Encyclopedia

Expansion team An expansion team is a term used for a brand new team in a sports league. The term is most commonly used in reference to the North American major professional sports leagues, but is applied to sports leagues worldwide that use a closed franchise system of league membership.
Expansive In mathematics, the notion of expansivity formalizes the notion of points moving away from one-another under the action of an iterated function. The idea of expansivity is fairly rigid, as the definition of positive expansivity, below, as well as the Schwarz-Ahlfors-Pick theorem demonstrate.
Expansive Poetry Expansive Poetry is a movement in United States poetry that began in the 1980s. It is an umbrella term coined by Frederick Feirstein for the movements of New Formalism and New Narrative, and the term is controversial even among many of the writers it purports to describe.
Expatica Expatica is an internet-based portal for expatriates in Western Europe, headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It offers English-language news & information, expatriate blogs, discussion forums, dating, job and housing sites.
Expatriate An expatriate (in abbreviated form, expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of his upbringing or legal residence. The word comes from the Latin ex (out of) and the Greek and Latin patria (πατριά - country), and is sometimes misspelled (either unintentionally or intentionally) as ex-patriot or short x-pat, due to its pronunciation.
Expect Expect is a Unix automation and testing tool, written by Don Libes, for interactive applications such as telnet, ftp, passwd, fsck, rlogin, tip, ssh, and others. With Tk, interactive applications can be wrapped in X11 GUIs.
Expectancy violations theory This theory deals with the expectations people hold regarding communication standards and norms. Violations of these expectations can either be perceived as positive or negative depending on the interpretation of the violation and the level of liking between the two individuals.
Expectation damages (law) Expectation damages are a form of damages available as a recourse to a breached contract. When a contracting party fails to fulfill their contractual duties, which causes losses to the other party, the party in breach can be liable for the losses of the other party.
Expectation utilities A qualification introduced by Bentham, to distinguish between two different types of utilities, or, rather, sources of utility (for utility, being identical to pleasure, remains always qualitatively the same). Expectation utilities are future-regarding, and thus imply desires and beliefs; "natural" utilities are not.
Expectation value (quantum physics) A statistical expectation value is defined as the sum of the values of possible outcomes, multiplied by the probability of that outcome. In quantum mechanics, quantities such as position and momentum are described statistically, so it makes sense to talk about the expected value of the position of a particle, say.
Expectation-maximization algorithm An expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used in statistics for finding maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in probabilistic models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. EM alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which computes an expectation of the likelihood by including the latent variables as if they were observed, and a maximization (M) step, which computes the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters by maximizing the expected likelihood found on the E step.
Expected shortfall Expected shortfall is a measure of financial portfolio risk. It requires a quantile-level q, and is defined to be the expected loss of portfolio value given that the loss is occurring at or below the q-quantile.
Expected utility hypothesis The expected utility hypothesis is the hypothesis in economics that the utility of an [facing uncertainty] is calculated by considering utility in each possible state and constructing a [[weighted average. The weights are the agent's estimate of the probability of each state.
Expected value In probability theory the expected value (or mathematical expectation) of a random variable is the sum of the probability of each possible outcome of the experiment multiplied by its payoff ("value"). Thus, it represents the average amount one "expects" as the outcome of the random trial when identical odds are repeated many times.
Expectiminimax tree An expectiminimax tree is a specialized variation of a minimax tree for use in artificial intelligence systems which play games of chance. In addition to "min" and "max" nodes of the traditional minimax tree, this variant has "chance" nodes, which take the expected value of a random event occurring.
Expedición Libertadora del Perú The Expedición Libertadora del Perú (Freedom Expedition of Peru) was a force Argentinian - Chilean, organized in 1820 by the government of Chile, with elements belonging to the Liberating Army of the Andes and to recently restored Army of Chile, which target was to liberate the Virreinato of Peru of the mastery of the Spanish Crown. The expedition was the continuation of the plan of liberation that General José de San Martín conceived for the Spanish colonies of the south of America.
Expedited Funds Availability Act The Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFA or EFAA) was enacted in 1987 by the United States Congress for the purpose of standardizing hold periods on deposits made to commercial banks and to regulate institutions' use of deposit holds. It is also referred to as Regulation CC or Reg CC, after the Federal Reserve regulation that implements the act.
Expedition 12 Expedition 12 (2005) was the 12th expedition to the International Space Station, launched from Kazakhstan using the Russian Soyuz TMA-7 spacecraft. The crew landed back in Kazakhstan on April 8, 2006 with the addition of the first Brazilian astronaut, Marcos Pontes.
Expedition 13 Expedition 13 (2006), the 13th expedition to the International Space Station (ISS), launched at 02:30 UTC on March 30, 2006. The Expedition used the Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft, which will stay during the entirety of the expedition for emergency evacuation.
Expedition 360 Expedition 360 is an ongoing attempt by Briton Jason Lewis to be the first person to circumnavigate the globe using only human power. It was begun by Lewis and Stevie Smith in 1994 and will cover at least 40,000 kilometres when it finishes.
Expedition Act The Expediction Act was introduced in the United States of America by President Theodore Roosevelt to break up trusts by the steel, meatpacking, oil, and railroad industries. The Expedition Act was passed on February 11, 1903.
Expedition Airways Expedition Airways was an airline based in Zimbabwe which collapsed due to the tottering Zimbabwe economy and the difficulty of exploiting the Harare to Johannesburg route dominated by South African Airways and British Airways. It had operated to seven domestic destinations and South Africa and Mozambique using Raytheon Beech 1900C Airliner aircraft.
Expedition Island Expedition Island is a park in Green River, Wyoming that marks the area where Major John Wesley Powell started an expedition down the Green River and Colorado River in 1871. The park is also believed to mark where Major Powell started a similar expedition down the two rivers in 1869.
Expedition touring bikes Expedition touring bicyles are touring bicycles designed specifically for touring in remote parts of the world on all types of poor road conditions. There is no specific definition of such bikes, it is generally applied to the most heavyweight types of touring bikes.
Expedition Trophy The Murmansk–Vladivostok Expedition Trophy is the world's longest winter motor rally. It runs 12,500 kms from the Kola Bay lighthouse, Murmansk in north-west Russia to Zolotoi Rog bay lighthouse, Vladivostok in Far Eastern Russia, and is also the longest rally entirely within one country.
Expedition: Bismarck Expedition: Bismarck is a 2002 documentary film produced for the Discovery Channel by Andrew Wight and James Cameron, directed by James Cameron and Gary Johnstone, and narrated by Lance Henriksen. The film follows an underwater expedition to the German battleship Bismarck and digitally reconstructs events that led up to the ship's sinking during World War II.
Expeditionary maneuver warfare Expeditionary maneuver warfare (EMW) is the current concept that guides how the United States Marine Corps organizes, deploys and employs its forces. Utilizing maneuver warfare and the Marine Corps' expeditionary heritage, EMW emphasizes strategically agile and tactically flexible Marine Air Ground Task Forces with the capability to project power against critical points in the littorals and beyond.
Expeller Expeller pressing is a chemical free method whereby oil is mechanically squeezed from raw materials in a single step, under high pressure. Typical raw materials are nuts, seeds and algae, which are supplied to the press in a continuous feed.
Expendable launch system An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. This is in opposition to a reusable launch system where a single launch vehicle is launched more than once.
Expensive Tape Recorder Expensive Tape Recorder is a digital audio program written by David Gross while a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Gross developed the idea with Alan Kotok, a fellow member of the Tech Model Railroad Club.
Expensive Taste Expensive Taste is an American hip-hop supergroup formed by Paul Wall, "Skinhead Rob" Aston (ex-Transplants), and +44's Travis Barker (ex-Aquabats, blink-182, Box Car Racer, and Transplants). Their debut album is set to be released sometime in 2007, but it is unknown when the band will have time to release the record and tour, as Barker's priority is with +44 and Wall is working on his next album.
Expensive Typewriter Expensive Typewriter was a text editing program that ran on the DEC PDP-1 computer that had been recently delivered at MIT. Since it could drive a Friden Flexowriter (a letter-quality printer), it was arguably the first word processing program although it definitely was not WYSIWYG, having no CRT display.
Experience Experience as a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event. The history of the word experience aligns it closely with the concept of experiment.
Experience capital Experience capital refers to those subtle nuances of method, activity, flick-of-the-wrist, and off-the-cuff imaginativeness that can't be captured easily into a document. As opposed to intellectual capital or knowledge capital.
Experience curve effects The learning curve effect and the closely related experience curve effect express the relationship between experience and efficiency. As individuals and/or organizations get more experienced at a task, they usually become more efficient at them.
Experience Corps Experience Corps is a nonprofit organization that engages adults 55 and older as literacy tutors for struggling students in public schools. Currently, Experience Corps has 2,000 members working in schools in 19 cities around the country.
Experience design Experience design is the practice of designing products, processes, services, events, and environments -- each of which is a human experience -- based on the consideration of an individual's or group's needs, desires, beliefs, knowledge, skills, experiences, and perceptions. An emerging discipline, experience design attempts to draw from many sources including cognitive psychology and perceptual psychology, cognitive science, architecture and environmental design, haptics, product design, information design, information architecture, ethnography, brand management, interaction design, service design, storytelling, heuristics, and design thinking.
Experience good In economics, an experience good is a product or service where product characteristics such as quality or price are difficult to observe in advance, but these characteristics can be ascertained upon consumption. The concept is originally due to Philip Nelson, who contrasted an experience good with a search good.
Experience modifier Experience modifier or experience modification is a term used in the american insurance business and more specifically in workers' compensation insurance. It is the adjustment of manual rating based on previous loss experience.
Experience Music Project The Experience Music Project (EMP) is a museum of music history founded by Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft, located on the campus of Seattle, Washington's Seattle Center. It is sited near the Space Needle and is by one of the two stops on the Seattle Center Monorail, which runs through the building.
Experience point Experience points (often abbreviated as exp, ep or xp) are a representation of a character's advancement and improvement in skills in role-playing games and computer role-playing games. Experience points are generally awarded for the completion of quests, defeat of opponents, monsters and other obstacles, but may also be awarded for successful role-playing.
Experience: Jill Scott Experience: Jill Scott is the live/unreleased material album from soul vocalist Jill Scott it was released in 2001 under her own label Hidden Beach Recordings. The only single released was the semi successful Gimme.
Experiential knowledge Experiential knowledge is knowledge gained through experience as opposed to a priori (before experience) knowledge. In the philosophy of mind, the phrase often refers to knowledge that can only be acquired through experience, such as, for example, the knowledge of what it is like to see colours, which could not be explained to someone born blind.
Experiential learning Experiential Learning occurs when individuals engage in some activity, reflect upon the activity critically, derive some useful insight from the analysis, and incorporate the result through a change in understanding and/or behaviour. (David A.
Experiential marketing Experiential marketing uses brand relevant experiences to engage key audiences while creating a forum where these audiences interact with a brand. It involves high levels of interactivity and sensory impact and seeks to elicit an emotional response among the target through a more personal level of engagement than other media.
Experiment In the scientific method, an experiment (Latin: ex-+-periri, "of (or from) trying"), is a set of actions and observations, performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to support or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena. The experiment is a cornerstone in the empirical approach to acquiring deeper knowledge about the physical world.
Experiment Farm Cottage Experiment Farm Cottage is a tourist attraction in Harris Park, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia. It is based at the site of Experiment Farm, Australia's first European farmstead, which was itself created by Australia's first land grant.
Experiment in International Living A member of World Learning, The Experiment in International Living, EIL, or the Experiment, is an organization offering summer programs of international cross-cultural education for high school students in the United States. The Experiment in International Living introduced the concept of a homestay to the world when it was founded in 1932, placing “Experimenters” in the homes of host families to enhance the intercultural and/or language study aspects of each program.
Experiment in Terror Experiment in Terror is a 1962 film by Blake Edwards. It tells the story of an ingenious plot by a psychotic killer, "Red" Lynch ( Ross Martin), to use a campaign of terror to force bank teller Lee Remick to help him steal money from her employer.
Experiment IV "Experiment IV" was the one new song on Kate Bush's hits album The Whole Story (excluding the re-recorded rendition of "Wuthering Heights"). "Experiment IV" was also the only single release from The Whole Story.
Experimental & Applied Sciences Experimental & Applied Sciences, Inc (better known as "EAS") is the world's largest distributor of performance based nutritional supplements with approximately 300 staff, annual sales exceeding $300 million dollars and offices/distributors in 54 countries.
Experimental aircraft In generic use, an experimental aircraft is an aircraft that has not yet been fully proven in flight. Often, this implies that new aerospace technologies are being tested on the aircraft, though the label is more broad.
Experimental archaeology Experimental archaeology employs a number of different methods, techniques, analyses, and approaches in order to generate and test hypotheses or an interpretation, based upon archaeological source material, like ancient structures or artifacts. It should not be confused with primitive technology which is not concerned with any archaeological or historical evidence, living history or historical reenactment, which is generally undertaken as a hobby, for entertainment or to demonstrate a romantic atmosphere of a specific (pre)historic era.
Experimental Breeder Reactor II Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II)is a sodium cooled reactor with a thermal power rating of 62.5 megawatts (MW), an intermediate closed loop of secondary sodium, and a steam plant that produces 19 MW of electrical power through a conventional turbine generator.
Experimental cancer treatment Experimental cancer treatments are medical therapies intended or claimed to treat cancer (see also tumor) by improving on, supplementing or replacing conventional methods (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy).
Experimental College The Experimental College (also known as the Ex College or Ex-College), is a college of Tufts University, located in Medford, Massachusetts. The college was founded to expand the offerings of the undergraduate course curriculum.
Experimental economics Experimental economics is the use of experimental methods to evaluate theoretical predictions of economic behaviour. It uses controlled, scientifically-designed experiments to test economic theories under laboratory conditions.
Experimental evolution In evolutionary biology, the field of experimental evolution is concerned with testing the theory of evolution in controlled experiments. Evolution can be observed in the laboratory as organisms adapt to new environmental conditions.
Experimental film Experimental film [or "experimental cinema"] is a term used to describe a range of filmmaking styles that are concerned with avant garde approaches to film making. Many film scholars have argued that experimental film to be one of the major modes of filmmaking, along with the narrative film, the documentary film and the animation film.
Experimental finance The goals of experimental finance are to establish different market settings and environments to observe experimentally and analyze agents' behavior and the resulting characteristics of trading flows, information diffusion and aggregation, price setting mechanism and returns processes. This can happen for instance by conducting trading simulations or establishing and studying the behaviour of people in artificial competitive market-like settings.
Experimental geodetic payload The Experimental Geodetic Payload is a Japanese satellite sponsored by NASDA, and launched in 1986 on the first flight of the H-I rocket. After launch, the satellite was renamed Ajisai (the Japanese name for the Hydrangea plant), but it is most commonly known by the acronym EGP.
Experimental mathematics Experimental mathematics is sometimes said to mean the application of the experimental part of the scientific method to mathematics, where mathematicians develop hypotheses before attempting proofs, and then see if their calculations are consistent or inconsistent with their hypotheses. An inconsistency effectively disproves an hypothesis, by providing a counterexample; consistency suggests that it is worthwhile to attempt to prove the hypothesis rigorously.
Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center The Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC) is a building under construction at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, which will be finished for the opening of the 2007-2008 school year. "Empac" is also the name of media and electronic arts program which will be housed in the new building.
Experimental philosophy Experimental philosophy is a form of philosophical inquiry that makes at least partial use of quantitative research–especially opinion polling–in order to address philosophical questions. This is in contrast with more traditional methods found in philosophy, whereby a philosopher will frequently begin by appealing to his or her personal intuitions on an issue and then form an argument with the intuitions as premises.
Experimental psychology Experimental psychology is an approach to psychology that treats it as one of the natural sciences, and therefore assumes that it is susceptible to the experimental method. Many experimental psychologists have gone further, and have assumed that all methods of investigation other than experimentation are suspect.
Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (concept) The Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (EPCOT) was a concept developed by Walt Disney near the end of his lifetime as an innovative use for property that the company had purchased near Orlando, Florida. It was a "community of the future" that was designed to stimulate American corporations to come up with new ideas for urban living.
Experimental Psychology Society The Experimental Psychology Society (EPS) is an academic society which facilitates research into experimental psychology and communication between experimental psychologists. It is based in the United Kingdom.
Experimental Radio Station Eberswalde The Experimental Radio Station Eberswalde was an experimental radio station of the company Carl Lorenz founded in Eberswalde, Germany in 1909. It used an umbrella aerial, which was carried at a 70 meters high, guyed central mast and at the corners on 16 30 meters high timber masts, as antenna system.
Experimental software engineering Experimental software engineering is a sub-domain of software engineering focusing on experiments on software systems (software products, processes, and resources). It is interested in devising experiments on software, in collecting data from these experiments, and in devising laws and theories from this data.
Experimental Study Group The Experimental Study Group (ESG) describes itself as an "alternative academic program" at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was created in 1969 by Professor George Valley to explore alternative teaching and learning methods in a small group setting at MIT.
Experimental techniques Experimental research designs are used for the controlled testing of causal processes. The general procedure is one or more independent variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable.
Experimental theatre Experimental theatre is a general term for various movements in Western theatre that began in the 20th century as a reaction against the then-dominant conventions governing the writing and production of drama, and against naturalism in particular. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream theatre world has adopted many forms that were once considered radical.
Experimental travel Experimental tourism is a novel approach to tourism in which visitors do not visit the ordinary tourist attractions (or, at least not with the ordinary approach), but allow whim to guide them. It is an alternative form of tourism in which destinations are chosen not on their standard touristic merit but on the basis of an idea or experiment.
Experimental Television Center The Experimental Television Center was founded in 1971, an outgrowth of a media access program established by Ralph Hocking at Binghamton University in 1969; today, the Center continues to provide support and services to the media arts community. The studio includes a Jones Colorizer, Design Lab Frame Buffer, Deupfer Synthesizer, Jones 8 Channel Sequencer, Paik/Abe Wobulator, Sandin Image Processor.
Experimenter's bias Experimenter's bias is the phenomenon in experimental science by which the outcome of an experiment tends to be biased towards a result expected by the human experimenter. The inability of a human being to remain completely objective is the ultimate source of this bias.
Experimenter's regress In science, experimenter's regress refers to a loop of dependence between theory and evidence. In order to judge whether evidence is erroneous we must rely on theory-based expectations, and to judge the value of competing theories we rely on evidence, but to detect errors in experiments we must be aware of theoretical predictions, etc.
Experimentet Experimentet (X1) is a 2005 war-and action movie directed by Nicklas SternegĂĄrd, and starring, Gustaf Karlsson, Bob Wallace (II) and Kalle Fridholm. It was produced and distributed by EyeCatcher Entertainment.
Experiments in the Revival of Organisms Experiments in the Revival of Organisms is a 1940 motion picture which documents Soviet research into the resuscitation of clinically dead organisms. It is available from the Prelinger Archives, where it is in the public domain.
Experiments on Plant Hybridization Written in 1865 by Gregor Mendel, Experiments on Plant Hybridization (German: Versuche ĂĽber Pflanzen-Hybriden) was the result after years spent studying genetic traits in pea plants. Mendel read his paper to the Natural History Society of Brunn in Bohemia at the meetings held on February 8 and March 8 of that year.
Experimentum crucis In the sciences, an experimentum crucis, or critical experiment, is an experiment capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular hypothesis or theory is correct. In particular, such an experiment must typically be able to produce a predictable result that no established hypothesis or theory is capable of producing.
Experimentwise error rate In statistics, during multiple comparisons testing, experimentwise error rate (also known as family-wise error rate) is the probability of at least one false rejection of the null hypothesis. The α (alpha) that is assigned applies to all of the hypothesis tests as a whole, not individually as in the comparisonwise error rate.
Experix Experix is a command interpreter designed for operating laboratory equipment, especially data acquisition devices, and processing, displaying and storing the data from them. It is open-source software available at http://sourceforge.
Expert An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of knowledge, technique, or skill whose judgment is accorded authority and status by the public or their peers. The expert differs from the specialist in that a specialist has to be able to solve a problem and an expert has to know its solution.
Expert (Dungeons & Dragons) In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, the expert is one of the non-player character classes. They are more advanced versions of the commoner, possessing some amount of martial knowledge and a wider variety of skills.
Expert determination Expert determination is a historically accepted form of dispute resolution invoked when there isn't a formulated dispute in which the parties have defined positions that need to be subjected to arbitration, but rather both parties are in agreement that there is a need for an evaluation.
Expert font An expert font, also known as an expert set, is a digital font, accompanying another font, that provides additional characters that are not in the accompanied font, such as small caps, old style figures, ligatures, fractions, subscript and superscript figures. It is used for professional typography to achieve the same flexibility as exists for metal type.
Expert Field Medical Badge The Expert Field Medical Badge is a United States Army decoration first created in 1965. This badge is the non-combat equivalent of the Combat Medical Badge and is awarded to medical personnel of the US Military who successfully complete a set of qualification tests including both written and performance portions.
Expert shopping Expert shopping is the practice of finding an expert on a given subject whose professional opinion is skewed toward the answer that the searching party already prefers. This is commonplace in the news media, politics, and business, though can be found in all walks of life.
Expert system An expert system also known as a knowledge based system, is a computer program that contains some of the subject-specific knowledge of one or more human experts. This class of program was first developed by researchers in artificial intelligence during the 1960s and 1970s and applied commercially throughout the 1980s.
Expert Software Expert Software, Inc. is a Florida-based computer and video game company known for developing and publishing dozens of value-priced but quality programs including games, reference CD-ROMs, clip art collections, and educational programs.
Expert witness An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, profession, publication or experience, is believed to have special knowledge of his subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon his opinion.
Expertise Expertise consists of those characteristics, skills and knowledge of a person (that is, expert) or of a system, which distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people. In many domains there are objective measures of performance capable of distinguishing experts from novices:expert chess players will almost always win games against recreational chess players; expert medical specialists are more likely to diagnose a disease correctly and so on.
Experto crede Experto crede is a Latin motto which literally means "believe one who has had experience". It is usually used by an author as an aside to the reader, and may be loosely translated as: "trust me", "trust the expert", "believe one who has tried it", or "have faith in experience".
Experts-Exchange Experts-Exchange (EE), founded in 1996, is a collaboration platform for information technology professionals, designed to address specific areas of situation-based knowledge. It's an online "ask an expert" site for computer related questions.
Explained sum of squares In statistics, an explained sum of squares (ESS) is the sum of squared predicted values in a standard regression model (for example y_{i}=a+bx_{i}+epsilon_{i}), where y_{i} is the response variable, x_{i} is the explanatory variable, a and b are coefficients, i indexes the observations from 1 to n, and epsilon_{i} is the error term.
Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil is a 1998 book by journalist Ron Rosenbaum which tells of Rosenbaum's struggles with the "exceptionalist" character of Hitler's character and impact on the world or, worse from his point of view, his struggle with the possibility that Hitler isn't an exception at all, but is on the natural continuum of human destructive possibility.
Explanation module Explanation modules, used in expert systems, is a function that enables the knowledge worker to understand why the information explained and concluded by the domain expert is viable. While consulting the information provided by the expert system, the explanation module elucidates why the expert system reached its conclusion.
Explanation of the names of Burma/Myanmar The renaming of Burma to Myanmar in the English language, decided by the Burmese military regime in 1989, has been controversial. The following is a detailed explanation of the names of Burma/Myanmar as used in the Burmese and English languages.
Explanatory gap The basic idea of the explanatory gap is that human experience (such as qualia) cannot be fully explained by mechanical processes; that something extra, perhaps even of a different metaphysical type, must be added to "fill the gap". The explanatory gap has vexed and intrigued philosophers and AI researchers alike for decades and caused considerable debate.
Explanatory style Explanatory style is a psychological attribute that indicates how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event, either positive or negative (Seligman, 2006). Psychologists have identified three components in explanatory style:

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