Encyclopedia

Distributed transaction A distributed transaction is an operations bundle, in which two or more network hosts are involved. Usually, hosts provide transactional resources, while the transaction manager is responsible for creating and managing global transaction that encompasses all operations against such resources.
Distributed Training Operations Center The Distributed Training Operations Center (DTOC) is the Air National Guard center for Distributed Mission Operations located in De Moines, Iowa (USA). Distributed Mission Operations, or DMO, is a component of the Air Force Training Transformation initiative.
Distributed Transaction Coordinator The Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) service is a component of modern versions of Microsoft Windows that is responsible for coordinating transactions that span multiple resource managers, such as databases, message queues, and file systems. MSDTC is included in Windows 2000 and later operating systems, and is also available for Windows NT 4.
Distributed Transient Network Distributed Transient Network (DTN) is defined as: the type of network which is inherently decentralized by nature and consists mainly of nodes which are not per se constantly a part of the network and are able to join or leave at any time at any place in the network.
Distributed Universal Number Discovery Distributed Universal Number Discovery (DUNDi) is a P2P protocol for providing services equivalent to those provided by ENUM. DUNDi has an advantage above ENUM in that is far more resilient, as it lacks a central point of failure.
Distributed web crawling Distributed web crawling is a distributed computing technique whereby Internet search engines employ many computers to index the Internet via web crawling. The idea is to spread out the required resources of computation and bandwidth to many computers and networks.
Distributed-queue dual-bus In telecommunication, a distributed-queue dual-bus network (DQDB) is a distributed multi-access network that (a) supports integrated communications using a dual bus and distributed queuing, (b) provides access to local or metropolitan area networks, and (c) supports connectionless data transfer, connection-oriented data transfer, and isochronous communications, such as voice communications.
Distribution (bridge) Distribution in contract bridge denotes the suit length in a hand by means of four numbers separated by hyphens. For example, 4-3-3-3 tells the reader that the hand has one four-card suit and three three-card suits.
Distribution (differential geometry) In differential geometry, a discipline within mathematics, a distribution is a subset of the tangent bundle of a manifold satisfying certain properties. Distributions are used to build up notions of integrability, and specifically of a foliation of a manifold.
Distribution (mathematics) In mathematical analysis, distributions (also known as generalized functions) are objects which generalize functions and probability distributions. They extend the concept of derivative to all integrable functions and beyond, and are used to formulate generalized solutions of partial differential equations.
Distribution board A distribution board (known in the United States as a (circuit) breaker panel, panelboard, or load center or for old ones, fuse box) is a mounting enclosure for multiple electrical circuit breakers. These are generally placed in two columns.
Distribution constant The distribution constant (or partition ratio), is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte in two immiscible solvents. For a particular solvent, it is equal to the ratio of its molar concentration in the stationary phase to its molar concentration in the mobile phase, also approximating the ratio of the solubility of the solvent in each phase.
Distribution function In molecular kinetic theory in physics, a particle's distribution function is a function of seven variables, f(x,y,z,t;v_x,v_y,v_z), which gives the number of particles per unit volume in phase space. It is the number of particles having approximately the velocity (v_x,v_y,v_z) near the place (x,y,z) and time (t).
Distribution of terms A categorical term is said to be distributed, if all individual members of that category are accounted for. In a statement like "All A are either B or C", the term A is distributed, because all elements of the set A are pinpointed.
Distribution of wealth Distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society, and is one aspect of the economy and social structure. Typically, various racial and ethnic groups possess differing amounts of wealth, and the same is true when people are grouped by age or education.
Distribution Resource Planning Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) is a method used in business administration for planning orders within a supply chain. DRP enables the user to set certain inventory control parameters (like a safety stock) and calculate the time-phased inventory requirements.
Distribution software Distribution software manages everything from order processing and inventory control to accounting, purchasing and customer service, supply chain management, sales, CRM, inventory, warehouse and finance management.
Distribution uniformity Distribution Uniformity or DU in irrigation is a measure of how uniformly water is applied to the area being watered, expressed as a percentage. The most common measure of DU is the Low Quarter DU, which is a measure of the average of the lowest quarter of samples, divided by the average of all samples.
Distributional hypothesis The Distributional Hypothesis in Linguistics is that words that occur in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings (Harris, 1954). The underlying idea that "a word is characterized by the company it keeps" was popularized by Firth (1957).
Distributive case This case in the Hungarian language can express the manner when something happens to each member of a set one by one (eg. "per head", "in each case"), or the frequency in time ("once a week", "every ten minutes").
Distributive efficiency In welfare economics, distributive efficiency occurs when goods and services are received by those who have the greatest need for them. Abba Lerner first proposed the idea of distributive efficiency in his 1944 book The Economics of Control.
Distributive justice Distributive justice concerns what is just or right with respect to the allocation of goods in a society. Thus, a community whose individual members are rendered their due would be considered a society guided by the principles of distributive justice.
Distributive lattice In mathematics, distributive lattices are lattices for which the operations of join and meet distribute over each other. The prototypical examples of such structures are collections of sets for which the lattice operations can be given by set union and intersection.
Distributivity (order theory) In the mathematical area of order theory, there are various notions of the common concept of distributivity, applied to the formation of suprema and infima. Most of these apply to partially ordered sets that are at least lattices, but the concept can in fact reasonably be generalized to semilattices as well.
District 7 District 7 is a four person band from Ontario, Canada that was formed in March of 2000. District 7 does not really fit into any real genre perfectly; however, they do share a number of stylistic similarities with Skate punk music.
District Assemblies District Assemblies and City District Government were introduced in 2000 by Pakistan's President Pervez Musharraf. Musharraf announced holding of Community Government elections, which began from December 2000 at Union Council level and come to a completion with District Assemblies, elections on July, 2001.
District Council of Barunga West The District Council of Barunga West is a local government area in South Australia. The council covers an area at the north of Yorke Peninsula in the Mid North and includes the townships of Alford, Bute, Fishermans Bay, Kulpara, Melton, Mundoora, Port Broughton, Tickera and Wokurna.
District Council of Hong Kong The District Councils, known as District Boards before 1999, are the local councils for the eighteen districts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. They are consultative bodies on district administration and other affairs.
District Court (Hong Kong) The District Courts (Chinese: 區域法院, 地方法院 before 1997) are the lower court system in Hong Kong, have both criminal and civil jurisdictions. The system is modelled after the English legal system, with indictable offences being taken up by the district court if at the hearing in the magistrate's court a criminal defendant elects for a jury trial.
District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands The District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands is a United States territorial court whose jurisdiction comprises the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. It was established by Act of Congress in 1977 and began hearing cases in January 1978.
District Court of New South Wales The District Court of New South Wales has jurisdiction to hear most indictable offences (except murder and treason). It hears appeals from the Local Court (in criminal matters) and civil claims up to AUD$750 000.
District Electoral Division A District Electoral Division (often abbreviated as DED) is a low-level territorial division in Ireland. District Electoral Divisions originated as subdivisions of Poor Law Unions, grouping a number of townlands together to elect one or more members to a Poor Law Board of Guardians.
District Factor Groups District Factor Groups (DFGs) were first developed by the New Jersey Department of Education in 1975 for the purpose of comparing students’ performance on statewide assessments across demographically similar school districts. The categories are updated every ten years when the Census Bureau releases the latest Decennial Census data.
District Fellows District Fellows is the 16-20 year old age group within the Woodcraft Folk, a UK-based educational movement for children and young people. It operates both on a local group level and as a semi-autonomous movement within the Woodcraft Folk.
District heating District heating (less commonly called teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements. The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant, although dedicated facilities called heat-only boiler stations are also used.
District Health Board (New Zealand) District Health Boards in New Zealand are health management units accountable to the Ministry of Health. These have existed since 1 January 2001 when the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 came into force .
District municipality (South Africa) In South Africa, a district municipality or Category C municipality is a municipality which executes some the functions of local government for a district. The district municipality will in turn be comprised of several local municipalities, with which it shares the functions of local government.
District nurse District nurses are fully qualified nurses who provide care within the community. Typically much of their work involves visiting house-bound patients to help manage chronic wound or stoma dressings, monitor diabetics and sometimes to aid patients in remembering to take routine medication.
District of Acre The District of Acre (also known as the Province of Acre) was one of the Districts of Palestine, established by the Ottoman Empire, was located within the boundaries of the modern State of Israel. For the capital city of the District of Acre, see Acre (city).
District of Alberta The District of Alberta was one of four districts of the Northwest Territories created in 1882. It was styled the Alberta Provisional District to distinguish it from the District of Keewatin which had a more autonomous relationship from the NWT administration.
District of Athabaska The District of Athabaska also called District of Athabasca was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. It covered the northern half of what is today the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.
District of burghs (UK Parliament) The Act of Union 1707 and pre-Union Scottish legislation provided for 14 Members of Parliament (MPs) from Scotland to be elected from districts of burghs. All the parliamentary burghs (burghs represented in the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland) were assigned to a district, except for Edinburgh which had an MP to itself.
District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics The District of Columbia Board of Elections & Ethics, or BOEE, is the independent agency of the District government responsible for the administration of elections, ballot access and voter registration. The BOEE consists of three active Board members, an Executive Director, a General Counsel and a number of support staff who run the day-to-day operations of the agency.
District of Columbia Office of Campaign Finance The District of Columbia Office of Campaign Finance or OCF exists as an agency inside the DC Board of Elections and Ethics. OCF monitors the actions of political campaigns, appointed officials, and elected officials within the District of Columbia.
District of Columbia Public Service Commission The District of Columbia Public Service Commission (formerly the District of Columbia Public Utilities Commission) is an independent quasi-judicial tribunal and regulator responsible for approving rates and tarififs for telephone, electricity and gas utility companies operating within the District of Columbia. It was established by Congress in 1913.
District of Columbia Vote in House of Representatives The District of Columbia has never had voting representation in the United States Congress, but efforts are currently under way to enact a statute that would give the District one vote in the House of Representatives, though not in the Senate. This proposal for a statute to give the District of Columbia voting rights in the House is called the "DC Vote" proposal.
District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution. It has officially expired and, therefore, would have to start from square one passing through both houses of Congress again before getting ratification by the state legislatures.
District of Columbia War Memorial The District of Columbia War Memorial commemorates the citizens of the District of Columbia who served in World War I. The memorial stands in West Potomac Park slightly off of Independence Avenue in a grove of trees.
District of Franklin The District of Franklin was a former regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. The district consisted of the Canadian high Arctic Islands, notably Ellesmere Island, Baffin Island, and Victoria Island.
District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana or Louisiana District was an official United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase which was not organized into Orleans Territory. The area above present-day Arkansas was also known as Upper Louisiana.
District of Mackenzie The District of Mackenzie was a former regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. The district consisted of the portion of the Northwest Territories directly north of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan on Canada's mainland.
District of Ohio The District of Ohio was a federal judicial district of the United States created by the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 which consisted of the Northwest and Indiana Territories. It marks an early use of the term "Ohio" for an area of land as opposed to the long-named Ohio River before the establishment of a state of that name, but otherwise was of little long-term consequence, as the Federal Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed the next year.
District of Potisje The District of Potisje (Serbian: Potiski krunski dištrikt or Потиски крунски диштрикт) was an administrative unit of the Habsburg Monarchy. It was formed in 1751 with headquarters in Bečej, and existed for almost one century (until 1848).
District of Velika Kikinda The District of Velika Kikinda (Serbian: Velikokikindski privilegovani dištrikt or Великокикиндски привилеговани диштрикт) was an administrative unit of the Habsburg Monarchy between 1774 and 1876. It was an autonomous area mainly inhabited by ethnic Serbs.
District overprint The district overprints on the postage stamps of Mexico were a special type of overprint used as an anti-theft system. They first came into use in 1856, with the first stamps of Mexico, and continued until 1885.
District Superintendent (United Methodist Church) A District Superintendent in the United Methodist Church is a clergyperson who serves in a supervisory position over a geographic District of churches (varying in size) providing spiritual and administrative leadership to those churches and their pastors. District Superintendents used to be called Presiding Elders in U.
Districts and counties of Shanghai Shanghai is administratively equal to a province and is divided into 19 county-level divisions: 18 districts and 1 county. There is no single downtown district in Shanghai, the urban core is scattered across several districts.
Districts and Sections of Cambodia Cambodia is subdivided into 20 provinces (ខេត្ត = khet) and 4 province-level municipalities (ក្រុង = krong). Provinces are further subdivided into districts (srŏk), which are further divided into communes (khum).
Districts of Durham The County of Durham is divided into 63 electoral divisions, which are comprised of wards, parishes and parish wards, as set out in Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 176, The County of Durham (Electoral Changes) Order 2005.
Districts of England The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. As the structure of local government in England is not uniform, there are currently four types of district level subdivision.
Districts of Gujarat The Indian state of Gujarat was created in 1960 out of the 17 northern districts of former Bombay State: Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dang, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kheda, Kachchh, Mehsana, Panchmahal, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, and Vadodara.
Districts of Israel There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) and fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa). Each sub-district is further divided into natural regions, of which there are 50.
Districts of Japan The was most recently used as an administrative unit in Japan between 1878 and 1921 and is roughly equivalent to the county of the United States. It was ranked at the level below prefecture and above city, town or village.
Districts of Kiribati In Kiribati, there are no more official districts but it is possible to divide Kiribati into 3 geographical units: Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, and Phoenix Islands. There are no more districts, but a group that unites the Line and the Phoenix islands (ministry at London, Christmas).
Districts of Laos Laos is divided into 16 provinces (Lao ແຂວງ, khoueng), 1 municipality (ນະຄອນຫລວງ, kampheng nakhon), and 1 special zone (ເຂດພິເສດ, khetphiset). Each province is subdivided into districts (muang) and villages (baan).
Districts of Lebanon The 6 governorates of Lebanon are divided into 25 districts (Aqdya, singular - qadaa) -- or 26, counting the Beirut Governorate which is not subdivided into districts. (Capitals of districts are in parentheses)
Districts of Northern Areas The Northern Areas (disputed part of the State of Jammu & Kashmir) under direct control of Pakistan, comprises six districts in two regions: the two Baltistan districts of Skardu and Ghangche, and the four Gilgit districts of Diamer, Ghizer, Gilgit (the union of Dardistan and Hunza states) and Astore (carved out of Diamer in 2004,Gilgit Wazarat - a former tribal territory). The main political centres are the towns of Gilgit and Skardu.
Districts of Pakistan The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. Prior to August 2000, the provinces contained administrative units called divisions which contained districts as the fourth level of government.
Districts of Prague Prague has a local-government structure of two or three tiers, depending on the area of town. At the top is the Magistrate of the Capital City of Prague (), which is responsible for public transport; waste collection; municipal police; firefighting; ambulance services; cultural activities; care of historical sites; the Prague Zoo; and other activities of citywide significance.
Districts of Rajasthan A district of Rajasthan state is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Rajasthan Administrative Service and other Rajasthan state services.
Districts of Rosario This article is about the districts of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The districts are administrative divisions intended to achieve decentralisation of the workings of the municipal government.
Districts of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LCMS) is organized into 35 districts, 33 of which are defined along geographic lines. Each district has a president who oversees the congregations in his district, which are further subdivided into local circuits.
Districts of the Northwest Territories The vastness of Canada's Northwest Territories meant that for much of its history it was divided into several districts for ease of administration. These territorial divisions were abolished during the territory's most recent contraction in 1999.
Districts of the Unitarian Universalist Association The Unitarian Universalist Association, an association of Unitarian Universalist Congregations in the United States of America, is comprised of 20 Districts. Each District has its own District-level organization, complete with governing body (in the form of an elected council, or board) and all.
Districts of Turku The city of Turku, in Finland, is divided into nine wards (see Wards of Turku), which in turn are divided into 78 non-governmental districts (kaupunginosat in Finnish, stadsdelar in Swedish). These are composed of individual suburbs, and in the very centre of the city, sectors of the central business district identified by Roman numerals.
Districts of Uttarakhand A district of Uttarakhand state is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Uttarakhand Civil Service and other Uttarakhand state services.
Distrital University of Bogotá The Francisco José de Caldas District University (Spanish: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) is a public educational institution located in Bogotá, Colombia. It is in 2006 the most important public University to District Level.
Distrito Nacional The Distrito Nacional is a subdivision of the Dominican Republic enclosing the capital Santo Domingo, which therefore is not in any one of the provinces. Before October 16, 2001, the Distrito Nacional was much larger, including what is now (confusingly) known as Santo Domingo Province.
DistroWatch DistroWatch is a popular Web site which provides news, popularity rankings, and other general information about various Linux distributions (and other open-source operating systems such as OpenSolaris and BSD). It now contains information on several hundreds of distributions.
Distrust Distrust is a formal way of not trusting any one party too much in a situation of grave risk or deep doubt. It is commonly expressed in civics as a division or balance of powers, or in politics as means of validating treaty terms.
Disturbance In ecology, a disturbance is a temporary change in average environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in ecosystem structure that lasts longer than the change in the environment. Disturbances may be natural or anthropogenic: fire, grazing, flood, landslide, drought.
Disturbance theory Disturbance Theory is a political postulation by David Truman that states that interest groups form primarily in opposition to other interest groups so as to counteract influence in their respective political domains. Robert Salisbury would later augment the theory to state that interest groups form in the absence or increasing scarcity of resources.
Disturbing Joan Disturbing Joan was a Saint Lucian band that plays reggae, rock and funk. The members were local surfers who emerged from the local bar scene, getting their first big break by opening for Malcolm Jamal Warner's band in 2001 at Jazz on the Square.
Disturbing the Peace Disturbing the Peace is the third album by Alcatrazz, and is the first and only featuring Steve Vai on guitar. One of the singles, God Blessed Video, can be found on the fictional radio station, V-Rock, on Grand Theft Auto: Vice City.
Disturbing Tha Peace Disturbing Tha Peace Records, LLC (commonly known as DTP) is a recording company and management company thats specialized in hip hop collective based out of Atlanta, Georgia. The label was founded by Ludacris and his manager, Chaka Zulu, when Ludacris failed to get a record deal.
Disulfide In chemistry, a disulfide ion is an anion (negatively-charged ion) formed by two sulfur atoms having an overall -2 charge. The term disulfide can also refer to a chemical compound which contains a disulfide ion or contain two sulfur atoms, usually bonded together.
DiSEqC DiSEqC (Digital Satellite Equipment Control) pronounced "Die-Sec" is a special communication protocol for use between a satellite receiver and a device such as a multi-dish switch or a small dish antenna rotor. It is compatible with the actuators used to rotate large C band dishes if used with a DiSEqC positioner.
Dit da jow Dit Da Jow is a popular liniment sold to heal external damage (such as bruises, sore muscles, etc). There are several different makers of Dit Da Jow, most of which are considered to be "secret formulas" passed down though ways of tradition.
Dit Da Jow Dit Da Jow is a popular liniment sold to heal external damage (such as bruises, sore muscles, etc). There are different makers of Dit Da Jow, all of which are considered to be "secret formulas" passed down though tradition.
Dita Dermalo Dita Dermalo is one of the 77 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Omo Zone, Dita Dermalo is bordered on the south by Bonke, on the southwest by Kemba, on the west by Zala Ubamale, on the north by Kucha, and on the east by Chencha.
Ditadura Nacional The Ditadura Nacional (Portuguese for National Dictatorship) was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the 28th May 1926 coup d'Ă©tat that lasted until the adoption of the new constitution in 1933, when the regime changed its name to Estado Novo (New State).
Ditangquan Ditangquan or ground tumbling boxing originated in Shandong Province of China during the Song Dynasty (1129-1279). Since that time, this marital art has spread throughout China and has been incorporated into other martial arts styles.
Dith Pran Dith Pran (born September 27, 1942) is a photojournalist best known as a refugee and Cambodian Holocaust survivor and was the subject of the Academy Award-winning film The Killing Fields. (He was portrayed in the movie by first time actor Haing S.
Dither Dither is a form of noise, or 'erroneous' signal or data which is deliberately added to sample data for the purpose of minimizing quantization error. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and digital video data.
Dither fish The term dither fish refers to an arbitrary group of aquarium fish used by cichlid keeping aquarists to reduce innate timidity in some species of cichlids (Barlow, 1967). The technique relies on the ability of cichlids in an aquarium to use the behaviour of other fish species as a measure of environmental security (Loiselle, 1979).
Dithiolene A 1,2-dithiolene is a bidentate ligand consisting of two sulfur atoms connected via an unsaturated carbon-carbon backbone. These ligands readily form complexes by co-ordinating to metal centres via the sulfur atoms; such complexes are often referred to as metallodithiolenes or "dithiolene complexes".
Dithiothreitol Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the common name for a small-molecule redox reagent known as Cleland's reagent. DTT's formula is C4H10O2S2 and the molecular structure of its reduced form is shown at the right; its oxidized form is a disulfide-bonded 6-membered ring (shown below).
Dithmarschen Dithmarschen is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Rendsburg-Eckernförde and Steinburg, by the state of Lower Saxony (district of Stade, from which it is separated by the Elbe river), and by the North Sea.
Dithyramb The dithyramb was originally an ancient Greek hymn sung to the god Dionysus. Its wild and ecstatic character was often contrasted with that of the paean: just as Paean was both a hymn to and a title of Apollo, Dithyrambos was also a title of Dionysus as well as a song in his honor.
Ditch (obstacle) Ditches are commonly seen on cross country courses at all levels of eventing, and may be up to 11'10" at the advanced four-star level. Ditches test the bravery of the horse and rider, and may used alone or in a combination of jumps, such as in a coffin], or in front of or after a fence [http://www.

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