Encyclopedia

Equilibrium constant In chemistry, the equilibrium constant is a quantity characterizing a chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction. It is a useful tool in determining the concentration of various reactants and products in a system where chemical equilibrium occurs.
Equilibrium moisture content The moisture content of wood below the fibre saturation point is a function of both relative humidity and temperature of surrounding air. The equilibrium moisture content is the moisture content at which the wood is neither gaining nor losing moisture; this however, is a dynamic equilibrium and changes with relative humidity and temperature.
Equilibrium thermodynamics Equilibrium Thermodynamics (Latin: aequalis = level and libra = weight or balance + Greek: thermos = heat and dynamis = power) is the systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems as they approach equilibrium. The word equilibrium implies a state of balance.
Equine conformation Horse conformation refers to the correctness of a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation in a horse can limit its ability to perform a specific task.
Equine forelimb anatomy The equine forelimb is the front, or thoracic limb of the horse. It is attached to the trunk of the animal by purely muscular connections (the serratus ventralis, rhomboideus, latissimus dorsi, brachiocephalicus, subclavius and pectoralis muscles).
Equine herpesvirus 1 Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes abortion in horses. Initial spread of EHV-1 by a newly introduced horse through direct and indirect contact can lead to abortion and perinatal infection in up to 70 percent of a previously unexposed herd.
Equine herpesvirus 2 Equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) is a virus of the family Herpesviridae, also known as equine cytomegalovirus. It has an uncertain role in respiratory disease in horses, but EHV-2 has been isolated from cases exhibiting symptoms such as coughing, conjunctivitis, and swollen submaxillary and parotid lymph nodes.
Equine infectious anemia Equine Infectious Anemia or Equine Infectious Anaemia (EIA), is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects. The virus is endemic in the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle and Far East, Russia, and South Africa.
Equine Massage Equine Massage is an area of increasing importance in horse care. Professional and recreational horse owners use it to improve performance, increase mobility and range of motion, and free up the horse's poll, neck, shoulders and lower back to improve jumping, bending, turning, stopping.
Equine nasal cysts Equine nasal cysts are epithelium lined, single or loculated cavities filled with fluid or pus. They normally form in the ventral concha, maxillary sinuses, and can extend down the nasal passages into the frontal sinuses.
Equinox Digital Music Distribution (DMD) Equinox Digital Music Distribution (DMD) is the world's largest exporter of music from Indonesia. Equinox DMD, a subsidiary of Equinox Publishing, was founded in February 2006 to distribute music from Indonesia to the iTunes Store.
Equinox Flower Equinox Flower (Higanbana, 1958) was Yasujiro Ozu's first film in color. Shin Saburi stars as a wealthy businessman who acts as a go-between for couples seeking arranged marriage, but is both unprepared and unhappy when his daughter decides to make wedding plans on her own.
Equinox NC (band) Equinox is a 6 piece band (vocals, guitar, keyboard, bass, drums, and saxophone) based in Chapel Hill, NC for over 10 years The band's music is a blend of jazz and blues. Equinox has been a featured performer at Weaver Street Market, Carrboro’s outdoor live music shows, Earth Fare in Chapel Hill, Tupelo’s Steak House in Hillsborough, the Hillsborough Jazz Festival, and the Fayetteville Blues and Brews Festival, as well as a staple artist at many UNC functions.
Equinoxe Equinoxe was the second major-label album release by Jean-Michel Jarre, released in 1978 on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor. The album has since sold more than 10 million copies in total, though still not as many as its predecessor Oxygene.
Equipartition theorem The equipartition theorem is a principle of classical (non-quantum) statistical mechanics which states that the internal energy of a system composed of a large number of particles at thermal equilibrium will distribute itself evenly among each of the quadratic degrees of freedom allowed to the particles of the system.
Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres Equipment and Protective systems intended for use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (ATEX) Directive 94/9/EC is a so-called "New Approach" Directive which provides the technical requirements to be applied to equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The Directive is named after the French "ATmosphere EXplosible" and it has been mandatory from 1st July 2003.
Equipment of the Iranian army From 1925 to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran used to be equipped with the very latest Western hardware. Cases exist where Iran was supplied with equipment even before it was made standard in the countries that developed it (for example the US F-14 Tomcat, or the British Chieftain Tank).
Equipment of the Polish Army The Polish military continues to use mostly Soviet-era equipment, however after joining NATO in 1999 Poland has begun upgrading and modernizing its hardware to Western standards. The General Staff has been reorganized into a NATO-compatible J/G-1 through J/G-6 structure.
Equipment of the United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard uses cutters and small boats on the water, and fixed- and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft in the air. They also use a variety of firearms, including handguns, rifles and machine guns.
Equipoise (horse) Equipoise (1928 - 1938) was a champion thoroughbred racehorse, a chestnut bred in the United States by Harry Payne Whitney and owned by his son, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. He was called the Chocolate Soldier by his fans, due to his elegance and symmetry—living up to his name.
Equipotential In mathematics and physics (especially electronics), a region is called equipotential if every point in it is at the same potential. This usually refers to a scalar potential, although it can also be applied to vector potentials.
Equirectangular projection The equirectangular projection, also called the equidistant cylindrical projection or geographic projection, is a very simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre by Ptolemy, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about 100 AD.Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections, John P.
Equirria The Equirria (Festival of Mars - held on February 27, First Equirria and March 14, Second Equirria) were holy days with religious and military significance at either end of the new year celebrations for Mars. The Roman state placed great emphasis on celebrating the god of war - to support the army, and to boost public morale.
Equitable Building (Manhattan) The Equitable Building is a 36-story office building in New York City, located at 120 Broadway in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. A landmark engineering achievement as a skyscraper, it was designed by Ernest R.
Equitable conversion Equitable conversion is a doctrine of the law of real property under which a purchaser of real property becomes the equitable owner of title to the property at the time he/she signs a contract binding him/her to purchase the land at a later date. The seller retains legal title of the property prior to the date of conveyance, but this land interest is considered personal property (a right to the payment of money, rather than a right to the property).
Equitable jurisdiction Equitable jurisdiction was established as a corrective system of justice designed to supplement the common law by responding more flexibility to the need for fair dealing and just outcomes. Under the equitable jurisdiction, someone would not be allowed to enforce his legal rights if it would be unconscionable for him to do so.
Equitable Life The Equitable Life Assurance Society (Equitable Life), founded 1762, is a life insurance company in the United Kingdom. It nearly collapsed in 2000 and had to cut the pensions and retirement savings of its policyholders to stay afloat.
Equitable PCI Bank ) is one of the largest bank]s in the [[Philippines, being the third-largest bank in terms of assets. It is known for a wide range of services from savings to insurance and, through Equitable CardNetwork, is the largest Philippine credit card issuer.
Equitable remedy In law, equitable remedies are the remedies developed and granted by the old courts of equity, such as the Court of Chancery in England, and still available today in common law jurisdictions.See generally, Meagher and Gummow, Equity, Doctrines and Remedies, 3rd ed.
Equitable score control Equitable stroke control is a method of recording scores used to calculate a golf handicap. Its purpose is to avoid recording a very high score on an individual hole which might inflate the handicap calculation.
Equitable servitude An equitable servitude is a term used in the law of real property to describe a nonpossessory interest in land that operates much like a covenant running with the land, requiring the landowner to maintain certain practices with respect to the land (e.g.
Equitable tolling Equitable tolling is a principle of tort law stating that a statute of limitations shall not bar a claim in cases where the plaintiff, despite use of due diligence, could not or did not discover the injury until after the expiration of the limitations period.
Equitas Equitas is the general label given to a group of companies linked to Lloyd's of London. It was set up in 1996 specifically to reinsure liabilities that had accumulated in the syndicates at Lloyd's of London on policies written from the 1930s up to and including 1992.
Equitation A rider's equitation is her/his ability to ride correctly with a strong, supple position and effective aids. This is judged in equitation classes, or classes at horse shows that mainly judge the rider's performance and control of their horse, as opposed to the performance of the horse.
Equitrac Equitrac is a corporation providing document management services, such as facsimile and photocopying use tracking systems. Other related services provided by Equitrac include back office integration and accounting aids.
Equity Equity is the name given to the set of legal principles, in countries following the English common law tradition (see English law), which supplement strict rules of law where their application would operate harshly, so as to achieve what is sometimes referred to as "natural justice." It is often confusingly contrasted with "law," which in this context refers to "statutory law" (the laws enacted by Parliament), and "common law" (the principles established by judges when they decide cases).
Equity and Reconciliation Commission (Morocco) The Equity and Reconciliation Commission ( (French acronym IER for Instance Equité et Réconciliation) is a Moroccan human rights and truth commission created on January 7, 2004 by King Mohammed VI in order to reconciliate victims of human rights abuses and attrocities- committed by Makhzen (the governing elite) during the Years of lead, with the State.
Equity Broadcasting Equity Broadcasting is a broadcasting company based in Little Rock, Arkansas that owns and operates 31 television stations across the United States plus one radio station (KWBF-FM) in the Little Rock market. The company has a focus on Hispanic and Asian American communities in large markets while owning a combination of English-language network affiliates in medium and small markets.
Equity co-investment An equity co-investment is a small minority investment made alongside a private equity investor, or financial sponsor, in an LBO, a recapitalization, or a growth capital transaction. It is a passive, non-controlling investment, as the private equity firm(s) involved will typically exercise control and perform monitoring functions.
Equity Card An Equity Card is proof of membership in Actors' Equity Association, an organization of stage actors. For some exclusive clubs catering to show-business types, the card can be used to prove that they are indeed the actor and not some look-alike imposter.
Equity derivative The term equity derivative describes a class of financial instruments whose value is at least partly derived from one or more underlying equity securities. Market participants trade equity derivatives in order to transfer or transform certain risks associated the underlying.
Equity for Africa Equity for Africa (EFA) is a British charitable trust which seeks to alleviate poverty in a self-sustaining way by creating jobs through investing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Africa, providing capital which would otherwise not available. In order to do this successfully, EFA also builds the infrastructure to deploy the capital and monitor the investments made.
Equity investment Equity investment generally refers to the buying and holding of shares of stock on a stock market by individuals and funds in anticipation of income from dividends and capital gain as the value of the stock rises. It also sometimes refers to the acquisition of equity (ownership) participation in a private (unlisted) company or a startup (a company being created or newly created).
Equity loan An equity loan is a mortgage placed on real estate in exchange for cash to the borrower. For example, if a person owns a home worth $100,000, but does not currently have a lien on it, they may take an equity loan at 80% loan to value (LTV) or $80,000 in cash in exchange for a lien on title placed by the lender of the equity loan.
Equity Linked Note An Equity Linked Note (ELN) is a debt instrument, usually a bond, that differs from a standard fixed-income security in that the final payout is based on the return of the underlying equity, which can be a single stock, basket of stocks or an equity index. A typical ELN is principal-protected, i.
Equity market neutral Equity market neutral is a hedge fund strategy that seeks to exploit investment opportunities unique to some specific group of stocks while maintaining a neutral exposure to broad groups of stocks defined for example by sector, industry, market capitalization, country or region.
Equity premium puzzle The equity premium puzzle is a term coined by economists Rajnish Mehra and Edward Prescott in 1985. It is based on the observation that in order to reconcile the much higher return on stocks compared to government bonds in the United States, individuals must have implausibly high risk aversion according to standard economics models.
Equity stripping Equity stripping, also known as equity skimming or foreclosure rescue, scams can include an assortment of predatory real estate practices aimed at vulnerable, often low-income, homeowners facing foreclosure in the United States. Often considered a form of predatory lending, equity stripping began to spring up in the early 2000s and is conducted by investors or small companies that take properties from foreclosed homeowners in exchange for allowing the homeowner to stay in the property as a tenant.
Equity theory J Stacy Adams, in his work on compensation asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and outcomes of others.
Equity trading Equity trading is a multi-faceted term to describe the buying and selling of equity securities (fractional ownership in a government registered corporation), whether as principal or agent (intermediary acting on behalf of principal).
Equity value Equity value is a market-based measure of the equity value of a firm. It accounts for all the ownership interest in a firm including the value of unexercised stock options and securities convertible to equity.
Equivalence group The term equivalence group is used in developmental biology to describe a subset of incompletely differentiated cells that are each able to adopt the same cellular fates. This means that any one cell in an equivalence group has the potential to become the same cell types that any other cell in that equivalence is able to become.
Equivalence point Equivalence point or stoichiometric point occurs during a chemical titration when the amount of titrant added is equivalent, or equal, to the amount of analyte present in the sample. In some cases there are multiple equivalence points which are multiples of the first equivalent point, such as in the titration of a diprotic acid.
Equivalence principle In the physics of relativity, the equivalence principle is applied to several related concepts dealing with gravitation and the uniformity of physical measurements in different frames of reference. They are related to the Copernican idea that the laws of physics should be the same everywhere in the universe, to the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and also to Albert Einstein's assertion that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is actually the same as the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference.
Equivalent airspeed Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is the airspeed which represents the same dynamic pressure at altitude that would be generated by flying at the corresponding true airspeed (TAS) at sea level. It is useful for predicting aircraft handling, aerodynamic loads, stalling etc.
Equivalent carbon content The equivalent carbon content of a steel alloy refers to method of measuring the maximum hardness and the weldability of the alloy based on the chemical composition of the alloy. Higher concentrations of carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, and nickel tend to increase the hardness and decrease the weldability of the material.
Equivalent dose The equivalent dose (HT) is a measure of the radiation dose to tissue where an attempt has been made to allow for the different relative biological effect of different types of ionizing radiation. Equivalent dose is therefore a less fundamental quantity than radiation absorbed dose, but is more biologically significant.
Equivalent Exchange In the fictional world of the Fullmetal Alchemist anime series, is a version of the Antoine Lavoisier's law of conservation of matter, and the primary law that governs the science of alchemy. Alchemist Alphonse Elric offers this simple explanation of the law after restoring a broken radio:
Equivalent isotropically radiated power In radio communication systems, Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) or, alternatively, Effective isotropic radiated power is the amount of power that would have to be emitted by an isotropic antenna (that evenly distributes power in all directions and is a theoretical construct) to produce the peak power density observed in the direction of maximum antenna gain. EIRP can take into account the losses in transmission line and connectors and includes the gain of the antenna.
Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank The Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER) is the national Australian tertiary entrance score, administered by the AVCC (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee). It is designed to make it easy to compare entrance scores for students educated in different process of admission for university applicants from interstate.
Equivalent potential temperature Equivalent potential temperature, commonly referred to as Theta-e left( theta_e right), is a measure of the instability of air at a given pressure, humidity, and temperature. Theta-e is the temperature of one parcel of air at 100 kPa (1000 mbar) after considering the energy from when the water vapor in the parcel is condensed.
Equivalent pulse code modulation noise In telecommunication, equivalent pulse code modulation noise (PCM) is the amount of thermal noise power on a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) or wire channel necessary to approximate the same judgment of speech quality created by quantizing noise in a PCM channel.
Equivalent variation Equivalent variation (EV) is a measure of how much more money a consumer would pay before a price increase to avert the price increase. John Hicks (1939) is attributed with introducing the concept of compensating and equivalent variation.
Equivalent weight Equivalent weight is the atomic weight of an element or radical divided by the valence it assumes in a chemical compound. When choosing primary standards in analytical chemistry, compounds with higher equivalent weights are generally more desirable because weighing errors are reduced or minimized.
Equivariant cohomology In mathematics, equivariant cohomology is a theory from algebraic topology which applies to spaces with a group action. It can be viewed as a common generalization of group cohomology and an ordinary cohomology theory.
Equix Equix Biomechanics is a company in Lexington, Kentucky, which analyzes the physiology of thoroughbred racehorses to determine what factors into their success, and uses this knowledge to analyze the potential of horses and suggest possible breedings which may prove successful.
Equol Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiol metabolized from Daidzein, a type of Isoflavone, by bacterial flora in the intestines. While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids, equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen.
Equus (comics) Equus is a fictional comic book supervillain, a cyborg mercenary in the DC Comics universe who serves as an opponent of Superman. Created by writer Brian Azzarello and artist Jim Lee, he first appeared in Superman #206 (August 2004), which was published in June 2004.
EQ SQ Theory Simon Baron-Cohen, in his book, The Essential Difference: The Truth About the Male and Female Brain, hypothesizes that "the female brain is predominantly hard-wired for empathy. The male brain is predominantly hard-wired for understanding and building systems.
EQEmu EQEmulator (or EQEmu) is a GNU GPL open source server emulator for the MMORPG EverQuest. Normally, the game is a service that players pay for so they can connect to Sony Online Entertainment's exclusive servers.
EQP EQP, an abbreviation for equational prover, is an automated theorem proving program for equational logic, developed by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was one of the provers used for solving a longstanding problem posed by Herbert Robbins, namely, whether all Robbins algebras are Boolean algebras.
Er Sha Island Er Sha Island (Er Sha Dao), is an island located in Guangzhou, China. It houses the American International School of Guangzhou, several apartment complexes, a badminton stadium, and a government sports training facility.
Er:YAG laser Er:YAG is an acronym for Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:Y3Al5O12), a compound that is used as the lasing medium for certain solid-state lasers. Er:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 2940 nm, in the infrared.
Era Era is a word used in English since 1615, derived from Late Latin aera "an era or epoch from which time is reckoned," probably identical to Latin æra "counters used for calculation," plural of æs "brass, money".
Era (geology) A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an Eon into smaller buckets. The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such timeframes: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record.
Era (musical project) Era is a music project by Eric Levi that is often based around chants in an imaginary language close to Latin. The music could be described as New Age and can be considered similar to artists such as Enigma and Deep Forest.
Era (publisher) A ERA is a Bulgarian publishing house crated by Tsvetelina Decheva (DeÄŤeva; president) in 1996. It publishes mainly translated works by authors such as Jeffery Deaver, Orson Scott Card, Agatha Christie, Katerine Eliot, and Aleksandr Belov.
Era Bell Thompson Era Bell Thompson (10 August 1905–30 December 1986) was a graduate of the University of North Dakota (UND) and an editor of Ebony magazine. She was also a recipient of the governor of North Dakota's Roughrider Award.
Era name An era name was assigned as the name of each year by the leader (emperor or king) of the East Asian countries of China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam during some portion of their history. The people of the country referred to that year by that name.
Era of Good Feelings The Era of Good Feelings describes the period from 1815-18241 when partisan bitterness largely disappeared in United States politics. The phrase was coined by Benjamin Russell, publisher, in the Boston Newspaper Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817, following the good-will visit to Boston of President James Monroe.
Era of Martyrs The anno Diocletiani era or the Diocletian era or the Era of Martyrs is a method of numbering years used by Alexandrian Christians during the fourth and fifth centuries. Western Christians were aware of it but did not use it.
Era Online Era Online is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game developed by Erling Ellingsen for the Windows PC. Work on the project began in November 1998, and continued under Ellingsen's direction until May 2000, when the work was discontinued.
Eradicator (Algerian politics) In the Algerian Civil War, a popular analysis divided the ruling generals into two factions. The eradicators (Ă©radicateurs) were those who opposed negotiation with what they termed terrorists, preferring to "eradicate" them.
Eragon (video game) Eragon is a video game released for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Microsoft Windows, developed by Stormfront Studios. Also released are unique versions of Eragon for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and PSP handheld gaming systems, developed by Amaze Entertainment.
Eraillure In lithic analysis (a subdivision of archaeology), an eraillure is a small secondary flake removed from a lithic flake's bulb of force, which is a lump left on the ventral surface of a flake after it is detached from a core of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. The mechanics of eraillure formation are related to the propagation of a Hertzian cone of force through the cryptocrystalline matrix of the stone, but the particulars are poorly understood.
Eramosa River The Eramosa River is a river in Wellington County in western Ontario which rises near Erin, Ontario and flows southwest through the city of Guelph, where it joins the Speed River, which then enters the Grand River in Cambridge.
Eran Groumi Eran Groumi (born June 5, 1970 in Jerusalem) is a former backstroke and butterfly swimmer from Israel, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There he did not advance past the first round of the competition.
Erana Erana is a fictional character from Sierra Entertainment's classic graphic adventure series Quest for Glory. She was referenced throughout the series before she finally appeared in Quest for Glory IV: Shadows of Darkness.
Eraring Energy Eraring Energy is an electricity generation company in Australia. It is fully owned by the Government of New South Wales, and has a portfolio of generating sites using thermal coal, wind, and hydroelectric power.
Erasable programmable logic device EPLD stands for "Electrical" programmable logic device and is an integrated circuit that is comprised of an array of programmable logic devices that do not come pre-connected; the connections are programmed electrically by the user..
Eraser An eraser (American English), primarily known as a rubber in British and Commonwealth English, is an article of stationery that is used for removing pencil and sometimes pen writings. Erasers have a rubbery consistency, and they are often white, brown or pink although with modern materials they can be any color at all.
Eraser vs Yöjalka Eraser vs Yöjalka (also known as EvsY) are Julius Lehmuskallio (Eraser) and Simo Ojala (Yöjalka), a Suomisaundi-style psytrance-project from Finland. Both studied music and classical instruments, and started making music together in 2000.
Erasmo Carlos Erasmo Carlos, born Erasmo Esteves on June 5, 1941, in the Tijuca area of Rio de Janeiro, is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, most closely associated with his friend and longtime collaborator Roberto Carlos (no relation). Together, they have created many chart hits including "É Proibido Fumar".
Erasmo of Narni Erasmo of Narni (1370 - 1443), better known as "Gattamelata", (nickname meaning "The Honeyed Cat") was among the most famous of the condottieri or mercenaries in the Italian Renaissance. He was born in Narni, and served a number of Italian city-states: he began with Braccio da Montone, served Pope and Florence equally, and served Venice in 1434 in the battles with the Visconti of Milan.
Erasmus Alvey Darwin Erasmus Alvey Darwin (December 29 1804–26 August 1881), nicknamed Eras or Ras, was the older brother of Charles Darwin, born five years earlier, and also brought up at the family home, The Mount House, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. He was the only other boy in the family, the fourth of six children of Robert and Susannah Darwin (née Wedgwood), and the grandson of Erasmus Darwin, and of Josiah Wedgwood, a family of the Unitarian church.
Erasmus D. Keyes Erasmus Darwin Keyes (May 29 1810 – October 14 1895) was a businessman, banker and military general, noted for leading the IV Corps of the Union Army of the Potomac during the first half of the American Civil War.
Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel The Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel is an institute of higher education based in Brussels, Belgium. It is associated with the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and together they make up the Brussels University Association (Universitaire Associatie Brussel).
Erasmus Prize The Erasmus Prize is an annual prize awarded by the Praemium Erasmianum Foundation, a Dutch non-profit organization, to individuals or institutions that have made notable contributions to European culture, society, or social science. The Praemium Erasmianum Foundation was founded on 23 June 1958 by Prince Bernhard.
Erast Fandorin Erast Petrovich Fandorin (Russian: Эраст Петрович Фандорин) is a fictional 19th-century Russian detective and the hero of a series of Russian historical detective novels by Boris Akunin. The first novel was published in Russia in 1998, and the latest was published in November 2006.
Erast Garin Erast Pavlovich Garin (; – 4 September 1980) was, together with Igor Ilyinsky and Sergey Martinson, one of leading comic actors of Vsevolod Meyerhold's company and of the Soviet cinema. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1977.

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