Encyclopedia

England's European Under-21 Football Championship Record England's European Under-21 Football Championship Record includes winning the European Under-21 Football Championship twice, in 1982 and 1984. England's Under-21s have also been losing semi-finalists on four occasions, and got knocked out in the finals group stage twice.
England, England England, England (1998) is a philosophical novel by Julian Barnes which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. The novel is set in the Britain of the not-too-distant future, and chronicles the creation of a giant England themed amusement park, called "England, England", which also operates as an independent state.
Engle Passage Engle Passage is a stretch of water between East Falkland and George Island in the Falkland Islands. George Island and Speedwell Island form the southern stretch of land to the south of the passage while East Falkland forms the northern stretch.
Engle, West Virginia Engle is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA, originally known by the names of Millers Mill, Striders Crossing, Keller, and Engles Switch before its post office's name changed to Engle in 1910.
Englefield Green Englefield Green is a village of 7500 people in northern Surrey, UK. It is near Royal Holloway, University of London, the south eastern corner of Windsor Great Park and the towns of Egham, Old Windsor and Virginia Water.
Englehart, Ontario Englehart is a town in the district of Timiskaming, province of Ontario, Canada, with a population of 1,703. It was built in 1908 by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway (forerunner of Ontario Northland) as a rest stop between North Bay and Cochrane.
Englemount-Lawrence Englemount-Lawrence is an officially designated neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The neighbourhood is bounded by Bathurst Street on the east, Highway 401 to the north, the Allen to the west, and Hillhurst Boulevard (just north of Eglinton Avenue) to the south.
Englert-Greenberger duality relation The Englert-Greenberger duality relation relates the visibility V of interference fringes with the definiteness or distinguishability D of the photons' paths in quantum optics. Gregg Jaeger, Abner Shimony, Lev Vaidman, "Two interferometric complementarities", Phys.
Engleside Hotel Engleside Hotel was one of the most decorative and beautiful Victorian hotels that once stood in Beach Haven (located on the southern end of Long Beach Island), New Jersey. Built in the early 1870's by Quakers, it quickly became one of the most popular resorts on Long Beach Island, along with the Baldwin Hotel located nearby.
Englewood Cliffs College Englewood Cliffs College was a women's college for Roman Catholic nuns and laypersons in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Founded by the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Newark and primarily designed to be a sisters' college, the college closed in 1974.
Englewood Community Redevelopment Area (CRA) The Englewood Community Redevelopment Area (CRA) is a special district the Sarasota County Board of County Commissioners created in 1999 on the Sarasota side of Englewood. The Board of County Commissioners is the Redevelopment Board.
Englewood High School Rich in tradition and pride, Englewood High School was constructed in 1956 and exemplifies the concept of a "neighborhood school." Located on 37 acres on the Southside of Jacksonville, Florida, this school is one of the 17 high schools in Duval County Public School System.
Englewood High School (Colorado) Englewood High School is a public high school in the Englewood Schools District, located in the city of Englewood, Colorado, a suburb of Denver, in Arapahoe County. It is one of two high schools in the district.
Englewood Hospital and Medical Center Englewood Hospital and Medical Center is an "acute care teaching hospital affiliated with the prestigious Mount Sinai School of Medicine" in Englewood, New Jersey.is renowned for (among other things) its cardiac program and its bloodless surgery] program.
Englewood Public School District The Englewood Public School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in Kindergarten through twelfth grade from Englewood, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The district participates in the Interdistrict Public School Choice Program at Dwight Morrow High School.
Englewood Station (Chicago) Englewood Station or Englewood Union Station in Chicago, Illinois' south side Englewood neighborhood was a crucial junction and passenger depot for three railroads - the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, the New York Central Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad - although it was for the glamorous eastbound streamliners of the latter two that the station was truly famous. Englewood Station also served passenger trains of the New York, Chicago and St.
Englewood Township, Bergen County, New Jersey (Historical) Englewood Township was a Township that existed in Bergen County, New Jersey and was established on March 22, 1871 when Hackensack Township was subdivided into three new Townships. Englewood Township lasted just short of twenty-five years, and was dissolved on March 12, 1896.
English and French monarchs overlap chart This chart shows which monarchs of England and France reigned at the same time. This chart was created to help understand the progression of relations between these kingdoms because of the long rivalry between them over the centuries.
English art English art is a term referring to a body of the visual arts originating from the nation of England, in the form of a continuous tradition. Following historical surveys such as Creative Art In England by William Johnstone (1936 and 1950), Nikolaus Pevsner attempted a definition in his 1956 book The Englishness of English Art, as did Sir Roy Strong in his 2000 book The Spirit of Britain: A narrative history of the arts, and Peter Ackroyd in his 2002 book The Origins of the English Imagination.
English as a lingua franca for Europe English as a lingua franca for Europe, also known by the abbreviation ELFE, is a concept promoted by some linguistics experts , which aims to standardise the use of the English language in the European Union. English, in some form or another, is already widely used and understood by people in EU countries, despite it only being spoken natively by a small percentage of those people.
English auction In an English auction (also called an Open-outcry auction), the auctioneer begins the auction with the reserve price (lowest acceptable price) and then takes larger and larger bids from the customers until no one will increase the bid. The item is then sold to the highest bidder.
English Apocalypse Manuscripts Illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts are manuscripts that contain the text of Revelation and/or a commentary on Revelation and also illustrations. Many of the more famous Apocalypse manuscripts were made in England c.
English Armada The English Armada (also known as the Counter Armada) was a fleet of warships sent to the Iberian coast by Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1589, during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) in an unsuccessful and expensive attempt to drive home her advantage upon the defeat and dispersal of the Spanish Armada in the previous year. The expedition was led by Sir Francis Drake as admiral and Sir John Norreys as general, and is also referred to as The Drake-Norris Expedition, 1589.
English As She Is Spoke English as She Is Spoke is the common name of a 19th-century book credited to José da Fonseca and Pedro Carolino, which was intended as a Portuguese-English conversational guide or phrase book, but is regarded as a classic source of unintentional humour.
English billiards English billiards, called simply billiards in England where it originated, and variously as the English game, the all-in game and as the common game, is a hybrid form of carom and pocket billiards played on a 6' Ă— 12' rectangular table with pockets in the four corners and in the middle of the long sides (see Snooker for markings and a diagram).
English Baroque English Baroque is a casual term sometimes used to refer to the developments in English architecture that were parallel to the evolution of Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).
English Baroque Soloists The English Baroque Soloists is a chamber orchestra playing on period instruments, formed in 1978 by English conductor Sir John Eliot Gardiner. Its repertoire comprises music from the early Baroque period to the Classical period.
English Bay (Vancouver) English Bay is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, west of the downtown peninsula, which separates the bay from Burrard Inlet connecting to the northeast, and False Creek to the southeast. English Bay Beach, near the city's West End residential neighbourhood, is the most popular sunbathing, swimming, and sunset-watching beach in the downtown Vancouver area.
English Benedictine Congregation The English Benedictine Congregation (abbr. EBC) comprises autonomous Roman Catholic Benedictine communities of monks and nuns and is technically the oldest of the 21 congregations that are affiliated in the Benedictine Confederation.
English Bowling Association With its headquarters in Lyndhurst Road, Worthing, next to Beach House Park, the English Bowling Association governs the game of flat green outdoor bowls for men in England. There are thirty-five affiliated counties, to which a total of 2,700 clubs are in membership nationwide.
English Boy "English Boy" is the first song on Pete Townshend's 1993 album Psychoderelict. This song is used to introduce the character Ray High, as well as journalist Ruth Streeting, host of Street On The Street.
English Breakfast tea English Breakfast tea is a black tea blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, and/or rich, and blended to go well with milk and sugar, in a style traditionally associated with a hearty English breakfast.
English Bridge Union English Bridge Union (EBU) is the governing body for duplicate contract bridge throughout England. It organises competitions, teaching (through EBUTA), technical director training, master points and, importantly, laws and ethics.
English cadence (music) In conventional Western music theory, the English cadence is a musical device consisting of a distinctive form of approach to the authentic or perfect cadence. It was used primarily by the English composers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
English collective nouns In linguistics, a collective noun is a word used to define a group of objects, where "objects" can be people, animals, inanimate things, concepts, or other things. For example, in the phrase "a pride of lions", pride is a collective noun.
English conversation club An English conversation club is simply a forum where people, usually students of English, possibly aided by one or more native speakers, gather to converse and in the process refine their language ability. Clubs may exist within institutional structures such as high schools and universities, or may be independently run.
English country house The English country house is generally accepted as a large house or mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also most likely owned another great house in the West End of London. Hence one moved from one's town house to one's country house.
English cricket matches from 1771 to 1800 This article contains a list of English cricket matches from 1771 to 1800, the majority of which have surviving scorecards. It is essentially a list of first-class cricket matches but with some notable additions.
English cricket team in Australia in 1903-04 The English cricket team's tour to Australia in 1903-1904 was the first time the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) took over responsibility for sponsoring and arranging an overseas tour representing England. England had not won the Ashes since the 1896 series in England.
English cricket team in Australia in 2006-07 The English cricket team tour of Australia includes the 2006-07 Ashes series, a number of first-class matches against Australian Domestic teams, participation in the tri-nation One-day International series between Australia, New Zealand and England and a Twenty20 match against Australia on January 9, 2007.
English cricket team in India in 2005-06 The English cricket team toured India during February, March and April 2006. The English cricket team was aspiring to maintain the form that took them to second place in the ICC Test Championship before their disastrous spell against Pakistan, and which helped win the 2005 Ashes series at home to Australia.
English cricket team in Pakistan in 2005-06 The English cricket team toured Pakistan in October, November and December 2005. England were looking to maintain the form that had taken them to second place in the ICC Test Championship, and to victory in the 2005 Ashes series at home to Australia, but they suffered a sharp reversal of fortune, losing the test series 2-0 to Pakistan.
English Canal The English Canal (Swedish: Engelska kanalen) was a planned and partially completed canal project that would connect the Swedish iron ore fields around Kiruna and Gällivare with Luleå and the Gulf of Bothnia.
English Civil War The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. The first (1642 - 1645) and second (1648 - 1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649 - 1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.
English Civil War reenactment English Civil War reenactment refers to the modern reenactment of events during the 17th century English Civil War. Active organizations include The Sealed Knot, The English Civil War Society and The Pike and Musket Society.
English Coast English Coast () is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between the north tip of Rydberg Peninsula and Buttress Nunataks (west side of Palmer Land). This coast was discovered and explored in 1940, on land by Finn Ronne and C.
English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel, although it's closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the Springer Spaniel.
English Collective of Prostitutes The English Collective of Prostitutes is a self-help group founded in 1975 that campaigns for the abolition of prostitution laws that they believe criminalise prostitutes and their families. They aim to support sex workers and uphold their human, civil, political, legal and economic rights.
English Committee of Safety The Committee of Safety, established by the Parliamentarians in July 1642, was the first of a number of successive committees set up to oversee the English Civil War against King Charles. It was made up of fifteen Members of Parliament.
English Core Cities Group The English Core Cities Group is an association of eight large regional cities in England: Birmingham (region of West Midlands), Bristol (South West England), Leeds (Yorkshire and the Humber), Liverpool, Manchester (both North West England), Newcastle upon Tyne (North East England), Nottingham (East Midlands) and Sheffield (also Yorkshire and the Humber). These are generally considered to be the eight leading cities in England outside London, which is by far England's largest city.
English drama Drama was introduced to England from Europe by the Romans, and auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose. By the medieval period, the mummers' plays had developed, a form of early street theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as Saint George and the Dragon and Robin Hood.
English Delftware English Delftware is tin-glazed pottery made in London, Bristol, Liverpool and Wincanton from about 1550 to the end of the 18th century. A variety of wares was made, including jugs, bowls , bottles, jars, vases, teapots, candlesticks and large decorative dishes.
English District (LCMS) The English District is one of the 35 districts of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LCMS). It is one of the Synod's two non-geographical districts, along with the SELC District, and has its origins in the congregations of the former English Evangelical Lutheran Synod, which merged with the LCMS in 1911.
English Education Act 1835 English Education Act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in 1835. By the 1835 English Education act, the teaching of English was taken out of native language schools – because learning English as a language, while retaining the native medium of education would allow the natives to understand the British on their own (native) terms.
English Electric 6SRKT English Electric 6SRKT was a 6-cylinder diesel railway locomotive engine manufactured in the 1950s by the English Electric company of the United Kingdom. Their cylinder bore was 10", and their stroke, 12", and they were available in versions of 660hp upward to around 850hp.
English Electric Canberra The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s. The type remained in service with the Royal Air Force until 23 June 2006, 57 years after its first flight.
English Electric Lightning The English Electric Lightning (later the BAC Lightning) was a supersonic British fighter aircraft of the Cold War era, particularly remembered for its great speed and natural metal exterior. The Lightning was used throughout much of its service life by the Royal Air Force and the Royal Saudi Air Force.
English English English English is a term that has been applied to the English language as spoken in England. In English-speaking countries outside the UK, the term "British English" is more frequently used for this variety of English; however, Peter Trudgill in Language in the British Isles introduced the term English English (EngEng), and this term is now generally recognised in academic writing in competition with Anglo-English and English in England.
English folklore English folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in England over a number of centuries. Some stories can be traced back to their roots, even predating the Roman invasion of Britain, while the origin of others is uncertain or disputed.
English football champions The English football champions are the winners of the highest league in English football, which is currently the FA Premier League. Teams in bold are those who won the double of League Championship and FA Cup in that season.
English football league system The English football league system, otherwise known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in England (although for historical reasons a small number of Welsh clubs also compete). The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, and allows even the smallest club to dream of rising to the very top of the system.
English for Academic Purposes English for Academic Purposes (EAP) entails training students, usually in a Higher Education setting, to use language appropriately for study. It therefore is a challenging and multi-faceted area within the wider field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).
English for Children (Arizona Proposition 203, 2000) Arizona Proposition 203, English for children, is an initiative passed by 63% of Arizona voters on November 7,2000. This piece of legislation the types of instruction available to English Language Learner (ELL) students.
English Film Directors This is a list of English motion picture and television directors who were born in England, or lived and/or worked in England during a significant part of their career. Irish, Scottish, American, and European Directors who have worked for large portions of their career in England are included on this list.
English Folk Song Suite Written in 1923, the English Folk Song Suite is one of English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams's most famous works for military band. The piece has also been arranged for full orchestra and brass band by Vaughan Williams's student Gordon Jacob.
English garden The term English garden or English park (, , ) is used in Continental Europe to refer to a type of garden with its origins on the English landscape gardens of the 18th century. The name differentiates it from the formal baroque design of the French formal garden.
English grammar English grammar is a body of rules specifying how meanings are created in English. There are many accounts of the grammar, which tend to fall into two groups: the descriptivist, which describe the patterns through which meanings are typically created in functional speech and writing; and the prescriptivist, which set out pre-existing rules as to how meanings are created (see prescription and description).
English Golf Union The English Golf Union is the governing body for men's and boys' amateur golf in England. It represents over 1,900 golf clubs with over 740,000 members and is affiliated to the R&A, which is the global governing body of golf outside the United States and Mexico.
English Gymnosophical Society English Gymnosophical Society was a society of like minded persons established some time during the early 1920's to discuss naturism. A few years later it renamed itself the "New Gymnosophy Society" and began holding organised meetings at The Camp in Wickford, Essex in 1924 thus forming the first actual naturist club in the United Kingdom.
English hip hop English hip hop is a genre of music, and a culture that covers a variety of styles of rap music made in England. English hip hop was originally influenced by the hip hop scene in New York City, at first being very much in awe of the American innovators, with English rappers often adopting American accents in the early years, before gaining the confidence to develop their own styles.
English historians in the Middle Ages English historians in the Middle Ages is an overview of the history of English historians and their works in the Middle Ages. These historians helped lay the groundwork for modern historical methodology, provided vital accounts of the early history of England, Wales and Normandy, its cultures, and revelations about the historians themselves.
English historical school of economics The English historical school of economics, although not nearly as famous as its German counterpart, sought a return of inductive methods in economics, following the triumph of the deductive approach of David Ricardo in the early 19th century.Spiegel, 1991 The school considered itself the intellectual heirs of past figures who had emphasized induction, such as Francis Bacon, and Adam Smith.
English Harbour English Harbour is a settlement on the island of Antigua, in the extreme south of the island. It takes its name from the nearby harbour in which the Royal Navy established its base of operations for the area during the eighteenth century.
English Hymnal The English Hymnal was published in 1906 for the Church of England under the editorship of Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams. The preface to the hymnal began with the statement, "A collection of the best hymns in the English language.
English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche (IPA: ), "the sleeve") is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 563 km (350 mi) long and at its widest is 240 km (150 mi).
English Channel naval campaign, 1338-1339 The English Channel naval campaign of the years 1338 and 1339 saw a protracted series of raids conducted by the nascent French navy and numerous privately owned raiders and pirates against English towns, shipping and islands in the English Channel which caused widespread panic, damage and financial loss to the region and prompted a serious readjustment of English finances during the early stages of the Hundred Years War. This period was then followed by a French disaster caused by over-confidence and a reversing of roles which had a major effect in the English successes of the next two decades.
English inventions and discoveries English inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to a person born in England; in some cases, their Englishness is determined by the fact that they were brought into existence in England , by non-English people working in the country. Often, things which are discovered for the first time, are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.
English Institute of Sport English Insitute of Sport (EIS) is a nationwide network of support services, aimed at improving the standard of English athletes. Services include sports medicine, physiotherapy, sports massage, applied physiology, strength and conditioning, nutrition, psychology and Performance Lifestyle support.
English Interregnum The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War. It began with the regicide of Charles I in 1649 and ended with the restoration of Charles II in 1660.
English Job Maze The English Job Maze is an online community for ESL (English as a Second Language) schools and teachers, offering ways to find teaching positions all over the world. The site includes a section called "Countries @ a Glance," where prospective teachers can find information about countries and potential employers.
English knitting English knitting, also known as right-hand knitting or throwing, is a style of Western knitting where the yarn about to be knit into the fabric is carried in the right hand. This style is prevalent throughout the English-speaking world, though it is by no means universal.
English language idioms derived from baseball Paul Dickson says in his introduction to The New Dickson Baseball Dictionary, "The influence of baseball on American English at large is stunning and strong." No other sport has contributed so richly to American English as baseball.
English language learning and teaching ESL (English as a second language), ESOL (English for speakers of other languages) and EFL (English as a foreign language) all refer to the use or study of English by speakers of other languages. The precise usage, including the different use of the terms ESL and ESOL in different countries, is described below.
English law English law is a formal "term of art" that describes the law for the time being in force in England and Wales. Although devolution has accorded some degree of political autonomy to Wales in the National Assembly for Wales, it does not currently have sovereign law-making powers until after the 2007 Welsh general election when the Government of Wales Act 2006 grants powers to the Welsh Assembly Government to produce some primary legislation; the legal system administered through both civil and criminal courts will remain unified.
English literature The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S.
English longbow The English longbow, also called the Welsh longbow, was a powerful type of medieval longbow (a tall bow for archery) about 2.0 m (6 ft 6 in) long used by the English and Welsh, both for hunting and as a weapon of war.
English Language Liturgical Consultation The English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC) is a group of national associations of ecumenical liturgists in the English-speaking world. Their work has been concerned with developing and promoting common liturgical texts in English and sharing a common lectionary wherever possible.
English League North The English League North was the top-flight ice hockey league in northern England from 1978, when it alongside the English League South it replaced the Southern League. In 1982, it was replaced by the British Hockey League, running on a national basis.
English modal auxiliary verb In the English language, a modal auxiliary verb is an auxiliary verb (or helping verb) that can modify the grammatical mood (or mode) of a verb. The key way to identify a modal auxiliary is by its defectiveness; the modal auxiliaries do not have participles or infinitives.
English moustache The English moustache is a moustache style that is narrow, beginning at the middle of the upper lip the whiskers are very long and pulled to the side, slightly curled; the ends are pointed slightly upward; areas past the corner of the mouth must be shaved. Artificial styling aids permitted.
English mythology English mythology, like the conglomerate society which it represents, with a long and elaborate history of invasion and settlement by diverse cultures, is one which has nevertheless an entirely idiosyncratic nature of its own.
English Madrigal School The English Madrigal School was the brief but intense flowering of the musical madrigal in England, mostly from 1588 to 1627, along with the composers who produced them. The English madrigals were a cappella, predominantly light in style, and generally began as either copies or direct translations of Italian models.
English Missal The English Missal is a prayer book published first by W.Knott & son Limited in 1933 as a compilation of those prayers and rubrics which had come to be used by Anglo-Catholic churches in conjunction with the Book of Common Prayer and which derived largely from the Roman Catholic Church.
English Montreal School Board English Montreal School Board (EMSB or in French, CSEM, Commission scolaire English-Montréal) is the largest English-language school board in the province of Quebec. The EMSB is responsible for anglophone public schools in the centre and eastern sectors of Montreal Island.
English national cricket captains This is a list of all English national cricket captains, comprising all of the men, boys and women who have captained an English national cricket team at official international level. England played in the first Test match in 1877 and have played more Test matches, and had more captains, than any other team.
English nationalism English nationalism is the name given to a nationalist political movement in England that demands self-government for England, via a devolved English Parliament. Some English nationalists go further, and seek the re-establishment of an independent sovereign state of England, via the dissolution of the United Kingdom.
English National Opera English National Opera (ENO), located at the Coliseum Theatre in St. Martin's Lane is the national opera company of England, and one of two opera companies in London, along with the Royal Opera at Covent Garden.
English Nature English Nature was the United Kingdom government agency that promoted the conservation of wildlife, geology and wild places throughout England between 1990 and 2006. It was a non-departmental public body funded by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and gave statutory advice, grants and licences.
English on the Internet The predominance of English on the Internet—English language content and English language users—has fueled the rise of the Internet as a means of communication, information dissemination and entertainment. This article details statistics of Internet linguistic patterns and their impact.
English opera English opera is the art and genre of opera in England. The genre consists of operas composed by English composers, as well as those by composers of English origin whose works were written and staged outside of England.

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