Encyclopedia

Export restriction Export restrictions are restrictions to the quantity of goods exported to specific country(ies) by the government. This can mainly be due to (1)Because of shortage of goods in the domestic market due to more profitable exporting and to curbe the resultant increase in prices.
Export subsidy Export subsidy is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of goods on the domestic market through low-cost loans or tax relief for exporters, or government financed international advertising or R&D. The WTO prohibits most subsidies directly linked to the volume of exports.
Export-Import Bank of the United States The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the United States federal government. It is an independent agency in the Executive branch established by Congress in 1934 for the purposes of financing and insuring foreign purchases of United States goods for customers unable or unwilling to accept credit risk.
Export-oriented A export-oriented company is one which produces goods mainly for exports, rather than for the domestic market. The term is commonly used to describe factories in developing countries producing goods for developed countries.
Export-oriented industrialization Export-Oriented Industrialisation (EOI) is a trade and economic policy aiming to speed-up the industrialization process of a country through exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage. Export-led growth implies opening domestic markets to foreign competition in exchange for market access in other countries.
Exposé (journalism) An exposé is an exposure or revelation, often by way of an article or book, which provides shocking or surprising information. The end result of investigative journalism may often be an exposé where a reporter or author has delved into a subject and discovered controversy, scandal or misdeed.
Exposed (Chanté Moore album) Fourth and last solo album from singer Chanté Moore. Executively produced by super-producer Jermaine Dupri it featured only two single releases Straight Up which was a big hit in Europe but failing to make waves in the U.
Exposed (MuchMusic TV series) Exposed is the title of an hour TV program that airs on Tuesdays 13:30 ET on Canadian music television station, MuchMusic. The program focuses on a specific individual music artist or a music group and intends to reveal the real personality of the music artist by documenting a MuchMusic VJ spending time and interacting with them.
Exposed terminal problem In wireless networks, the exposed node problem occurs when a node is prevented from sending packets to other nodes due to a neighboring transmitter. Consider an example of 4 nodes labeled R1, S1, S2, and R2, where the two receivers are out of range from one another, yet the two transmitters in the middle are in range of each other.
Exposing to the right In digital photography, exposing to the right is the technique of deliberately slightly over-exposing an image to get the best results out of the digital image sensor. The name comes from the fact that the resulting histogram is thus shifted to the right.
Expositio in Matthaeum Evangelistam Exposito in Matthaeum Evangelistam ("Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew") is a work by the ninth-century Benedictine monk Christian of Stavelot. As its name implies, it is a commentary on the Gospel of Matthew.
Exposition (plot device) Exposition is a literary technique by which information is conveyed about events that have occurred prior to the beginning of a novel, play, movie or other work of fiction. This information can be presented through dialogue, description, news reports, flashback, or even directly through narrative.
Exposition Boy Exposition Boy (or Girl) is a colloquialism from television fandom and fan fiction which identifies the character who seems to be there mostly to allow the writer to explain things which -- at least in the case of television scriptwriting -- there is no other easy way to explain. These can be plot points, or the inner thoughts of the other characters, which are revealed to the audience when they tell them to this character.
Exposition Internationale des Arts DĂ©coratifs et Industriels Modernes The Exposition Internationale des Arts DĂ©coratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts) was a World's fair held in Paris, France in 1925. The term Art Deco was named after this exhibition.
Exposition Park (Pittsburgh) Exposition Park was a baseball park that formerly stood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was one of two ballparks (along with Boston's Huntington Avenue Grounds) that hosted the first Major League Baseball World Series in 1903.
Exposition Universelle (1855) The Exposition Universelle of 1855 was a World's Fair held in Paris. It followed by four years London's Great Exhibition and attempted to rival and top that fair, which produced The Crystal Palace, with a Palais d'Industrie.
Exposition Universelle (1867) In 1864 it was decreed by Emperor Napoleon III that an international exposition should be held in Paris in 1867. A commission was appointed with Prince Jerome Napoleon as president, under whose direction the preliminary work began.
Exposition Universelle (1878) The third Paris World's Fair, called an Exposition Universelle in French, was held from May 1 though November 10, 1878. It celebrated the recovery of France after its crushing defeat in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War.
Expositiuncula in Ioannem Evangelistam Expositiuncula in Ioannem Evangelistam ("Little Commentary on John") is a work by the ninth-century Benedictine monk Christian of Stavelot. As its name implies, it is a commentary on the Gospel of John.
Expository preaching Expository preaching (also referred to as systematic exposition) is a form of preaching that expounds upon the meaning of a particular text or passage of Scripture. While the term could be used in connection with any religion that has organised worship that includes scriptural teaching, the term is most usually used in relation to Christianity, and is thus concerned with the exposition of the Bible.
Expository writing Expository writing is a mode of writing in which the purpose of the author is to inform, explain, describe, or define his or her subject to the reader. Expository text is meant to ‘expose’ information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and universities.
Exposure (magic) Exposure in magic refers to the practice of making magical methods (the "secrets" of how magic tricks are performed) available to those who are not magicians. It is generally frowned upon as a type of spoiler that ruins the experience of magical performances for audiences.
Exposure (photography) In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance.
Exposure (Robert Fripp album) Exposure is the lone rock music solo album by Robert Fripp aka Bob Fripp, the guitarist famous for being the only constant member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. It consists of compositions embracing hard rock, ambient music, ballads, and musique concrète, and includes contribution from a variety of recording artists from divergent sub-genres in popular music of the late 1970s.
Exposure (TV series) Exposure is a short-film oriented science-fiction anthology series that aired on the Sci Fi Channel between the years of 2000 and 2002. The series showcased the short sci-fi films of both unknown and known (Tim Burton, George Lucas and Kevin Smith) filmmakers, giving rise to the channel's own Exposure Studios.
Exposure and response prevention Exposure and response prevention is the current treatment method available from behavioral psychologists in the treatment of a variety of anxiety disorders. The treatment method is predicated on the idea that a therapeutic effect is achieved as anxiety disordered persons confront their fears and discontinue the escape response.
Exposure assessment Exposure assessment is a branch of environmental science that focuses on the processes that take place at the interface between the environment containing the contaminant(s) of interest and the organism(s) being considered. These are the final steps in the path to release an environmental contaminant, through transport to its effect in a biological system.
Exposure compensation Exposure compensation is a technique to compensate a measured exposure level against other factors which may render a less-optimal image. This may include variations within a camera system, filters, non-standard processing, or intended under or overexposure.
Exposure effect Exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon well known to advertisers: people express undue liking for things merely because they are familiar with them. This effect has been nicknamed the "familiarity breeds liking" effect.
Exposure in animal skin Exposure in animal skin was a method of torturous execution in remote times; it involved sewing up the victim inside the skin of a dead animal, typically with a fair amount of its putrescent flesh still attached. The queerly clothed victim was taken to the top of a hill and bound in place, typically with only his face exposed.
Exposure index Exposure index, or EI, in photography refers to film speed rating assigned to a particular film by a photographer in order to compensate for equipment calibration inaccuracies, process variables, or to achieve certain effects. Exposure index may or may not be the same as manufacturer's film speed rating for that particular film.
Exposure latitude Exposure latitude is the extent to which a light-sensitive material can be over or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result. Since the acceptability of the result is dependent on both personal aesthetics and artistic intentions, the measurement of exposure latitude is by definition somewhat subjective.
Exposure of a Dream Exposure of a Dream is long play video starring Megadeth. The video highlights music videos from the band's 1992 album Countdown to Extinction and the title is a play on the second track titled "Foreclosure Of A Dream".
Exposure Organisation Limited Based in Haringey in north London, Exposure is a British charity which enables children and young people from all backgrounds, including disadvantaged groups and those from areas of deprivation, to participate and achieve their fullest potential in the media.
Exposure science Exposure science is the study of human contact with chemical, physical, or biological agents occurring in their environments, and advances knowledge of the mechanisms and dynamics of events either causing or preventing adverse health outcomes.
Exposure variable The exposure variable, in reliability theory, is the discrete or continuous variable which differentiates distinct failure events. It is usually time, espeically the time to failure of a device, or the time to death of a person.
Expounding of the Law The Expounding of the Law (KJV:), sometimes called the Antithesis of the Law, is a less well known but highly structured ("Ye have heard ... But I say unto you") part of the Sermon on the Mount, following both the famed Beatitudes and the metaphors of salt and light.
Express & Star The Express & Star is a right wing leaning evening newspaper based in Wolverhampton, England, publishing 11 different editions covering the Black Country, Birmingham and areas of the wider West Midlands from Tamworth to Kidderminster.
Express kidnapping Express kidnapping (Spanish: secuestro express), is a method of abduction used in some countries, mainly from Latin AmericaGarcia Jr, Juan A. "Express kidnappings" accessed December 7 2006, where a small ransom, that a company or family can easily pay, is requested.
Express lanes Express Lanes are according to FHWA "A lane or set of lanes physically separated or barriered from the general-purpose capacity provided within major roadway corridors. Express lane access is managed by limiting the number of entranced and exit points to the facility.
Express Lift Tower The Express Lift Tower is a former elevator test tower built by the Express Lift Company off the Weedon Road in Northampton, England. The structure was commissioned in 1978 with construction commencing in 1980, and was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on November 12 1982.
Express mail In most postal systems Express mail refers to an accelerated delivery service for which the customer pays a surcharge and receives faster delivery. Express mail is a service for domestic mail and is governed by a country's own Postal authority.
Express Media Express Media creates quality literary arts and media opportunities for young and emerging artists. It's an Australian literary youth arts organisation that presents an annual program of special events, workshops, exhibitions and artistic projects throughout the year.
Express One International Express One International Airline Codes (November 2006) was a cargo airline based in Irving, Texas, USA. It operated all-cargo contract charter services on behalf of the United States Postal Service from Indianapolis and for DHL.
Express Payment System The Express Payment System, more commonly known as the EPS, was the EFTPOS system originally of the ATM cards of Bank of the Philippine Islands and its subsidiaries, BPI Family Savings Bank and BPI Direct Savings Bank. Today, it is the EFTPOS system of the Expressnet interbank network in the Philippines.
Express rifle An express rifle is a large caliber hunting rifle for large and dangerous game like elephant, leopard, cape buffalo and brown bear. As with most forms of sport hunting the concept of the rifle is to give the game as much advantage as possible while still maintaining the relative safety of the hunter.
Express trust Where property is passed to a person but no gift is made, it is held for the owner, this is the Resulting trust; where property should for some reason of public policy or fairness or rule of Equity be held for someone other than the legal owner, this is either the Statutory trust or the Constructive trust; but where legal title to property is held by someone on trust, this is the Express trust.
Express Taksin The Thaksin Express (Thai: รถด่วนทักษิณ) is a special express train between Bangkok and Sungai Golok, a border town in Narathiwat province and the end of the southern rail line. The word "Thaksin" is another Thai word for "south"(from Sanskrit word "dakshin"), so the name of this train can be translated as "the Southern Express".
Express Toll Lanes Express Toll Lanes (ETL) refer to a type of road pricing system where motorists may pay a toll to gain access to lanes which are separated from the mainstream traffic. Typically, these tolls will increase as traffic density within the tolled lanes also increases.
Expressed sequence tag An expressed sequence tag or EST is a short sub-sequence of a transcribed spliced nucleotide sequence (either protein-coding or not). They are intended as a way to identify gene transcripts, and are instrumental in gene discovery and gene sequence determination.
Expression (mathematics) An expression is a combination of numbers, operators, grouping symbols (such as brackets and parentheses) and/or free variables and bound variables arranged in a meaningful way which can be evaluated. Bound variables are assigned values within the expression (they are for internal use) while free variables can take on values from outside the expression.
Expression (programming) An expression in a programming language is a combination of values, variables, operators, and functions that are interpreted (evaluated) according to the particular rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language, which computes and then produces (returns, in a stateful environment) another value. The expression is said to evaluate to that value.
Expression cassette An expression cassette is made up of one or more genes and the sequences controlling their expression. Three components comprise an expression cassette: a promoter sequence, an open reading frame, and a 3' untranslated region that, in eukaryotes, usually contains a polyadenylation site.
Expression cloning In DNA cloning, expression cloning is a technique that uses expression vectors. Expression vectors are a specialized type of cloning vector in which the transcriptional and translational signals needed for the regulation of the gene of interest are included in the cloning vector.
Expression profiling Microarray technology is often used for gene expression profiling. It makes use of the sequence resources created by the genome sequencing projects and other sequencing efforts to answer the question, what genes are expressed in a particular cell type of an organism, at a particular time, under particular conditions?
Expression vector An expression vector is a relatively small DNA molecule that is used to introduce and express a specific gene into a target cell. Once the expression vector is inside the cell, the protein that is encoded by the gene is produced by the cellular transcription and translation machinery.
Expression-oriented programming languages An expression-oriented programming language is a programming language where (nearly) every construction is an expression and yields a value. Macro definitions, preprocessor commands, and declarations are often treated as statements in expression-oriented languages.
ExpressionEngine ExpressionEngine is a content management system developed by Oregon-based pMachine, Inc. ExpressionEngine can be purchased in order to receive a license and dedicated support, or a free ExpressionEngine Core version is available that provides nearly all of the abilities of a typical blogging system.
Expressionism Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form. Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including painting, literature, film, architecture and music.
Expressionist architecture/Structure redesign sandbox Expressionist architecture describes a type of architecture which uses the form of a building as a means to evoke or express the inner sensitivities and feelings of the viewer or architect. This tendency can be coupled with the notion that the form can represent the physical manifestation of a transpersonal or mystic spirit.
Expressive loan An expressive loan is a loanword incorporated into the expressive system of the borrowing language, making it resemble native words or onomatopoeia. Expressive loanwords are hard to identify, and by definition, they follow the common phonetic sound change patterns poorly.
Expressive power Expressive power is a relatively generic term used by Abelson and Sussman in Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs to describe the conciseness with which a particular logical design may be translated into a computer program in a given programming language.
Expressive therapy Expressive therapy, also known as creative arts therapy, is the intentional use of the creative arts as a form of therapy. Unlike traditional art expression, the process of creation is emphasized rather than the final aesthetic product.
Expressive timing Expressive timing refers to the musical phenomenon whereby a performer introduces subtle temporal nuances to an otherwise metronomic ("perfectly" timed) interpretation. This is also referred to as microtiming or microrhythm.
Expressivism Expressivism is a theory about the use of moral language in the field of Meta-ethics. Some of the early examples have a vintage from the Logical Positivist period after the publication of Wittgenstein's Tractatus.
ExpressJet Airlines ExpressJet Airlines () is a regional airline based in Houston, Texas, USA. It operates Continental Express services for Continental Airlines offering over 1400 daily departures to more than 152 cities in the U.
Expressnet Expressnet is an interbank network connecting the ATM networks of seven major banks in the Philippines. It is the second-largest ATM network in terms of number of ATMs (largely due to the vast nationwide presence of BPI Express Teller ATMs) and the smallest in terms of customers and number of member banks.
Expresso das Ilhas Expresso das Ilhas (Portuguese for The Islands' Express) is a weekly Cape Verdean newspaper that covers its top stories in the archipelago and local stories from each island. The newspaper is located in the Cape Verdean capital city of Praia and has one the largest circulations in Cape Verde.
ExpressPay Newer American Express credit cards come with a feature known as ExpressPay. Similar to Mastercard's PayPass and JPMorgan Chase's Blink, ExpressPay is a method of contactless payment, different from the standard magnetic stripe that has become ubiquitous on credit and debit cards.
Expressway An expressway is a divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial control of access. However, as explained below, the degree of access allowed varies between countries and even between parts of the same country.
Expropiación petrolera The Expropiación Petrolera ("Oil expropriation") is one of the Fiestas Patrias of Mexico when Mexicans celebrate the date when President of Mexico, General Lázaro Cárdenas, declared that oil reserves in Mexican soil belong to the nation, following the principle stated in the Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution.
Expulsion of Germans after World War II The expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the escape and mass deportation of people considered Germans (Reichsdeutsche and some Volksdeutsche) from various European states and territories during 1945 and in the first three years after World War II 1946-48.
ExPASy The ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) is a proteomics server of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) which analyzes protein sequences and structures and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D Page electrophoresis).
Exquisite corpse Exquisite corpse (also known as "exquisite cadaver" or "rotating corpse") is a method by which a collection of words or images are collectively assembled, the result being known as the exquisite corpse or cadavre exquis in French. Each collaborator adds to a composition in sequence, either by following a rule (e.
Exshaw, Alberta Exshaw, Alberta ( Elevation: 4261 feet) is a small hamlet of about 350 people. Located at least 45 minutes driving time from Calgary city limits, and 60 minutes from downtown Calgary, Exshaw is located on the north side in the eastern portion of the Bow River valley.
Exstreamer Exstreamer is a hardware IP audio streaming player created by Swiss company Barix AG. A small fanless aluminium box powered by wall adapter receives a data stream from an Ethernet cable and outputs the sound into a headphone or line out.
Exsurge Domine Exsurge Domine is a papal bull issued on June 15, 1520 by Pope Leo X in response to the teachings of Martin Luther in opposition to the papacy stated in his 95 theses and subsequent writings. The Latin title, Exsurge Domine is translated into English as Arise, O Lord.
Ext3cow Ext3cow or third extended filesystem with copy-on-write is an open source, versioning file system based on the ext3 file system. Versioning is implemented through block-level copy-on-write, giving ext3cow the "cow" in its name.
Ext4 The ext4, or fourth extended filesystem is a journalled file system that was revealed on October 10, 2006 by Andrew Morton as a compatible improvement to the ext3, featuring support for volumes up to 1024 petabytes and added extent (allocation of an area for a file to use) support.
Extant taxon In biology, extant is a term commonly used to refer to taxa, species, genera or families that are still in existence (living). For example, Brandt's Cormorant is an extant species, while the Spectacled Cormorant is an extinct species.
Extech Instruments Extech Instruments is a full-line supplier of handheld electronic measuring equipment, other handheld measuring instruments, and portable printers. Extech is based in Waltham, Massachusetts and was founded in 1971, now employing more than 80 people with gross revenues in 2004 of US$27 million.
Extelligence Extelligence is a term coined by Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen in their 1997 book Figments of Reality. They define it as all the cultural capital that is available to us in the form of tribal legends, folklore, nursery rhymes, books, videotapes, CD-ROMs, etc.
Extempo Extempo (also extempo calypso) is a lyrically improvised form of calypso and is most notably practised in Trinidad and Tobago. It consists of a performer improvising in song or in rhythmic speech on a given theme before an audience who themselves take turns to perform.
Extemporaneous preaching Extemporaneous preaching is a style of preaching that was popular in the late 1800s among Baptist (Primitive Baptist especially), Methodist, Unitarian, and some Presbyterians preachers. Some of the more famous preachers who employed it were Charles Grandison Finney and Peter Cartwright.
Extemporaneous speaking Extemporaneous speaking, also known as "Extemp," is an event in high school and college debate in which students speak persuasively about current events. In Extemp, a speaker chooses a question out of three offered, then prepares for thirty minutes with the use of previously prepared articles from magazines, journals and newspapers before speaking for seven minutes on the topic.
Extenda Communications Extenda Communications was one of the first independent telephone equipment suppliers in California. Founded in 1970 by Cyril and Sheldon Schmidt, Extenda was among the companies to benefit from the Reagan-era opening up of the telecommunications industry and the break up of the national telephone monopoly.
Extendar Extendar is a character from the popular toy line Masters of the Universe. A member of the Heroic Warriors, he is a cyborg warrior who appears at first to be an ordinary knight in silver armor, his face shielded by a visor.
Extended alcohol sales Extended alcohol sales refers to the policy of permitting restaurants, bars, taverns and other establishments licensed to serve alcoholic beverages to extend the hours during which time they may legally serve alcohol.
Extended AM broadcast band The extended AM broadband is a medium wave broadcast allocation (1610-1710 kHz — sometimes known as the X-band) Officially available only in ITU Region 2 (North and South America) that became available c. 1993.
Extended ASCII The term extended ASCII (or high ASCII) describes eight-bit or larger character encodings that include the standard seven-bit ASCII characters as well as others. The use of the term has sometimes been criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted that the ASCII standard has been updated to include more than 128 characters or that the term unambiguously identifies a single encoding, both of which are untrue.
Extended Backus–Naur form The extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) is an extension of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF) metasyntax notation. Originally developed by Niklaus Wirth, the most commonly used variants of EBNF are currently defined by standards, most notably ISO-14977.
Extended Boot Record An Extended Boot Record (EBR) is a descriptor for a logical partition in the common DOS disk drive partitioning system. In that system, one physical partition is designated an "extended partition," and it subdivided into logical partitions.
Extended Copy Protection Extended Copy Protection (XCP) is a software package developed by the British company First 4 Internet, (which on 20 November 2006, changed its name to Fortium Technologies Ltd - see links below), and sold as a copy protection or digital rights management (DRM) scheme for compact discs. It was used on some CDs distributed by Sony BMG and sparked the 2005 Sony BMG CD copy protection scandal; in that context it is also known as the Sony rootkit.
Extended day program An extended day program is an after-school program held typically in an elementary school for students whose parents work beyond school hours. It is supervised by an adult or two and the kids play outdoors, sometimes on the playground, or indoors, possibly in the gymnasium or in a classroom.
Extended display identification data Extended display identification data (EDID) is a data structure provided by a computer display to describe its capabilities to a graphics card. It is what enables a modern personal computer to know what kind of monitor is connected.
Extended dominant An Extended Dominant is a non-diatonic dominant 7th chord that resolves downwards to another dominant chord. A series of extended dominant chords continues to resolve downwards by perfect 5ths until they reach the tonic chord.
Extended Data Services Extended Data Services (now XDS, previously EDS), is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard EIA-766 for the delivery of any ancillary data (metadata) to be sent with an analog television program, or any other NTSC video signal.
Extended enterprise Extended Enterprise is a concept that is derived from the Enterprise terminology in application to both internal and external business relationships and associated services extended across multiple divisions (the holding, subsidiaries and branch offices) in one or more countries.
Extended Essay The Extended Essay (EE) is one of the requirements of the IB Diploma Programme. It is an essay of up to 4,000 words, written on a freely-chosen topic, and provides the students with an opportunity to conduct independent research on a topic that interests them.
Extended file attributes Extended file attributes is a file system feature that enables users to associate with computer files metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and modification times). Unlike forks, which can usually be as large as the maximum file size, extended attributes are usually limited in size to a value significantly smaller than the maximum file size.

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