Encyclopedia

Four happiness boys The image of the "Four Happiness Boys" is believed to have began sometime during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) by a child prodigy by the name of Jie Jin. By the age of five, this remarkable child had studied and mastered the ancient chinese ‘Four Books’ and the ‘Five Classics' and soon made his way into formal studies alongside other renowned Chinese scholars of the period.
Four humours In traditional medicine practiced in Greco-Roman civilization and in Europe during the Middle Ages (at least until the Renaissance), humorism, or humoralism, dictated that the four humors were special fluids associated with the four basic elements of nature, that were thought to permeate the body and influence its health. An imbalance in the distribution of these fluids was thought to affect each individual's personality.
Four Hammer Dulcimer The four hammer dulcimer, although a fresh innovation premiering in the early 1990's, is by no means a new instrument. The hammered dulcimer, not to be confused with the mountain dulcimer, has been around for millenia.
Four Hills Tournament The Four Hills Tournament (Vierschanzentournee) is composed of four Ski Jumping World Cup events and has taken place in Germany and Austria each year since 1952. The tournament is third only to the World Cup and the Winter Olympics as the most sought after title on the ski jumping world circuit.
Four Hitokiri of the Bakumatsu The Four Hitokiri of the Bakumatsu (幕末四大人斬り) was a term given to four samurai during the Bakumatsu era in Japanese history. They were against the Tokugawa shogunate (and later, in support of the Meiji Emperor.
Four Holes Swamp Four Holes Swamp is a small blackwater river that is a tributary to the Edisto River in South Carolina. The swamp rises in Calhoun County and flows 62 miles to the confluence, in an unusual braided pattern; it has no well-defined channel, but multiple channels that start and disappear, yet maintain a flow.
Four Holy Cities The Four Holy Cities is the collective term in Jewish tradition applied to the cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Tiberias, and Safed. Jerusalem is considered holy as the site of the Solomonic Temples, while Hebron is the burial place of the Jewish patriarchs.
Four Horsemen (college football) The Four Horsemen was a term first used by Grantland Rice to describe the backfield of Notre Dame's football team in 1924. The four players were quarterback Harry Stuhldreher, left halfback Jim Crowley, right halfback Don Miller and fullback Elmer Layden.
Four Horsemen (professional wrestling) The Four Horsemen (also spelled IV Horsemen) were a popular professional wrestling stable in the National Wrestling Alliance and later World Championship Wrestling. The original group featured Ric Flair, Arn and Ole Anderson, and Tully Blanchard.
Four Horsemen (Supreme Court) The "Four Horsemen" was the nickname given to four conservative members during the 1932-1937 terms of the United States Supreme Court who opposed the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Roosevelt. They were Justices James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, Willis Van Devanter, and Pierce Butler.
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a 1962 movie based on a novel by Vincente Blasco Ibáñez, directed by Vincente Minnelli, and starring Glenn Ford, Ingrid Thulin, Charles Boyer, Lee J. Cobb, Paul Lukas, Yvette Mimieux, Karlheinz Böhm, and Paul Henreid.
Four Chaplains The Four Chaplains were four Army chaplains who gave their lives when the USAT Dorchester was hit by a torpedo and sank on February 3, 1943. They helped other soldiers board lifeboats and gave up their life jackets when the supply ran out.
Four Inns Walk The Four Inns Walk is a hiking event held annually (usually at Easter) over the high moorlands of the Northern Peak District. It takes place mainly in Derbyshire (with short diversions into the neighbouring counties of Yorkshire and Cheshire), in northern England, at the beginning and the end respectively.
Four Kings Four Kings was a sitcom introduced as a part of NBC's Winter 2006 programming but cancelled before the end of the season. It aired at 8:30pm on Thursdays, following Will & Grace and preceding My Name Is Earl and The Office.
Four Last Songs The Four Last Songs (German: Vier letzte Lieder) for soprano and orchestra were the final works of Richard Strauss, composed in 1948 when the composer was 84. The premiere was given in London on 22 May 1950, featuring soprano Kirsten Flagstad accompanied by the Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler.
Four Leaf Clover (song) "Four Leaf Clover" is a song by English Post Trip-Hop band Second Person, which will be on the band's forthcoming album: "Come to Dust" - the follow-up to their debut album "Chromatography". Due for release in 2007 this song has a music video currently in production by Mina Song (best known for her work on the original Gnarles Barkley video for "Crazy").
Four Letter Fury Four Letter Fury were a London based punk rock band who also blended influences of blues, classic rock, reggae, and heavy metal into their sound. They formed in 2001 and split after one final show, in aid of charity, in January 2005.
Four methods Four methods is one of teaching methodology and it developed 1970s and 1980s. It designed to lower the students’ affective filter because if students are relaxed and feeling positive then their acquisition of new language is more effective.
Four minute warning The four minute warning was conceived by the British Government during the Cold War. It was the approximate time in which an air attack against the United Kingdom could be confirmed and the population notified by means of air raid sirens, television and radio.
Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu is a collection of four major dramas by the famous Japanese playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon. The four plays were first translated by Donald Keene in 1961, and have appeared in various collections and books over the years; Four Major Plays contains a Preface, an Introduction, and two appendices in addition, and is published by Columbia University Press.
Four Marks Four Marks is a village in Hampshire, UK, built along the A31 road about four miles south-west of Alton, Hampshire. It was originally settled in by veterans of the Crimean War, who were allocated plots for their smallholdings, and was the site of a telegraph.
Four Masho (Dark Warlords) The Four Masho (Dark Warlords) are fictional characters who are the main villains in the TV anime/manga series of Yoroiden-Samurai Troopers (鎧伝サムライトルーパー) (Ronin Warriors). They are known respectively as the Oni Masho 鬼魔将(Ogre Demon General) Shutendouji 朱天童子(or Shuten for short), Yami Masho (Darkness Demon General) Anubis 悪奴弥守, Doku Masho 毒魔将 (Poison Demon General) Naaza 那唖挫, and Gen Masho (Illusion/Phantom Demon General) Rajura 螺呪羅.
Four Men and a Dog Four Men and a Dog is an Irish traditional band that emerged in 1990 during the Belfast Folk Festival. The band plays Irish traditional music with a mixture of different other genres, including rock, jazz, blues, bluegrass, swing, salsa, polka and even rap.
Four Mile Run Four Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that proceeds from Fairfax County southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail.
Four Million Smiles Four Million Smiles was the theme of an advertising campaign in Singapore by the Singapore 2006 Organising Committee, sponsored by the government of Singapore. The advertising campaign encouraged Singaporeans to smile more in preparation of the 61st Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund, World Bank Group and their 16,000 delegates.
Four Mohawk Kings The Four Mohawk Kings or Four Kings of the New World were the three Mohawk and one Mahican Chiefs of the Iroquoian Confederacy. The three Mohawk were: Sa Ga Yeath Qua Pieth Tow of the Bear Clan, called King of Maguas, with the Christian name Peter Brant, grandfather of Joseph Brant; Ho Nee Yeath Taw No Row of the Wolf Clan, called King of Canojaharie, or John of Canojaharie ("Great Boiling Pot"); and Tee Yee Ho Ga Row, meaning "Double Life", of the Wolf Clan, called King Hendrick, with the Christian name Hendrick Peters.
Four More Raga Moods Four More Raga Moods is an album by Ashtray Navigations, released in 2006 on the Ikuisuus label. The album features guest appearances from Alex Neilson, Ben Reynolds, Mel Delaney, Chris Hladowski, Matt Cairns, Andy Jarvis and Pete Nolan (of Magik Markers).
Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Cattāri ariyasaccāni, Chinese: Sìshèngdì) are one of the most fundamental Buddhist teachings, they appear many times throughout the most ancient Buddhist texts, the Pali Canon. They are among the truths Gautama Buddha realised during his enlightenment experience.
Four Noes and One Without The Four Noes and One Without (), also known as the Five Noes (五不) is a pledge by President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian made in his inauguration speech on 20 May 2000 concerning the political status of Taiwan. It has been an important part of cross-straits relations.
Four of the Apocalypse Four of the Apocalypse ( aka I Quattro dell'apocalisse) is a (1975) spaghetti western starring Fabio Testi and directed by horror film maestro Lucio Fulci. It is based on two stories by western writer Bret Harte: "The Luck of Roaring Camp" and "The Outcasts of Poker Flats".
Four on the Floor Four on the Floor was a sketch comedy series which aired on CBC Television in 1985. Consisting of only 13 episodes, the series was a showcase for The Frantics, a comedy troupe consisting of Paul Chato, Rick Green, Dan Redican and Peter Wildman.
Four Olds The Four Olds or the Four Old Things () were Old Custom, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas(Spence 1999, 575). One of the stated goals of the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China was to bring an end to the Four Olds.
Four panel manga Four panel manga is a style of Japanese manga (or comic) which consists of (as the name suggests) exactly four panels. They are similar to American newspaper comics in that they are not serious and rarely have a running plot.
Four pillars of destiny The four pillars of destiny 四柱命理學 (also known as Zi Ping ba zi, 子平八字, or the eight characters of Zi Ping) is a type of Chinese astrology and also plays an important role in feng shui. As traditionally practiced in ancient times, it was a way to divine a person's future, but in modern times it has evolved into a more subtle approach to analyzing one's life destiny may be mapped and analysed.
Four Peaks Four Peaks, at 7657 feet (2335 meters) in altitude, is a prominent landmark on the eastern skyline of Phoenix, part of the Mazatzal Mountains. It is located in the Tonto National Forest 40 miles east-northeast of Phoenix, in the 60,740 acre Four Peaks Wilderness.
Four Pillars of Alexander Hamilton The Four Pillars refers to a financial plan written by a previous secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton. It was proposed in the early 1790's by Hamilton to combat the growing debt of the newly formed United States of America.
Four Points by Sheraton Four Points by Sheraton is Starwood's mid-market hotel brand, targeted towards business travelers and small conventions. Four Points was created by the former ITT Sheraton before Starwood acquired the firm in 1998.
Four Power Agreement on Berlin The Four Power Agreement on BerlinThe Four Power Agreement on Berlin is also known as the Berlin Agreement and the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was signed on 3 September, 1971 by the foreign ministers of the four powers, United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, France, and the United States. It came into effect in June 1972.
Four Queens The Four Queens Hotel and Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas on the Fremont Street Experience. Home to the Queen's Machine, the world's largest slot machine, the 690 room hotel and 40,000 square foot casino is owned and operated by TLC Enterprises, which acquired the property from the Elsinore Corporation in 2003.
Four sons of Horus The Four sons of Horus were a group of four gods in Egyptian religion, who were essentially the personifications of the four canopic jars, which accompanied mummified bodies. Since the heart was thought to embody the soul, it was left inside the body, and the brain was thought only to be the origin of mucus, so it was reduced to liquid, syphoned off, and discarded.
Four stages of enlightenment The four stages of enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life. The four stages are Sotapanna, Sakadagami, Anagami and Arahant.
Four Seasons (solitaire) Four Seasons is a solitaire card game which is played with a deck of playing cards. It is given the more appropriate alternate names of Corner Card and Vanishing Cross because of where the foundations are placed and the arrangement of the tableau respectively.
Four Seasons Day Four Seasons Day is the 6th episode in season 1 in the Barney and Friends television show which airs on PBS. The episode features Bob West as the voice of Barney, West was featured on the show from 1992 - 2001.
Four Seasons of Morita Village Four Seasons of Morita Village is the fifth album recorded by the Toshiko Akiyoshi Jazz Orchestra featuring Lew Tabackin. It was released in 1996 and won the Swing Journal (magazine, Japan) Silver Disk Award for that year.
Four Shadow Four Shadow, the famous a cappella group based in Minneapolis, performs across the nation with their family-friendly show. They have made appearances on NBC's Today show, and have shared the stage with Huey Lewis, the Persuasions.
Four Shores Four Shores (released March 2006) is the latest album from the Latvian band Brainstorm. It is the fourth band's album in English and follows the Latvian version of this album ÄŚetri krasti, which was released in May of 2005.
Four Square (TV Series) 4 Square is an interactive show that allows preschoolers to explore four separate art forms: song, rhythm, poetry and dance. Children sing along with the Do-Whahs in the song segment; clapping, patting and stamping with the Beat Team in the rhythm segment; reciting the poems of Toronto poet laureate, Dennis Lee (author), in the poetry segment; and dancing along with the dance troupe, Corpus, in the movement segment.
Four Star Television Four Star Television, also called Four Star Films, Four Star Productions, and Four Star International, was an American television production company which operated from 1952 to 1989. It was formed by prominent Hollywood actors Dick Powell, David Niven, Ida Lupino, and Charles Boyer.
Four Sticks "Four Sticks" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their fourth album, released in 1971. The title came from the fact that drummer John Bonham played with two sets of two drumsticks, totalling four.
Four to the floor Four to the floor or four-on-the-floor is a nickname given to a type of dance music characterized by a rhythmic pattern where the kick drum falls on each beat in 4/4 time. Popularized in the 1960s and in the disco music of the 1970s.
Four Times of the Day Four Times of the Day is a series of four printed engravings published by William Hogarth in 1738. They are humourous depictions of life in the streets of London, the vagaries of fashion and the interactions between the rich and poor of the capital.
Four Town Fair The Four Town Fair is an agricultural exhibition held each September in Somers, Connecticut, United States that was established in 1838. It features numerous competitions and displays related to farming and agriculture, as well as many events purely for fun, such as a frog jumping contest.
Four Treasures of the Study Four Treasures of the Study (Traditional Chinese: 文房四寶 wén fáng sì bǎo, Japanese 文房四宝 Bunbo shiho) is an expression used to refer to the ink brush, inkstick, paper and inkstone used in Asian calligraphy.
Four unities The four unities is a concept in the common law of real property describing conditions that must exist in order for certain kinds of property interests to be created. Specifically, in order for two or more people to own property as joint tenants with right of survivorship, or for a married couple to own property as tenants by the entirety, they must have the following unities:
Four valued logic Four valued logic is used to model signal values in digital circuits: the four values are Z, X and the boolean values 1 and 0. Z stands for high impedance or open circuit, while X stands for "unknown".
Four Valleys (Bahá'í) The Four Valleys ( Chahár Vádí) is a book written in Persian by Bahá'u'lláh, the Prophet-founder of the Bahá'í Faith. The Seven Valleys ( Haft-Vádí) was also written by Bahá'u'lláh, and the two books are usually published together under the title The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys.
Four Wheel Drive The Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.
Four Winds Press Four Winds Press was the hardcover publishing arm of Scholastic Corporation, and published hardcover versions of many books available in paperback through Scholastic's book clubs. These included many children's books.
Four Year Plan The Four Year Plan was a program put forth by the Nazi Party, tinkering with the economic policy of Germany, especially in the area of synthetic production. The Four Year Plan also included public works projects, headed by Fritz Todt, called for increased automobile production, initiated numerous building and architectural projects and provided for further development of the Autobahn system.
Four Yorkshiremen sketch The "Four Yorkshiremen" sketch is a take on nostalgic conversations about humble beginnings or difficult childhoods. Four Yorkshiremen reminisce about their upbringing, and as the conversation progresses, they try to one-up each other, their accounts of deprived childhoods becoming increasingly outrageous and absurd.
Four-color deck A four-color deck is identical to the standard Anglo-American playing cards except for the color of the suits. In a typical four-color deck, hearts are red and spades are black as usual, but clubs are green and diamonds are blue.
Four-eyed fish The four-eyed fishes are a genus, Anableps, of fishes in the family Anablepidae. They have eyes raised above the top of the head and divided in two different parts, so that they can see below and above the water surface at the same time.
Four-horned Antelope The Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) also known as the chousingha is an antelope found in open forest in South Asia. Its primary distribution is in India extending South of the Gangetic plains down till the state of Tamilnadu.
Four-character idiom Four-character idioms, or chéngyǔ (, literally "to become (part of) the language") are a set of traditional idiomatic expressions, each of which consists of four Chinese characters. Chengyu were widely used in Classical Chinese and are still common in Vernacular Chinese writing and Spoken Chinese today.
Four-in-hand (carriage) A four-in-hand is a carriage drawn by four horses that has the reins rigged in such a way that it could be driven by a single driver. Before the four-in-hand rigging was developed, two drivers were needed to handle four horses.
Four-letter word The phrase four-letter word refers to a set of English words written with four letters which are considered profane, including common popular or slang terms for excretory functions, sexual activity, and genitalia. The "four-letter" claim refers to the fact that most English swear words are monosyllabic, and therefore are likely to have 4 letters on average.
Four-momentum In special relativity, four-momentum is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional space-time. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in space-time.
Four-Power Authorities Following the defeat of Nazi Germany and then the partition of German territory, two Four-Power Authorities, in which all 4 of the conquering forces (The United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union) managed equally, were created.
Four-Power Treaty The was a treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference on 13 December 1921. It was partly a follow-on to the Lansing-Ishii Treaty, signed between the US and Japan.
Four-stroke cycle The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, electrical generators, etc). The Thermodynamics cycles used in internal combustion reciprocating engines are the Otto Cycle (the ideal cycle for spark-ignition engines) and the Diesel Cycle (the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines).
Four-stroke cycle engine valves Four-stroke engines, of either spark ignition or compression ignition varieties, use poppet valves to allow air (or an air/fuel mixture) into the cylinder and exhaust gases out. Very early engines used alternative valve types such as slide valves, but these proved less satisfactory, especially for high-speed engines.
Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China The Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China or the Theory of the Four Stages of the Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國四階段論; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Sì Jiēduàn Lùn) is proposed by Chen Shui-bian, the current (10th and 11th terms) president of the Republic of China. It is a controversial viewpoint regarding the political status of the Republic of China, which retreated to Taiwan after the Communist Revolution in 1949.
Four-Step Impact Assessment The Four-Step Impact Assessment is an academic framework initiated and published by the late Jonathan Mann and colleagues at the Francouis-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at the Harvard School of Public Health. The assessment takes into account the negotiation of objectives between human rights and public health.
Four-terminal sensing Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing) is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than traditional two-terminal (2T) sensing. 4T sensing are used in some ohmmeters and impedance analyzers.
Four-thousand footers In mountaineering, the four-thousand footers (or "4ks") refers to a group of mountains of interest in the sport of "peak-bagging". Each peak is at least four thousand feet above sea level, and also meets a more technical criterion of topographic prominence.
Four-toed salamander The Four-toed salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) is native to North America. It is a member of the Plethodontidae family of salamanders, which is characterized by their absence of lungs; they instead achieve respiration through their skin and the tissues lining their mouth.
Four-vertex theorem The Four-vertex theorem states that the curvature function of a simple, closed plane curve is either constant or has at least four local extrema (specifically, at least two local maxima and at least two local minima). The name of the theorem derives from the convention of calling an extreme point of the curvature function a vertex.
Four-wheel drive Four-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 ("four by four"), all-wheel drive, and AWD are terms used to describe a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously. In the United States, these cars are included in the broader sport utility vehicle category.
Four-wire circuit In telecommunication, a four-wire circuit is a two-way circuit using two paths so arranged that the respective signals are transmitted in one direction only by one path and in the other direction by the other path.
Fourah Bay College Fourah Bay College (founded in 1827 as the first western-style university in West Africa) is a university in Fourah Bay, Freetown, Sierra Leone under the banner of the University of Sierra Leone (from 1966 to 2005) and formerly affiliated with Durham University (from 1876 - 1967).
FourCC A FOURCC (literally, four character code) is a sequence of four bytes used to uniquely identify data formats. Originally used in the Amiga IFF file format, the idea was reused to identify data types in Apple Computer's AIFF format and Microsoft's RIFF format, and later in QuickTime and DirectShow.
Fourdrinier machine The Fourdrinier machine is the basis for most modern papermaking, and it has been used in some variation since its conception. The Fourdrinier accomplishes all the steps needed to transform a source of wood pulp into a final paper product.
Fourche La Fave River The Fourche La Fave River (foorsh lah FAHV) is a tributary of the Arkansas River, approximately 140 mi (225 km) long, in western Arkansas in the United States. It drains part of the northern Ouachita Mountains west of Little Rock.
Fourier analysis Fourier analysis, named after Joseph Fourier's introduction of the Fourier series, is the decomposition of a function in terms of a sum of sinusoidal basis functions (vs. their frequencies) that can be recombined to obtain the original function.
Fourier number The Fourier number (Fo) (also known as the Fourier modulus) in physics and engineering is a dimensionless number that characterizes heat conduction. Conceptually, it is the ratio of the heat conduction rate to the rate of thermal energy storage.
Fourier profilometry Fourier profilometry is a method for measuring profiles using distortions in periodic patterns. The method uses Fourier analysis (a 2-dimensional Fast Fourier transform) to determine localized slopes on a curving surface.
Fourier series The Fourier series is a mathematical tool used for analyzing periodic functions by decomposing such a function into a weighted sum of much simpler sinusoidal component functions sometimes referred to as normal Fourier modes, or simply modes for short. The weights, or coefficients, of the modes, are a one-to-one mapping of the original function.
Fourier theorem In mathematics, the Fourier theorem is a theorem stating that a periodic function f(x), which is reasonably continuous, may be expressed as the sum of a series of sine and cosine terms (called the Fourier series), each of which has specific amplitude and phase coefficients known as Fourier coefficients. The theorem was developed by the French mathematician J.
Fourier transform In mathematics, the Fourier transform is a certain linear operator that maps functions to other functions. Loosely speaking, the Fourier transform decomposes a function into a continuous spectrum of its frequency components, and the inverse transform synthesizes a function from its spectrum of frequency components.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, also known as Fourier transform mass spectrometry, is a type of mass analyzer (or mass spectrometer) for determining the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions based on the cyclotron frequency of the ions in a fixed magnetic field. The ions are trapped in a Penning trap (a magnetic field with electric trapping plates) where they are excited to a larger cyclotron radius by an oscillating electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Fourier transform spectroscopy Fourier transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the temporal coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain measurements of the electromagnetic radiation or other type of radiation.
Fouriesburg Fouriesburg is a small town situated near the Maluti Mountains, Free State Province, South Africa just 9km from Lesotho. The land was given by Rooi Stoffel Fourie to be used as a temporary seat of the Free State government during the Boer War.
Fournoi Korseon Fourni Korseon (Greek: Φούρνοι Κορσέων) more commonly Fourni, are a complex of small Greek islands that lie between Icaria, Samos and Patmos. The two largest islands of the complex, the main isle and the isle of Thymaina are inhabited.
Fourrée A fourrée is a coin, most often a counterfeit, that is made from a base metal core that has been plated with a precious metal to look like its solid metal counter part. The term is normally applied to ancient silver plated coins such as the Roman denarius and Greek drachma, but the term is also applied to other plated coins.
Fourspot butterflyfish The fourspot butterflyfish, Chaetodon quadrimaculatus, is a butterflyfish of the family Chaetodontidae found in the Pacific Ocean from the Ryukyus, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands and Taiwan to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Pitcairn islands, south to the Samoan and Austral Islands and the Marianas and Marshall Islands in Micronesia, at depths down to 15 m. Its length is up to 16 cm.
Fourstardave Handicap The Fourstardave Handicap is a race for thoroughbred horses run at Saratoga Race Course each year. The Grade II race is open to horses, age three and up, willing to race one and one-sixteenth miles on the turf.
Fourteen Holy Helpers The Fourteen Holy Helpers are a group of saints venerated together in Roman Catholicism because prayer to them was thought to be particularly effective, especially against various diseases. This group of Nothelfer originated in the 14th century at first in the Rhineland, largely as a result of the epidemic (probably of bubonic plague) that became known as the Black Death.
Fourteen Hours Fourteen Hours is a 1951 film about the efforts of a New York police officer (played by Paul Douglas) to stop a despondent man (Richard Basehart) from jumping from a building ledge. The otherwise fictional story was inspired an actual standoff in New York in 1938 between police and a man attempting suicide, which drew crowds of bystanders and media coverage as hours went by.
Fourteen Locks Fourteen Locks is a series of locks on the Crumlin arm of the Monmouthshire Canal at Rogerstone in Newport, South Wales. Widely regarded as Britain's most remarkable staircase lock system the canal level was raised 160 ft (50 m) in just 800 yd (740 m).
Fourteen Mile Creek Fourteen Mile Creek is a creek in Clark County, Indiana, close to Charlestown, Indiana. It is so named because it is fourteen miles away from the Falls of the Ohio; similar to how Twelve Mile Island and Six Mile Island got their names.

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