Encyclopedia

Distance decay Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases.
Distance education Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy/andragogy, technology, and instructional systems design that are effectively incorporated in delivering education to students who are not physically "on site" to receive their education. Instead, teachers and students may communicate asynchronously (at times of their own choosing) by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time (synchronously).
Distance Education and Training Council The Distance Education and Training Council (DETC) is a non-profit accreditation agency recognized by Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the United States Department of Education. The Distance Education and Training Council has been the standard-setting agency for distance education institutions since it was established in 1926.
Distance Education Council Distance Education Council (DEC) is an organisation based in New Delhi, India responsible for the promotion and coordination of the open university and distance education system and for determination of its standards in India.
Distance geometry Distance geometry is the characterization and study of sets of points based only on given values of the distances between member pairs. Therefore distance geometry has immediate relevance where distance values are determined or considered, such as in surveying, cartography and physics.
Distance line A distance line or penetration line is an item of diving equipment used by SCUBA divers as a means of returning to a safe starting point in conditions of low visibility, water currents or where pilotage is difficult. They are often used in cave diving and wreck diving where the diver must return to open water after a penetration when it may be difficult to discern the return route.
Distance matrix In mathematics, a distance matrix is a matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise, of a set of points. It is therefore a symmetric NĂ—N matrix containing non-negative reals as elements, given N points in Euclidean space.
Distance measures (cosmology) Distance measures are used in physical cosmology to give a natural notion of the distance between two objects or events in the universe. They are often used to tie some observable quantity (such as the luminosity of a distant quasar, the redshift of a distant galaxy, or the angular size of the acoustic peaks in the CMB power spectrum) to another quantity that is not directly observable, but is more convenient for calculations (such as the comoving coordinates of the quasar, galaxy, etc).
Distance model In music a distance model is the alternation of two different intervals to create a non-diatonic musical mode such as the 1:3 distance model, the alternation of semitones and minor thirds: C-Eb-E-G-Ab-B-C. This scale is also an example of polymodal chromaticism as it includes both the tonic and dominant as well as "'two of the most typical degrees from both major and minor' (E and B, Eb and Ab, respectively) ([Kárpáti 1975] p.
Distance Makes the Heart Grow Fonder Distance Makes the Heart Grow Fonder is the re-release of hardcore band Poison The Well's EP Distance Only Makes the Heart Grow Fonder that was recorded in 1998 and released on Goodlife Records in 1998. The EP was originally released by Goodlife Records in 1998 under the slightly different title Distance Only Makes the Heart Grow Fonder.
Distance transform A distance transform, also known as distance map or distance field, is a representation of a digital image. The choice of the term depends on the point of view on the object in question: whether the initial image is transformed into another representation, or it is simply endowed with an additional map or field.
Distance-regular graph In mathematics, a distance-regular graph is a regular graph (mathematics) such that, given any two vertices v and w at any distance i, the number of vertices adjacent to w and at distance j from v depends only on i and j, not on the particular pair of vertices. Every distance-transitive graph is distance regular.
Distance-transitive graph In mathematics, a distance-transitive graph is a graph (mathematics) such that, given any two vertices v and w at any distance i, and any other two vertices x and y at the same distance, there is an automorphism of the graph that carries v to x and w to y.
Distance-vector routing protocol A distance-vector routing protocol is one of the two major routing protocols used in routing of packet-switched networks in computer communications, as in for example the Routing Information Protocol for Internet traffic. The other is link state protocol.
Distant (album) Distant is the final posthumous album by Champaign, Illinois indie rock band Sarge. Released in 2000 on Mud Records, it features three demo versions of unreleased songs, six live songs, three cover songs, and two solo acoustic numbers by lead singer Elizabeth Elmore.
Distant Dream Distant Dream Studios was formed in 2003 as a collaborative creative project to bring together different art-forms to express a common message. The deliverables for this project were defined as two commercial music albums, a book based on a fictional story and a website bringing all the elements of the project together.
Distant Early Warning Line The Distant Early Warning Line, also known as the DEW Line or Early Warning Line, was a system of radar stations in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Aleutian Islands of Alaska, in addition to the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It was set up to detect incoming Soviet bombers during the Cold War, a task which quickly became outdated when intercontinental ballistic missiles became the main delivery system for nuclear weapons.
Distant signal Distant signal is a term used to denote a type of railway signal that repeats the indication of a following signal and warns a train of the need to stop at that following home signal. The term originated in British English and is used throughout the English-speaking world.
Distant Wanderers (book) Distant Wanderers: The Search for Planets Beyond the Solar System is a book, written by science journalist Bruce Dorminey, which reports on astronomical research and theory related to the search for extrasolar planets.
Distcc distcc is a free software program for compiling C and its derivatives like C++ and Objective-C source code over a computer network. It is designed to work with gcc, although it provides varying degrees of compatibility with the Intel C Compiler and Sun's compilerWith the right configuration, distcc can dramatically reduce a project's compilation time.
Disti DiSTI® is a privately held, engineering and software development company incorporated in 1994 by three former faculty members of the University of Central Florida, in response to the need for distributed simulation consulting, development and training. DiSTI is located in Orlando, Florida neighboring STRICOM, NAV-AIR Orlando and University of Central Florida research facilities.
Distichlis palmeri Distichlis palmeri (Palmer's grass), or nipa grass, is a saltgrass of the family poaceae, grows in the Sonoran desert of Western Mexico, and produces a grain with some similarities to wheat. Originally a major food source of the Cocopah tribe in the western United States, it was thought to be extinct.
Distichs of Cato The Distichs of Cato (Latin: Catonis Disticha, most famously known simply as Cato), is a Latin collection of proverbial wisdom and morality by an unknown author named Dionysius Cato from the 3rd or 4th century AD. The Cato was the most popular medieval schoolbook for teaching Latin, prized not only as a Latin textbook, but as a moral compass.
Distillation Design Distillation Design provides complete coverage of the design of industrial distillation columns for the petroleum refining, chemical and petrochemical plants, natural gas processing, pharmaceutical, food and alcohol distilling industries. It has been a classical chemical engineering textbook since it was first published in February of 1992.
Distilled beverage A distilled beverage is a liquid preparation meant for consumption containing ethyl alcohol (ethanol) purified by distillation from a fermented substance such as fruit, vegetables, or grain. The word spirits generally refers to distilled beverages low in sugars and containing at least 35% alcohol by volume.
Distilled water Distilled water is water that has virtually all of its impurities as well as electrolytes removed through distillation (boiling the water and re-condensing the steam into a clean container, leaving contaminants behind).
Distinct nature Distinct Nature was a Canadian male quartet and achieved semi-fame during the 1996-2001 bubblegum pop era of music, noting them as also a boyband.They are most known for their radio friendly 1999 single" Human" which was partly taken from the 1980's pop trio
Distinct society Distinct society (in French la société distincte) was a political expression especially used during a constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s. It refers to the uniqueness of the province of Quebec within Canada, although in what ways is vague and controversial.
Distinction without a difference A distinction without a difference is a type of argument where one word or phrase is preferred to another, but results in no difference to the final outcome. It is particularly used when a word or phrase has connotations associated with it that one party to an argument prefers to avoid.
Distinctive ring Distinctive Ring, marketed under a variety of names, is a telephone company offering that establishes additional telephone numbers on the same line as an existing number, each number ringing with a distinctive ringing pattern. Typically, the original number rings with the standard ring pattern that is common to the nation where the line is connected.
Distinguish In law, to distinguish a case means to differentiate the facts of the case before the court from the facts of a case of precedent where there is an apparent similarity. By successfully distinguishing a case, the holding or legal reasoning of the earlier case will either not apply or will be limited.
Distinguish between Power and Authority To distinguish between power and authority we must understand what each means. Although they are very similar as ‘authority is based on the right to wield power’ from [Robert Dahl]’s theory, power in itself is ‘exercised over those who are harmed by its use, whether they are aware they are being harmed or not’.
Distinguished Aviation Cross This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, AFP, Area Command and Major Service Commanders to military personnel of the AFP who are serving in any capacity with the Philippine Air Force or with the air components of the Major Services for distinguished heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Distinguished Conduct Star This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines to military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and friendly allied armed forces for conspicuous courage and gallantry in the face of an armed enemy.
Distinguished Eagle Scout Award The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, is a special award, awarded only to Eagle Scouts, for distinguished service in his profession and to the community for a period of at least 25 years after earning his Eagle Scout rank. Requirements include: having attained the Eagle Scout rank, accomplishment of significance in one's career, and a solid record of continued community volunteer involvement.
Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) The Distinguished Flying Cross is a medal awarded to any officer or enlisted member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself or herself in combat in support of operations by "heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight, subsequent to November 11, 1918." The decoration may also be given for an act performed prior to that date when the individual has been recommended for, but has not received the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Cross, or Distinguished Service Medal.
Distinguished Flying Medal The Distinguished Flying Medal was (until 1993) a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Royal Air Force (United Kingdom) and the other services, and formerly also to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for "an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy".
Distinguished Intelligence Cross The Distinguished Intelligence Cross is awarded by the Central Intelligence Agency for a voluntary act or acts of extraordinary heroism involving the acceptance of existing dangers with conspicuous fortitude and exemplary courage. Medals]
Distinguished Intelligence Medal The Distinguished Intelligence Medal is awarded by the Central Intelligence Agency for performance of outstanding services or for achievement of a distinctly exceptional nature in a duty or responsibility.medals are often referred to as "jock strap medals" since they are often awarded secretly (due to the classification level of the respective operation)and cannot be displayed, or on occasion, acknowledged publicly.
Distinguished Marksmanship Ribbon The Distinguished Marksmanship Ribbon is a military decoration of the United States Navy which was first created in 1942. Originally known as the Distinguished Marksman and Pistol Shot Ribbon, the decoration recognized those who had been presented a Distinguished Marksman Badge through exceptional scoring at a professional military shooting competition.
Distinguished Navy Cross This is awarded by the Chief of Staff, AFP Area Command and Major Service Commanders to military personnel of the AFP who are serving in any capacity with the Philippine Navy, for distinguished heroism and extraordinary achievement while participating in naval operations.
Distinguished Professor At many universities the honorary title of Distinguished Professor is given to a small number of members of the faculty who are recognized by colleagues throughout the world as leaders in their fields. At some universities governed by a board of regents, the title Regents Professor is used.
Distinguished Service Cross (Australia) The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force, it is awarded for distinguished command and leadership in action. The DSC was introduced in 1991 and replaced the Imperial equivalent.
Distinguished Service Cross (United States) The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is the second highest military decoration of the United States Army, awarded for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. Actions which merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree to be above those required for all other U.
Distinguished Service Medal (Army) The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military award of the United States Army that is presented to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States military, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional.
Distinguished Service Medal (Australia) The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force, it is awarded for distinguished leadership in action. The DSM was introduced in 1991 and replaced the Imperial equivalent.
Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom) The Distinguished Service Medal was (until 1993) a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Royal Navy and members of the other services, and formerly also to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, up to and including the rank of Chief Petty Officer, for bravery and resourcefulness on active service at sea.
Distinguished Service Medal (United States) The Distinguished Service Medal is a high level military and civilian decoration of the United States of America which is issued for meritorious service to the government of the United States in either a senior government service position or as a senior officer of the United States armed forces. There is also the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service which is the highest medal that can be awarded to a career government employee.
Distinguished Service Order The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. The DSO was instituted on 6 September 1886 by Queen Victoria in a Royal Warrant published on 9 November.
Distinguished Shot Badge The Distinguished Shot Badge is a military badge of the United States Army which was first created in 1903. The badge is intended to recognize those members of the Army who have obtained an exceptional score at an official weapons shoot competition.
Distinguished Visiting Professor Distinguished Visiting Professor is an academic title bestowed by Amercian Univeristies on prominent scholars who have been invited to teach a course in their area of expertise for one semester or more to enrolled undergraduate and graduate students.
Distort (album) Distort was the second release and first remix album by Industrial duo Collide which has been out of print for some time. However recently the album has been brought back in stock with a few more tracks and has undergone some more studio remixing and remastering for the 2006 release.
Distorted Circuitry Distorted Circuitry is a weekly music show, broadcast on the Rantradio internet radio stream. Hosted alternately by DJ Morgana and RaZoRGrrL, the two-hour program features the latest releases from the world of industrial, EBM, synthpop, futurepop, IDM, rhythmic noise, and occasionally goth.
Distorted Lullabies Distorted Lullabies is the band Ours' first official album, released on the Dreamworks label on May 15, 2001, it is largely composed of melodic rock songs. The single "Sometimes" found moderate success with MTV and many modern rock radio stations.
Distortion (guitar) In the world of guitar music and guitar amplification, distortion is actively sought, evaluated, and appreciatively discussed in its endless flavors. In many types of music, distortion is applied to guitar and other instruments, particularly within Rock, Punk and Metal.
Distortion power factor The distortion power factor is used in power electronics to describe how a load's harmonic distortion of the current decreases the average power transferred to the load. Distortion power factor is an important factor in the calculation of true power factor, which describes the decrease in average power transferred due to harmonics and to phase shift between voltage and current.
Distortion-limited operation In telecommunication, distortion-limited operation is the condition prevailing when distortion of a received signal, rather than its attenuated amplitude (or power), limits performance under stated operational conditions and limits.
Distraction Distraction is the diverting of the attention of an individual or group from the chosen object of attention onto the source of distraction. Distraction is caused by one of the following: lack of ability to pay attention; lack of interest in the object of attention; greater interest in something other than the object of attention; or the great intensity, novelness or attractiveness of the source of distraction.
Distraction (game show) Distraction is a British game show shown on Channel 4. Presented by comedian Jimmy Carr, the show involves contestants answering questions, while being distracted in various bizarre, painful and humiliating ways.
Distraction osteogenesis Distraction osteogenesis, also called callus distraction, callotasis, osteodistraction, is a surgical process used for the reconstruction of skeletal deformities and for the lengthening of bones (as limb lengthening or particularly leg lengthening when referred to the lower limbs). The bone is surgically (with a corticotomy) split in two segments (therefore creating a bone fracture) and the two ends of the bone are gradually moved apart (distraction phase) slowly enough that new bone can form in the gap.
Distressed inventory Distressed inventory is basically any stock whose potential to be sold at the normal price has passed or will soon pass. In certain industries it could also mean that the stock is or will soon be impossible to sell at all.
Distressed personality type Distressed Personality Type or "Type D" individuals, suppress powerful negative emotions as a means of coping with stressful events or situations. These individuals suppress feelings of anger or sorrow even when they are in an environment that is supportive of emotional expression, such as suppressing anger when clearly justified, or refusing to cry at a funeral.
Distressed securities Distressed securities are securities of companies that are either already in default, under bankruptcy protection, or in distress and heading toward such a condition. The most common distressed securities are bonds and bank debt.
Distressing Distressing in the decorative arts is the activity of making a piece of furniture or object appear aged and older, and there are many methods to produce an appearance of age and wear. Distressing is viewed as a refinishing technique although it is the opposite of finishing in a traditional sense.
Distribuidor Vial The Distribuidor Vial is a Mexican freeway located at the west side of Mexico City called "Distribuidor Vial San Antonio" and at the east side of the city another one called "Distribuidor Vial Zaragoza".
Distributed application An application made up of distinct components running in separate runtime environments, usually on different platforms connected via a network. Typical distributed applications are two-tier (client-server), three-tier (client-middleware-server), and multitier (client-multiple middleware-multiple servers)
Distributed artificial intelligence Distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) was a subfield of Artificial intelligence research dedicated to the development of distributed solutions for complex problems regarded as requiring intelligence. These days DAI has been largely supplanted by the field of Multi-Agent Systems.
Distributed Amplifier Distributed amplifiers are a very resourceful example of distributed circuit design that incorporate transmission line theory into traditional amplifier design in order to arrive at an amplifier with a larger gain-bandwidth product than is realizable by conventional circuits.
Distributed Bragg reflector A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is a high quality reflector used in waveguides, such as optical fibers. It is a structure formed from multiple layers of alternating materials with varying refractive index, or by periodic variation of some characteristic (such as height) of a dielectric waveguide, resulting in periodic variation in the effective refractive index in the guide.
Distributed Buffer - Gate Turn-off Thyristor (DB-GTO) A distributed buffer gate turn-off thyristor (DB-GTO) is a thyristor with additional PN layers in the drift region to reshape the field profile and increase the voltage blocked in the off state. Compared to a typical PNPN structure of a conventional thyristor, this thyristor would be a PN-PN-PN type structure.
Distributed cognition Distributed cognition is a school of psychology developed in the 1990s by Edwin Hutchins. Using insights from sociology, cognitive science, and the psychology of Vygotsky (cf activity theory) it emphasizes the social aspects of cognition.
Distributed computing Distributed computing is a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network. Distributed computing is a type of parallel processing.
Distributed control system A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system or process, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the brain) but are distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system under the control of one or more controllers. The entire system may be networked for communication and monitoring.
Distributed Component Object Model Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) is a Microsoft proprietary technology for software components distributed across several networked computers to communicate with each other. DCOM, which originally was called "Network OLE", extends Microsoft's COM, and provides the communication substrate under Microsoft's COM+ application server infrastructure.
Distributed Computing Environment The Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) is a software system developed in the early 1990s by a consortium that included Apollo Computer (later part of Hewlett-Packard), IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, and others. The DCE supplies a framework and toolkit for developing client/server applications.
Distributed Creativity The term distributed creativity is used to describe networked cultural production that allows for the creative interplay of geographically dispersed participants. It is not one artist working on one object but rather a group of authors contributing to an artwork.
Distributed data store A distributed data store is a network in which a user stores his or her information on a number of peer network nodes. The user also usually reciprocates and allows users to use his or her computer as a storage node as well.
Distributed database A distributed database is a database that is under the control of a central database management system (DBMS) in which storage devices are not all attached to a common CPU. It may be stored in multiple computers located in the same physical location, or may be dispersed over a network of interconnected computers.
Distributed Development Distributed Development can be described as a R&D project across locations, where all contributing project members and entities are together responsible for the outcome of the project. A distributed development project builds on common goals, shared information and real collaborative work, supported by means of technology.
Distributed element model The distributed element model or transmission line model of electronic circuits assumes that each circuit element is finite, as opposed to infinitesimal, and that the wires connecting elements are not perfect conductors -- that is, they have impedance. The model challenges the lumped element model by assuming non-uniform current along each branch and non-uniform voltage along each node.
Distributed energy Distributed energy, or distributed generation, is a system in which electricity is produced at a large number of small to medium-sized power plants, rather than at one or more large capacity plants. This model decreases transmission distances, lowers the voltage needed for efficient transmission, and increases the resilience of a power grid.
Distributed File System (Microsoft) The Microsoft Distributed File System, or DFS, is a set of client and server services that allow a large enterprise to organize many distributed SMB file shares into a distributed file system. DFS provides location transparency and redundancy to improve data availability in the face of failure or heavy load by allowing shares in multiple different locations to be logically grouped under one folder, or DFS root.
Distributed generation Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. The Distributed Energy Resources (DER) concept permits "consumers" who are generating heat or electricity for their own needs (like in hydrogen stations and microgeneration) to send surplus electrical power back into the power grid - a process also known as net metering - or share excess heat via a distributed heating grid.
Distributed hash table Distributed hash tables (DHTs) are a class of decentralized distributed systems that partition ownership of a set of keys among participating nodes, and can efficiently route messages to the unique owner of any given key. Each node is analogous to an array slot in a hash table.
Distributed Interactive Simulation Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is a standard for conducting real-time platform-level wargaming across multiple host computers and is used worldwide especially by military organizations but also by other agencies such as those involved in space exploration and medicine.
Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment The Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment (or DIVE in short) is the name of a CVE software that was actively developped between 1991 and the early 2000's. DIVE realises an architecture and a programming toolkit for the implementation and deployment of wide-area, Internet-based multi-user virtual environments.
Distributed library A distributed library is a collection of materials available for borrowing by members of a group, yet not maintained or owned by a single entity. The library catalog is maintained on a database that is made accessible to users through the Internet.
Distributed minimum spanning tree The distributed minimum spanning tree problem involves the construction of a minimum spanning tree by a distributed algorithm, in a network where nodes communicate by message passing. It is radically different to the classical sequential problem, although the most basic approach resembles BorĹŻvka's algorithm.
Distributed Management Task Force Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF, formerly "Desktop Management Task Force") is a standards organisation that develops and maintains standards for systems management of IT environments in enterprises and the Internet. These standards allow building systems management infrastructure components in a platform-independent and technology-neutral way.
Distributed object Distributed objects are software modules that are designed to work together, but reside in multiple computer systems throughout an organization. A program in one machine sends a message to an object in a remote machine to perform some processing.
Distributed operations Distributed Operations (DO) is a new warfighting concept being adopted by the United States Marine Corps and is being developed by their Warfighting Laboratory as a response to the changing environment of the Global War on Terror. Adaptive enemies and a more complex environment required that conventional forces have the ability to decentralize decision making and distribute their forces.
Distributed Objects Everywhere Distributed Objects Everywhere (DOE) was a long-running Sun Microsystems project to build a distributed computing environment based on the CORBA system in the 'back end' and OpenStep as the user interface. First started in 1990 and announced soon thereafter, it remained vaporware for many years before it was finally released as NEO in 1995.
Distributed participatory design Distributed Participatory design (DPD) is a design approach and philosophy that supports the direct participation of users and other stakeholders in system analysis and design work. Nowadays design teams most often are distributed, which stress a need for support and knowledge gathered from design of distributed systems.
Distributed Proofreaders Distributed Proofreaders (commonly abbreviated as DP or PGDP) is a project to support the development of e-texts for Project Gutenberg. Public domain works, typically books with expired copyright, are scanned by volunteers or culled from digitalization projects and the images are run through optical character recognition (OCR) software.
Distributed republic The concept of a distributed republic is that of a fluid republic consisting of land and citizens scattered across the globe, changing far more frequently than conventional nation-states. Many of these republics were corporate entities, while others were more loosely connected anarchist communities.
Distributed shared memory Distributed Shared Memory (DSM), in computer science, refers to a wide class of software and hardware implementations, in which each node of a cluster has access to a large shared memory in addition to each node's limited non-shared private memory.
Distributed switching Distributed switching is an architecture in which multiple processor-controlled switching units are distributed. There is often a hierarchy of switching elements, with a centralized host switch and with remote switches located close to concentrations of users.
Distributed Sender Blackhole List The Distributed Sender Blackhole List is a DNSBL that lists IP addresses of insecure e-mail hosts. DSBL can be used by server administrators to tag or block e-mail messages that come from insecure servers, which is often spam.
Distributed System Security Architecture Distributed System Security Architecture or (DSSA) is a computer security architecture which provides a suite of functions including login, authentication, and access control in a distributed system. To differ from other similar architectures, the DSSA architecture offers the ability to access all these functions without the trusted server (known as a certificate authority) being active.
Distributed temperature sensing Distributed temperature sensing systems (DTS) are optoelectronic devices which measure temperatures by means of optical fibres functioning as linear sensors. Temperatures are recorded along the optical sensor cable, thus not at points, but as a continuous profile.

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