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Dead reckoning
Dead reckoning (DR) is the process of estimating one's current position based upon a previously determined position, or fix, and advancing that position based upon measured velocity, time, heading, as well as the effect of currents or wind. While this method of navigation is no longer considered primary in ships, aircraft, automobiles, rail engines, and construction site engines (tunnels), it is still often used as a backup in case of failure of the electronic navigation systems.
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