Encyclopedia

Exemplars The Exemplars is a fictional group appearing in the Marvel Comics universe. It was made up of eight humans -- Bedlam, Carnivore, Conquest, Decay, Inferno, Juggernaut, Stonecutter and Tempest -- who were empowered by the Octessence.
Exempt property Exempt property, under the law of property in many jurisdictions, is property that can neither be passed by will nor claimed by creditors of the deceased in the event that a decedant leaves a surviving spouse or surviving descendants. Typically, exempt property includes a family car, and a certain amount of cash (perhaps $10,000-$20,000), or the equivalent value in personal property.
Exempted addressee In telecommunication, an exempted addressee is an organization, activity, or person included in the collective address group of a message and deemed by the message originator as having no need for the information in the message.
Exequatur An exequatur is a patent which a head of state issues to a foreign consul which guarantees the consul's rights and privileges of the office and ensures recognition in the state to which the consul is appointed to exercise such powers. If a consul is not appointed by commission, the consul receives no exequatur; the government will usually provide some other means to recognize the consul.
Exercise (options) The owner of an option contract may exercise it, indicating that the financial transaction specified by the contract is to be enacted immediately between the two parties, and the contract itself is terminated. When exercising a call, the owner of the option purchases the underlier at the strike price from the option seller, while for a put, the owner of the option sells the underlier to the option seller.
Exercise and stimulants Stimulants, such as caffeine, ephedrine/Ma Huang, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine, are commonly believed to grant users increased physical strength and endurance, and resistance to pain. These substances, however, may cause serious health problems.
Exercise bulimia Exercise bulimia is a subset of the psychological disorder called bulimia in which a person is compelled to exercise in an effort aimed at burning the calories of food energy and fat reserves to an excessive level that negatively affects their health. The damage normally occurs through not giving the body adequate rest for athletic recovery compared to their exercise levels, leading to increasing levels of disrepair.
Exercise Cambrian Patrol Exercise CAMBRIAN PATROL is an annual patrolling competition that takes place throughout the Cambrian Mountains of mid-Wales. An internationally recognized military exercise, previous participants have included numerous European states, in addition to Canada and the United States.
Exercise Eskimo A military exercise named Exercise Eskimo was held in the winter of 1944-45, in Saskatchewan to test existing methods of winter warfare by United States Army Air Forces and Canadian Army forces. Montreal Lake was a target area for dropping supplies by B-17 Flying Fortress and the then secret B-29.
Exercise induced nausea Exercise induced nausea is a feeling of sickness or vomiting which can occur shortly after exercise has stopped as well as during exercise itself. It may be a symptom of either over exertion during exercise, or from too abruptly ending an exercise session.
Exercise intolerance Exercise Intolerance is a medical term used to describe a condition where the patient is unable to do physical exercise at the level that would be expected of someone in his or her general physical condition, or experiences unusually severe post-exercise pain, fatigue, or other negative effects. Exercise intolerance is not a disease or syndrome in and of itself, but a symptom.
Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) also known as "bleeding" or a "bleeding attack" has been known to occur in horses that engage in short periods of strenuous exercise. These horses usually include thoroughbred racehorses, standardbred and quarter horses.
Exercise physiology Exercise physiology is the identification of physiological mechanisms underlying physical activity, the comprehensive delivery of treatment services concerned with the analysis, improvement, and maintenance of health and fitness, rehabilitation of heart disease and other chronic diseases and/or disabilities, and the professional guidance and counsel of athletes and others interested in athletics, sports training, and human adaptability to acute and chronic exercise.
Exercise Pitch Black Exercise Pitch Black is a biannual military exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force. The exercise is normally held in Northern Australia (there have been a few exceptions) primarily at RAAF Bases Darwin and Tindal.
Exercise REFORGER Exercise REFORGER (from REturn of FORces to GERmany) was an annual exercise conducted, during the Cold War, by the United States Army. The exercise was intended to ensure that the United States had the ability to quickly deploy forces to Germany in the event of a conflict with the Soviet Union.
Exercise Talisman Sabre Exercise Talisman Sabre is one of Australia's largest multilateral military training exercises. Beginning in mid 2001 and occurring every two years, Talisman Sabre involves joint exercises performed by the Australian Defence Force and the United States Military at the Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area in Central Qld, Australia.
Exercise Tocsin Exercise Tocsin was an emergency preparndess drill by the government of Canada that simulated a nuclear attack by the USSR on Canada. Every law enforcement agency, provinicial, and municipal government took part in the exercise.
Exercise urticaria Exercise urticaria, commonly referred to as exercise allergy, itchy legs, itchy legs syndrome or itchy pants syndrome, is a form of urticaria that happens during exercise. It is characterized by itching, swelling or hives on the legs, arms, torso or neck during or after exercise.
Exercises in Style Exercises in Style, written by Raymond Queneau (in French, the original title is Exercices de style) is a collection of 99 retellings of the same story, each in a different style. In each, the narrator gets on the "S" bus (now no.
Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, (An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings) is the best-known work of the physician William Harvey. The book was first published in 1628, and had an immediate and far-reaching influence on Harvey's contemporaries; Thomas Hobbes said that Harvey was the only modern author whose doctrines were taught in his lifetime.
Exergasia Exergasia (from the Greek εξ, ex, "out" and εργον, ergon, "work") is a form of parallelism where one idea is repeated and only the way it is stated is changed.Silva Rhetoricae (2006).
Exergue Exergue is the space on a coin beneath the main design, often used to show the coin's date, although it is sometimes left blank or containing a mintmark, privy mark, or some other decorative or informative design feature.
Exerloper Exerlopers are an unusual-looking exercise boot equipped with a half-moon-shaped spring attached to the sole. The boots were invented by Montreal's Gregory Lekhtman in 1985 and offer wearers the ability to run on hard surfaces with little impact on knees and other joints.
Exerlopers Exerlopers are an unusual-looking exercise boot equipped with a half-moon-shaped spring attached to the sole. The boots were invented by Montreal's Gregory Lekhtman in 1985 and offer wearers the ability to run on hard surfaces with little impact on knees and other joints.
Exerodonta Exerodonta is a genus of frogs in the Hylidae family. This genus was resurrected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae family 11 species that were previously placed in the Hyla] genus were moved to this genus.
Exetel Exetel is an Australian ISP which provides ADSL, web hosting, VOIP, and other internet services. It is based in offices in North Sydney and its switching centre is in a secure Data Centre facility in the Sydney CBD.
Exeter (CDP), New Hampshire Exeter CDP is a census-designated place comprising the main settled portions of the town of Exeter, New Hampshire in Rockingham County. The details reported here are also included in the aggregate values reported for the entire town.
Exeter Book The Exeter Book, also known as the Codex Exoniensis, is a tenth century book (or, as some prefer, a codex) of Anglo-Saxon poetry. The book was donated to the library of the Exeter Cathedral by Leofric, the first bishop of Exeter.
Exeter crossing loop collision The Exeter crossing loop collision was a railway accident that occurred between two trains at Exeter railway station in New South Wales in the 1914, just before the line was duplicated. The crash happened in a fog.
Exeter Canal The Exeter canal was built in 1563 which means it predates the "canal mania" period and is one of the oldest artificial waterways in the UK. It was built to bypass the blocking of the River Exe by the Earls of Devon.
Exeter Cathedral The founding of the cathedral at Exeter, dedicated to Saint Peter, dates from 1050, when the seat of the bishop of Devon and Cornwall was transferred from Crediton because of a fear of sea-raids. A Saxon minster already existing within the town (and dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Peter) was used by Bishop Leofric as his seat, but services were often held out of doors, close to the site of the present cathedral building.
Exeter Central railway station Exeter Central railway station is the smaller of Exeter's main railway stations, but is the most conveniently located. It is located on the London Waterloo-Exeter main line, and is also served by local services to Exmouth, Paignton and Barnstaple.
Exeter Exchange The Exeter Exchange (popularly known as Exeter Change) was a building on the north side of the Strand in London, with an arcade extending partway across the carriageway. It is most famous for the menagerie that occupied its upper floors for over 50 years, from 1773 until it was demolished in 1829.
Exeter United F.C. Exeter United were a football club from Exeter, Devon, who played between 1890 and 1904 and are one of the forerunner clubs of the modern Exeter City. In 1904, Exeter United lost 3-1 to local rivals St Sidwell's United and after the match, it was agreed that the two clubs should become one.
Exeter, Pennsylvania Exeter is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, about 10 miles (16 Km) west of Scranton. The borough is in the middle of a fertile agricultural area, and some lumber and coal-mining had been carried out early on.
Exeter, South Australia Exeter is a north-western suburb of Adelaide 14km from the CBD, on the LeFevre Peninsula, in the state of South Australia, Australia and falls under the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. It is adjacent to Semaphore, Birkenhead, Largs Bay and Glanville.
Exfoliation (botany) Exfoliation (from the term "foliate", meaning “related to leaves”) means the removal or loss of leaves from a plant. It is used both to describe the loss of a leaves as a natural part of a plant’s life cycle (such as in the case of deciduous trees which loose their leaves in the autumn) or because of some trauma or outside cause (such as dehydration, an infestation of caterpillars or hurricane-force winds).
ExFAT exFAT (Extended File Allocation System) is a new file system suited especially for flash drives introduced with Windows CE 6.0, and will be made available for all modern versions of Microsoft Windows after the release of Windows Vista.
Exhale (CD) Exhale was the self-titled CD by the female group Exhale, released in 2002. It was manufactured and distributed by Orpheus Music, and was available at Best Buy (possibly more stores, but only proven to be sold at Best Buy).
Exhaust brake Since diesel engines lack a throttle valve on the intake manifold, there is no intake vacuum when the engine is not fueling. The intake vacuum creates the slowing effect felt in gasoline engines when they are going down a hill with the foot off the gas.
Exhaust stroke The exhaust stroke is the fourth of four stages in an internal combustion engine cycle. In this stage gases remaining in the cylinder from the fuel ignited during the compression step are removed from the cylinder through a valve at the top of the cylinder.
Exhaust system An exhaust system conveys burnt gases from an internal combustion engine and typically includes a collection of exhaust pipes. In the most basic sense, the exhaust system simply vents waste gases from the engine.
Exhaustion by compact sets In mathematics, especially analysis, exhaustion by compact sets of an open set E in the Euclidean space Rn (or a manifold with countable base) is an increasing sequence of compact sets K_j, where by increasing we mean K_j is a subset of K_{j+1}, with the limit (union) of the sequence being E.
Exhaustion of remedies The doctrine of exhaustion of remedies prevents a litigant from seeking a remedy in a new court or jurisdiction until all claims or remedies have been exhausted (pursued as fully as possible) in the original one. The doctrine was originally created by case law based on the principles of comity.
Exhaustion of rights Exhaustion of rights, or the doctrine of exhaustion, is a concept in intellectual property law whereby an intellectual property owner will lose or "exhaust" certain rights after the first use of the subject matter which is the subject of intellectual property rights. For example, the ability of a trademark owner to control further sales of a product bearing its mark are generally "exhausted" following the sale of that product.
Exhibit (Legal) An exhibit, in a criminal prosecution, is physical evidence often bought before the jury in the form of exhibits whereby the artifact itself is presented for the jury's inspection. Examples may include a weapon allegedly used in the crime, or documents relevant to the case.
Exhibit 13 Exhibit 13 is a song by Blue Man Group from their album The Complex. The song's title comes from a scorched piece of paper which blew into the Carroll Gardens neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on September 11, 2001 immediately after the attacks on the World Trade Center.
Exhibition (MTR) Exhibition (會展) is a station on MTR's proposed North Island Link, an extension of Tung Chung Line. If built, it will serve the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre at Wan Chai North, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.
Exhibition (scholarship) At the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and at Winchester College, an exhibition is a financial award or grant to an individual student, normally on grounds of merit. The amount is less than a scholarship.
Exhibition Centre railway station Exhibition Centre station - previously called Finnieston - is in Glasgow on the Argyle Line. It serves the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre which is accessible by adjoining footbridge from an island platform.
Exhibition designer Exhibition Design (or Exhibit Design) is the design of displays, furnishings or environments for non-residential interior spaces - typically temporary - such as for commercial tradeshows, public events, museums, libraries and retail spaces.
Exhibition drill A drill team that is affiliated with the military will sometimes perform exhibition drill. Exhibition drill, also known as "fancy drill" is a modified routine that involves complex marching sequences that usually deviate from standard drill.
Exhibition game An exhibition game is the North American term for a sporting event in which there is no gain or loss from whether the competitors are victorious or not in the competition. The comparable British term is friendly match.
Exhibition MLR station, Sydney Exhibition is a light rail stop on the Metro Light Rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The station is located in the Darling Harbour precinct, opposite the Sydney Exhibition Centre, a complex network of six massive exhibition halls for holding expos and trade fairs.
Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations was a World's Fair held in 1853 in New York City, in the wake of the highly successful 1851 Great Exhibition in London. It aimed to to showcase the new industrial achievements of the world and also to demonstrate the nationalistic pride of a relatively young nation and all that she stood for.
Exhibition Place Exhibition Place is mixed-use property on the Toronto shore of Lake Ontario, a few kilometers west of the central business district. The 197–acre area features expo, trade, and banquet centers, theater and music buildings, parkland, sports facilities, and a number of civic, provincial, and national historic sites.
Exhibition railway line, Brisbane The Exhibition line is a special-purpose railway line in Brisbane, Australia. It conveys QR Citytrain passengers only during the Royal Queensland Show (commonly known as the "Ekka") in August, and is known informally as the Ekka Loop.
Exhibition shooting Exhibition shooting or trick shooting is a sport in which a marksman performs various feats of skill, usually using non-traditional targets. Exhibition shooting tends to stress both speed and accuracy, often with elements of danger added.
Exhorder Exhorder was a thrash metal and then groove metal band formed in New Orleans, USA during the late 1980s. They are often credited as the purveyors of the groove-oriented thrash sound later made famous by bands such as Pantera, Machine Head, and White Zombie.
Exchange bias Exchange bias or exchange anisotropy occurs in bilayers (or multilayers) of magnetic materials where the hard magnetization behavior of an antiferromagnetic thin film causes a shift in the soft magnetization curve of a ferromagnetic film. The exchange bias phenomenon is of tremendous utility in magnetic recording, where it is used to pin the state of the readback heads of hard disk drives at exactly their point of maximum sensitivity; hence the term "bias.
Exchange coffee house First known as the "City Tavern," kept by Robert Tesseyman, this 19th century hotel in Montréal, Canada later became the Exchange Coffee House. The hotel was a common place of rest for transient travellers and Upper Canada merchants.
Exchange Equalisation Account The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is the fund of Her Majesty's Treasury in the UK holding the country's reserves of foreign currencies, gold, and Special Drawing Rights. It can be used to manage the value of the pound sterling on international markets.
Exchange interaction In particle physics, an exchange interaction or exchange force is the quantum mechanical effect of increasing or decreasing the energy of two or more fermions when their wave functions overlap. A decrease in the total energy of the system corresponds to a bonding (binding) effect whereas an energy increase correlates to an anti-bonding (anti-binding) effect.
Exchange matrix In mathematics, especially linear algebra, the exchange matrix is a special case of a permutation matrix, where the 1 elements reside on the antidiagonal and all other elements are zero. In other words, it is a 'row-reversed' or 'column-reversed' version of the identity matrix.
Exchange Place, Jersey City Exchange Place is an urban area of Jersey City, New Jersey on the shore of the Hudson River, that is sometimes referred to as "Wall Street West". The Goldman Sachs Tower and other buildings are home to many financial corporations.
Exchange rate In finance, the exchange rate (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. For example an exchange rate of 120 Japanese yen (JPY, ÂĄ) to the United States dollar (USD, $) means that JPY 120 is worth the same as USD 1.
Exchange Stabilization Fund The Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) is a branch of the United States Treasury Department which manages a portfolio of domestic and foreign currencies for the purpose of foreign exchange intervention. This particular arrangement (as opposed to having the central bank intervene directly) allows the US government to influence the exchange rate without affecting domestic money supply.
Exchange transfusion An exchange transfusion is a medical treatment in which apheresis is used to remove one person's red blood cells or platelets and replace them with transfused blood products. Exchange transfusion is used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including:
Exchange variation In chess, an exchange variation is a type of opening in which there is an early, voluntary exchange of pawns or pieces. Such variations are often quieter than other lines because the early release of tension precludes any surprise tactics or sharp, forcing lines.
Exchange-traded fund Exchange-traded funds (or ETFs) are open-ended collective investment schemes, traded as shares on most global stock exchanges. Typically, ETFs try to replicate a stock market index such as the S&P 500 (SPY) or Hang Seng Index, a market sector such as energy or technology, or a commodity such as gold or petroleum.
Exchangeable image file format Exchangeable image file format (official abbreviation Exif, not EXIF) is a specification for the image file format used by digital cameras. It was created by the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA).
Exchangehut Exchangehut.com is an online forum for college students to buy and sell sports tickets, used textbooks, concert tickets, cds, dvds, electronics, furinture and anything else a student could want to buy or sell at the University of Wisconsin Madison].
Exchequer The Exchequer was (and in some cases still is) a part of the governments of England (latterly to include Wales, Scotland and Ireland) that was responsible for the management and collection of revenues. The various Exchequers also developed a judicial role.
Exchequer of pleas The Exchequer of Pleas or Exchequer was one of the three common-law courts of Medieval and Early Modern England. The term Exchequer is used where there is no possibility of confusion with the government department of the Exchequer of which the Exchequer of Pleas formed a part.
Exidy Sorcerer The Sorcerer was one of the early home computer systems, released by the videogame company, Exidy. It was comparatively advanced when released, given its competition of Commodore PET and TRS-80, but due to a number of problems including a lack of marketing, the machine remained relatively unknown.
Exigent circumstance An exigent circumstance, in the American law of criminal procedure, allows law enforcement to enter a structure without a warrant, or if they have a "knock and announce" warrant, without knocking and waiting for refusal under certain circumstances. It must be a situation where people are in imminent danger, evidence faces imminent destruction or a suspect will escape.
Exilant Exilant Consulting Private Limited is a leading provider of Information Technology (IT) services to clients worldwide. Company's operations includes Application Lifecycle Management, Infrastructure Lifecycle Management and Product Lifecycle Management.
Exile (novel) Exile is a political thriller by Richard North Patterson, published in 2007, which engages the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a fictional trial for an accused Palestinian political assassin being defended by her former lover, a Jewish-American lawyer.
Exile (video game) Exile is an action/role-playing video game series for the Turbo CD, MSX and Sega Genesis developed by Nippon Telenet. The Turbo CD version was released in English by Working Designs, and the Genesis version was released in English by Renovation Products.
Exile One Exile One was an influential Dominican band who helped to pioneer cadence-lypso, a style of music that fused cadence and compas. The band's leader was Gordon Henderson, who created a distinctive style by adding calypso-style horns.
Exiled in Paris Exiled in Paris is a 1994 (reprinted 2001) book by James Campbell, a Scottish cultural historian specialising in studies of the Beats and post-war Paris. He is the former editor of the Edinburgh Review and writes for the Times Literary Supplement.
Exiled: A Law & Order Movie Exiled: A Law & Order Movie is a 1998 television movie that is based on the Law & Order television series; it originally aired on NBC. Written by Charles Kipps and Chris Noth (a Law & Order original cast member, until producers ousted him in 1995), the movie revolves around Noth's Detective Mike Logan character.
Exiles (Marvel Comics) The Exiles are a group of fictional comic book superheroes created by writer Judd Winick and artist Mike McKone. The team consists of characters from different dimensions, or realities, which have been removed from time and space in order to correct problems (often called “hiccups") in various alternate worlds and divergent timelines in the multiverse.
Exiles (play) Exiles is a play by James Joyce, who is principally remembered for his novels. It draws on the story of "The Dead", the final short story in Joyce's first major work, Dubliners, and has received more scholarly attention than popular.
Exiles Bookshop Exiles Bookshop was a Sydney bookshop which hosted many poetry readings, and was something of a centre for the local poetry scene in the early 1980's. It was established, at 207 Oxford Street, Taylor Sqaure, by Susumu Hirayanagi and Nicholas Pounder in February 1979, and it closed in late 1982Laurie Duggan's diary.
Exim Exim is a mail transfer agent (MTA) used on Unix-like operating systems. It is freely available under the GNU GPL and it aims to be a general and flexible mailer with extensive facilities for checking incoming e-mail.
Exim Bank (India) Exim Bank (full name: The Export-Import Bank of India) is an Indian government-owned financial institution for the public sector created by and Act of the Parliament of India: the Export-Import Bank of India Act 1981.
Eximbills Eximbills is an integrated trade finance system for use in banks and financial institutions, designed to automate the range of Trade Finance activity as well as the communication needs. It is made by China Systems.
Exinite Formerly, in coal geology, exinite was an umbrella term, used when referring to the finely-ground and macrerated remains, originally formed by spores, pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, leaf cuticles, plant resins and waxes, as found in coal deposits. Exinite is one of the four categories of kerogen.
Existence of God Arguments for and against the existence of God have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, and other thinkers. In philosophical terminology, existence of God arguments concern schools of thought on the epistemology of the ontology of God.
Existence precedes essence In philosophy, “existence precedes essence”, at the most basic level of understanding, is based on the idea of existence without essence. For humanity (Note: the concept can be applied at the individual level as well), it means that humanity may exist, but humanity's existence does not mean anything at least at the beginning.
Existence value Existence values are an unusual and somewhat controversial class of economic value, reflecting the benefit people receive from knowing that a particular environmental resource, such as Antarctica , the Grand Canyon, endangered species, or any other organism or thing exists.
Existensminimum Existensminimum is a Swedish Board game produced in the late 1990s. The object of the game is not to accumulate wealth or belongings but rather to survive the financial minefield that the game is comprised of (hence the name).
Existential fallacy The existential fallacy, or existential instantiation, is a logical fallacy committed in a categorical syllogism that is invalid because it has two universal premises and a particular conclusion. In other words, for the conclusion to be true a member of the class must exist, but the premises do not establish this.
Existential forgery In a digital signature or Message Authentication Code (MAC) system, an existential forgery is the creation (by an adversary) of any message m and a valid signature (or MAC) sigma for m, where m has not been signed or MACed in the past by the legitimate signer/MAC generator. The message m need not have any particular meaning, and indeed it may even be gibberish --- as long as the pair (m, sigma) is valid, the adversary has succeeded in constructing an existential forgery.
Existential graph An existential graph is a type of diagrammatic or visual notation for logical expressions, proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce, who wrote his first paper on graphical logic in 1882 and continued to develop the method until his death in 1914.
Existential humanism Existential Humanism is a concept that can be understood in several different ways. Sartre said "Existentialism is a humanism" because it expresses the power of human beings to make freely-willed choices, independent of the influence of religion or society.
Existential proposition An existential proposition is one that affirms the existence of a member of a collection that possesses a specified property. For instance, the proposition that some dog is mortal and the proposition that there is a pig that can fly are existential propositions, the former true and the latter false.
Existential quantification In predicate logic, an existential quantification is the predication of a property or relation to at least one member of the domain. The logical operator symbol ∃ called the existential quantifier is used to denote existential quantification.
Existential risk In future studies, an existential risk is a risk that is both global and terminal. Nick Bostrom defines an existential risk as a risk "where an adverse outcome would either annihilate Earth-originating intelligent life or permanently and drastically curtail its potential.

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