Encyclopedia

Extended Huckel method The extended HĂĽckel method is a way of determining the molecular orbitals, but it is not very successful in determining the structural geometry of an organic molecule. It can however determine the relative energy of different geometrical configurations.
Extended Industry Standard Architecture The Extended Industry Standard Architecture (in practice almost always shortened to EISA and frequently pronounced "eee-suh") is a bus standard for IBM compatible computers. It was announced in late 1988 by PC clone vendors (the "Gang of Nine") as a counter to IBM's use of its proprietary MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) in its PS/2 series.
Extended IPA The Extended IPA is an extension of the International Phonetic Alphabet and was designed for disordered speech. However, some of the symbols (especially diacritics, below) are occasionally used for transcribing normal speech as well.
Extended metaphor An extended metaphor, also called a conceit, is a metaphor that continues into the following sentences. An extended metaphor is also a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
Extended mind The Extended Mind is the name of a concept in the philosophy of mind which states that some objects in the external environment are so heavily used by the mind, that they become part of the mind. The central paper in this field is The Extended Mind, by Andy Clark and David Chalmers.
Extended ML Extended ML is a specification language created by Kahrs, Sannella and Tarlecki based on the ML programming language. It extends the syntax of ML to include axioms, which need not be executable but can rigorously specify the behavior of the program.
Extended play Extended play (EP) is the name typically given to vinyl records or CDs which contain more than one single, but are too short to qualify as albums. Usually, an album has eight or more tracks (anywhere between 25–80 minutes), a single has one to three (5–15 minutes), and an EP four to seven (or around 15–25 minutes).
Extended precision Extended precision refers to storage formats for floating point numbers which are larger and therefore more precise than the next best precision (usually double precision). Exactly what constitutes "larger" depends on the context, but the most common extended-precision format is currently the 80-bit format first used in the Intel 8087 math coprocessor (and later in the Motorola 68881), which has since become ubiquitous on the x86 architecture.
Extended producer responsibility Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with products throughout their life cycles into the market price of the products (OECD 1999).
Extended projection principle The Extended Projection Principle (EPP), a linguistic theory, was proposed by Chomsky as an addendum to the Projection principle (which it has outlived significantly). The basic idea of the EPP is that clauses must contain overt (i.
Extended Pilot The "Extended Pilot" is a longer version of the Pilot of the television series Arrested Development that was produced for the Season 1 DVD. It contains several new scenes and references, as well as extended takes of existing scenes.
Extended Play (Denver Harbor EP) Extended Play is the debut EP from Denver Harbor. It was first released by the band on December 16 2003, featuring a skit at the very end of the CD, about a hung-over girl who wakes up in bed next to a stranger.
Extended Remote Copy Extended Remote Copy or XRC is an IBM zSeries and System z9 mainframe computer technology for data replication. It combines supported hardware and z/OS software to provide asynchronous replication over long distances.
Extended superframe In telecommunication, an extended superframe is a T-carrier framing technique in which framing requiring less frequent synchronization than the original T-carrier superframe format is provided for D-4 formatting and for on-line, real-time testing of circuit capability and operating condition.
Extended supersymmetry In theoretical physics, extended supersymmetry is supersymmetry whose infinitesimal generators Q_i^alpha carry not only a spinor index alpha, but also an additional index i=1,2 dots N where N is integer (such as 2 or 4).
Extended sympathy Extended sympathy in welfare economics refers to interpersonal value judgments of the form that social state x for person A is ranked better than, worse than, or as good as social state y for person B (Arrow, 1963, pp. 114-15).
Extended Stay America The first Extended Stay America hotels opened in 1995 by a number of founders including management from Blockbuster Video and AutoNation. In 1996, Extended Stay America acquired StudioPLUS, further continuing its growth.
Extended Super Frame Extended Super Frame (ESF) is a T1 framing standard, sometimes called D5 framing. It is preferred to its predecessor, Super Frame, because it includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and bandwidth for a data link channel (used to pass out-of-band data between equipment.
Extended System Configuration Data ESCD or Extended System Configuration Data is a part of nonvolatile BIOS memory (aka CMOS memory) on the motherboard of a personal computer, where information about plug-and-play devices is stored. It's used by the BIOS to allocate resources for devices like expansion cards.
Extended Validation (High Assurance) SSL Certificates Extended Validation The term validation as used here should not be confused with the more rigorous concept of validation commonly found in a certificate context. (or EV) Certificates are a type of SSL digital certificate used to authenticate websites and to provide encryption.
Extended Vector Animation Extended Vector Animation (EVA) is a web-based vector graphic file format developed by Sharp Corporation in 1996. The EVA format differs from other vector formats because only the changes in vectors over time is recorded instead of information per frame.
Extended Versions Extended Versions is a live album that was recorded by the rock group Foreigner on November 26, 2005 at Texas Station in Las Vegas, NV. When the band announced that the concert was being recorded, they said that they would therefore be on their best behavior, but they hoped the audience would be "on their worst.
Extended Video Graphics Array Extended Video Graphics Array (or EVGA) is a standard created by the Video Electronics Standards Association in 1991 denoting a non-interlaced resolution of 1024x768 at a maximum of 70Hz refresh rate. EVGA is similar to (but is not the same as) the IBM XGA standard.
Extended warranty An extended warranty, sometimes called a service agreement, a service contract, or a maintenance agreement, is a prolonged warranty offered to consumers. The extended warranty may be offered by the warranty administrator, the retailer or the manufacturer.
Extended West Papuan The Extended West Papuan language family is a tentative proposal in Malcolm Ross's classification of Papuan languages. It includes the West Papuan languages of the Indonesian island of Halmahera and the Bird's Head Peninsula of far western New Guinea; the Yawa language isolate (or small family) on Yapen Island in Cenderawasih (Geelvink) Bay, Indonesian New Guinea (previously placed in the hypothetical Geelvink Bay family), and a newly proposed East Bird's Head-Sentani family scattered across northern Indonesian New Guinea.
Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), or more simply X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), is an experimental method in physics and chemistry of determining the bonding of solids by analyzing oscillations in x-ray absorption versus photon energy that are caused by interference. EXAFS spectra are displayed as graphs of the absorption coefficient of a given material versus energy, typically in a 500 – 1000 eV range beginning before an absorption edge of one of the elements in the solid.
Extended-range bass The Extended-Range Bass, ("ERB") as a term, refers to an electric bass guitar with more range (usually meaning more strings, but sometimes additional frets are added for more range) than the "standard" 4-string bass guitar. In practical usage, however, the term is often applied more to basses with more than 5 strings, including 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and even 12-string basses.
Extendible hashing Extendible hashing is a type of hash system which treats a hashcode as a bit string, and uses a trie for bucket lookup. Because of the heirarchical nature of the system, re-hashing is an incremental operation (done one bucket at a time, as needed).
Extendicare Extendicare () is a Toronto, Ontario based company that operates 440 long-term care facilities across North America. The company became a REIT and began trading on the TSX on November 10, 2006 under the symbol EXE.
Extensibility In software engineering, extensibility (sometimes confused with forward compatibility) is a system design principle where the implementation takes into consideration future growth. It is a systemic measure of the ability to extend a system and the level of effort required to implement the extension.
Extensible Application Markup Language Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML; pronounced "Zammel") is a declarative XML-based language used to define objects and their properties, relationships and interactions. The acronym originally stood for Extensible Avalon Markup Language, where Avalon was the code-name for Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
Extensible Data Format The Extensible Data Format (XDF) is an XML standard (specified as a DTD) developed by NASA, meant to be used throughout scientific disciplines. In many ways it is akin to XSIL, Extensible Scientific Interchange Language.
Extensible Firmware Interface The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware. EFI is intended as a significantly improved replacement of the old BIOS firmware interface historically used by all IBM PC compatible personal computersMichael Kinney.
Extensible Forms Description Language Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) is a class of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) specified in World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) NOTE-XFDL-19980902, Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) 4.0, September 2, 1998.
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, or XMPP, is an open, XML-based protocol for near-real-time, extensible instant messaging and presence information. It is the core protocol of the Jabber Instant Messaging and Presence technology which is currently deployed on thousands of Jabber servers across the Internet and is used by millions of people worldwide.
Extensible Metadata Platform The Extensible Metadata Platform or XMP is a specific type of extensible markup language used in PDF, photography and photo editing applications. It was first introduced by Adobe Systems in April 2001 as part of version 5.
Extensible ML Extensible ML (EML) is an ML-like programming language that adds support for object-oriented idioms in a functional setting. EML extends ML-style datatypes and functions with a class construct designed to be extended into hierarchies, thus allowing the programmer to seamlessly integrate the object-oriented programming paradigm with the traditional functional style.
Extensible MPEG-4 Textual Format The Extensible MPEG-4 Textual Format (XMT) is a high-level, XML-based file format for storing MPEG-4 data in a way suitable for further editing. In contrast, the more common MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4) format is less flexible and used for distributing finished content.
Extensible Music Format (XMF) The Extensible Music Format (XMF) is a family of music-related file formats created and administered by the MIDI Manufacturer's Association. XMF is based on the idea of containing one or more files in existing formats – such as Standard MIDI Files, DLS instrument files, WAV or other digital audio files, etc.
Extensible Object Markup Language Extensible Object Markup Language (XOML) is a phased-out name for the serialization format for Windows Workflow Foundation's workflow objects. The format is XAML, and the name “XOML” now appears only in the file extension .
Extensible programming Extensible programming is a term used in computer science to describe a style of computer programming that focuses on mechanisms to extend the programming language(s), compiler and runtime environment. Extensible programming languages, supporting this style of programming, were an active area of work in the 1960s, but the movement was marginalized in the 1970s, when it was superseded by work on programming abstraction.
Extensible Resource Identifier eXtensible Resource Identifier (abbreviated XRI) is a scheme and resolution protocol for abstract identifiers compatible with Uniform Resource Identifiers and Internationalized Resource Identifiers, developed by the XRI Technical Committee at OASIS. The goal of XRI is to provide a universal format for abstract, structured identifiers that are domain-, location-, application-, and transport-independent, so they can be shared across any number of domains, directories, and interaction protocols.
Extensible Stylesheet Language The eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is a family of transformation languages which allows one to describe how files encoded in the XML standard are to be formatted or transformed. There are three languages in the family:
Extension (computing) The term extension in a computing context most commonly refers to a computer program that although not useful or functional in its own right, is designed to be incorporated into another piece of software in order to enhance, or extend, the functionality.
Extension (model theory) In model theory, a model mathfrak{B} is an extension of a model mathfrak{A} (and mathfrak{A} is a submodel of mathfrak{B}) iff the universe A of mathfrak{A} is a subset of the universe B of mathfrak{B}, mathfrak{A} and mathfrak{B} share the same language mathcal{L}, and the interpretations in mathfrak{A} of the nonlogical symbols of mathcal{L} are the restrictions to A of their interpretations in mathfrak{B}.
Extension (Mac OS) On the Apple Macintosh operating system prior to Mac OS X, extensions were small pieces of code that extended the system's functionality. They were run initially at start-up time, and operated by a variety of mechanisms, including trap patching and other code modifying techniques.
Extension (Mozilla) Extensions are installable enhancements to the Mozilla Foundation's projects (and compatible variants such as Portable Firefox), and add features to the application or allow existing features to be modified. Mozilla developers intend Firefox to be a fairly minimal browser in order to reduce software bloat and bugs, while retaining a high degree of extensibility, so that individual users can add the features that they prefer.
Extension (semantics) In any of several studies that treat the use of signs, for example, linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics, the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.
Extension (telephone) A telephone extension is an internal telephone line attached to a PBX or Centrex system. The PBX operates much as a community switchboard does for a geographic telephone numbering plan and allows multiple lines inside the office to connect without each phone requiring a separate outside line.
Extension agency An extension agency is an organisation that practises extension, in the context of community development. An example is the Cooperative Extension Service, which aims to assist individuals or groups in defining and achieving their goals in rural communities in the USA.
Extension conflict Extension conflicts were sometimes a problem on Apple Macintosh computers running versions of Mac OS prior to X, especially System 7. Extensions were bundles of code that extended the operating system's capabilities by directly patching OS calls, thus receiving control instead of the operating system when applications (including the Finder) made system calls.
Extension cord An extension cord (also known as a power extender, or an extension lead, sometimes known as an extension cable, but that has a distinct meaning from extension cord for many people) is a length of flexible electrical power cable (flex) with a plug on one end and one or more sockets on the other end (usually of the same type as the plug). The term usually refers to mains (household AC) extensions but is also used to refer to extensions for other types of cabling.
Extension du domaine de la lutte Extension du domaine de la lutte, in English 'broadening of the struggle' , is the debut novel of French writer, Michel Houellebecq, which was published in 1994, and later made into a 1999 film directed by and starring Philippe Harel.
Extension language Extension languages are programming languages that allow users, programmers, and third-party developers to add features to a program without having to re-write the program as a whole, and it allows people extending a program to co-operate with each other, without having to expend any extra effort.
Extension Scouting Extension Scouting is a programme within Scouting which caters for young people with special needs. It is also the name of an outreach programme using the principles and methods of Scouting in Kenya, which seeks to help street children.
Extension tube An extension tube is an accessory for cameras with interchangeable lenses, used primarily for macro photography. The tube contains no optical elements; its sole purpose is to move the lens farther from the film or digital sensor.
Extensional In Philosophy of language, a context in which a subsentential expression e appears is called extensional if and only if e can be replaced by an expression with the same extension and necessarily preserve truth-value. The extension of a term is the set of objects that that term denotes.
Extensionality In mathematics, extensionality usually refers to some form of the principle, going back to Leibniz, that two mathematical objects are equal if there is no test to distinguish them. For example, given two mathematical functions f and g, we can say that they are equal if
Extensive growth Extensive Growth is based on the expansion of inputs that is likely to be subject to diminishing returns; therefore, it is often viewed as having no effect on per capita magnitudes in the long run. Irmen, Andreas, "Extensive and Intensive Growth in a Neoclassical Framework" (February 2004).
Extensive stage Extensive stage, or by its full name, predominantly extensive stage of accumulation is pertains at one of the periodizations of capitalism, as proposed by Aglietta (1976). It is the first stage of capitalism and thus in it there is plenty of room for the extension of capitalist relations of production, meaning, of wage labour and therefore of commodity production.
Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movement at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the 2nd metacarpal.
Extensor digitorum muscle The Extensor digitorum (Extensor digitorum communis) arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antibrachial fascia.
Extensor expansion An extensor expansion (dorsal expansion, dorsal hood) is an anatomical term that refers to the flattened tendons (aponeurosis) of extensor muscles that run into the back of the hand. At the distal end of the metacarpal, the extensor tendon will expand to form a hood, which covers the back and sides of the head of the metacarpal and the proximal phalanx.
Extensor muscle An extensor muscle is any skeletal muscle that opens a joint increasing the angle between components of a limb, such as straightening the knee or elbow and bending the wrist or spine. With the exception of the knee joint the movement is directed backward.
Extenuating circumstances This expression extenuating circumstances is used in law with reference to crimes, to describe cases in which, though an offence has been committed without legal justification or excuse, its gravity, from the point of view of punishment or moral opprobrium, is mitigated or reduced by reason of the facts leading up to or attending the commission of the offence.
ExtenXLS ExtenXLS: a Java Excel Reporting Toolkit from the developers at Extentech. ExtenXLS is an easy-to-use reporting API that allows for the reading in, modifying and creation of spreadsheet-based reports from Java applications.
Exterior algebra In mathematics, the exterior algebra (also known as the Grassmann algebra, after Hermann Grassmann) of a given vector space V over a field K is a certain unital associative algebra which contains V as a subspace. It is denoted by Λ(V) or Λ•(V) and its multiplication is known as the wedge product or the exterior product and is written as wedge.
Exterior bundle In mathematics, the exterior bundle of a manifold M is the subbundle of the tensor bundle consisting of all antisymmetric covariant tensors. It has special significance, because one can define a connection-independent derivative on it, namely the exterior derivative.
Exterior cleaning Exterior cleaning is the process of enhancing the experience of a building exterior, through the restoration of good hygience or removal of unsightly litter or general much. Not to be confused with interior cleaning, i.
Exterior covariant derivative In mathematics, the exterior covariant derivative, sometimes also covariant exterior derivative, is a very useful notion for calculus on manifolds, which makes it possible to simplify formulas which use a connection.
Exterior Insulation Finishing System Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems ("EIFS") are a type of building product that provides exterior walls with a finished surface, insulation and waterproofing in an integrated composite system. EIFS is also known as "synthetic stucco", and "Dryvit".
Extermination camp Extermination camps were the facilities constructed by Nazi Germany in World War II where the Nazis systematically killed millions of Jews as part of what was later deemed The HolocaustDoris Bergen, Germany and the Camp System, part of Auschwitz: Inside the Nazi State, Community Television of Southern California, 2004-2005. Bodies of those killed by the Nazis were usually either cremated or buried in mass graves.
Extermination Order Missouri Executive Order 44also known as The "Extermination Order" (alt. Exterminating Order) in Latter Day Saint] [[History of the Latter Day Saint movement|history was an executive order issued on October 27, 1838 by Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs.
Extermination through labour Extermination through labourOften also translated as death through work, extermination through work, annihilation through labor or destruction through labor () was a Nazi German World War II principle that regulated the aims and purposes of most of their labour and concentration camps . The rule demanded that the inmates of German WWII camps be forced to work for the German war industry with only basic tools and minimal food rations until totally exhausted .
Exterminator (roller coaster) The Exterminator is a steel roller coaster located at Kennywood Park, in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. It is an indoor wild mouse coaster with the theme of giant rats wreaking havoc on Kennywood's electric system.
Exterminatus Within the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000, Exterminatus in Extremis (normally known as Exterminatus) is the name of an order given by the Imperium to destroy a planetary biosphere. To the right are images depicting the planet Dolumar IV undergoing an Exterminatus following a battle between the Imperium, Tau and forces of Chaos.
Extern Minister An Extern Minister was an Irish minister appointed by the Governor-General of the Irish Free State on the nomination of a committee of Dáil Éireann. Unlike Irish Ministers of the Crown, who together formed the Executive Council of the Irish Free State and shared collective cabinet responsibility as His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State, an Extern Minister was intended to be a minister who operated outside the Executive Council, had no share in collective cabinet responsibility, and whose term of office was independent of that of the Executive Council.
Extern variable As an alternative to local variables, it is possible to define variables that are external to all functions, that is, variables that can be accessed by name by any function. An external variable must be defined, exactly once, outside of any function; this sets aside storage for it.
External auditor An External auditor is an audit professional who performs an audit on the financial statements of a company, government, individual, or any other legal entity or organization, and who is independent of the entity being audited. Users of these entity's financial information, such as investors, government agencies, and the general public, rely on the external auditor to present an unbiased and independent evaluation on such entities.
External ballistics External ballistics is the part of ballistics that refers to the behavior of a bullet after it exits the barrel and before it hits the target. When in flight, the main forces acting on the projectile are gravity and air resistance.
External beam radiotherapy External beam radiotherapy otherwise known as teletherapy, is the most frequently used form of radiotherapy. The patient sits or lies on a couch and an external source of radiation is pointed at a particular part of the body.
External cephalic version External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It should only be attempted from 34 weeks on and often is reserved for later due to the fact that breech presentation greatly decreases with every week.
External Credit Assessment Institutions Under the Basel II Accord framework for international banking regulation (developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision), banks are permitted to choose between two broad methodologies for calculating their capital requirements for credit risk (that is, how much money they must set aside to balance the risk carried by their financial portfolio). One of these methodologies measures credit risk in a standardized manner, supported by "external credit assessments" made by certain qualifying credit rating agencies, referred to as "External Credit Assessment Institutions" (ECAIs).
External degree An external degree is a degree offered by a university to students who have not attended the institution. These undergraduates may be called external students and may study at classes unconnected with the university, or independently, or by distance learning.
External Data Representation eXternal Data Representation (XDR) is an IETF standard from 1995 of the presentation layer in the OSI model. XDR allows data to be wrapped in an architecture independent manner so data can be transferred between heterogeneous computer systems.
External electric load If an electric circuit has a well-defined output terminal, the circuit connected to this terminal (or its input impedance) is the load. (The term 'load' may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit; that topic is not discussed here.
External examiner The external examiner plays an important role in all degree level examinations in higher education in the United Kingdom. The external examiner system was introduced into the UK during the 19th century, and it is therefore also found in countries whose higher education systems were developed on the basis of UK practice, or strongly influenced by it, after its introduction (e.
External fixation External fixation is a surgical routine to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture. In this kind of reduction, holes are drilled into uninjured areas of bones around the fracture and special bolts are screwed into the holes.
External flow In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without contstraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible.
External intercostal membrane Unlike the other two intercostal muscles, the external intercostal muscle does not retain its muscular character all the way to the sternum, and so the tissue in this location is called the external intercostal membrane.
External jugular vein The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein.
External Lewis The External Lewis , Kerb Lifter or Slab Lifter is a type of lifting device used in the Stonemasonry trade since Medieval times. Originally shaped like a pair of scissor-tongs, and swung from a treadwheel crane, the External Lewis has been modified to handle kerbstones and large slabs of polished stone in contemporary stone yards.
External ray In complex analysis, particularly in complex dynamics and geometric function theory, external rays are associated to a compact, full, connected subset K, of the complex plane as the images of radial rays under the Riemann map of the complement of K,. Equivalently, they are the gradient lines of the Green's function of K, or field lines of Douady-Hubbard potential .
External respiration External respiration is one of two forms of respiration occurring among humans: (1) External Respiration and (2) Internal Respiration. The term refers to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the pulmonary loop of circulation including the lungs.
External Relations Act The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936 was an enactment of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) in 1936. The Act was one of two passed suddenly to deal with the aftermath of the abdication of King Edward VIII as King of Ireland along with his other Commonwealth Realms.
External sorting External sorting is a generic term for a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted does not fit into the main memory of a computing device (usually RAM) and a slower kind of memory (usually a hard drive) needs to be used.
Externality In economics, an externality is a cost or benefit from an economic transaction that parties "external" to the transaction receive. Externalities can be either positive, when an external benefit is generated, or negative, when an external cost is imposed upon others.
Externship Externships are experiential learning opportunities, similar to internships, offered by educational institutions to give students short practical experiences in their field of study. In medicine it may refer to a visiting physician who is not part of the regular staff.
Extinct Australian animals Following is a complete list of Australian vertebrate extinctions from 1788 to the present. There are 23 birds, 4 frogs, and 27 mammal species known to have become extinct since European settlement of Australia.
Extinct birds Since 1500, over 140 species of birds have become extinct, and this rate of extinction seems to be increasing. The situation is exemplified by Hawai‘i, where 30% of all known recently extinct species originally lived.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.