Encyclopedia

Filemón Lagman Filemon Lagman (March 17, 1953—February 6, 2001), popularly known as Ka Popoy was a revolutionary socialist and workers' leader in the Philippines. He split with the Communist Party of the Philippines in 1991 to form the Partido ng Manggagawa (Labour Party).
FileMaker Dynamic Markup Language The FileMaker Dynamic Markup Language or FDML was a markup language used in the earlier versions of FileMaker introduced in 1998. It is also often referred to as Claris Dynamic Markup Language or CDML, named after the old company Claris.
FileMan FileMan is a set of utilities written by George Timson in the late 1970s and early 1980s, using MUMPS, which provide a meta-data function for MUMPS applications. The FileMan utilities allow the definition of data structures, menus and security, reports, and forms, allowing someone to set up applications without tremendous experience in the MUMPS programming language.
Filename mangling The process of name mangling, in computing, involves a re-writing of the file name for compatibility at the operating system level. It occurs when a filename on a filesystem appears in a form incompatible with the operating system accessing it.
Filene's Basement Filene's Basement, also called The Basement, is a Massachusetts-based chain of American department stores owned by Retail Ventures, Inc.. The oldest off-price retailer in the United States, it focuses on high-end goods and is known for its automatic markdown system.
FileNet FileNet Corporation (), founded in 1982, develops software to help enterprises manage their content and business processes. The Filenet P8 platform, their flagship system, is a framework for developing custom enterprise systems, offering much functionality out of the box and capable of being customized to manage a specific business process.
FilePlanet FilePlanet is a video game download service, similar to Gamespot DLX and FileFront. FilePlanet was launched, and is run by, GameSpy, which is now a subsidiary of IGN, and is one of the most used video game download sites on the internet.
FilePro filePro is a proprietary DBMS and RAD system originally developed by Howard Wolowitz as The Electric File Clerk in 1978. He licensed it to Tandy Corporation in 1979 who first published it in 1980 as Profile II.
FileReplacement FileReplacement is a change control mechanism by which scripts or configuration files on a wiki system (specifically, UseModWiki) may be edited using the same system, enforcing a certain degree of sanity by delaying the commission of changes for an amount of time sufficient to subject those changes to review by system administrators and others in the community.
Files-11 Files-11, also known as on-disk structure, is the file system used by Hewlett-Packard's OpenVMS operating system, and also (in a simpler form) by the older RSX-11. It is a hierarchical file system, with support for access control lists, record-oriented I/O, remote network access, and file versioning.
Filesystem API A file system API is an application programming interface through which an operating system interfaces with file system code. The operating system usually provides abstractions for accessing different file systems transparently to userland programs, and in this sense it is analogous to device driver APIs that provide abstracted access to hardware.
Filesystem in Userspace Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a Free (GPL and LGPL'ed) Unix kernel module that allows non-privileged users to create their own file systems without the need to write any kernel code. This is achieved by running the file system code in user space, while the FUSE module only provides a "bridge" to the actual kernel interfaces.
Filesystem-level encryption Filesystem-level encryption, often called file or folder encryption, is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encrypted by the file system itself, in contrast to full disk encryption where the entire partition or disk, where the file system resides on, is encrypted.
Filet-O-Fish The Filet-O-Fish is a fish sandwich sold by McDonald's since 1963. It was introduced by a McDonald's franchise in Cincinnati, in response to declining sales at restaurants on Fridays, due to the Catholic practice of not eating meat on Fridays.
Filetab Filetab is a computer programming language which is based on decision tables and features a fixed logic that is useful for processing an input file and producing a report with control breaks. Though it was originally designed for producing reports, the language can do much more than that.
Filetail catshark The filetail catshark, Parmaturus xaniurus, is a cat shark of the family Scyliorhinidae, found from the eastern Pacific from Oregon to the Gulf of California, at depths of between 90 and 1,250 m. Its length is up to 45 cm.
FileTopia FileTopia is a free, Windows-based client and networking tool allowing users to organise files, text & voice recordings, chat, and instant messages. All communication is encrypted, using ciphers such as AES, Blowfish, and Idea.
Filchner Mountains Filchner Mountains () is a group of mountains 11 km (7 mi) southwest of Drygalski Mountains, at the west end of the Orvin Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition under Ritscher, 1938-39, and named for Wilhelm Filchner, leader of the German expedition to the Weddell Sea area in 1911-12.
Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha Müezzinzade Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pascha (born 1564 in Filibe in Ottoman Empire, today Plovdiv in Bulgaria; died 1632 in Istanbul) was an Ottoman Grand Vizier. Born as son of a Pomak Muezzin, he went to Istanbul in the age of 15 and was an employee in the Sultan´s palace for many years.
Filibuster (military) A filibuster is an irregular military adventurer, especially one who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to foment or support a revolution. By extension the term also refers to the actions undertaken by a filibuster.
Filicaja Filicaja is a small hamlet in the comune of Montaione, in the province of Florence (Tuscany, Italy). It is famous as the the starting point of Antonio da Filicaja for the invasion of Pisa by the Florentine army in 1509.
Filigree Filigree (formerly written filigrann or filigrane) (Also known as “Telkari” (the name given in Anatolia it means, “Wire work”) or “Cift-isi” (Meaning Tweezers work - Pronunciation: Chift-ishi) ) is a jewel work of a delicate kind made with twisted threads usually of gold and silver. It is nowadays exceedingly common for ajoure work to be mislabelled as filigree.
Filiki Eteria The Filiki Eteria (spelt also Philikí Etaireía, Greek Φιλική Εταιρεία), meaning Friendly Society in Greek, was a secret organisation working in the early 19th century, whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece and to establish an independent Greek state.
Filing (legal) In law, filing is the act of submitting a document to the clerk of a court for the court's immediate consideration, for storage in the court's files, or both. Courts will not consider motions unless an appropriate memorandum or brief is filed before the appropriate deadline.
Filinto MĂĽller Filinto MĂĽller was a military-associated Brazilian politician, and President of the Senate for the state of Mato Grosso and Chief of Distrito Federal police during the government of GetĂşlio Vargas (1933-1942).
Filioque clause In Christian theology the filioque clause or filioque controversy (filioque meaning "and [from] the son" in Latin) is a heavily disputed part of the Nicene Creed, that forms a divisive difference in particular between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions. In the Orthodox tradition, the line in question reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ...
Filip Adwent Filip Adwent (31 August 1955, Strasbourg - 26 June 2005) was a Polish right wing Catholic politician and a Member of the European Parliament for the Pomeranian Voivodship. He ran on a ticket of the extreme right wing party Liga Polskich Rodzin, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.
Filip Bajković Filip Bajković (1910 - 1985) was the President of the Executive Council of Montenegro from 16 December 1951 to 12 July 1962. From 12 July 1962 to 5 May 1963, he was the President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro.
Filip De Wilde Filip De Wilde (born July 5, 1964) was a Belgian football goalkeeper, who was on the squad of the Belgium national football team in three FIFA World Cups: 1990, 1994 and 1998. At the age of nine, he entered Eendracht Zele before joining the famous K.
Filip Dewinter Filip Dewinter (official spelling: Philip Dewinter, born September 11, 1962, Bruges) is a Flemish politician in Belgium. He is one of the leading members of Vlaams Belang, a Flemish nationalist and secessionist political party.
Filip Hammar & Fredrik Wikingsson Filip Hammar and Fredrik Wikingsson are two Swedish TV-personalities both known because of their youthful, though intellectual, humour and unconventional journalism. The duo has been celebrated for their relaxed and spontaneous style in front of the camera.
Filip Konowal Filip Konowal VC (September 15, 1888 – June 3, 1959) was a Ukrainian Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He is the only Ukrainian recipient of the VC.
Filip MĂĽller Filip MĂĽller (born 1922, Sered, Czechoslovakia) was one of very few prisoners to have survived Auschwitz, the largest Nazi German extermination camp. He witnessed the exterminations and gassings of millions of Jews and lived to write one of the key documents of the Holocaust.
Filip Novak Filip Novak (born May 7, 1982 in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic) is a professional ice hockey defenseman who is property of the National Hockey League's Columbus Blue Jackets. Novak is an offensively skilled defenseman who is currently playing in the American Hockey League, but may make it to the NHL in time.
Filip Višnjić Filip Višnjić (Serbian: Филип Вишњић) (born 1767 in Gornja Trnova near Ugljevik, today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, died 1834 in Grk, today's Višnjićevo near Šid in Serbia), was a popular poet and guslar (gusle player), known by some as the "Serbian Homer" both for his blindness and the poetic gift. A witness to historical events of exceptional significance to the Serbian nation, the bard immortalised these events in epic poetry.
Filip Vujanović Filip Vujanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Вујановић) (born September 1, 1954 in Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a politician who since 2003 has served as the President of Montenegro, and is the first president of the world's newest country from May 2006.
Filipe Neri Ferrão Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão (born January 20, 1953 in Aldona, Goa, India) is the seventh Roman Catholic Patriarch of the East Indies and thirty-fifth Archbishop (thirty-seventh bishop) of Goa and Daman, India.
Filipe Soares Franco Filipe Soares Franco is the chairman of Sporting Clube de Portugal, one of Portugal's biggest comprehensive sports clubs. Soares Franco's rise to the post came after much troubled times for Sporting; he succeeded António Dias da Cunha after the latter resigned in solidarity with manager José Peseiro.
Filipin Filipin was isolated by chemists at the Upjohn company in 1955 from the mycelium and culture filtrates of a previously unknown actinomycete, Streptomyces filipinensis, that was discovered in a soil sample collected in the Philippine Islands. Thus the name Filipin.
Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award The Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards also known as FAMAS Awards is the awards of the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences, an award-giving body for film composed of Palanca Award-winning writers and movie columnists and writers.
Filipino American National Historical Society The Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) was created out of a need to document Filipino American history for succeeding generations. Before Fred Cordova and his wife Dorothy Laigo Cordova took up the task, there was a paucity of information available about the Filipino American community's history in the United States.
Filipino cricket team The Filipino cricket team has been an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council since 2000. in the country dates back to the 1960s, and is played almost entirely by ex-patriots from the major cricket playing nations.
Filipino Canadian Filipino Canadians are citizens or immigrants who are of Filipino ancestry and can trace their roots back to the Philippines. They are typically of South-East Asian Malay descent, with various admixtures of Chinese, Spanish, Negrito, Arab, Indian, and Polynesian bloodlines.
Filipino folk music Traditional Music in the Philippines, like the traditional music of other countries, reflects the life of common folk, mainly living in rural areas rather than urban ones. Like its counterparts in Asia, a lot of traditional songs from the Philippines have a strong connection with nature.
Filipino hip hop The Philippines has the oldest hip hop scene in Southeast Asia, largely due to that nation's historical connections with the United States, the birthplace of hip hop. Filipino rap is heterogeneous, encompassing rap in languages such as Tagalog, Chavacano, and Ilocano, as well as English.
Filipino language Filipino (formerly called Pilipino) is the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines—the other one being English—as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The language, a member of the Austronesian languages, is a standardized dialect of Tagalog.
Filipino psychology Filipino psychology, or Sikolohiyang Pilipino, in Filipino, is defined as the psychology rooted on the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. It is regulated by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (National Organization of Filipino Psychology), in English, which was established on 1975 by Virgilio Enriquez, regarded by many as the Father of Filipino Psychology.
Filipino vs. Tagalog Filipino and Tagalog are language names that may refer to the same language, or perhaps they refer to different language variants or even different (but related) languages. There is a continuing controversy whether the distinction is significant, and this article clarifies some of the complex language situation in the Philippines, and the related sociopolitical and linguistic issues that continue to fuel the controversy.
Filipino-American Friendship Day Filipino-American Friendship Day, July 4, is a day in the Philippines designated by President Diosdado Macapagal to commemorate the liberation of the country by joint Filipino and American forces from the Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.
Filipinos in Hong Kong There are on average around 140,000 Filipinos in Hong Kong, of whom most find work as foreign domestic helpers. Filipino maids are known by the locals as amahs, or more often feiyungs and the slangs bun muis or bun buns.
Filipp Makaradze Filipp Makaradze (1868–1941) spelt ფილიპე მახარაძე in Georgian and Филипп Махарадзе in Russian, was President of the Georgian SSR from 1938–1941 and Prime Minister from 1923–1928.
Filipp Malyavin Filipp Andreevich Malyavin (1869-1940) was a Russian painter and draftsman. Malyavin studied at the icon-painting workshop at Saint Panteleimon's monastery on the Mount Athos, in 1892-1899, at the Academy of Arts in St.
Filipp Oktyabrskiy Filipp Sergeyevich Oktyabrskiy (Russian: Филипп Сергеевич Октябрьский, real surname: Ivanov - Иванов; October 23, 1899 — July 8, 1969, Sevastopol) was a Soviet naval commander and admiral (since 1944). Hero of the Soviet Union (awarded on February 20, 1958).
Filippa Reinfeldt Filippa Desiree Amanda Cay Reinfeldt (née Holmberg, born June 14, 1967 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Moderate Party politician. She has been Municipal Commissioner () of Täby, Uppland, since 2002 and Mayor and Chairperson of the Täby Municipal Executive since 2005.
Filippi's Pizza Grotto Filippi's Pizza Grotto is a chain of casual dining restaurants in San Diego, California, specializing in pizza. Vincent DePhilippis and Madeleine Stefani emigrated from Italy to the United States in 1922, with Vincent coming from Italy and Madeleine coming from France.
Filippians Filippians or Philippians () was a soglasiye (confession, literally, "agreement") of the Bespopovtsy (the "priestless") strain of Old Believers. They detached themselves from Pomortsy under the leadership of a "teacher" Filipp at the beginning of the 18th century.
Filippo Barigioni Filippo Barigioni (Rome 1690 – Rome 1753) was a sculptor and architect working in the Late Baroque tradition. His career was spent largely on papal commissions, including aqueducts and fountains, in and around Rome.
Filippo Filippi Filippo Filippi (January 13, 1830 – June 24, 1887) was a famous Italian music critic. He wrote for the Milanese music magazine La perseveranza, and was an admirer of and frequent correspondent with Giuseppe Verdi.
Filippo Inzaghi Filippo "Pippo" Inzaghi, Cavaliere (IPA: []; born August 9, 1973, in Piacenza) is an Italian World Cup Winner who plays as a centre forward. He is the brother of Simone Inzaghi, who is also a professional footballer.
Filippo Marchetti Filippo Marchetti (26 February, 1831 – 18 January, 1902) was an Italian opera composer. Overshadowed, like other Italian opera composers of his period, by the genius of Verdi, Marchetti achieved one great success with his 1869 opera, Ruy Blas.
Filippo Napoletano Filippo Napoletano (c. 1587 – November 1629) was an Italian artist, with a peculiar output, mainly landscape and genre scenes and also drawings or etchings of diverse, often particular, items such as exotic soldiers, skeletons of animals, or cityscapes.
Filippo Pacini Filippo Pacini (May 25, 1812–July 9, 1883) was an Italian anatomist, posthumously famous for isolating the cholera bacillus Vibrio cholerae in 1854, well before Robert Koch's more widely accepted discoveries thirty years later.
Filippo Salvatore Gilii Filippo Salvatore Gilii (1721–1789) (in Spanish: Felipe Salvator Gilij) was an Italian Jesuit priest who lived in Nueva Granada (present day central Venezuela) on the Orinoco river. Gilij is a celebrated figure in early South American linguistics due to his advanced insights into the nature of languages.
Filippo Taglioni Filippo Taglioni (AKA Philippe Taglioni) (November 5, 1777 - February 11, 1871) Is recognized as the "Father of Romantic Ballet." He was an Italian dancer and choreographer and personal teacher to his own daughter, the famous Romantic ballerina Marie Taglioni.
Filippo Volandri Filippo Volandri (born on September 5, 1981 in Livorno, Italy) is a professional male tennis player. Volandri, a right-handed player, stands 6'0" tall, and reached a career-high ranking of 28 on May 16, 2005.
Filippos Margaritis Filippos Margaritis (1839-1892) is generally acknowledged to have been the first Greek photographer, whose earliest daguerreotypes, of the Acropolis of Athens, date from 1847. Having studied painting in lithography in Paris, he opened a studio in [Athens] in 1837 and began teaching at the School of Fine Arts in 1842.
Filitheyo Filitheyo island hosts one of the newest resorts in the Maldives and the first and only resort in Faafu Atoll. Launched in 1999, the resort consists of approximately 125 guest bungalows along with a main restaurant, two bars, a thai spa and a dive school.
Filiz Husmenova Filiz Husmenova (Bulgarian: Филиз Хюсменова; born 10 June 1966 in Silistra) is a Bulgarian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union.
Filiz Koçali Filiz Koçali (born January 22, 1958) is a Turkish politician and secretary general of the Socialist Democracy Party (SDP), the only female of a Turkish political party. She is also known as a feminist activist and journalist.
Fill (archaeology) In archaeology fills are contexts representing material that has accumalated or has been deposited into a cut feature such as ditch or pit of some kind. Fills are an important part of the archaeological record as there formation and composition can throw light on many aspects of archaeological study.
Fill (music) In popular music, a 'fill' is a sound (or combination of sounds) which "fills" the brief time between lyrical phrases and lines of melody. From a musical arranger's perspective, a fill serves the dual purpose or sustaining the listener's attention during what would otherwise be a brief "dead time," and intensifying or beautifying the principal melody.
Fill dirt Fill dirt is earthy material which is used to fill in a depression or hole in the ground. While fill dirt is usually subsoil (soil from beneath the top soil) and underlying soil parent material which has little soil organic matter or biological activity.
Fill factor The fill factor is defined as the ratio of the maximum power (Vmp x Jmp) divided by the short-circuit current (Isc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) in light current density - voltage (J-V) characteristics of solar cells.
Fill flash Fill flash is a photographic technique used to brighten deep shadow areas, typically outdoors on sunny days, though the technique is useful any time the background is significantly brighter than the subject of the photograph. To use fill flash, the aperture and shutter speed are adjusted to correctly expose the background, and the flash is fired to lighten the foreground.
Fill character In computer terminology, a fill character is a character transmitted solely for the purpose of consuming time. It does this by filling a timeslot on a data transmission line which would otherwise be forced to be idle (empty).
Fill light In television, film, stage, or photographic lighting, fill light is used to reduce the contrast of a scene and to provide some illumination for the areas of the image that are in shadow. Most lighting setups will place the fill light at a 90° angle to the key light (in relation to the subject).
Fill or kill Fill or kill is a security order type indicating to the executing broker that the entire order should be executed immediately or it should be canceled. Not to be confused with immediate or cancel orders (aka "Fill and Kill" or "Must be Filled") where partial executions are acceptable.
Fill trestle A fill trestle is a bridge that is built to provide a scaffolding for the construction of a fill or an earthen dam. Typically, the trestle is built across the valley and a railroad track is laid across the trestle.
Fill-In (puzzle) Fill-Ins (also known as Fill-It-Ins) are a type of logic puzzle commonly printed in various puzzle magazines. While they superficially resemble crossword puzzles, they do not require any form of "outside knowledge"; unlike a crossword, one can solve a Fill-In in a non-native tongue, even one with an alternate character set.
Filled milk Filled milk is skim milk that has been reconstituted with fats from sources other than dairy cows. Dairy milk from cows is of a certain quality, taste and texture that lends itself to the production of ice cream, sour cream, whipping cream, half-and-half among other dairy products.
Filler (linguistics) In linguistics, fillers are sounds or words that are spoken to fill up gaps in utterances. Different languages have different characteristic filler sounds; in English, the most common filler sounds are "er" (British spelling, "uh" in American spelling) and "um".
Filler metal A filler metal is a metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering. Four types of filler metals exist—covered electrodes, bare electrode wire or rod, tubular electrode wire and welding fluxes.
Filler text Filler text is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter.
Fillgraderstiege The Fillgraderstiege is a staircase in the sixth district of Vienna, Mariahilf. It was built from 1905 to 1907 and designed by Max Hegele, a student of Otto Wagner, in an Art Nouveau style to connect the two streets, Fillgradergasse and Theobaldgasse.
Filligar Filligar (fill-uh-gur) is a Chicago-based indie-rock band made up of brothers Pete (19), Teddy (19), and Johnny (17) Mathias and long-time friend Casey Gibson (19). The band started in 2002 under the name Flipside.
Filling Factories A Filling Factory was a munitions factory which specialised in filling various munitions, such as bombs, shells, cartridges, screening smokes, etc. In the UK, in both World Wars, the majority of the employees would have been women.
Filling-in In vision, filling-in phenomena are those responsible for the completion of missing information across the physiological blind spot, and across natural and artificial scotomata. There is evidence calling for similar mechanisms of completion also in normal visual analysis.
Fillmore District, San Francisco, California The Fillmore District, also called The Fillmore or The Lower Fillmore, is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California. Though its boundaries are not well-defined, it is usually considered to be the subset of the Western Addition neighborhood bordered by Fillmore Street on the west, Van Ness Avenue on the east, approximately Geary Boulevard on the north, and approximately Grove Street on the south.
Fillmore Theatre - November 5th, 2003 Fillmore Theatre - November 5th, 2003 is an EP by Something Corporate, containing a recording of a concert at The Fillmore in San Francisco, California on November 5 2003. The show was recorded by the Dew Burning Van, a mobile recording system sponsored by Mountain Dew, during Something Corporate's headlining tour with Rx Bandits, Mae and The Format.
Fillmore West 1969 Fillmore West 1969 is a triple album, recorded by the Grateful Dead in February and March 1969 at the Fillmore West in San Francisco. This live ablum features many long jam such as "Jam" and "Dark Star".
Film Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Film at 11 The idiom "Film at 11" originates from television newsbroadcasting. Traditionally, it follows a promotion aired earlier in the evening for a particular (and often a breaking or sensational) story to be detailed on a later local Film broadcast at 11 p.
Film Archive Forum The Film Archive Forum represents all of the public sector film and television archives which care for the UK's moving image heritage. It represents the UK's public sector moving image archives in all archival aspects of the moving image, and acts as the advisory body on national moving image archive policy.
Film Assessment Headquarters In the Weimar Republic, and later in Nazi Germany, the Film Assessment Headquarters (German: FilmprĂĽfstelle) was responsible for censorship of the film industry within Germany. The Headquarters had two offices: one in Berlin and one in Munich.
Film base A film base is a transparent substrate which acts as a support medium for the photosensitive emulsion that lies atop it. Despite the numerous layers and coatings associated with the emulsion layer, the base generally accounts for the vast majority of the thickness of any given film stock.
Film colorization Film colorization or film colourisation is any process that involves adding color to black and white, sepia or monochrome moving-picture images. The earliest examples date back to the early 20th century, but it has become more practical and more common since the development of digital image processing.
Film crew A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film.
Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films, individually and collectively. In general this can be divided into journalistic criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other popular, mass-media outlets and academic criticism by film scholars that is informed by film theory and published in journals.
Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film.Dictionary Definition A film director visualizes the script, controlling a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of his or her vision.
Film distributor A film distributor is an independent company, a subsidiary company or occasionally an individual, which acts as the final agent between a film production company or some intermediary agent, and a film exhibitor, to the end of securing placement of the producer's film on the exhibitor's screen. In the film business, the term "distribution" refers to the marketing and circulation of movies in theaters, and for home viewing (DVD, Video-On-Demand, Download, Television etc).

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