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French legislative election, 1993 French legislative election took place on March 21 and 28, 1993 to elect the 10th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. Since 1988, President François Mitterrand and his Socialist cabinets had relied on a relative parliamentary majority.
French legislative election, 1997 French legislative election took place in May 25 and June 1, 1997 to elect the 11th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. It was the consequence of President Jacques Chirac's decision to anticipate the legislative election one year before the deadline.
French literature French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak other traditional non-French languages. For literature written in French by citizens of other nations (such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, etc.
French literature of the 17th century French literature of the 17th century spans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the Fronde) and the reign of Louis XIV of France. The literature of this period (the "Grand siècle") is often equated with the Classicism of Louis XIV's long reign during which France was beyond question the leading country in Europe (both politically and culturally) and the classical ideals of order, clarity, sense of proportion, and good taste were expounded.
French literature of the 18th century French literature of the 18th century spans the period from the death of Louis XIV of France, through the RĂ©gence (during the minority of Louis XV) and the reigns of Louis XV of France and Louis XVI of France to the start of the French Revolution.
French literature of the 19th century French literature of the nineteenth century is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French from (roughly) 1799 to 1900. Many of the developments in French literature in this period parallel changes in the visual arts.
French literature of the 20th century French literature of the twentieth century is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French from (roughly) 1895 to 1990. For literature made after 1990, see the article Contemporary French literature. Many of the developments in French literature in this period parallel changes in the visual arts. For more on this, see French art of the 20th century.
French Laundry The French Laundry is a 62-person gourmet restaurant located in Yountville, California, in Napa Valley. The chef and owner of the French Laundry is Thomas Keller, who is also involved in the restaurants of Bouchon, in Napa Valley, and per se, in New York City.
French Liberal School The French Liberal School (also called the "Optimist School" or "Orthodox School") is a 19th century school of economic thought, that was centered around the Collège de France and the Institut de France. The Journal des Économistes was essential in promulgating the ideas of the School.
French Louisiana The term French Louisiana refers to two distinct regions: first, to colonial French Louisiana, comprised of the massive, middle section of North America claimed by France; and, second, to modern French Louisiana, which stretches across the southern extreme of the present-day state of Louisiana.
French materialism French materialism combined the associationist psychology and Empiricism of John Locke with the Totality of Isaac Newton to create a complex world view in diametrical opposition to the Cartesian dualist world view.
French mathematical seminars French mathematical seminars have been an important type of institution combining research and exposition, active since the middle of the twentieth century. The SĂ©minaire Nicolas Bourbaki is the most famous, but is atypical in a number of ways: it attempts to cover, if selectively, the whole of pure mathematics, and its talks are now, by convention, reports and surveys on research by someone not directly involved.
French merchantilism In the 1600s, most nations had already successfully colonized some part of the world. England had a successful hold on North America and various other areas, including India, Spain had a large hold of South America and North America, and the Dutch had successful outposts in India.
French mythology French mythology encompasses the mythology of the Gauls, Franks, Normans, Bretons, and other peoples living in France, those ancient stories about divine or heroic beings that these particular cultures believed to be true and that often use supernatural events or characters to explain the nature of the universe and humanity. French mythology is listed for each culture.
French Mandate of Lebanon The French mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations mandate created at the end of World War I. When the Ottoman Empire was split by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League.
French Mandate of Syria The French Mandate of Syria was a League of Nations Mandate created after the First World War when the Ottoman Empire was split by the Treaty of Versailles. Four mandate territories were created, with the rest of the territory placed under monarchies.
French Military Mission to Japan (1867) The 1867 French Military Mission to Japan was the first Western military mission to Japan. The mission was formed by Napoleon III, following a request of the Japanese Shogunate in the person of its emissary to Europe Shibata Takenaka (1823-1877).
French Military Mission to Poland The French Military Mission to Poland was an effort by France to aid the nascent Second Polish Republic after it achieved its independence in November, 1918, at the end of the First World War. The aim was to provide aid during the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921), and to create a strong Polish military to serve as a useful ally against Germany.
French national identity card The French national identity card (Carte nationale d’identité sécurisée or CNIS) is an official non-compulsory identity document consisting of a laminated plastic card bearing a photograph, name and address.
French nationality law French nationality law is historically based on the principle of jus soli, according to Ernest Renan's definition, opposed to the German's definition of nationality formalized by Fichte. However, elements of jus sanguinis have been included in the French code, especially during the 1992 reform, which forced children born in France of foreign parents to request French nationality at adulthood, instead of being automatically accorded it (no conditions are required to acquire it, but it forces children of foreigners to go through a bureaucratic process, while children of French citizens - whether immigrants or not - cut through all the red tape).
French nobility The nobility () in France in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period had specific legal and financial rights, and prerogatives (the first official list of these prerogatives was established relatively late, under Louis XI of France after 1440), including exemption from paying the taille (except for non-noble lands they might possess in some regions of France), the right to hunt, the right to wear a sword and have a coat of arms, and (in principle) the right to possess a fief or seigneurie. Certain ecclesiatic, civic, and military positions were reserved for nobles.
French National Honor Society The French National Honor Society (French: La Société Honoraire de Français) is an organization whose intent is to recognize high school students in the United States who have maintained excellent grades in at least two years of French language courses; this is done by induction into the organization.
French National League for Liberty in Vaccination The French National League for Liberty in Vaccination is a non-profit French organization formed in 1954. It seeks to bring together those who believe that there are many approaches to good health and that vaccination is not the only route to the prevention of disease.
French National Police The National Police (Police Nationale), formerly the Sûreté Nationale, is one of two national police forces and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. The other main agency is the military Gendarmerie, with primary jurisdiction in smaller towns and rural and border areas.
French Navy The French Navy, officially called the National Navy (French: Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military. It consists of a full range of vessels, from patrol boats to guided missile frigates, and includes one nuclear aircraft carrier and four submarine-launched ballistic missile-capable nuclear submarines (SNLEs).
French Netherlands The French Netherlands (French: "Pays-Bas français", Dutch: "Franse Nederlanden") is a term used for the French region of Nord-Pas de CalaisThe region was historically a part of the Netherlands, with Douai (Dutch]: "Dowaai"). The term is used increasingly used as a replacement of "Nord-Pas de Calais" ([[Literally|Lit.
French New Wave The New Wave (French: la Nouvelle Vague) was a blanket term coined by critics for a group of French filmmakers of the late 1950s and 1960s, influenced (in part) by Italian Neorealism. Although never a formally organized movement, the New Wave filmmakers were linked by their self-conscious rejection of classical cinematic form and their spirit of youthful iconoclasm.
French overture The French overture is a musical form widely used in the Baroque period. It is in three parts: the first is slow, often with double-dotted rhythms (a double-dotted crotchet followed by a semiquaver), the second is quick and fugal, and the third part returns at the end.
French Open (tennis) The French Open, officially the Tournoi de Roland-Garros (English: Roland Garros Tournament), is a tennis event held over two weeks between mid May and early June in Paris, France, and is the second of the Grand Slam tournaments on the annual tennis calendar. It is the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world.
French Open champions (Mixed Doubles) Through 1923, the French Championships were open only to French nationals. The World Hard Court Championships (WHCC), actually played on clay in Paris (every year but 1922) or Brussells (1922), began in 1912 and were open to all nationalities.
French Open champions (Women's Doubles) Through 1923, the French Championships were open only to French nationals. The World Hard Court Championships (WHCC), actually played on clay in Paris (every year but 1922) or Brussells (1922), began in 1912 and were open to all nationalities.
French Orthodox Church On 2 June 1974, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III has received in the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria a native Orthodox Church in France along with their Primate, who in turn was accepted after consecration into the Episcopate, in the Holy Synod of the Church of Alexandria and hence was appointed their Primate His Grace Marcos (Mark), as the first Bishop and His Grace Athanasios as the Chorbishop (Deputy Bishop) of the French Orthodox Eparchy.
French paradox The French paradox refers to the fact that people in France suffer relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, despite their diet being rich in saturated fats. (Renaud, 1992 cited by Ferrieres, p107, 2004) The phenomenon was first noted by Irish physician Samuel Black in 1819.
French passport French passports are issued to nationals of the French Republic for the purpose of international travel. Besides serving as proof of French citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from French consular officials abroad (or other EU-members in case a French consular is absent), if needed.
French personal pronouns The French personal pronouns (analogous to English I, me, you, and so on) reflect the person and number of their referent, and in the case of the third person, its gender as well (much like English's distinction between him and her, except that French draws this distinction among inanimate nouns as well). They also reflect the role they play in their clause: subject, direct object, indirect object, or other.
French petitions against age of consent laws Between 1977 and 1979, while a change in the French Penal Code was under discussion in the Parliament, a number of French intellectuals, including prominent names, signed petitions and open letters defending either the abolition of age of consent laws or the release of individuals arrested under charges of statutory rape.
French philosophy French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in French language, has been extremely diverse, and influential to both the analytic and continental traditions in philosophy for centuries, from René Descartes through Voltaire and Henri Bergson to 20th century Existentialism and Post-structuralism.
French polish French Polishing is a wood finishing technique (and not a substance, as commonly assumed) for wooden furniture that results in a very high gloss, deep colour and tough surface. It consists of applying many thin coats of shellac using a rubbing pad.
French popular music French popular music is a music of France belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. It stands in contrast to French classical music, which historically was the music of elites or the upper strata of society, and traditional French folk music which was shared non-commercially.
French post offices abroad The French post offices abroad were a global network of post offices in foreign countries established by France to provide mail service where the local services were deemed unsafe or unreliable. They were generally set up in cities with some sort of French commercial interest.
French post offices in Crete The French post offices in Crete were among a collection of post offices maintained by foreign countries during the 1900s in Crete, after Crete had broken away from the Ottoman Empire and before it united with Greece, in 1913.
French post offices in Egypt The French post offices in Egypt were a system of post offices maintained by France in Egypt during the early years of the 20th century. They were primarily intended to facilitate commercial and trading interests that needed to communicate between France and points east.
French post offices in China The French post offices in China were among the post offices maintained by foreign powers in China around the beginning of the 20th century. The French government issued special postage stamps for these offices beginning in 1894, initially for all the offices, then overprinted with the name of the city in which the post office was located.
French post offices in the Ottoman Empire The French post offices in the Ottoman Empire were post offices in various cities of the Ottoman Empire run by France between 1812 and 1923. France was one of nine countries that had negotiated "Capitulations" with the Ottomans, various extra-territorial rights in exchange for trade opportunities.
French presidential election, 1958 The French presidential of 1958, the first of the French Fifth Republic, took place on December 21, 1958. This was the only French presidential election by the electoral college (gathering the members of the French parliament, the members of Conseil Général, the members of the overseas assemblies, more than 80,000 mayors, deputy mayors and city council members).
French presidential election, 2002 The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April, 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May, 2002. This presidential contest attracted a greater than usual amount of international attention because of Le Pen's unexpected appearance in the runoff election.
French presidential election, 2007 The 2007 French presidential election will be the ninth such election of the Fifth French Republic. It is assumed that the first round of voting will take place on Sunday, April 22, 2007, with a second round (if necessary, which usually is the case) on Sunday, May 6, 2007.
French press A French press, also known as a press pot, coffee plunger or (in English only) cafetière, is a coffee brewing device popularized by the French. Its operation is simple and it produces a stronger coffee than other devices.
French pronouns French pronouns are inflected to indicate their role in the sentence (subject, direct object, and so on), as well as to reflect the person, gender, and number of their referrents. While English draws some of these distinctions as well, French draws them in many places where English does not; as a result, there are many more pronouns in French than there are in English.
French Parliamentary Commission on Rwanda The French Parliamentary Commission on Rwanda was decided in the beginning of 1998 after a press campaign and articles by journalist Patrick de Saint-Exupéry in the Figaro newspaper. The Belgian Senate did the same in 1997.
French Polynesia French Polynesia (French: Polynésie française, Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is a French territory (French: territoire d'outre-mer, or DOM-TOM) with the particular designation of "overseas country" (French: pays d'outre-mer, or POM) in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island, and the seat of the capital of the territory (Papeete).
French Prealps The French Prealps (Préalpes) are the group of mountain ranges of medium elevation at the periphery of the French Alps, stretching from Lake Geneva south-west to the Drôme River. They lie west of the line Chamonix - Albertville - Grenoble.
French Quarter The French Quarter is the oldest and most famous neighborhood in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. When La Nouvelle Orléans ("New Orleans" in French) was founded in 1718 by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, the city was originally centered around the French Quarter, or the Vieux Carré ("Old Square" in French) as it was known then.
French Quarter (San Francisco) The French Quarter in downtown San Francisco, California is an historic enclave of restaurants, cafes, hotels and institutions centered on Bush Street and in the adjacent alleys of Belden Place and Claude Lane near San Francisco's Chinatown (Chinatown, San Francisco) and Union Square.
French Quarter Mardi Gras costumes The French Quarter neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana is the center of much of the city's Carnival celebrations, especially on Mardi Gras Day. This part of town is crowded with both tourists and locals, with the former more numerous in the Upper Quarter, the latter in the Lower Quarter.
French red plan The French red plan (plan rouge) is a French, emergency plan used if an emergency has a significant number of casualties in a limited area. Its aim is to organize the rescue resources to cope with the concentrated casualties.
French regional elections, 2004 Regional elections were held in France on March 21 and March 28, 2004. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 22 régions, which, though they don't have legislative autonomy, manage sizeable budgets.
French response to Hurricane Katrina France was one of the first nations to offer aid to the United States in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. On the 31 August, French officials expressed their condolences to their American counterparts: President Jacques Chirac wrote a letter to President George W.
French rugby league championship The French rugby league championship (French: Le Championnat de France de Rugby Ă  XIII) has been the major rugby league tournament for semi-professional clubs in France since the sport was introduced to the country in the thirties.
French rule in Algeria French rule in Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European settlers, known as colons or pieds-noirs.
French Renaissance French Renaissance is a recent term used to describe a cultural and artistic movement in France from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in northern Italy in the fourteenth century.
French Renaissance literature French Renaissance literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French (Middle French) from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 to 1600, or roughly the period from the reign of Charles VIII of France to the ascension of Henri IV of France to the throne. The reigns of François I (from 1515 to 1547) and his son Henri II (from 1547 to 1559) are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance.
French Republican Guard The French Republican Guard (French: Garde républicaine) is the ceremonial unit of the Gendarmerie Nationale of France. It consists of two infantry regiments (one includes a motorcycle squadron) and a horse cavalry regiment.
French Resistance The French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements during World War II which fought the German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy regime, and was a vital and some say decisive factor in the defeat of Hitler and the Nazi revolution. Resistance groups included small groups of armed men and women (referred to as the maquis, if they were based at the countryside), publishers of underground newspapers, and escape networks that helped allied soldiers.
French Revolution The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based around Enlightenment ideals of democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, including mass executions and repression during the so-called Reign of Terror, and warfare with every other major European power.
French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy The French Revolution was a period in the history of France covering the years 1789 to 1799, in which republicans overthrew the Bourbon monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church perforce underwent radical restructuring. This article covers the year following the storming of the Bastille, from the abolition of feudalism (August 4, 1789) to National Constituent Assembly's adoption of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July 12, 1790).
French Revolution from the summer of 1790 to the establishment of the Legislative Assembly The French Revolution was a period in the history of France covering the years 1789 to 1799, in which republicans overthrew the Bourbon monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church perforce underwent radical restructuring. This article covers a period of time slightly longer than a year, from July 14, 1790, the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, to the establishment of the Legislative Assembly on October 1, 1791.
French Revolutionary Army The French Revolutionary Army is the term used to refer to the military of France during the period between the fall of the ancien regime under Louis XVI in 1792 and the formation of the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804. These armies were characterised by their revolutionary fervour and their poor equipment.
French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1793 The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1792, with new powers entering the First coalition after the execution of King Louis XVI. Spain and Portugal entered the coalition in January 1793, and on February 1 France declared war on Great Britain and the Netherlands.
French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1796 The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1795, with the French in an increasingly strong position as members of the First Coalition made separate peaces. Austria and Great Britain were the main remaining members of the coalition.
French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1798 1798 was a relatively quiet period in the French Revolutionary Wars. The major continental powers in the First coalition had made peace with France, leaving France dominant in Europe with only a slow naval war with Great Britain to worry about.
French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1799 By 1799, the French Revolutionary Wars had resumed after a period of relative peace in 1798. The Second Coalition had organized against France, with Great Britain allying with Russia, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, and several of the minor German and Italian states.
French Riviera The French Riviera (French: Côte d'Azur, Occitan: Còsta d'Azur) is part of France's southeastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, reaching from Toulon to Menton, at the border with Italy. Cannes is host to the annual presentation of the Palme d'Or, which attracts movie stars from around the world.
French science fiction French science fiction is a substantial genre within French literature. Arguably dating back further than English science fiction, it remains an active and productive genre which has evolved in conjunction with anglophone science fiction and other French and international literature.
French ship Redoutable (1791) Built after plans by engineer Jacques-Noël Sané, the Redoutable was launched as Suffren on May 31, 1791. Her crew took part in the mutiny of the vessels attached to the squadron of Vice-Admiral Morard de Galles.
French ship Sans-Pareil (1757) The Sans-Pareil ("No-such") was a ship of the line project presented to Louis XIV between 1757 and 1760. No actual ship of the French Navy bore the name, though the Royal Louis was built on the scheme.
French school of spirituality The French School of Spirituality was the principle devotional influence within the Catholic Church from the mid 17th Century through the mid 20th Century not only in France but throughout the church in most of the world. A development of the Catholic Reformation like the Spanish mystics and the Society of Jesus, it focused the devotional life of the Catholic faithful on a personal experience of the person of Jesus and the quest for personal holiness.
French spacing The term French spacing most often refers to the typographical practice of adding two spaces (rather than one) after a full stop (period), and sometimes for a colon as well. It also refers to placing a single space before a question or exclamation mark.
French Shore The French Treaty Shore resulted from the 1713 ratification of the Treaty of Utrecht. The provisions of the treaty allowed the French to fish in season along the north coast of Newfoundland between Cape Bonavista and Point Riche.
French Standard Sizes for Oil paintings The French Standard Sizes for Oil Paintings were fixed in the 19th century. Most artists, not only French, used this standard, as it was - and evidently still is - supported by the main suppliers of artist materials.
French Sudan French Sudan (Fr. Soudan) was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.
French Suites (BWV 812–817) French Suites refer to compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. There are seven of Bach's suites originally composed for harpsichord (or a similar keyboard instrument) that received the epithet "French":
French twist A French Twist is a common, simple and elegant "Updo" hair styling technique. It is created by gathering hair in a low ponytail (not secured) and twisting the ponytail upwards until it turns in on itself against the head.
French Terms in Canadian Politics In Canada, the political system is based on the Westminster parliamentarism and has evolved with local traditions. One of the particularity of the Canadian experience of the British constitutional monarchy is the presence of the French language in the terms.
French Third Republic The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. It was a republican parliamentary democracy that was created on 4 September 1870 following the collapse of the Empire of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War.
French Towns and Lands of Art and History Since 1985, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication has supervised the putting into effect of a policy of enlivening and drawing value from the country's heritage. This is done in partnership with the grouping of areas brought together under the title of Villes et Pays d'Art et d'Histoire (Towns and Lands of Art and History).
French Turn The French Turn was the name given to the entry between 1934 and 1936 of the French Trotskyists into the Section Française de l'International Ouvrière (SFIO, the contemporary name of the French Socialist Party). The French Turn was repeated by Trotskyists in other countries during the 1930s.
French Union Established by the French constitution of October 27, 1946, the French Union (French: Union Française) was a political entity created to replace the old French colonial system, the "French Empire" (Empire français). Lasting until 1958, it was replaced by the French Community.
French verbs French verbs are a complex area of French grammar, with a conjugation scheme that allows for three finite moods (with anywhere from one to five synthetic tenses), three non-finite moods, three voices, and two aspects.
French video game policy French video game policy refers to the strategy and set of measures laid out by France since 2002 to maintain and develop a local video game development industry in order to preserve the European market diversity.
French villages destroyed in the First World War During the First World War, specifically at the time of the Battle of Verdun in 1916, nine villages in the French département of Meuse were completely destroyed by the fighting. After the war, it was decided that the land previously occupied by the destroyed villages would not be incorporated into other communes, as a testament to these villages which had “died for France”, as they were declared, and to preserve their memory.
French white plan The French white plan (plan blanc) is, in France, the emergency plan to face a sudden increase of activity in an hospital, such as a massive arrival of casualties due to an accident or a disaster (who may come by their own means to the emergency department or are evacuated by a red plan), an epidemic or a lasting climatic event that becomes deadly for fragile people such as a heatwave.
French wire French wire, also known as bullion or gimp, is a fine coil of silver or gold-filled wire used by jewellers to conceal beading wire next to crimps and clasps. Proponents maintain that French wire gives jewelry an elegant, professionally finished look while also protecting and strengthening the ends of the beadwork.
French women's football championship The Championnat de France de football féminin is a French women's football (soccer) competition that was resurrected in 1974 under the wing of the French Football Federation. Between 1918 and 1932 a similar competition was run by the FSFSF.
French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598, including civil infighting as well as military operations. In addition to the religious elements, they involved a struggle of influence over the ruling of the country between the powerful House of Guise (Lorraine) and the Catholic League, on the one hand, and the House of Bourbon on the other hand.
French West Africa French West Africa () was a federation of eight French territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), CĂ´te d'Ivoire, Niger, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) and Dahomey (now Benin).
French West India Company In the history of French trade, the French West India Company was a chartered company established in 1664. Their charter gave them the property and seignory of Canada, Acadia, the Antilles, Cayenne, and the terra firma of South America, from the Amazon to the Orinoco.
French West Indies The term French West Indies (Antilles françaises) refers to the two French overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique. These Caribbean Départements d’Outre Mer include the Guadeloupean dependencies of French St.
French Wikipedia The French Wikipedia is the French language edition of Wikipedia, spelled Wikipédia. Started in March 2001, this edition has over 400,000 articles as of December 2006 and is the third largest Wikipedia after the English language and German language editions.
French Women Don't Get Fat French Women Don't Get Fat: The Secret of Eating for Pleasure (ISBN 0-09-948132-4) is a book by Mireille Guiliano, which claims to explain why French women eating in the traditional way are less inclined to be obese than Americans. It has been published in 35 languages, sold over one million copies, and was a New York Times #1 bestseller.

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