminish the growing division between Israel and Jewish communities around the world; to strengthen the sense of solidarity among world Jewry; and to strengthen participants' personal Jewish identity and connection to the Jewish people.
Birthright Unplugged Birthright Unplugged was designed as a response to the popular Birthright Israel trips. While Birthright Israel's stated goal is to expose Jews with little or no knowledge of Israel to Israeli society, history, and Zionist philosophy, Birthright Unplugged's goal is to expose people to Palestinian society and its political realities by travelling to Palestinian cities, villages, and refugee camps.
Birthright: The Book of Man Birthright: The Book of Man is a science fiction novel (or, more exactly, a novel-like series of vignettes) written by Mike Resnick, published in 1982. It describes the fictional history of mankind's conquest of the galaxy that serves as environment for a number of the author's other novels.
Birtley, Tyne and Wear Birtley is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, in Tyne and Wear, England. It is situated to the south of Gateshead town and is physically linked to Chester-le-Street across the County boundary in County Durham.
Biryani Biryani (Hindi बिरयानी) is derivedAmerican Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Oxford English Dictionary from the Farsi word beryā(n) (بریان) which means "fried" or "roasted". Biryani is an Asian rice dish made from a mixture of spices, basmati rice, meat/vegetables and yogurt.
Biryusinsk Biryusinsk () is a town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Biryusa River (Angara's basin), 682 km northwest of Irkutsk. Administratively, Biryusinsk is under jurisdiction of nearby town of Tayshet.
Birzeit University Birzeit University () is a Palestinian university situated just outside the town of Bir Zeit near Ramallah. It is widely considered the foremost tertiary educational institute in the Palestinian territories and has played a significant role in Palestinian political affairs.
Bis-tris methane Bis-tris is an abbreviation of the trivial name (Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-imino-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methane) for 2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)imino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol. It is generally used as a buffering agent in biochemistry.
Bis-tris propane Bis-tris propane, or 1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane, is a chemical substance that is used in buffer solutions in biotechnological labs. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

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