Encyclopedia

Bottersnikes and Gumbles Bottersnikes have green wrinkly skin, cheese-grater noses and long, pointed ears that go red when they are angry, which is most of the time. Gumbles, on the other hand, are friendly and cheerful and can be squashed into any shape without being hurt.
Bottesford, North Lincolnshire Bottesford is a southern suburb of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England and a civil parish in its own right with a population of 11,177 (2001 census). Local features include Bottesford beck, St Peter's Ad Vincula, Bottesford Preceptory where it is said the Knight's Templar of St.
Bottiaea Bottiaea (Greek: Bottiaia) was a region of ancient Macedon. It was previously inhabited by the Bottiaeans, who were expelled to Chalcidice to the area around Olynthus from thence by the Ancient Macedonians during the reign of Alexander I of Macedon (Thuc.
Botticelli (game) Botticelli is a guessing game which requires the players to have a good knowledge of biographical details of famous people. The game has several variants, but the common theme is that one person or team thinks of a famous person, reveals their initial letter, and then answers yes/no questions to allow other players to guess the identity.
Bottineau, Minneapolis Bottineau is a neighborhood in the Northeast community in Minneapolis. Its boundaries are Lowry Avenue NE to the north, University Avenue NE to the east, 16th and 17th Avenues NE to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west.
Bottisham Bottisham is a village and civil parish in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, about six miles east of Cambridge, halfway to Newmarket. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 1,983.
Bottle cage A bottle cage is a bicycle accessory used to affix a water bottle to the bike. Composed of plastic, aluminum, stainless steel, or carbon, it is attached to the main frame of a bicycle, the handlebars, or behind the saddle.
Bottle conditioning Bottle conditioned beers are either unfiltered so the final conditioning of the beer takes place in the bottle, or filtered and then reseeded with yeast so that an additional fermentation may take place. Not all bottle conditioned beers will referment in the bottle.
Bottle episode The term bottle episode or bottleneck episode is used in episodic television to refer to episodes which are produced using the least amount of money. The majority of a television series' budget generally goes into producing episodes meant to pique audience interest, such as season openers and closers; bottle episodes are produced using whatever money is left over.
Bottle Fairy Bottle Fairy (瓶詰妖精 Binzume Yōsei) is an anime series about four fairies who discover the secrets of the world from inside their little house. The show originally aired from October to December 2003 on UHF syndication in Japan.
Bottle match The Bottle Match is a varsity match played between the Camborne School of Mines (CSM) and the Royal School of Mines (RSM), Imperial College London. The first recorded match between the two sides took place on 16 December 1902, making it the second oldest varsity match in the world.
Bottle of Humans Bottle of Humans is a 2000 album by hip-hop artist Sole. A dispute with anticon's distributor caused the album to go out of print until it was remastered and reissued in 2003 with minor changes to the artwork and tracklisting.
Bottle rocket Bottle rockets describe any of a large variety of small scale skyrocket. The name derives from people launching them out of bottles and are usually attached to sticks for stabilization so they take a preplanned flight course.
Bottle scraper The bottle scraper (known as both a flessenschraper (bottle scraper) and flessenlikker (bottle licker) in Dutch) is a Dutch kitchen tool similar to a small spatula. It is specifically designed to scrape the contents of long bottles that would be impossible to reach with other kitchen tools.
Bottle sling The Bottle sling (or Jug sling) is a knot which can be used to create a handle for a glass or ceramic container with a slippery narrow neck, as long as the neck widens slightly near the top. With appropriate size cord, most wine bottles can be reliably suspended with this knot.
Bottle-shock Bottle-shock or Bottle-sickness is a temporary condition of wine characterized by muted or disjointed fruit flavors. It often occurs immediately after bottling or when wines (usually fragile wines) are shaken in travel.
Bottled gas Bottled gas is a term used for substances which are gasous at Standard temperature and pressure (STP) and have been compressed and stored in carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum or composite bottles known as gas cylinders.
Bottlenose whale A bottlenose whale (tursiops orca) is one of two species of whale in the Ziphiid family. The two species - the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus and the Southern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon planifrons are the sole members of the Hyperoodon genus.
Bottler Bottler is an IRC client (or a plugin for an IRC client) that scans text sent from IRC offer bots such as XDCC offers, and also queries bots for file lists. It then lets the user download files without having to look for them themselves.
Bottles (Banjo-Kazooie) Bottles the shortsighted mole is one of the main characters in the Banjo-Kazooie series of games. He is a stereotypical geek, with large, thick, cokebottle framed glasses (hence his name), and awkward height and weight.
Bottling (concert abuse) Bottling is when a concert audience throws water bottles (commonly filled with urine), among other things, at the performers onstage. This generally happens at festivals when one act in the lineup is of a different genre or audience than the rest of the bands, especially festivals where the majority of bands are related to heavy metal and hard rock music styles.
Bottom (BDSM) In the terms of BDSM scenes or interactions, a bottom refers to the person who takes on the submissive role for the duration of a scene. This term is associated with being on the receiving end of bondage, discipline, and sadism.
Bottom (character) Bottom is an expression, commonly used in England in the 18th and 19th centuries, and still in use, to refer to characteristics such as reliability, staying-power, dignity, integrity and soundness of judgement. A person deficient in these characteristics is said to "lack bottom.
Bottom (sex) In the context of human sexual behavior, especially anal sex among gay men, a bottom is a receptive partner (that is, a partner who is penetrated), or a person who prefers the receptive role. The counterpart is a top.
Bottom (TV series) Bottom was a British sitcom of the early 1990s (and later a series of stage shows) written by Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson. They were also the main stars, respectively playing Richard Richards (Richie) and Edward Elizabeth Hitler (Eddie), who share a flat in Hammersmith, West London.
Bottom ash "Bottom ash" refers to the non combustible constituents of coal with traces of combustibles embedded in forming clinkers and sticking to hot side walls of furnace during the furnace working. The clinkers fall by themselves into the water or sometimes by poking manually, and get cooled.
Bottom dealing Bottom dealing is a method of illegally influencing the outcome of a poker game and other card games by way of dealing from the bottom, rather than the top, of the card deck. A bottom dealer may sneak a peek at the bottom card of the deck just after or during the cut or place selected cards at the bottom of the deck.
Bottom Line The Bottom Line was an intimate music venue in New York City's Greenwich Village, at West Fourth Street between Broadway and Washington Square Park. During 1970s, it played a major role in maintaining Greenwich Village's status as a cultural mecca.
Bottom Live 3: Hooligan's Island Bottom Live 3: Hooligan's Island is a live stage show that was viewed at Bristol in 1997, written by and starring Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmonson. This is the third installment of five live Bottom shows, and one spin-off movie named Guest House Paradiso.
Bottom paint Anti-fouling bottom paint is a specialized covering applied to the hull of a boat, designed to slow the growth of organisms that would attach to the hull and affect performance and durability. Other types of coatings can act as a barrier against corrosion on metal hulls, or improve water flow past the hull of a high-performance racing yacht.
Bottom quark The bottom quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of -(1/3)e. Although all quarks are described in a similar way by the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the bottom quark's large mass (around 4 GeV, or four times the mass of a proton), combined with low values of CKM values Vub and Vcb, gives it a distinctive signature that makes it relatively easy to identify experimentally (using a technique called B-tagging).
Bottom three The teams who finish a season in the bottom three in The Premiership are all relegated to the Coca Cola Championship (or, as it used to be called, the First Division) to play in that league the next season. The only exception to this is in the 1994-95 season when the bottom four were relegated.
Bottom trawling [Celtic Explorer, a research vessel] engaged in bottom trawlingBottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. Bottom trawling can be carried out from one vessel or two vessels fishing cooperatively.
Bottom-up parsing Bottom-up parsing is a strategy for analyzing unknown data relationships that attempts to identify the most fundamental units first, and then to infer higher-order structures from them. It occurs in the analysis of both natural languages and computer languages.
Bottomry A bottomry, or bottomage, is when the master of a ship borrows money upon the bottom or keel of it, so as to forfeit the ship itself to the creditor, if the money is not paid at the time appointed with interest at the ship's safe return.
Bottoms Reservoir, Derbyshire Bottoms reservoir is a man-made lake in Longdendale in north Derbyshire. It was constructed between 1865 and 1877 as part of the Longdendale chain to supply water from the River Etherow to the urban areas of Greater Manchester.
Bottony In heraldry, bottony refers to a symbol having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Hence, a cross bottony (or "botonny") is a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil.
Bottorff-McCulloch Farm The Bottorff-McCulloch Farm is an historic farm on the National Register of Historic Places since 1995, and is located west of Charlestown, Indiana. It was put on the Register for its significance in Agriculture, Exploration/Settlement, and Architecture.
Bottrel, Alberta Bottrel is a designated place (an unincorporated hamlet) in southern Alberta, in the Municipal District of Rocky View. The Municipal District consists of a number of other smaller hamlets and communities such as Conrich, Indus, Shepard, Dalemead, Dalroy, Keoma, and Madden.
Bottrop Bottrop is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen). Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten.
Botware Botware refers to software that works by simulating a person. It is similar to screen scraping in that the display output from another program is used by botware, but botware also simulates mouse clicks and keypresses to navigate to the screen output required.
Bou Craa Bou Craa (Bo Craa, Bu Craa) is a town in the Saguia el-Hamra region of northern Western Sahara, south and slightly east of the city of El AaiĂşn. It is inhabited almost entirely by employees of the Moroccan-controlled Bou Craa phosphate industry.
Bouabdallah Tahri Bouabdallah Tahri (Arabic: أبو عبدالله الطاهري) (born 20 December, 1978 in Metz) is a track and field athlete, competing internationally for France. He compete mainly on the 3000 m Steeplechase distance but also on 3000 m and 5000 m distances.
Bouar Bouar is a market town in the western Central African Republic, lying on the main road from Bangui (437km) to the frontier with Cameroon (210km). It has a population of 29,753 (2003 census) and is the capital of Nana-Mambéré prefecture.
Bouasone Bouphavanh Bouasone Bouphavanh (born June 3, 1954 in Ban Tao Poun, Muang Salavan, Salavan Province) is the prime minister of Laos. He was officially appointed to the office by the National Assembly of Laos on June 8, 2006, during a major government reshuffle.
Boubacar Boris Diop Boubacar Boris Diop (born 1946 in Dakar) is a Senegalese writer. His most recent work, Murambi, le livre des ossements (Murambi: The Book of Remains), describes a notorious massacre during the Rwandan genocide of 1994.
Boubacar Sanogo Boubacar Sanogo (born December 17, 1982 in Dimbokro) is an Ivorian football player. Starting his career in Tunisia, he went to Al-Ain in UAE, where he became well-known winning the Asian Cup and being a top goalscorer in the UAE League.
Boubou (clothing) The Boubou is the name for a flowing wide sleeved robe worn in most of West Africa and to a lesser extent in North Africa. It is known by various names, depending on the ethnic group wearing them: Agbada (Yoruba), Babariga (Hausa), K'sa (Tuareg) Grand Boubou (in various Francophonic West African countries) and the English term of Gown.
Boubou Macoutes Les Boubou Macoutes was the popular nickname of special inspectors who visited the homes and investigated suspected "welfare cheats" in the Canadian province of Quebec during the second government of Premier Robert Bourassa, in the 1990s.
Bouda Bouda is an African tribe with members that have been attributed with having the power to shapeshift into hyenas in folklore. Accordingly, the term Bouda has become widely synonymous with the term "were-hyena," even when such individuals do not belong to the Bouda tribe.
Boudella el Hajj Boudella el Hajj was born in Algeria, moved to Bosnia, married Nađa Dizdarević a Bosnian woman, and became a Bosnian citizen. Boudella, and five associates of his, who were also Bosnians who were born in Algeria were arrested by Bosnian authorities.
Boudewijn Bouckaert Boudewijn Bouckaert is a Belgian liberal thinker and politician, adhering to more radical-liberal views than the vast majority of Flemish liberals . He is chairman of the classical liberal thinktank Nova Civitas and a member of List Dedecker.
Boudin Boudin (pronounced BOO-danh, ) describes a number of different types of sausage used in French and Cajun cuisine. There is little in common between French boudin blanc and boudin noir, but the Cajun varieties differ only by the addition of blood to the boudin blanc.
Boudin Bakery The Boudin Bakery (pronounced "bo-DEEN") is a famous bakery situated in San Francisco, California known for its sourdough bread (called Original San Francisco Sourdough French Bread). It was established in 1849 by Isidore Boudin by blending the prevalent sourdough among miners in the Gold Rush with French techniques.
Boudouard reaction Boudouard reaction is the redox reaction of chemical equilibrium mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in a given temperature. It is the disproportionation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and graphite or its reverse
Boudreaux's Butt Paste Boudreaux's Butt Paste is a skin cream used to treat skin ailments such as diaper rash, minor burns, and insect bites, among many others. The product has gained notoriety mainly due to its unusual and humorous name.
Bouenza Region Bouenza is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country. It borders the regions of LĂ©koumou, Niari, and Pool, and internationally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Cabinda portion of Angola.
Bouffant A bouffant (IPA pronunciation: is a type of hairstyle] characterized by hair piled high on the head and hanging down on the sides. It was a mainstream hairstyle in the mid-to-late [[17th century in western Europe.
Bougainville campaign (1943-45) The Bougainville campaign, was a campaign of World War II that occurred from November 1, 1943 to August 21, 1945 on and around Bougainville Island in the South Pacific between the Empire of Japan and Allied forces. Bougainville, at that time, was part of the Australian territory of New Guinea, although geographically part of the Solomon Islands chain.
Bougainville Copper Bougainville Copper Ltd is a copper gold and silver mining company that operated the Panguna open cut mine on the island of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Panguna mine dominated the economy of the island during the 1970s and 1980s, and was highly significant to the overall PNG economy.
Bougainville monkey-faced bat The Bougainville monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex anceps) is an Old World fruit bat found only on Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. It is listed as a critically endangered species due to habitat loss and human disturbance.
Bougainville People's Congress Bougainville People's Congress is a political party in the autonomous region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. The party president is Joseph Kabui, premier of the province in 1987-1990 and president of Bougainville from June 2005.
Bougainvillea Bougainvillea is a genus of flowering plants native to the tropical and subtropical regions of South America from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern Argentina (Chubut Province). Different authors accept between four and 18 species in the genus.
Bougarabou A Bougarabou (alternative spelling “Boucarabou”) is a set of three to four drums commonly used in West Africa. The drums are single headed (cow skin), with an elongated goblet shape, usually placed on a single stand.
Boughetto "Boughetto" is a 2002 rap single from the album Heavy Starch by Ali featuring Murphy Lee about being, well, boughetto. The word is a clash of the word bourgeois — to belong to the middle class — and ghetto — to be restricted by social, economic or legal pressure.
Bought deal A bought deal occurs when an underwriter, such as an investment bank, or a syndicate purchases securities from an issuer before selling them to the public. The investment bank (or underwriter) acts as principal rather than agent and thus actually "goes long" in the security.
Bought the farm Bought the farm is a colloquial expression used to signify the death of the "buyer"; the precise origins of the term are not confirmed. One suggested origin is that the death benefits paid to the families of soldiers killed in the line of duty were often enough to pay off the mortgage on the family home, or farm.
Boughton Monchelsea The village and civil parish of Boughton Monchelsea is in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. The civil parish lies on a ragstone ridge situated between the North Downs and the Weald of Kent and has commonly been called Quarry Hills.
Boughton, Cheshire Boughton is a small district to the east of Chester, the county town of Cheshire. Boughton is located atop the steep banks of the River Dee as it turns the meadows bend for the last time around the 'Earls Eye' before flowing into Chester.
Boughton, Norfolk Boughton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated some 10 km east of the small town of Downham Market, 20 km south-east of the larger town of King's Lynn, and 55 km west of the city of Norwich.
Bougouni Bougouni is a city in Mali, the administrative center of its Cercle, which is in turn found in the administrative region of Sikasso. Bougouni is located at 11°25'00" North, 7°29'00" West, 170 km south of Bamako and 210 km west of the city of Sikasso.
Bouguer (lunar crater) Bouguer is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of the Mare Frigoris lunar mare, to the north of Bianchini crater. To the west-southwest of Bougeur, along the same shore of the mare, is the Foucault crater.
Bouguerra Soltani Bouguerra Soltani (also Abu Jerra Sultani and other spellings) is the leader of the Algerian party Mouvement de la Societé pour la Paix (Movement of the Society for Peace, abbreviated MSP or Hamas), which is reformist-Islamist and considered close to the doctrine of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Bouchard's nodes Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis, and are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage.
Bouche of court The bouche of court, or vulgarly budge of court, is generally free food and drink at the king's court, or specifically the king's allowance of sustenance to his knights and servants during active duty. It is in the general sense that the French say, avoir bouche Ă  la cour, literally "to have mouth at the court.
Boucher The Boucher Manufacturing Company was an American toy company that specialized in toy boats and toy trains. It is best remembered today as the last of the manufacturers of Standard gauge/Wide gauge trains until the much smaller McCoy Manufacturing revived the old standard in the mid-1960s.
Bouchon A bouchon is a type of restaurant found in Lyon, France, that serves traditional Lyonnaise cuisine, such as sausages, duck pâté or roast pork. Compared to other forms of French cooking such as nouvelle cuisine, the dishes are quite fatty, and heavily oriented around meat.
Bouchra Ghezielle Bouchra Ghezielle (Arabic: بُشرا غزال) (née Benthami) (born 19 May, 1979 in Khemisset) is a Morrocan-French track and field athlete, now competing for France. She compete mainly on the 1500 m distance but also on 800 m and 3000 m distances.
Bouie River The Bouie River, also sometimes known as the Bowie River, is a tributary of the Leaf River, 60 mi (96 km) long, in southern Mississippi in the United States. Via the Leaf River, it is part of the watershed of the Pascagoula River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico.
Bouillabaisse Bouillabaisse is a traditional Provençal fish stew originating from the port city of Marseille. The French and English form bouillabaisse comes from the Provençal word bolhabaissa [ˌbujaˈbajsɔ], a compound that consists of the two verbs bolhir (to boil) and abaissar (to reduce).
Bouillon Bouillon is a municipality located in the district of Neufchâteau, in the western part of the Belgian province of Luxembourg in the French-speaking region Wallonia. On January 1st, 2006 Bouillon had a total population of 5,455.
Bouillon cube A bouillon cube (US) or stock cube (UK) is dehydrated broth (bouillon in French) or stock formed into a small cube (about 15 mm on a side). It is made by dehydrating vegetables, meat stock, a small portion of solid fat (such as hydrogenated oil), and seasonings (usually including salt and monosodium glutamate) and shaping them into a small cube.
Boukman Eksperyans Boukman Eksperyans is a a mizik rasin band from the city of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The band derives its name from Dutty Boukman, a vodou priest who led a religious ceremony in 1791 that is widely considered the start of the Haitian Revolution.
Boulby mine Boulby Mine is a 200ha site run by [Cleveland Potash], located just north of the village of Boulby, on the North East Coast of the North Yorkshire Moors in Cleveland, England. It is Europe's deepest mine producing half of the UK's output of Potash - used as a fertilizer for agriculture.
Boulder Adventure Film Festival The Boulder Adventure Film Festival is an international film festival in Boulder, Colorado. This international forum for the best and most inspiring independent films of the year encompasses all aspects of adventure, from serious exploration to environmental heroism to gripping tales from the edges of the believable.
Boulder clay Boulder clay in geology, is a deposit of clay, often full of boulders, which is formed in and beneath glaciers and ice-sheets wherever they are found, but is in a special sense the typical deposit of the Glacial Period in northern Europe and America. Boulder clay is variously known as till or ground moraine (Ger.
Boulder College of Massage Therapy The Boulder College of Massage Therapy (BCMT) is a massage therapy school, founded in Boulder, Colorado in 1975. The college is situated on a 33,000 square foot (3,000 m²) campus, with lecture-style and specialized hands-on classrooms, a computer lab, bookstore, library, and student lounge.
Boulder Dash Boulder Dash, aka Rockford, originally released in 1984, is a classic series of computer games for the Apple II, MSX, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and Atari 400/800 home computers, and later ported to the NES, Acorn Electron, PC, Amstrad CPC, and many other platforms. It was created by Peter Liepa and Chris Gray, and on October 28, 1983 acquired and later published by First Star Software, which still owns the rights to the game.
Boulder Dash (roller coaster) Boulder Dash is the name of a wooden roller coaster located at Lake Compounce in Bristol, Connecticut. This completely unique 4,700 foot wooden roller coaster uses the Lake Compounce's natural mountainous terrain, complete with trees and boulders within close proximity of the track.
Boulder International Film Festival The Boulder International Film Festival (BIFF) is one of Colorado's most celebrated film events and has developed international recognition as a showcase for the best new films by today's most important new filmmakers and stars. The festival is held every President's Day Weekend.
Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area The Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) located in the Boulder region of the State of Colorado. The Boulder MSA is defined as Boulder County, Colorado.
Boulder wall A boulder wall, also spelled boulder-walls or bowlder-wall, is a kind of wall built of round flints and pebbles, laid in a strong mortar. It is used where the sea has a beach cast up, or where there are plenty of flints.
Bouldering Bouldering is a type of rockclimbing undertaken without a rope and is normally limited in respect to the height the climber ascends the route so that any fall will not risk significant injury. This variation of climbing can be practiced on large boulders, at the base of larger rock faces/climbing routes, in indoor climbing centres, or even on manmade structures (see buildering).
Bouldering mat A bouldering mat or crash pad is a small foam pad used for protection when bouldering. There are various sizes and makes, but the most common type is a folded mattress, 8 to 10 centimetres thick (3 to 4 inches), that when unfolded measures about 1 x 1.
Boulders (album) Boulders is the first solo album by Roy Wood. Apart from harmonium on track 1 played by John Kurlander, all the instruments (including guitars, cello, saxophone recorders) and voices were by Wood, who also wrote and produced the whole album.
Boulders Beach Boulders Beach is a sheltered beach made up of inlets between granite boulders, from which the name originated. It is located in the Cape Peninsula, near Simon's Town towards Cape Point, near Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Boule de Suif "Boule de Suif" is a short story by the late-19th century French writer Guy de Maupassant. It may have been the inspiration for Ernest Haycox's short story "The Stage to Lordsburg", which in turn inspired the film Stagecoach.
Boulevard Boulevard (French, from Dutch Bolwerk – bolwark, meaning bastion) has several generally accepted meanings. It was first introduced in the French language in 1435 as boloard and has since been altered into boulevard.
Boulevard (Richmond, Virginia) Boulevard (usually referred to as "The Boulevard" although the street name does not include any definite article) is a historic street in the near West End of Richmond, Virginia providing access to Byrd Park. It serves as the Border between the Carytown/Museum District to the west and the Fan district to the East.
Boulevard Alexandre-Taché (Gatineau) Boulevard Alexandre-Taché is a road located in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It starts at the western limits of the Hull sector with Aylmer just west of Boulevard Saint-Raymond south of the Manoir des Trembles community.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.