Encyclopedia

Development criticism Development criticism refers to far-reaching criticisms of modernization and its central aspects : modern technology, industrialization, capitalism and economic globalization . A closely related, overlapping concept is anti-modernism .
Development Corporation In the United Kingdom, Development Corporations are bodies set up by national government and charged with the urban development of an area, outside the usual system of Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom. Members are appointed by central government and hence they are considered QUANGOs.
Development Fund for Iraq In May of 2003, following the Invasion of Iraq the Development Fund for Iraq was set up. United Nations resolution 1483 transferred the authority to authorize expenditures from Iraq's oil revenue from the United Nations to the Coalition Provisional Authority.
Development girl A d-girl or development girl is a person in a film production company who is responsible for finding and identifying potential movie ideas for their development into a script. Also, they are responsible for writing script coverage for scripts that arrive at a production company.
Development Guide Plan A Development Guide Plan (DGP) is a detailed urban land use plan for each of the 55 areas in Singapore designated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), Singapore's national planning and conservation authority.
Development in Action Development in Action (DiA) is a small UK International development Non-governmental organization run "by young people for young people". Its main objective is to promote global citizenship by encouraging engagement in global issues amongst young people in the UK.
Development of doctrine Development of doctrine is a term used by John Henry Newman and other theologians influenced by him to describe the way Catholic teaching has become more detailed and explicit over the centuries, while later statements of doctrine remain consistent with earlier statements. The term was introduced in Newman's 1845 book An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine.
Development of Darwin's theory The Development of Darwin's theory began with a search for explanations of contradictions in current faith based ideas, and led him to formulate his theory of evolution which was eventually published in his book On the Origin of Species, a turning point in the history of evolutionary thought.
Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937-1945) During the Second Sino-Japanese War the Republic of China Air Force suffered serious losses in combat against the Japanese. Through 1942 the ROCAF was practically annihilated by Japanese aircraft and subsequently rebuilt each year through aid from the United States and the Soviet Union.
Development of Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine Since the doctrines have been openly published for over 120 years in The Watchtower magazine, all changes in teaching are a matter of record. Rather than concealing these doctrinal developments, the organization often presents them in a positive light, as evidence of God blessing their efforts to understand the Bible better.
Development of Microsoft Windows Since 1985, Microsoft Windows has become a series of versatile 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, compared to the early 16-bit graphical DOS operating environments. At the 2004 IDC Directions conference, IDC Vice President Avneesh Saxena stated that Windows had approximately 90% of the client operating system market.
Development of the TGV The idea of a high-speed train in France was born about twenty years before the first TGVs entered service. At that time, about 1960, a radical new concept was thought up; combining very high speeds and steep grades would allow a railway to follow the contours of existing terrain, like a gentle roller coaster.
Development of the urinary and reproductive organs In human fetal development, the urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate cell-mass which is situated between the primitive segments and the lateral plates of mesoderm. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life.
Development of Windows Vista Development of Windows Vista occurred over the span of five and a half years, starting in earnest in May 2001, prior to the release of Microsoft's Windows XP operating system, and continuing into 2006. It was originally expected to ship sometime late in 2003 as a minor step between Windows XP and "Blackcomb" (now known as Windows "Vienna").
Development of Windows Vista/Screenshot note This article contains screenshots that were obtained from Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows. Paul Thurrott has expressly granted Wikipedia permission to use a few screenshots of earlier Windows "Longhorn" builds for the purpose of this article.
Development plan The development plan is an aspect of Town and country planning in the United Kingdom comprising a set of documents, which set out the Local Authorities policies and proposals for the development and use of land in their area. The development plan guides and informs day to day decisions as to whether or not Planning Permission should be granted, under the system known as Development Control.
Development Plan Document A Local Development Framework must include Development Plan Documents (DPDs) which outline the key development goals of the Local Development Framework. Development plan documents taken together are broadly equitable to the old style Local Plans
Development regions of Romania The development regions of Romania refer to the regional divisions created in Romania in 1998 in order to better co-ordinate regional development as Romania progressed towards accession to the European Union. The development regions correspond to NUTS II-level divisions in European Union member states.
Development Ratings Development Ratings is part of a growing sector in philanthropy that the Monitor Institute, a leading think tank on philanthropy, has termed "infrastructure". According to Monitor, these are organisations that attempt to fix some of the failings of philanthropy by enabling greater sharing of information and best practices, as well as ensuring that grant capital is used more efficiently and effectively.
Development theory Development theory is a conglomeration of theories about how change in society is best to be achieved. Notable development theories include Dependency Theory, Modernization Theory, International Trade Theory, Amartya Sen's Capability Theory, and Import Substitution Industrialization.
Developmental biology Developmental biology is the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop. Modern developmental biology studies the genetic control of cell growth, differentiation and "morphogenesis," which is the process that gives rise to tissues, organs and anatomy.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience This interdisciplinary field overlaps with Neuroscience, Psychology, Developmental Science, and Cognitive Science. It is concerned with the development of cognitive functions, their neural basis, and the development of their neural basis.
Developmental disability Developmental disability is a term used to describe severe, life-long disabilities attributable to mental and/or physical impairments, manifested before the age of 22. The term is used most commonly in the United States to refer to disabilities affecting daily functioning in three or more of the following areas:
Developmental Disability (California) In California “Developmental Disability”means a disability that is attributable to mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism, or disabling conditions found to be closely related to mental retardation or to require treatment similar to that required for individuals with mental retardation.
Developmental lines Developmental lines is a metaphor of Anna Freud from her developmental theory to stress the continuous and cumulative character of childhood development. It emphasises the interactions and interdependencies between maturational and environmental determinants in developmental steps.
Developmental profile A developmental profile is a standardized psychodynamic diagnostic instrument for assessing clinically relevant personality characteristics. It is based on the clinical observation that adult personality characteristics often bear a considerable similarity to the behavioural patterns of early childhood.
Developmental psychology Developmental psychology, also known as Human Development, is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Originally concerned with infants and children, and later other periods of great change such as adolescence and aging, it now encompasses the entire life span.
Developmental robotics Developmental Robotics (DevRob), sometimes called epigenetic robotics, is a methodology that uses metaphors from developmental psychology to develop controllers for autonomous robots. The focus is on a single robot going through stages of autonomous mental development.
Developmental roster In Major League Soccer, in addition to a senior roster, each team can carry a developmental roster of up to ten (before 2005, six) players, whose contracts do not count against the salary cap. The roster includes Generation adidas (before 2005, Project-40) signees and other players (usually recent college graduates) 24 or younger, called developmental players.
Developmental studies hybridoma bank The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (or DSHB) was established in 1986 and is a source of hybridomas and hybridoma-related products of importance to developmental and cell biology. The Bank operates under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, though has been self-funding since 1996.
Developmentally Appropriate Practice Developmentally appropriate practice (or DAP) is a perspective within early childhood education whereby a teacher or child caregiver nurtures a child's social/emotional, physical, and cognitive development by basing all practices and decisions on (1) theories of child development, (2) individually identified strengths and weaknesses of each child uncovered through authentic assessment, and (3) the child's cultural background as defined by his community, family history, and family structure..
Devenish Island Devenish Island (in Irish: daimhinis, meaning Ox Island) is an island in Lower Lough Erne, north of Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Aligned roughly north-south, it is about one and a quarter miles long and two-thirds of a mile wide.
Deventer Deventer is a municipality and city in the Salland region of the Dutch province of Overijssel. Deventer is largely situated on the east bank of river IJssel, but also has a small part of its territory on the west bank.
Devesh Chauhan Devesh Singh Chauhan (born November 12, 1980 in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh) is a field hockey goalkeeper from India, who made his international debut for the Men's National Team in early 2000. Chauhan represented his native country twice at the Summer Olympics, in 2000 (Sydney, Australia) and in 2004 (Athens, Greece), where India finished in seventh place on both occasions.
Devgarh, Maharashtra Devgarh, also known as Devgad or Deogarh, is a coastal city in Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra state in western India. Devgarh is located on the Arabian Sea in the coastal Konkan region of Maharashtra, south of Mumbai.
Devhook Devhook is a homebrew application for the PlayStation Portable created by BOOSTER which enables users to emulate different firmwares on the PSP. The application features the ability to mount ISO and compressed CSO images stored on a PSP memory stick.
Devi Devi (Devanagari: देवी) is the Sanskrit word for Goddess. She is synonymous with Shakti, the female aspect of divinity, and is conceptualized in the Shakta tradition as the driving force without which the male aspect, which represents consciousness or discrimination, is impotent.
Devi Bhadrakali temple It is an ancient temple situated on the Jhansa Road in the north of Thanesar Town. Here Pandavas are stated to have worshipped the Goddess and performed sacrifices for their victory before the commencement of Mahabharat war.
Devi Kanya Kumari Devi Kanya Kumari, that is, the virgin goddess, is an aspect of Parvati, and her temple named Kumari Amman Temple is located in Kanya Kumari (formerly Cape Comorin) on the confluence of the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean. She is known by several other names, including Kanya Devi, Devi Kumari, and Kumari Amman.
Devi Mahatmya The Devī Māhātmya or Durgā Saptashatī is a Hindu scripture in Sanskrit containing 700 (sapta=7, shata=100) verses, arranged into 13 chapters. It extols goddess Devi or Durga and her manifestations like Kali (devi=goddess, māhātmya=grandeur).
Devi Sri Prasad Devi Sri Prasad(Telugu: దేవి శ్రీ ప్రసాద్)(born 1982) is a well known music director in South Indian movies especially Tollywood. He went on to stardom with super hit Varsham, which ran 175 days in many theatres.
Deviance information criterion The deviance information criterion (DIC) is a hierarchical modeling generalization of the AIC (Akaike information criterion) and BIC (Bayesian information criterion, also known as the Schwarz criterion). It is particularly useful in Bayesian model selection problems where the posterior distributions of the models have been obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation.
Deviancy amplification spiral Deviancy amplification spiral is a media hype phenomenon defined by media critics as an increasing cycle of reporting on a category of antisocial behavior or other undesirable events. In 1972, Stanley Cohen wrote a book, Folk Devils and Moral Panics, whose thesis is that moral panics usually include what he called a deviancy amplification spiral.
Deviant (comics) The Deviants are a fictional race of superhumans in the Marvel Comics' universe. They are an offshoot of humanity created on Earth by the alien Celestials, and wage war against their counterparts, the Eternals.
Deviant sexual intercourse Deviant sexual intercourse is a legal term for any act of sexual gratification involving the sex organs of one person and the mouth or anus of another or involving penetration of the anus or vagina of one person by a foreign object manipulated by another person. Typically, the act itself is not a crime, but the term is used to describe forceable or otherwise involuntary acts that differ from the crime of rape.
Deviates The Deviates were a punk rock band from South Bay California. They formed in the winter of 1994 when their members were in their mid-teens and slowly built a following in the South Bay where Pennywise guitarist Fletcher Dragge got interested in them.
Deviation anaylsis Deviation analysis is the monitoring of the behavior of people or objects within systems to measure compliance with expected or desired norms. Deviation analysis in security can be used to monitor trusted systems to trigger alerts, identity users or spot anomalies when user behaviors (or system processes) deviate from expected or authorized parameters.
Device Bay Device Bay was a standard jointly developed by Compaq, Intel and Microsoft in 1997, as a simple way to add, remove, and share hardware devices. Originally intended to be introduced in the second half of 1998, Device Bay was never finalized and has long since been abandoned.
Device driver A device driver, or a software driver is a specific type of computer software, typically developed to allow interaction with hardware devices. This usually constitutes an interface for communicating with the device, through the specific computer bus or communications subsystem that the hardware is connected to, providing commands to and/or receiving data from the device, and on the other end, the requisite interfaces to the operating system and software applications.
Device Description Repository The Device Description Repository is a concept proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Device Description Working Group (DDWG). The proposed repository would contain information about Web-enabled devices (particularly mobile devices) so that content could be adapted to suit.
Device file A device file or special file is an interface for a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file. This allows software to interact with the device driver using standard input/output system calls, which simplifies many tasks.
Device Forts The Device Forts are a series of artillery fortifications built in England by Henry VIII. After his divorce of Catherine of Aragon left England politically isolated, a treaty between France and Spain in 1538 aroused fears of invasion.
Device Independence Device Independence is making the web accessible by any device under any circumstance and by all people. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has initiated the Device Independence Working Group whose aim is for a unified web which is accessible from many types of devices.
Device mapper In the Linux kernel, the Device-mapper is a generic framework to map one block device into another. It forms the foundation of LVM2 and EVMS, software RAIDs, Cryptoloop file system encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots.
Device Management Device Management is a standard where users do not have to worry about managing the software on their mobile phone. The mobile carrier or supplier can access the phone's data through the Internet and make such necessary changes as updating the mobile's software, handling debugging issues, and installing applications.
Device Manager The Device Manager is a Control Panel applet included with Microsoft Windows operating systems that allows the user to display and control the hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted where the user can deal with it.
Device node A device node, device file, or device special file is a type of special file used on many Unix-like operating systems. Device nodes facilitate transparent communication between user space applications and computer hardware.
Device paradigm The concept of the device paradigm is an important concept of the philosophy of technology. It was introduced by Albert Borgmann to help in understanding the nature of modern technology, and refers to the way "technological devices" are perceived and consumed in modern society.
DeviceNet DeviceNet is a communication protocol used in automation industry to interconnect devices such as sensors and actuators. It uses Controller Area Network as the backbone technology, and defines strong application layer to cover a vast range of device profiles.
Devidramon Devidramon is a fictional character from the Digimon franchise, a Champion Level Dark Dragon Digimon with four blood-red eyes. It is usually rode by Digimon such as Devimon and it has been said to have been created as a result of hackers misusing the network.
Devil The Devil is a title given to the supernatural entity, who, in Christianity, Islam, and certain other faiths, is the most powerful evil entity and the tempter of humankind. God and the Devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the souls of humans, with the Devil seeking to lure people away from God and into hell.
Devil (Dungeons & Dragons) In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, devils are lawful evil outsiders native to the Nine Hells of Baator. Devils subjugate the weak and rule tyrannically over their domains; the most numerous type are called baatezu (IPA: ).
Devil Bunny Hates the Earth Devil Bunny Hates the Earth is a board game for 2-5 players produced by Cheapass Games. According to the plot, Devil Bunny is trying to destroy the earth by making "very unsatisfying" Salt water taffy.
Devil Bunny Needs a Ham Devil Bunny Needs a Ham is a board game by Cheapass Games for 2-4 players. In the game, sous-chefs (represented by the player) trying to climb up a building while Devil Bunny attempts to knock them off in the mistaken belief that doing so will get him a ham.
Devil Doll (film) Devil Doll is a 1964 suspense film about an evil ventriloquist, "The Great Vorelli," and his dummy Hugo. Decades after its initial release, it was featured on a 1997 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000.
Devil fish The devil fish, Mobula mobular, also known as the giant devil ray, is an Eagle ray in the family Myliobatidae. They are endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and can be found elsewhere in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, off the southwest coast of Ireland and south of Portugal.
Devil in a Blue Dress Devil in a Blue Dress is a 1990 hardboiled mystery novel by Walter Mosley, the first of his mystery novels featuring Easy Rawlins, a black detective in post-World War II Southern California. The novel addresses issues of race and gender, as well as the post-war condition of black Americans.
Devil in Her Heart "Devil In Her Heart" was a George Harrison stage number during 1962 - 1963, originally released in 1961 by The Donays as "(There’s A) Devil In His Heart" on Brent 7033 / b-side "Bad Boy" and written by Richard P. Drapkin.
Devil in Jersey City "Devil in Jersey City" is a song by progressive rock band Coheed and Cambria from their 2002 album The Second Stage Turbine Blade. It is sometimes also referred to as "Devil in New Jersey", though the band does not know how this started.
Devil in Your Soul "Devil in Your Soul" is a pop-rock song and the debut independent single from Australian singer-songwriter Tiffani Wood. Released on 18 July, 2005, it was the first musical release to be lifted from her very own record label, Mudhoney Records.
Devil Kitty Devil Kitty is a Japanese Visual Kei rock band with a punk-like style, merging visual kei with eccentric beats and a quirky vocals. The guitars in Devil Kitty were very high-gain rectofied sound, brittle with high-end.
Devil Lady Devil Lady (デビルマン レディー (Debiruman Redii) is an anime and manga about a woman named Jun Fudo. She lives in a city terrorised with beastlike humans and is secretly recruited to rid the city of them.
Devil May Cry (PlayStation Portable) Devil May Cry Series (working title) is an upcoming installment to the Capcom horror-action series Devil May Cry which is scheduled to be released on the PlayStation Portable handheld video game console. No release date(s) have been officially announced.
Devil May Cry 2 Devil May Cry 2 (frequently abbreviated to DMC2) is an action game developed by Capcom Production Studio 1 and published by Capcom in 2003 for the PlayStation 2. The game serves as a sequel to Devil May Cry and is the last game in the series to take place chronologically.
Devil May Cry 4 is the second sequel (Devil May Cry 3 being a prequel) to the Capcom horror-action game Devil May Cry, and the first scheduled for release on the PlayStation 3. It is being developed by the producers of Resident Evil 4 and the original Devil May Cry.
Devil sticks Devil stick (also Devil Stick, devilstick, devil-stick, Rhythm Stick, etc., or plural forms) manipulation is a form of gyroscopic juggling, or equilibristics and is generally considered to be one of the 'circus arts'.
Devil Summoner Devil Summoner is a Japanese console role-playing game that was originally released for the Sega Saturn in 1995, and later re-released in a slightly enhanced version for the PlayStation Portable in 2005. The game was never released in North America.
Devil Summoner II : Soul Hackers Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers is a Japanese console RPG that was originally released for the Sega Saturn in 1997, and later released in a slightly enhanced version for the Sony PlayStation in 1999. It is the sequel to the 1995 game Devil Summoner, and both games are considered spin-offs of the Megami Tensei series of RPGs.
Devil Woman "Devil Woman" is a 1976 hit single recorded by Cliff Richard for his album I'm Nearly Famous. It reached #9 on the UK Singles Chart in June 1976 and #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is Richard's third biggest-selling single (and his biggest hit in the USA) with over two million copies sold worldwide.
Devil Z Devil Z (pronounced "Zed") (Deviru-Zeto, Japanized) is the fictional antagonist in Transformers: Super-God Masterforce, one of the Transformers animated series, released exclusively in Japan in 1988. His voice is performed by Hidekatsu Shibata.
Devil's advocate In common parlance, a devil's advocate is someone who takes a position for the sake of argument. This practice is generally an instructional technique in which one person argues a position that another is less familiar with, thereby teaching proper argument.
Devil's Backbone (rock formation) Devil's Backbone is a rock formation and peninsula formed by the flow of Fourteen Mile Creek into the Ohio River, and is currently situated in Charlestown State Park near Charlestown, Indiana. On this bedrock ridge once stood a stone fortress that was supposedly built by Welsh explorers led by the legendary Prince Madoc sometime in the 12th century.
Devil's Beef Tub The Devil's Beef Tub is a deep, dramatic hollow in the hills north of the Scottish town of Moffat. The 500-foot (150 m) deep hollow is formed by four hills, Great Hill (1527 ft, 465 m), Peat Knowe, Annanhead Hill, and Ericstane Hill.
Devil's Brigade Properly designated as the 1st Special Service Force, the Devil's Brigade was a joint World War II American-Canadian commando unit trained at Fort Harrison near Helena, Montana in the United States. Many modern American and Canadian Special Forces units trace their heritage to this unit.
Devil's Brigade (band) Devil's Brigade is a psychobilly band and side project formed by Matt Freeman of Rancid fame. Some say that this band is simply Rancid playing psychobilly, because it features Tim Armstrong on guitar, and Brett Reed on Drums.
Devil's coach horse beetle The devil's coach-horse beetle (Staphylinus olens) is a very common and widespread European beetle, belonging to the large family of the Rove beetles (Staphylinidae). It is also called Ocypus olens by some authors and biologists.
Devil's curry Devil's Curry (curry debal in Kristang) is a very spicy curry served by members of the Kristang (CristĂŁo) Eurasian community in Singapore, and Malacca, Malaysia during Christmas and on other special occasions. The curry is flavored with candlenuts, galangal and vinegar.
Devil's Cub Devil's Cub is a novel written by Georgette Heyer, and is the sequel to These Old Shades. It is a delightful novel which weaves several storylines around the main romance plot, all written with the consummate wit and style that one expects of a Heyer.
Devil's Den (game) Devil's Den: Hood's Assault at Gettysburg was a board game that represented the fighting to control the key Devil's Den terrain feature during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. The wargame was written by Leonard Millman and Dr.
Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire Devil's Dyke (also called Devil's Ditch) is generally assumed to be an Anglo-Saxon earthwork in eastern Cambridgeshire, England, and one of the largest and best surviving examples in Britain. As a few potsherds of the early and late Bronze age were found in the most eastern part of the Fleam Dyke it seems that much older earthworks have been used.
Devil's Dyke, Sussex Devil's Dyke is a V-Shaped valley on the South Downs Way in southern England, near Brighton and Hove formed by the waters of the receding ice at the end of the last ice age. It is a common misconception that the valley was formed by glacial action.
Devil's food cake Devil's-food cake is a rich, chocolate layer cake. While it is often considered a counterpart to angel cake, the two cake types are very different: aside from being chocolate-flavored, devil's-food cake incorporates butter (or a substitute) and far less egg.
Devil's garden In myrmecology and forest ecology, a devil's garden is a large stand of trees in the Amazon rainforest consisting almost exclusively of a single species, Duroia hirsuta. Devil's gardens are immediately recognizable because the dominance of a single tree species is dramatically different from the biodiversity of the forest as a whole.
Devil's grandmother The devil's grandmother is a common figure in Russian folklore mainly used in curses and as a reason something has gone wrong. Also occasionally mentioned in less prominent roles are the devil's other relatives.
Devil's Game Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam is a book by Robert Dreyfuss, an investigative journalist. It discusses how Western governments supported the growth of Islamic radicals for several purposes.
Devil's Gate (Wyoming) Devil's Gate (Wyoming) is a natural rock formation, a gorge on the Sweetwater River a few miles southwest of Independence Rock. The site, significant in the history of western pioneers, was a major landmark on the Mormon trail and the Oregon Trail although the actual routes of travel did not pass through the very narrow gorge.
Devil's Grinding Mill Devil's Grinding Mill is part of The Angel's Drainpipe, a partially collapsed cave system on the River Eden which forms dramatic gorges and natural arches. It is located South of Kirkby Stephen within Stenkrith park.
Devil's Guard The 1971 publication, Devil's Guard, by George Robert Elford, is the story of a former German Waffen-SS officer's string of near-constant combat that begins on World War II's eastern front and continues into the book's focus--the First Indochina War, as an officer in the French Foreign Legion. There is also a similarly named, but unrelated, book called the Devil's Guard by Talbot Mundy.
Devil's Hole Devil's Hole is a deep limestone cave filled with water of approximately 30°C (86°F). This geothermal spring is officially part of Death Valley National Park and located in the Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge in Nevada.
Devil's Hole, Bermuda Devil's Hole is a large water-filled sinkhole close to the southeastern corner of Harrington Sound, Bermuda. At one time a subterranean ocean cave, it is fed by the Atlantic Ocean rather than the far closer sound, via an underground estuary.

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