Encyclopedia

Energy and Environment The journal Energy and Environment is a social science journal published by Multi-Science. The journal's editor is Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, a reader in geography at the University of Hull in England and climate skeptic.
Energy and Environmental Research Center The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) is a research facility at the University of North Dakota (UND) in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The EERC is recognized internationally as a leader in clean energy research and development.
Energy and Environmental Security Initiative (EESI) Established in 2003, the Energy and Environmental Security Initiative (EESI) is an interdisciplinary think tank located at the University of Colorado School of Law. The fundamental mission of EESI is to serve as an interdisciplinary center that is pivotal in developing and crafting State, U.
Energy blast An energy blast is a huge quantity of energy in the form of a projectile that has destructive effects when it strikes an object. It is a very common type of attack in various forms of fiction, although the phenomenon can occur in real life as well.
Energy budget An energy budget is a balance sheet of energy income against expenditure. It is studied under Energetics which deals with the study energy transfer and transformation from one form to another, calorie being its basic unit of measurement.
Energy Blue Energy Blue is a GUI art concept produced by Microsoft and introduced in 2004 directed for Windows Media Center desktops and Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Tablet PCs. It is composed of a new wallpaper (inspired by Windows XP Bliss), a desktop theme and skins.
Energy card An Energy card is one of the three categories of cards in the Pokémon Trading Card Game, the other two being Pokémon cards and Trainer cards. Energy cards are used to power up the Pokémon in order to attack.
Energy condition In relativistic classical field theories of gravitation, particularly general relativity, an energy condition is one of various alternative conditions which are not consequences of the field equation but which can be imposed on a spacetime model as an additional constraint. The hope is that any physically reasonable matter distribution in Nature will satisfy at least one of these conditions, while most physically unreasonable distributions will violate at least one of them.
Energy conservation Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar outcome of end use. This practice may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human comfort.
Energy conservation society The Energy Conservation Society (ECS) is a Non Governmental Organisation-NGO- in Kerala ,India, engaged in promoting conservation of Energy & Environment and Sustainable Development. web address http://www.
Energy conversion In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. Energy found in fossil fuels, solar radiation, or nuclear fuels needs to be converted into other energy forms such as electrical, propulsive, or heating to be useful.
Energy Conservation Building Code The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), currently in draft form, is a document that specifies the energy performance requirements for all commercial buildings that are to be constructed in India. Buildings with electrical connected load of 500 kW or more are covered by the ECBC.
Energy Crisis and The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil The documentary film The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil, tells the story of the sudden economic collapse of Cuba and the dramatic steps taken by both individual Cubans and the government in dealing with an unexpected and drastic drop in imports of oil, oil based products, food and medicines. It is a story of a country forced to turn away from dependence on external sources of energy and food and to develop internal sustainable systems to meet the energy and nutritional needs of its people.
Energy demand management Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). Energy demand management entails actions that influence the quantity or patterns of use of energy consumed by end users, such as actions targeting reduction of peak demand during periods when energy-supply systems are constrained.
Energy density Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or per unit mass, depending on the context. In some cases it is obvious from context which quantity is most useful: for example, in rocketry, energy per unit mass is the most important parameter, but when studying pressurized gas or magnetohydrodynamics the energy per unit volume is more appropriate.
Energy Express Energy Express is a six-week summer program, sponsored by AmeriCorps, which promotes the school success of children living in rural and low-income communities across West Virginia. Energy Express provides summer learning experiences focused on reading, serves two nutritious, family-style meals each day, engages college students in service through AmeriCorps, and develops strong partnerships involving parents, schools, communities, and state agencies and organizations.
Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is a technique used in Transmission electron microscopy, in which only electrons of particular kinetic energies are used to form the image or diffraction pattern. The technique can be used to aid chemical analysis of the sample in conjunction with complementary techniques such as electron crystallography.
Energy forestry Energy forestry is a form of forestry in which a fast-growing species of tree or woody shrub is grown specifically to provide bio-fuel for heating or power generation. The two forms of energy forestry are short rotation coppice and short rotation forestry.
Energy Hog Energy Hog is an energy efficiency campaign developed by the Ad Council and run by the Alliance to Save Energy that engages children and raises awareness of the benefits of energy efficiency. He is a villainous character who wastes energy in the home.
Energy charge Many reactions in metabolism are controlled by the energy status of the cell. One index of the energy status is the energy charge, which is proportional to the mole fraction of ATP plus half the mole fraction of ADP, given that ATP contains two anhydride bonds whereas ADP contains one.
Energy Charter Treaty The Energy Charter Treaty is an international agreement originally based on integrating the energy sectors of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War into the broader European and world markets.
Energy industry The energy industry is a generic term for all of the industries involved the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing fuel and refining, and fuel distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.
Energy landscape In physics, an energy landscape is a pair (X, f) consisting of a topological space X representing the physical states or parameters of a system together with a continuous function f: X → Rn representing the energies associated to these states or parameters such that the image of f represents a hypersurface in Rn.
Energy level A quantum mechanical system can only be in certain states, so that only certain energy levels are possible. The term energy level is most commonly used in reference to the electron configuration in atoms or molecules.
Energy level splitting Energy level splitting occurs in physics when the degenerate energy levels of two or more states are split because of external fields or other effects. The term is most commonly used in quantum theory in reference to the electron configuration in atoms or molecules.
Energy management system An energy management system (EMS) is usually a system of computer-aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation and/or transmission system. The monitor and control functions are known as SCADA; the optimization packages are often referred to as "advanced applications".
Energy medicine Energy Medicine is a term used to describe the signalling of information or, according to David Bohm, "In-formation" from one thing to another. The term can be quite misleading and is actually information medicine with particular reference to having health benefits either psychologically, physiologically or spiritually.
Energy monitoring and targeting A management technique, providing (typically) a weekly or monthly assessment of actual energy consumptions relative to expected or 'target' values. Expected consumptions can be computed by various methods; a popular one is to use a straight-line relationship between consumption and an appropriate driving factor such as production throughput, or the weather expressed as degree days, etc.
Energy Market Authority Singapore's Energy Market Authority (EMA) promotes competition in the electricity and piped gas industry and maintains the security and reliability of the power system. Formed on 1st April 2001, EMA is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry that regulates the electricity and gas industry and district cooling services in designated areas.
Energy Northwest Energy Northwest is a municipal corporation in Washington state tasked with building and operating power plants. It was organized in 1957 as the Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS) to build a network of nuclear power plants throughout the state.
Energy Orchard Energy Orchard were an Northern Irish guitar-based rock band of the late 1980s and early 1990s, from Belfast. Fronted by Bap Kennedy (brother of Irish singer-songwriter Brian Kennedy), their style drew heavily on the influence of Van Morrison and other classic RnB, but incorporated traditional elements of Irish folk music to create a unique sound.
Energy policy Energy policy is the manner a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy production, distribution and consumption. The attributes of energy policy may include legislation, international treaties, incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation, taxation and other public policy techniques.
Energy policy of the European Union Although the European Union has legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, and evolved out of the European Coal and Steel Community, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was only approved at the meeting of the European Council on October 27, 2005 in London.
Energy policy of the United Kingdom The Energy policy of the United Kingdom is a set of official publications and activities directed at the present and future production, transmission and use of various power technologies within the UK. Historically a country emphasizing its coal, nuclear and off-shore natural gas production, the United Kingdom is in transition to become a net energy importer.
Energy principles in structural mechanics Energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships between stresses, strains or deformations, displacements, material properties, and external effects in the form of energy or work done by internal and external forces. Since energy is a scalar quantity, these relationships provide convenient and alternative means for formulating the governing equations of deformable bodies in solid mechanics.
Energy production in Japan Japan lacks significant domestic sources of fossil energy except coal and must import substantial amounts of crude oil, natural gas, and other energy resources, including uranium. In 1990 the country's dependence on imports for primary energy stood at more than 84%.
Energy Policy Act of 1992 The Energy Policy Act is a United States government act. Among the provisions is Section 801, which directs the Environmental Protection Agency to promulgate radiation protection standards for the Yucca Mountain repository.
Energy Policy Act of 2005 The Energy Policy Act of 2005 () is a statute that was passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8 2005 at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Energy quality Energy quality is the contrast between different forms of energy, the different trophic levels in ecological systems and the propensity of energy to convert from one form to another. The concept refers to our empirical experience of the characteristics, or qualia, of different energy forms as they flow and transform.
Energy Retail Association The Energy Retail Association is a trade association for energy suppliers in the United Kingdom. Established in October 2003, its remit is to identify areas in which those suppliers can work together without regard to competitive advantage.
Energy spectrum An energy spectrum is a distribution of energy among a large assemblage of particles. It is a statistical representation of the wave energy as a function of the wave frequency, and an empirical estimator of the spectral function.
Energy superpower There is as yet no consensus as to what an energy superpower is exactly, or how to define it apart from other large resource-producing states. An approximate definition of such a state is one that possesses incredible amounts of energy reserves or potential reserves in areas like oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, and perhaps even renewable energy.
Energy Saving Module Energy Saving Module(s)(ESM) represent a green technology that reduces the electricity consumption (kWh) and maximum demand (kW) of air conditioning and refrigeration compressors. The concept was first developed in Australia in 1983 by Abbotly Technologies and is now distributed by Smartcool Systems Inc..
Energy Sciences Network The Energy Sciences Network is a high-speed network serving United States Department of Energy (DOE) scientists and their collaborators worldwide. It is managed by staff at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Energy Service Provider An Energy Service Provider is a company supplying an outsourced energy management service. This service can comprise the collection of energy consumption data, the validation and estimation of these data, the reporting and even the improving of energy efficiency.
Energy Slave An Energy Slave is that quantity of energy (ability to do work) which, when used to construct and drive non-human infrastructure (machines, roads, power grids, fuel, draft animals, wind-driven pumps, etc.) replaces a unit of human labour (actual work).
Energy Star Energy Star is a United States government program to promote energy efficient consumer products. It is well known for its logo appearing on many computer products and peripherals, though on many European-targeted products, TCO Certification, a combined energy usage and ergonomics rating from the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (TCO), is used instead.
Energy tax An energy tax is a tax on various forms of energy production, typically levied on the burning of fossil fuels. Often the purpose of the tax is not so much to raise tax revenue as to promote environmental causes such as sustainable development.
Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom has been receiving increased attention over recent years. Key factors behind this are the UK Government's commitment to reducing carbon emissions, the projected 'energy gap' in electricity generation, and the increasing reliance on imports to meet national energy needs.
Energy value of coal The energy value of coal, or the fuel content, is the amount of potential energy in coal that can be converted into actual heating ability. The value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal or even other materials.
Energy vampire In New Age terminology, an energy vampire or psychic vampire is a being said to have the ability to feed off the "life force" (called, variously, qi, prana, or vitality) of other living creatures. Alternative terms for these persons are pranic vampire, empathic vampire, energy predator, psy/psi-vamp, energy parasite, psionic vampire and emotional vampire.
Energy World Energy World was a demonstration project of 51 low-energy houses constructed in the Shenley Lodge area of Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. The project was promoted by the Milton Keynes Development Corporation and culminated in a public exhibition in August and October 1986 that attracted international interest.
Energy-credits An Energy-credit, sometimes called an energy certificate, is a hypothetical accounting unit, proposed by the Technocratic movement, which would record the Energy used to produce and distribute goods and services consumed by citizens in a Technocracy, or Technate as the movement calls it. Energy-credits would replace money in a Technate, but unlike traditional money or currencies, energy-credits would not be used by the populace themselves.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) is an analytical tool predominantly used for chemical characterization. Being a type of spectroscopy, it relies on the investigation of a sample through interactions between light and matter, analyzing X-rays in its particular case.
Energy-momentum tensor (general relativity) The energy-momentum tensor (general relativity) is a tensor quantity that describes the matter-energy content of spacetime in Einstein's theory of general relativity, this theory of gravitation describing the matter-energy as curving the spacetime in which matter is embedded, this interaction being described by the Einstein field equations.
Energy-plus-house An energy-plus-house produces more energy from renewable energy sources, on average over the course of a year, than it imports from external sources. This is achieved using some combination microgeneration technology and low-energy building techniques such as passive solar building design, insulation and careful site selection and placement.
Energy-Quest Energy-Quest (formerly The Hydrogen Expedition) is an organization that seeks to educate the public about the risks of an impending energy crisis due to the current worldwide dependence on fossil fuels and the benefits of energy conservation and the use of renewable energy sources. It intends to do so through a series of three record-setting ocean voyages:
EnergyCAP EnergyCAP is an energy information software program published by Good Steward Software The sucessor to the popular [[Faser] software, EnergyCAP is used to track, audit, manage, pay and report utility bills and energy data. [http://www.
EnergyICT EnergyICT is a Belgian provider of solutions for energy management related problems. These solutions consist of in-house developed RTU dataloggers, Energy Management Software, Load Balancing Software and Remote Meter Reading Software.
EnergyMech The EnergyMech is a powerful IRC bot written in the C programming language according to the GNU General Public License software license. History before 1997 is unclear but the current version was branched off the original EnergyMech written by Polygon.
EnergySolutions EnergySolutions is one of the world’s largest processors of low level waste (LLW), and is the largest nuclear waste company in the United States. EnergySolutions is a privately held company based in Salt Lake City, Utah, although it has operations in 40 states.
Energywatch Energywatch is a quango charged with protecting and promoting the interests of all gas and electricity consumers in the United Kingdom. Energywatch was created in November 2000 under the provisions of the Utility Act 2000.
EnerGuide EnerGuide is the official Government of Canada mark associated with the labelling and rating of the energy consumption or energy efficiency of specific products. EnerGuideTM labelling exists for appliances, heating and cooling equipment, houses and vehicles.
Enets language Enets is a Samoyedic language spoken by the Enets people along the lower Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. There are two distinct dialects - Forest Enets and Tundra Enets - which may be considered separate languages.
Enets people The Enets people (; singular: ), or Yenetses, Entsy, Entsi, Yenisei, Yenisei-Samoyed, Yenisey Samoyeds or Yeniseian people are a traditionally nomadic people who live on the east bank, near the mouth, of the Yenisei River. Many live in the village of Potapovo in Krasnoyarsk Krai in western Siberia near the arctic circle.
Enewetak Enewetak (or Eniwetok) is an atoll in the Marshall Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. Its land consists of about 40 small islets totalling less than 6 km², surrounding a lagoon, 80 km (50 mi) in circumference.
Enewetak (band) Enewetak is a grindcore band that was formed in Orange, California in 1994 and is widely considered to be one of the most influencial bands in the genre. Enewetak has been called "one of the most progressive hardcore bands of the mid-to-late nineties, overshadowing its contemporaries such as Unruh & Suicide Nationhttp://www.
Enfeh Enfeh is a small fishing town on the coast of North Lebanon built around the ruins of several short-lived cities going back to the pre-Phoenician period. Natural dwelling caves abound on the surrounding hill of Al-Gheer; the original city lies on a small near-island about half a kilometer into the sea.
Enfeoffment Under the feudal system, enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another.
Enfield (UK Parliament constituency) Enfield was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Enfield district of what was then the Municipal Borough of Enfield. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Enfield 8000 The Enfield 8000 was a 2-seater battery-electric city car, produced in the United Kingdom by Enfield Automotive in the early 1970s. The company was acquired by the Greek Neorion company and basic production was transferred to the Greek island of Syros (the cars being finished in the United Kingdom).
Enfield East (UK Parliament constituency) Enfield East was a constituency which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 1950 general election and abolished for the February 1974 general election.
Enfield Chase railway station Enfield Chase railway station is located in Windmill Hill, Enfield, in the London Borough of Enfield in north London, and is in Travelcard Zone 5. The station, and all trains serving it, is operated by First Capital Connect.
Enfield Lock Enfield Lock is a place in the London Borough of Enfield, in the north of London. It is roughly located in the area either side of Ordnance Road between Enfield Lock railway station and the River Lea Navigation
Enfield Lock railway station Enfield Lock railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in north east London, and is in Travelcard Zone 6, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines, on the West Anglian Railway. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by 'one'.
Enfield revolver Enfield Revolvers were British handguns manufactured at the government-owned Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield. First model Enfield revolvers were the official sidearm of the Northwest Mounted Police, and later models were the standard British sidearm in the Second World War.
Enfield West (UK Parliament constituency) Enfield West was a constituency which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 1950 general election and abolished for the February 1974 general election.
Enfield, County Meath Enfield (An BĂłthair BuĂ­ in Irish) is a town in south County Meath, Ireland, located between Kilcock and Kinnegad and sits very close to the County Meath - County Kildare border. Enfield is 26 miles from Dublin city centre and is a part of the Dublin commuter belt.
Enfilade and defilade Enfilade and defilade are military tactical concepts used to describe a military formation's exposure to enemy fire. In addition, enfilade fire is used to describe gunfire directed against an "enfiladed" formation or position.
Enfleurage Enfleurage is a process that uses odorless fats that are solid at room temperature to capture the fragrant compounds exuded by plants. The process can be "cold" enfleurage or "hot" enfleurage.
Enflurane Enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2,-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether that was commonly used for inhalational anesthesia during the 1970s and 1980s. Developed by Ross Terrell in 1963, it was first used clinically in 1966.
Enforcement Acts The Enforcement Acts in the United States from 1865 to 1875 were meant to protect rights of southern blacks following the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution as part of Reconstruction.
Enforcement discretion Enforcement discretion is the ability that executors of the law (such as police officers or administrative agencies, in some cases) have to select who they want to enforce laws against. The use of enforcement discretion in an arbitrary way is referred to as selective enforcement or selective prosecution.
Enforcement of foreign judgments In the Conflict of Laws, issues relevant to the enforcement of foreign judgments are frequently regulated by bilateral treaty or multilateral international convention to facilitate the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments between states. This area of judicial process is growing in importance.
Enforcer (professional wrestling) Enforcer is a professional wrestling term for one of two situations. An enforcer is either a bodyguard/powerhouse for a wrestler/faction, or can be a reference to a person who acts as a guest ringside referee during a match.
Enforcer Sergeant The Enforcer Sergeant (sometimes called Feral's Sergeant or simply the Sergeant) is an able-bodied and loyal Enforcer officer whose real name is never revealed. He appears in the animated television series SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron.
Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide (INN) is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is marketed under the trade name Fuzeon (Roche).
Engadin The Engadin or Engadine (German: Engadin, Romansch: Engiadina) is a long mountain valley located in the canton of GraubĂĽnden in southeast of Switzerland. It follows the route of the Inn River from its headwaters at Maloja Pass running northeast until the Inn flows into Austria one hundred kilometers downstream.
Engage (organization) Engage is an organisation which publishes materials in opposition to left and liberal antisemitism, primarily in UK academic institutions. The organization describes its mission as follows: "Engage challenges left and liberal antisemitism in the labour movement, in our universities and in public life more generally.
Engage (visual arts) Engage is the national association for gallery education in the United Kingdom. The organisation promotes access to, enjoyment and understanding of the visual arts through 'gallery education', projects and programmes which help schoolchildren and the wider community become confident in their understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts and galleries.
Engaged Buddhism Engaged Buddhism is a term originally coined by Vietnamese Zen Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh. During the Vietnam War, he and his sangha (spiritual community) made efforts to respond to the suffering they saw around them.
Engaged column In architecture, an engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached. Engaged columns are rarely found in classical Greek architecture, and then only in exceptional cases, but in Roman architecture they exist in profusion, most commonly embedded in the cella walls of pseudoperipteral buildings
Engagement (film) Engagement is a South African film directed by Bryony and Mark Roughton. The movie refers to itself as "A modern day parable: a dramatic romance filmed in Port Elizabeth in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, South Africa.
Engagement marketing Engagement marketing, sometimes called "participation marketing," is a marketing strategy that invites and encourages consumers to participate in the evolution of a brand. Rather than looking at consumers as passive receivers of messages, engagement marketers believe that consumers should be actively involved in the production and co-creation of marketing programs.
Engagement ring In Western tradition, an engagement ring is a diamond ring worn by a woman on her left-hand ring finger indicating her engagement to be married. By modern convention, the ring is usually presented as a betrothal gift by a man to his prospective bride while or directly after she accepts his marriage proposal.
Engagements on Lake Ontario The Engagements on Lake Ontario encompass the prolonged naval contest for control of the lake during the War of 1812. Few actions were fought, none of which had decisive results, and the contest essentially became a naval building race.
Engagers The Engagers were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters, who in made "The Engagement" with King Charles I in December 1647 while he was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle by the English Parliamenterians after his defeat in the First Civil War.
Engalychev Engalychev, also transliterated Engalytscheff and Jengalitschev (Almanach de Gotha 1937), is a princely family recognized by the Russian empire. Its origin is from medieval independent rulers of the Finnic Mordovians, or tatarized Mordovians, titled "mourzas" (tatar) and mentioned as of Mordvin origin.
Engaruka Engaruka is an abandoned system of ruins in the Great Rift Valley of northern Tanzania, famed for its irrigation and cultivation system. It is considered one of the most important Tanzanian archaeological sites.
Engativá Engativá, which translates to Chieftain of Inga, was a municipality of Cundinamarca, but became a locality of Bogotá, Colombia when Bogotá was made "Special District" (today "Capital District"). Located in Engativá are the El Dorado International Airport, the National Administrative Center, Inravision Colombia (governmental television channels) and the National Registraduria of the Civil State (Host Main National).

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