Encyclopedia

Film editing Film editing is the connecting of one or more shots to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an entire movie. Film editing, by definition, is the only art that is unique to cinema and which defines and separates filmmaking from almost all other art forms (such as: photography, theater, dance, writing, and directing).
Film festival A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of films in one or more movie theaters or screening venues. The films are usually of a recent date and, depending upon the focus of the individual festival, can include major international releases as well as those made outside a country's established film industry.
Film festivals in india There are many film festivals in India. Most popular amongst them are the International Film Festival of India, Pumelo Independent Film Festival, Enoma Mumbai Film Festival, Bangalore Film Festival, Chennai Film Festival, etc.
Film finance Film finance is a very secretive and little understood aspect of film production. It is a subset of project finance, meaning that the cash flows to repay investors are generated from the film project, and generally not from external sources.
Film format A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding the image capture of still film or the image capture and projection of motion picture film. In the latter case, it may also encompass audio parameters (though often not).
Film Fest New Haven The Film Fest New Haven (FFNH) is an annual film festival held in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, home of Yale University. Also sometimes known as the New Haven Film Fest, it is a non-profit organisation that was founded in 1995.
Film Forum The New York City cinema Film Forum began in 1970 as an alternative screening space for independent films, with 50 folding chairs, one projector and a US$19,000 annual budget. Karen Cooper became director in 1972 and under her leadership, Film Forum moved downtown to the Vandam Theater in 1975.
Film gauge Film gauge is a physical property of film stock which defines its size. Traditionally the major film gauges in usage are 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm, and 65/70 mm (in this case 65 mm for the negative and 70 mm for the release print).
Film Geek Film Geek is a 2005 independent film starring Melik Malkasian as Scotty Pelk. The story revolves around Pelk's life at a local video store and a love interest that develops with a girl named Niko (Tyler Gannon).
Film holder A film holder is a device which holds one or more pieces of photographic film, for insertion into a camera or optical scanning device such as a dedicated film scanner or a flatbed scanner with film scanning capabilities. The widest usage of the term refers to a device which holds sheet film for use in large format cameras, but can also be used to refer to various interchangeable devices used by medium format camera systems.
Film inventory report (daily raw stock log) The Film Inventory Report or Daily Raw Stock Log is a filmmaking term for a report produced by the clapper loader each day. The report shows how much raw film stock was used that day, the number of good and no-good shots and the amount of film stock wasted.
Film journals and magazines Film journals and magazines combine discussion of individual films, genres and directors with in-depth considerations of the medium and the conditions of its production and reception. Their articles contrast with film reviewing in newspapers and magazines which principally serve as a consumer guide to movies.
Film laboratory A film laboratory is a commercial service provider and technical facility for the film industry which develops and prints film material for classical film production and distribution which is based on film material (negative and positive, black and white and color, on different film formats: 70/65, 35, 16, 9,5 S8/N8 mm).
Film marketing In an effort to recoup the heavy investment of making a film, movie studios would be interested in promoting (hyping) it through all means at their disposal. They often rely on expensive marketing campaigns to ensure that people will actually attend the movie on its release.
Film memorabilia Film memorabilia consist of anything related to cinema that one considers valuable, whether sentimentally or financially. Items may include original autographs, original theatre posters used to advertise the film, film props, photo stills, original costumes, original film scripts and presskits, and more.
Film Musicians Secondary Markets Fund The Film Musicians Secondary Markets Fund is a not-for-profit organization which collects and processes residual payments from Producers and distributes them to film and television musicians. The Fund was established in 1972 as part of a collective bargaining agreement negotiated between the AFM (American Federation of Musicians) and the AMPTP (Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers).
Film noir Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation. Hollywood's classic film noir period is generally regarded as stretching from the early 1940s to the late 1950s.
Film Noir (album) Film Noir is singer-songwriter Carly Simon's 22nd album, 19th studio album, and third album devoted to standards, released in 1997. Jimmy Webb co-produced the album and contributed his vocals, orchestration and piano skills to the project which was filmed for an AMC documentary (which premiered in September of '97).
Film on Thursday Film on Thursday was an award winning film club based in a 200 seat cinema and bar in Nettlefold Hall West Norwood (where part of Stanley Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange was filmed) which is part of the library centre.
Film perforations Film perforations, also known as perfs, are the holes placed in the film stock during manufacturing and used for transporting (via sprockets and claws) and steadying (via pin registration) the film. Films may have different types of perforations depending on film gauge, film format, and the intended usage.
Film poster A film poster is a poster used to advertise a film. Use of such posters goes back to the earliest public exhibitions of film, where they began as outside placards listing the programme of (short) films to be shown inside the hall or theater.
Film preservation The film preservation, or film restoration, movement is an ongoing project among film historians, archivists, museums, and non-profit organizations to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images which they contain.
Film production Film production is the process by which a motion picture is created, from initial development to distribution. The process varies somewhat from country to country and from production company to production company, particularly for independent films.
Film Portrait Film Portrait (1972) is a full-length autobiographical movie directed by, and about, the life of Minnesotan film-maker and artist, Jerome Hill. It was selected as an outstanding Film of the Year for presentation at the London Film Festival in 1972 and won the Gold Dukat Prize at the 21st Annual Film Festival in Mannheim.
Film Quarterly Film Quarterly is a film journal published by the University of California Press, in Berkeley, California. It was first published in 1945 as Hollywood Quarterly, was renamed The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television in 1951, and received its current title in 1958.
Film scanner A film scanner is a device made for scanning photographic film directly into a computer without the use of any intermediate printmaking. They provide several benefits over using a flatbed scanner to scan in a print of any size — the photographer has direct control over cropping and aspect ratio from the original unmolested image on film, and many film scanners come with specialized software or hardware designed to remove scratches, film grain, and improve color reproduction from old negatives.
Film school A Film school is a generic term for any educational institution dedicated to teaching moviemaking, including, but not limited to, film production, theory, and writing for the screen. Usually hands on technical training is incorporated as part of the curriculum, such as learning how to use cameras, light meters and other equipment.
Film society A film society is a membership club where people can watch Private screenings of films which would otherwise not be shown in mainstream cinemas. In Spain they are known as Cineclubs, and in Germany they are known as Filmclubs.
Film speed Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light. Stock with lower sensitivity (lower ISO speed rating) requires a longer exposure and is thus called a slow film, while stock with higher sensitivity (higher ISO speed rating) can shoot the same scene with a shorter exposure and is called a fast film.
Film still A film still, sometimes called a publicity still, is a photograph taken on the set of a movie or television program during production and used for promotional purposes. Generally, a still photographer is present on the set and shoots along side of the production crew.
Film Society of Lincoln Center The Film Society of Lincoln Center based in New York City, United States, is one of the world's most prominent film presentation organizations. Founded in 1969, the film society's focuses is on putting spotlights on American Independent and World Cinema, and to recognize and support new filmmakers.
Film Streams Film Streams is a nonprofit arts organization dedicated to enhancing the cultural environment of Omaha, Nebraska, and the surrounding region through the presentation and discussion of film. In summer 2007, Film Streams will open a two-screen cinema currently under construction in downtown Omaha as part of a development project anchored by internationally acclaimed music label Saddle Creek Records.
Film theory Film theory debates the essence of the cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is about film as a medium rather than about individual films, although theorists often use individual films as examples in generating their theories and film theory is frequently applied to discussions of individual films.
Film tinting Film tinting is the process of adding color to black and white film, usually by means of soaking the film in dye and staining the film emulsion. The effect is that all of the light shining through is filtered, so that what would be white light is, in fact, another color.
Film treatment A film treatment (or treatment for short) is a piece of prose, typically the step between scene cards (index cards) and the first draft of a screenplay for a motion picture. It is generally longer and more detailed than an outline (or one page synopsis) and shorter and less detailed than a step outline but it may include details of directorial style that an outline omits.
Film-out Film-out is the process in the computer graphics, video and filmmaking disciplines of transferring images or animation from videotape or digital files to a traditional celluloid film print. Film-out is a broad term that encompasses the conversion of frame rates, color correction, as well as the actual printing, also called scanning or recording.
Filmation Filmation Associates was an American production company that produced animation for television during the later half of the 20th century. Located in Reseda, California, the animation studio was founded in 1963.
Filmation engine Filmation is the trademark name of the isometric graphics engine employed in a series of games developed by Ultimate Play The Game during the 1980s, primarily on the 8-bit ZX Spectrum platform (although also on the BBC Micro, Amstrad CPC, and MSX platforms).
Filmfare Awards Filmfare Awards are the oldest and most prominent film awards given for Hindi films in India. They are given annually to honour Bollywood's best talents and provide encouragement and incentive to the Hindi motion picture industry.
Filmfare Awards South Filmfare Awards South are the oldest and most prominent film awards given for Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films in India. They are given annually to honour the best talents and provide encouragement and incentive to the South Indian film industry.
Filmfare Best Female Debut Award The Filmfare Best Female Debut Awards is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films. Technically this category comes under the Filmfare Sensational Debut Award as it represents the male and female category.
Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance The Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance consists of two awards: Critic’s Award for Best Actor & Critic’s Award for Best Actress. Although this awards was considered a special award each year since 1990.
FilmFocus FilmFocus is a British film website which has been running since January 2004. According to Alexa Internet datait is the second most popular film website in the United Kingdom] behind [[Empire (magazine)'s website.
Filmi pop Filmi pop is a term first coined by Pakistani music journalist, M Ali Tim in 1990 but made famous by the country's most influential pop critic, Nadeem F. Paracha to define the common practice among Pakistani and Indian pop artisits to fuse traditional subcontinental film music with the more westernised versions of pop.
Filmishmish Filmishmish is an Arabic term meaning "in the time of the apricots" or "when the apricots bloom", which is taken nonliterally to mean the equivalent of the English phrases "wishful thinking" or "when pigs fly." It is also the final lyric of the song "When the President Talks to God" by artist Bright Eyes.
Filmjölk Fil is the common Swedish word for several kinds of fermented soured milk very common for breakfast or lunch in the Nordic Countries. Fil is similar to yoghurt or kefir, but is fermented by different sets of bacteria that give slightly different taste.
Filmmaker (George Lucas film) Filmmaker is a 30 minute documentary by George Lucas about the making of Francis Ford Coppola's The Rain People. According to the Dale Pollock biography of Lucas, Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas (1983, 1999), it was Lucas who came up with the idea of making the documentary and Coppola readily agreed, paying for the film out of The Rain People 's still photography budget.
Filmnews Filmnews was a monthly newspaper dealing with independent film production, distribution and exhibition in Australia and the federal and state government policies and practices which supported them. It was produced in Sydney but distributed Australia-wide, containing news, reviews, interviews, articles and some gossip on the local film community.
Filmograph A film or video production technique in which motion control photography is used to create a moving picture from still photographs or other two dimensional material. A well known example of this technique is found in the works of filmmaker Ken Burns.
Filmography of Satyajit Ray Satyajit Ray is mainly known as director of cinemas. However, he was also credited as writer (both as the writer of the story, or , the screenplay), composer and producer in many cinemas, besides other minor credits in a few films.
Films about Ghosts Films about Ghosts (the best of Counting Crows) is a greatest hits album by the popular alternative rock band Counting Crows. It was released on November 25, 2003 to modest commercial success, though many critics agree it was an accurate and consistent summation of their recording career.
Films considered the greatest ever While it is impossible to objectively determine the greatest film of all time, it is possible to discuss the films considered the greatest ever. The important criterion for inclusion in this article is that the film is the "greatest" by some specific criterion or indicator — be it a critics' poll, popular poll, or awards.
Films considered the worst ever The films listed here have achieved a significant level of infamy through critical and popular consensus to be considered by some people to be among the worst films ever made. The films listed have either been cited by a combination of reputable sources as the worst movie of the year, or been on such a source's list of worst movies.
Films on Kalarippayattu Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: കളരിപ്പയറ്റ്) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It incorporates strikes, kicks, grappling , martial dance, and weaponry, as well as healing techniques.
Filmspotting Filmspotting is a weekly film podcast and radio program from Chicago that is hosted by Adam Kempenaar and Sam Van Hallgren. Until May 2006, the show was called Cinecast but a conflict over the name forced the change.
Filmstar Filmstar is the fifth and final single off the album Coming Up by Suede, released on April 7, 1996 on Nude Records. The single also hit the top 10, thus making all five singles from Coming Up top ten hits, a rare feat for any band.
Filofax Filofax is a company based in the UK that produces a range of personal organisers that are traditionally leather bound and have a six-ring loose-leaf binder system. The name originates from an abbreviation of the phrase "file of facts".
Filomena Marturano Filomena Marturano is a 1950 Spanish language Argentine musical film. It is based on the theatrical piece Filumena Marturano by the Neapolitan actor and author Eduardo De Filippo, which had been previously performed in Argentina with great success by the company of Tita Merello.
Filomena Moretti Filomena Moretti (born Sassari, 1973) is an Italian classical guitarist. She has won numerous awards, toured Italy and other European countries and has interpreted composers like Antonio Vivaldi, Francisco Tárrega, Joaquín Rodrigo and others for the Phoenix and Stradivarius labels.
Filopodia The filopodia are slender cytoplasmic projections, similar to lamellipodia, which extend from the leading edge of migrating cells. They contain actin filaments cross-linked into bundles by actin-binding proteins, e.
Filsinger Games Filsinger Games is a company that pre-dominantly markets professional wrestling card games, specifically the futuristic Champions of the Galaxy and its old-school spinoff, Legends of Wrestling. Filsinger Games is owned by Tom Filsinger.
Filter (band) Filter is a rock group formed in 1993 by Richard Patrick (former live guitarist for Nine Inch Nails) and guitarist/programmer Brian Liesegang. Filter's most distinguishing feature is Richard Patrick's voice, which can soar to quite a high scream - on just about all songs.
Filter (chemistry) In chemistry and common usage, a filter is a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to block certain objects or substances while letting others through. Filters are often used to remove harmful substances from air or water, for example to remove air pollution, to make water drinkable, to prepare coffee.
Filter (magazine) Filter, the publication that promises us that "Good music will prevail," is a seasonal American music and off-beat entertainment magazine for the intelligent reader. It features sharp commentary and even sharper photos of up-and-coming musicians without the need to pander to a certain demographic.
Filter (mathematics) In mathematics, a filter is a special subset of a partially ordered set. A frequently used special case is the situation that the ordered set under consideration is just the power set of some set, ordered by set inclusion.
Filter (oil) Many items requiring lubrication by petroleum products need the lubricant to be especially clean. The oil filter is a device used for this purpose, particularly in automotive and other applications for internal combustion engines.
Filter (optics) An optical filter is a device which selectively transmits light having certain properties (often, a particular range of wavelengths, that is, range of colours of light), while blocking the remainder. They are commonly used in photography, in many optical instruments, and to colour stage lighting.
Filter (Unix) In UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, a filter is program that gets most of its data from standard input (the main input stream) and writes its main results to standard output (the main output stream). UNIX filters are often used as elements of pipelines.
Filter (water) A water filter is a device which removes impurities from water by means of a fine physical barrier, chemical processes and or biological process. Filters are used to cleanse water for irrigation, drinking water, aquariums, and swimming pools.
Filter bank A filter bank is an array of band-pass filters that separates the input signal into several components, each one carrying a single frequency subband of the original signal. It also is desirable to design the filter bank in such a way that subbands can be recombined to recover original signal.
Filter binding assay In biochemistry, one of the ways to learn about an interaction between two molecules is to determine the binding constant, which is a number that describes the ratio of unbound and bound molecules. This information reveals the affinity between the two molecules and allows prediction of the amount bound given any set of initial conditions.
Filter cake A filter cake is formed by the substances that are retained in or on a filter (depending on whether a depth or a surface filter is used). The filter cake grows in the course of filtration, becomes "thicker" as particulate matter is being retained.
Filter design Filter design is the process of working out a filter (in the sense in which the term is used in signal processing, statistics, and applied mathematics), often a linear shift-invariant filter, which satisfies a set of requirements, some of which are contradicting. The problem to be solved is to find a realization of the filter which met each of the requirements to a sufficient degree to make it useful.
Filter driver A filter driver is a Microsoft Windows driver that adds value to peripheral devices or supports a specialized device in the personal computer. Written either by Microsoft or the vendor of the hardware, any number of filter drivers can be added to Windows.
Filter feeder Filter feeders (also known as suspension feeders) are animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized structure, such as the baleen of baleen whales.
Filter Forge Filter Forge is a plugin for Adobe® Photoshop® allowing computer artists to build their own filters, including seamless textures, visual effects, distortions, patterns, backgrounds, and more. The key features of Filter Forge include a visual filter editor and a free online library of user-created filters to which anyone can contribute.
Filter mask A filter mask provides protection to the wearer from harmful airborne substances and usually covers only the mouth and nose. It limits the course of air so that it must flow through a filter which removes harmful dusts or toxic gases.
Filter paper Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier placed perpendicular to a liquid flow and is used to separate fine solids from liquids. In laboratories, filter paper is usually used with a filter funnel, Hirsch, or Buchner funnel.
Filtered Air Positive Pressure A Filtered Air Positive Pressure environment in laboratory animal science is a space that is under positive pressure in respect to the outside world. In this way, no germs that could be nocive to the lab animals or that are a treath for the SPF status can enter the facility.
Filthy Animals The Filthy Animals was a professional wrestling stable in WCW (World Championship Wrestling) from 1999 until 2001. The stable was created during a major feud with another stable The Revolution, which was formed by Chris Benoit, Dean Malenko, Shane Douglas and Perry Saturn.
Filthy Thirteen The Filthy Thirteen was the name given to an elite unit within the ranks of the HQ/ 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, and within the 101st Airborne Division, of the United States Army, which fought in the European campaign in WW II. This unit was selected and trained for the purpose of demolishing enemy targets behind the lines.
Filthy/Gorgeous "Filthy/Gorgeous" is a song by American glam rock band Scissor Sisters and is the seventh track on their self-titled debut album (see 2004 in music). It was released as the last single from that album in the UK, peaking at #5 in the UK Singles Chart in January 2005, making it their first top 5 single (see 2005 in British music).
Filthys at the Red Lion The Red Lion is a pub situated in Twickenham, Middlesex, England, and it is commonly known as "Filthys at the Red Lion", since Filthy McNastys II moved locations from 11 London Road to 166 Heath Road due to owners Scottish & Newcastle's plans to turn the original site into a wine bar. The pub is now the centre of the Twickenham music scene, with local bands playing there most nights of the week.
Filton and Bradley Stoke (UK Parliament constituency) Filton and Bradley Stoke will be a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It will elect one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Filtration (abstract algebra) In mathematics, a filtration is an indexed set Si of subobjects of a given algebraic structure S, with the index i running over some index set I that is a totally ordered set, subject only to the condition that if i ≤ j in I then Si is a subset of Sj.
Filyovskaya Line Filyovskaya Line, formerly Arbatsko-Filyovskaya, is one of the twelve lines of the Moscow Metro. Although the line itself opened in 1958, some of the stations are actually much older, dating to the 1930s when they were part of the Sokolnicheskaya Line.
FiĹŁa Lovin FiĹŁa Lovin (born January 14, 1951) is a former middle distance runner from Romania who won the bronze medal in 800 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She also won a silver medal at the 1985 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Fimbriation In heraldry and vexillology, fimbriation refers to small strips of colour (technically called "tincture" in this sense in heraldry) placed around common charges or ordinaries, usually in order for them to stand out from the background, but perhaps just because the designer felt it looked better, or for a more technical reason (in heraldry only) to avoid what would otherwise be a violation of the rule of tincture. While fimbriation almost invariably applies to both or all sides of a charge, there are very unusual examples of fimbriation on one side only.
Fimbul Ice Shelf Fimbul Ice Shelf () is an ice shelf about 120 miles long and 60 miles wide, nourished by Jutulstraumen Glacier, bordering the coast of Queen Maud Land from 3° W to 3° E. It was photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938-39), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by NBSAE (1949-52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958-59) and named Fimbulisen (the giant ice).
Fimer The Fimer was an Italian automobile manufactured from 1948 until 1949. One of many mini-cars built in the years following World War II, it had a 246cc two-stroke rear-mounted motorcycle engine; few were constructed.
Fimir Fimir are a fantasy race created by Graeme Davis and Jes Goodwin at the end of the Eighties for Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay (WFRP) and the 3rd edition of Warhammer Fantasy Battle (WFB). Heavily inspired by the Fomorians of celtic myth, they are depicted as humanoid, cycoplean creatures with barbed tails and beak-like snouts, with skins that varied from a dark green to a muddy brown colour.
Fin A fin is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. The first use of the word was for the limbs of fish, but has been extended to include other animal limbs and man made devices.
Fin (comics) The Fin (Peter Noble) is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Timely Comics, the Golden Age ancestor of Marvel Comics. The character has elements of both the swashbuckling pirate and superhero genres.
Fin (extended surface) In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a surface that extends from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction, convection, or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers.
Fin Control Systems Fin Control Systems (FCS) is an Australian company owned by Surf Hardware International, specialising in producing surfboard fins and fin mounts. The FCS system is designed so users can swap fins in and out of a surfboard easily.
Fin de fiesta A fin de fiesta is a short theatrical piece in the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) tradition performed after the comedia in order to send the audience home in a festive mood. In 1960 an Argentine film was made of it.
Fin de siècle Fin de siècle is French for "end of the century". The term "turn-of-the-century" is sometimes used as a synonym, but is more neutral (lacking some or most of the connotations described below), and can include the first years of a new century.
Fin Fin on Teo the Magic Planet Fin Fin on Teo the Magic Planet is a 1996 computer game for Windows-based computers made by Fujitsu about a creature that is a Hybrid of a Bird and a Dolphin which the user could communicate with via a Webcam which came with the game, the SmartSensor.
Fin rot Fin rot is a symptom of disease in fish; it is not hard to treat, and the fish usually will survive. Most common in the fancy varieties of goldfish and Bettas, fin rot can occur as a result of an injury, as a secondary infection once the fish has been weakened by another disease, or in some cases, as a primary infection (bacterial (Pseudomonas fluorescens) ).
Fina Rifà Fina Rifà is a Catalan children's artist, illustrator, and educator from Barcelona, Spain. Rifà, began her career in 1963 with the illustration of the highly acclaimed children's book Chiribit by educator Marta Mata.

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