Encyclopedia

Golyanovo Golyanovo () is a historical municipal district on the Eastern side of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the largest districts not only in the Vostochny (Eastern) Administrative Okrug where it is located, but in Moscow itself, both in terms of the geographic area and population size.
Golygon A golygon (technically referred to as a 'serial isogon of 90 degrees') is any polygon with all right angles, whose sides are consecutive integer lengths. Golygons were invented and named by Lee Sallows, and popularized by A.
Gołdap Gołdap (until 1946: (); ) is a town and the seat of Gołdap County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. It is located on the Gołdapa river, between the Wzgórza Szeskie (Seesker Höhen) hills and the Puszcza Romnicka(Rominter Heide) forest.
Goštautai Goštautai () was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the most influential families in the 14-16th centuries. Their only serious rivalm was Kęsgailos, and from the end of the 15th century new power aspiring Radvila family.
Gom Jabbar The gom jabbar is a fictional device appearing in Frank Herbert's Dune universe. According to the Dune novel, the gom jabbar is "The high-handed enemy; that specific poison needle tipped with meta-cyanide used by Bene Gesserit Proctors in the death-alternative test of human awareness.
Goma Goma is a city of 160,000 in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Located in the Western Rift of the Great Rift Valley, Goma neighbors the active Nyiragongo Volcano directly to its north, and hugs the coast of Lake Kivu to its south.
Gomantak Marathi Academy Gomantak Marathi Academy (गोमांतक मराठी अकादमी) sometimes called Goa Marathi Academy is a pro-Marathi school established on 1987. The GMA has formed more than 56 centres working for the development of language and culture of Marathi population in Goa.
Gomateshwara Gomateshwara is a monolithic statue standing at 60 feet above a hill in a place called Shravanabelagola in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India. The statue was built by the Ganga king Chamundaraya in the honour of Lord Bahubali.
Gombe Stream National Park Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, located at 4 40' S 29 38' E, is the smallest of that country's national parks and was formed in 1968 to give protection to 150 chimpanzees that lived there, made famous by the primatologist Jane Goodall. The park forms a 2.
Gombeen man A Gombeen Man is a Hiberno-English term used in Ireland for a shady, small-time "wheeler-dealer" or businessman who is always looking to make a quick profit, often at someone else's expense or through the acceptance of bribes. Its origin is the Irish word 'gaimbin', meaning "usury".
Gombey Liberation Party The Gombey Liberation Party (GLP) is a grassroots political party in Bermuda. Founded on the 3rd of July, 2003, shortly before that year's General Election, the GLP has yet to attain a seat in Bermuda Parliament.
Gombhira Gambhira (Bangla: গম্ভীরা) is a type of song (originating in Chapai Nawabganj, in the Northern region of Bangladesh). It is performed with a particularly distinctive rhythm and dance with two performers, always personifying a man and his grandfather, discussing a topic to raise social awareness.
Gomburza Gomburza is an acronym for Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on February 17, 1872 by Spanish colonial authorities on trumped-up charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Their unjust execution enraged and left a profound and bitter effect on many Filipinos, especially José Rizal, the national hero, who, himself, was to suffer martyrdom.
Gomecello Gomecello is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 16 kilometres from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 512 people.
Gomelavia Gomelavia (State Enterprise Gomelavia) is an airline based in Gomel, Belarus. It was established in 1996 and operates domestic scheduled services and regional charters, as well as aerial work using fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
Gomer (Bible) Gomer (גֹּמֶר, Standard Hebrew Gómer, Tiberian Hebrew Gōmer) is the eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah mentioned in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. (Genesis x.
Gomer Jones Gomer Thomas Jones (February 26, 1914 - March 21, 1971) was a football athlete and coach. He was a Hall of Fame center for the Ohio State University Buckeyes and a coach of the University of Oklahoma Sooners for 19 years.
Gomer Pyle Gomer Pyle was the simple-minded gas station attendant and later auto mechanic in the American TV sitcom The Andy Griffith Show, played by Jim Nabors. Nabors continued the character in his own starring vehicle, Gomer Pyle, U.
Gomery Gomery is a rare surname found mainly in the United Kingdom, France and North America. In some cases Gomery has arisen by a process of aphaeresis, where the Mont- has gradually been lost from the surname Montgomery, but this is not thought to be the main origin of the surname.
Gomery Commission The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian commission headed by the retired Justice John Gomery for the purpose of investigating the sponsorship scandal, which involved allegations of corruption within the Canadian government.
Gomes da Costa Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, commonly known as Manuel Gomes da Costa (pron. IPA []), or just Gomes da Costa, (Lisbon, January 14 1863-Lisbon, December 17 1929), was a Portuguese army officer and politician, tenth President of the Portuguese Republic and the second of the Military dictatorship.
Gomez das Mariñas Perez Das Mariñas, who came from San Miguel das Negradas, Spain, was firstly a Comendador in Spain and later was appointed Spanish Governor ("Virrey") of the Philippines from 1590–1593. He died when travelling to Borneo.
Gomoku Gomoku, go-moku, or gobang (Japanese: 五目並べ, Gomoku Narabe, "five points") is an abstract strategy board game. It is traditionally played with go pieces (black and white stones) on a go board (19x19 intersections); however, because once placed pieces are not moved or removed from the board, gomoku may also be played as a Paper and pencil game.
Gomory's theorem Gomory's theorem is a theorem in discrete mathematics. It states the following: If you take away one black and one white square from ordinary 8Ă—8 chessboard, it is still possible to cover the board with 2Ă—1 dominoes.
Gompa Gompas are Buddhist temples (typically forming monasteries or nunneries, Sanskrit name vihara), located in Tibet, Ladakh (India), Nepal, and Bhutan. Their design and interior details vary from region to region, however, all follow a general layout of a central prayer hall containing a Buddha statue, benches for the monks or nuns to engage in prayer or meditation and attached living accommodation.
Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality The Gompertz-Makeham law states that death rate is a sum of age-independent component (Makeham term) and age-dependent component (Gompertz function), which increases exponentially with age. In a protected environment where external causes of death are rare (laboratory conditions, low mortality countries, etc.
Gomphaceae The Gomphaceae are a diverse family of fungi belonging in what is classically known as the Phallales or cladistically as the gomphoid-phalloid clade. Members include the chantarelle-like genus Gomphus, now suspected of being polyphyletic, the club-like Clavariadelphus, and the toothed fungus-like Beenakia dacostae.
Gomphidiaceae Gomphidiaceae is a family of mushrooms that are members of the Boletales or pored fungi. Unlike other boletes, all members of the Gomphidiaceae (except for Gomphogaster) are agarics, having gills instead of pores.
Gomphidius Gomphidius is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as Spike-caps, that are members of the Boletales or pored fungi. They appear to have gill-like structures which resemble those of agarics, however the similarity is superficial only.
Gomphosis Gomphosis (from New Latin, from Greek gomphoein - to bolt together, from gomphos - tooth, peg) in anatomy is a form of immovable articulation in which a peglike part fits into a cavity, as in the setting of a tooth in its socket.
Gomphotherium Gomphotherium (pronunciation: gom-fo-THEER-ee-um) ("Welded Beast") is an extinct genus of proboscid, which lived during the Early Miocene and Pliocene of Europe (France, Germany, Austria), North America (Kansas), Asia (Pakistan) and Africa (Kenya).
Gomphus (fungus) Gomphus is a small genus of cantharelloid fungi which were presumed to be related to chantarelles, however molecular study has shown them to be allied with stinkhorns and fairy clubs. The genus is polyphyletic which would possibly result in a new name for G.
Gompie Gompie is a Dutch café in Nijmegen, which in 1995 edited the Smokie hit Living next door to Alice, just adding "Alice, Who the fuck is Alice!?" and reaching number-17 in the UK and number-1 in the Netherlands.
Gon, the Little Fox Gon, the Little Fox (in Japanese: ごんぎつね: Gongitsune) is a famous Japanese children's story about the life of a little fox called Gon. The story is considered the masterpiece of Niimi Nankichi, also sometimes known as the Hans Christian Andersen of Japan.
Gonadarche Gonadarche refers to the earliest gonadal changes of puberty. In response to pituitary gonadotropins, the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys begin to grow and increase the production of the sex steroids, especially estradiol and testosterone.
Gonadians Gonadians is a light-hearted, if controversial, term to describe members of the expatriate community based in Canada of Goans (from Goa in India, which was formerly a Portuguese colony). It is a mix of the term Goan and Canadian.
Gonadogenesis Gonadogenesis is one of the many particular stages organogenesis. As the body develops from a single celled zygote into a fetus, and eventually a baby, many steps are taken in an effort to promote cell-differentiation and specialization.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a synthetic peptide modeled after the hypothalamic neurohormone GnRH that interacts with its receptor to elicit its biologic response, the release of the pituitary hormones FSH and LH. Agonists do not quickly dissociate from the GnRH receptor.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue A gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, also known as a GnRH analogue, (sometimes analog) is a synthetic peptide drug modeled after the human hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). A GnRH analogue is designed to interact with the GnRH receptor and modify the release of pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH for therapeutic purposes.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist A gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist) is a synthetic peptide that competes with the neurohormone GnRH for its receptor, thus decreasing or blocking GnRH action. As a result endogenous pituitary output of FSH and LH is shut down.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate.
Gonagala massacre The Gongala Massacre was a massacre that occurred on September 18, 1999, in the small village of Gonagala, located in the Ampara District of Sri Lanka. According to reports, over 50 men, women and children were hacked to death in the middle of the night.
Gonagas The title gonagas (or konagas), bird man, was a shaman ranking level in Northern Scandinavia amongst noayddes, which possessed special level of spiritual knowledge and visualized themself to have possession to transform oneself into a bird figure to "fly" over mountains. Because of this (spiritual) ability, Lundius states they were treated more respectfully or had a higher poisition than other peoples.
Gonaguas The Gonaguas are an ethnic group in South Africa, descendants of a very old cross between the Hottentots and the Kaffirs, on the ethnical divide between the two races, apparently before the arrival of the whites in South Africa. They have been always a despised race and regarded as outcasts by the Bantu peoples.
Gonality of an algebraic curve In mathematics, the gonality of an algebraic curve C is defined as the lowest degree of a rational map from C to the projective line, which is not constant. In more algebraic terms, if C is defined over the field K and K(C) denotes the function field of C, then the gonality is the minimum value taken by the degrees of field extensions
Gonario II of Torres Gonario II (also spelled Gonnario or Gunnari; died between 1180 and 1190) was the giudice of LogudoroFrom locum de Torres, so called from its principal city Porto Torres. (a kingdom in Sardinia) from the death of his father to his own abdication in 1154.
Gonatidae The Gonatidae, also known as armhook squid, are a family of moderately-sized squid. The family contains approximately 19 species in three genera, widely distributed and plentiful in cold boreal waters of the Pacific Ocean.
Gonatodes Gonatodes (dwarf geckos) is a genus of the Gekkonidae (gecko) family. Species of Gekkonidae are found in Central America and the northern part of South America, including Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Guyana.
Gonâve Island Gonâve Island () is an island of Haiti located to the west-northwest of Port-au-Prince in the Gulf of Gonâve (). The island is an arrondissement in the Ouest Department and includes the communes of Anse-à-Galets and Pointe-à-Raquette.
Gonçalo Brandão Gonçalo Brandão (born October 9, 1988 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a young footballer contracted by Belenenses. He is currently on a one-year loan spell at Charlton Athletic, a deal which includes a clause allowing the club to make the signing permanent.
Gonçalo Pereira Gonçalo Pereira is a portuguese guitar virtuoso. He has recorded 3 albums, "Tricôt no País das Maravilhas" (1998), "Upgrade" (1999) and his latest "GoncaloPereira@g spot" (2004).
Gonçalo Velho Gonçalo Velho Cabral, was a 15th century Portuguese explorer and settler of the Atlantic, one of the first discoverers of the Azores islands. He settled there, bringing families and cattle to the island of Santa Maria.
Goncalo alves Goncalo alves (in Portuguese Gonçalo Alves ou Gonçaleiro) is sometimes referred to as zebrawood or tigerwood — names that underscore the wood’s often dramatic, contrasting color scheme, that some compare to rosewood. While the sapwood is very light in color, the heartwood is a sombre brown, with dark streaks that give it a unique look.
Gond (god) Gond is a fictional deity in the Forgotten Realms Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting. Ed Greenwood created Gond for his home Dungeons & Dragons game, very loosely inspired by the Greek deity Hephaestus.
Gondar Gondar or Gonder (Ge'ez: ጎንደር Gōnder, older ጐንደር Gʷandar, modern pronunciation Gʷender) was the old imperial capital of Ethiopia and the historic Begemder province. As a result, the old province of Begemder is sometimes referred to as Gondar.
Gondar Zuria Gondar Zuria (Amharic "Greater Gondar Area") is one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Gondar Zuria is bordered on the south by the Debub Gondar Zone, on the southwest by Lake Tana,
Gondi language Gondi is spoken by the Gondi people. It is one of the most important Central Dravidian languages, spoken by about two million people--chiefly in Madhya Pradesh state, Andhra pradesh, Maharastra, Chhattishgarh and other northren states of India.
Gondia Gondia, also spelt Gondiya, is a town in the state of Maharashtra in western India, and is the administrative headquarters of Gondia District. Gondia is very close to Madhya Pradesh as well as Chattisgarh states, and is considered the gateway to Maharashtra from central and eastern India.
Gondioc Gondioc (also Gundioc, Gundowech, died 473) was king of Burgundy following the destruction of Worms by the Huns in 436, succeeding Gundahar. Gondioc married the sister of Ricimer, the Gothic general at the time ruling the Western Roman Empire.
Gondogoro Glacier Gondogoro Glacier or Gondoghoro Glacier is glacier near Concordia in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It serves as an alternative means to reach Concordia; the confluence of Baltoro Glacier and Godwin-Austen Glacier.
Gondokoro Gondokoro was a trading-station on the east bank of the White Nile in southern Sudan, 750 miles south of Khartoum. Its importance lay in the fact that it was within a few miles of the limit of navigability of the Nile from Khartoum upstream.
Gondola (rail) In railroad terminology, a gondola is an open-top type of rolling stock that is used for carrying loose bulk materials. Because of its low side walls, gondolas are used to carry either very dense material, such as steel plates or coils, or bulky items such as prefabricated pieces of rail track.
Gondola lift A gondola lift is a type of aerial lift, often called a cable car, which consists of a loop of steel cable that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate supporting towers. The cable is driven by a bullwheel in the terminal, which is connected to an engine or electric motor.
Gondolier (album) This is the third album of Dalida and one of her best, containing big hits like "Gondolier" (her biggest since "Bambino" in 1956-57), "Buenas noches mi amor", "Histoire d'un amour" and the pop-rock oriented "Le jour oĂą la pluie viendra".
Gondomar, Pontevedra Gondomar is a municipality in Galicia, Spain in the province of Pontevedra. Home of Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar, one of the most renowned diplomats of Spanish imperial times, the main instigator of the "Spanish Match" that would have joined Charles I of England and the Infanta Maria Anna in marriage.
Gondophares Gondophares (Parthian: Vindapharna, lit. "Conqueror of the farn", Greek: ΥΝΔΟΦΕΡΡΟΥ, Pali: Gudaphara, other Indian names: Gondapharna, Guduvhara, Armenian: Gastaphar) was the first king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom.
Gondulphus Gondulphus (Gundulfus, Gondulf, Gondon, Monulphus, Monulf) is the name of three saints, of whom one was Bishop of Tongres, the second Bishop of Metz, while the third is known as Gondulphus of Berry. We possess little information concerning any of the three, and the slight idea of each afforded us by the documents of the Middle Ages is reduced to the following.
Gondwana The southern supercontinent Gondwana (originally Gondwanaland) included most of the landmasses in today's southern hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, and New Zealand, as well as Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which are in the Northern Hemisphere. The name is derived from the Gondwana region of India.
Gondwana (India) Gondwana, sometimes called Gondaranya, is a region of central India, and is named after the Gondi people who live there (though they can also be found in other parts of India). The name of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland was derived from Gondwana, because some of the earliest rock formations of this continent were first investigated in part of the region, in modern Orissa.
Gondwanaland (band) Gondwanaland, originally billed as Gondwanaland Project, are an Australian musical ensemble which combines traditional Australian instruments such as didgeridoo and bullroarer with western instruments such as synthesizer and guitar.
Gondwanatitan Gondwanatitan (meaning "Gondwana titan") was a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur. Gondwanatitan was found in Brazil, at the time part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, in the late Cretaceous Period (70 mya).
Gone Away "Gone Away" is a song by The Offspring, from the 1997 album Ixnay on the Hombre. This song, according to the DVD side of their Greatest Hits album, has helped many fans through hard times in their lives.
Gone Baby Gone Gone Baby Gone is a movie based on the novel of the same title by Dennis Lehane, directed by Ben Affleck. It is set for release in 2007, staring Casey Affleck and Michelle Monaghan, also starring Ed Harris, John Ashton and Morgan Freeman.
Gone for Soldiers Gone for Soldiers is a 2000 historical novel by Jeffrey Shaara about the Mexican-American War. It was written as a stand-alone novel, but could also be seen as a prequel to the Civil War trilogy written by Shaara and his father, Michael Shaara, introducing some of the key protagonists in the campaigns that first won them fame.
Gone Fishin' (album) Gone Fishin' is a 1984 LP album, the second studio release by San Francisco punk/noise band Flipper. The album's artwork featured a depiction of Flipper's tour van as a ready-to-cut-out-and-assemble centerpiece, with similar cutouts of the four band members on the back cover.
Gone Fishing "Gone Fishing" is a song by English Post Trip-Hop band Second Person, which will be on the band's forthcoming album: "Come to Dust" - the follow-up to their debut album "Chromatography". Due for release in 2007 this song has a music video created by Katy Davis and has received a number of awards from film festivals around the world.
Gone Hollywood Gone Hollywood is the opening track off of Supertramp's 1979 album Breakfast in America. Written and sung by keyboardist Rick Davies, the song tells about a person who wishes he did not ever set foot in Los Angeles.
Gone in Thirty Seconds Gone in Thirty Seconds is an original album of 8 remixes, originally created for the OverClocked ReMix-based open competition, the Original Remix Competition 17. ORC17 participants arranged analoq's original track "Gone in 3 Minutes," which itself was based off of "Gone in 30 Seconds," originally created by analoq in 2000 for a competition hosted by music site Trax in Space.
Gone Jackals The Gone Jackals is a hard rock and roll band, based in San Francisco, California. They gained some fame among computer gamers worldwide when they provided parts of the soundtrack to the biker themed adventure-game Full Throttle by LucasArts (songs featured on their second album Bone to Pick).
Gone Records Gone Records was a record label founded by George Goldner that was active in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Among the artists that recorded for the label were Bill Haley & His Comets, Ral Donner, Jo-Ann Campbell, and Johnny Rivers.
Gone to Earth Gone to Earth was the second full-length solo album by David Sylvian and was released in 1986. It was an ambitious two-record set, which flouted convention (and perhaps commercial wisdom) by featuring one record of vocal prog rock tracks and one consisting entirely of Ambient music tracks.
Gone up in Flames "Gone up in Flames" was the debut single by British rock band Morning Runner, first released on 1 August 2005 (see 2005 in British music). The song was later featured on the band's debut album, Wilderness Is Paradise Now, released in March 2006.
Gone wild Gone Wild is a comedy album by The Bob and Tom Show, which was first released in November 2002. It is a two-disc set which represents original material recorded during their syndicated, daily radio show and other studio numbers which had not been previously presented on air.
Gone with the Wind Gone with the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. It was the only book that Mitchell published in her lifetime, but it became one of the best-selling American novels of the 20th century, surpassed only by Valley of the Dolls in the late 1960s.
Gone with the Wind (film) Gone with the Wind, one of the most popular films of all time, and the most enduring symbol of the golden age of Hollywood, is a 1939 film adapted from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel of the same name. It went on to win ten Academy Awards, and has been dubbed by the American Film Institute as fourth in the top 100 American films of the 20th Century.
GoneME GoneME was a fork of the GNOME desktop. It was created in 2004 by Ali Akcaagac, a former GNOME-Foundation member and longtime contributor to the GNOME project, who was disappointed in the direction GNOME was taking, and wanted to make some substantial changes.
Gonen Segev Gonen Segev (Hebrew: גונן שגב) (born 6 January, 1956) is a former Israeli politician and pediatrician who was convicted for drug smuggling and forgery. In politics, he served as a member of Knesset and as a government minister.
Gong Bao Tian Gong Bao Tian (or Gong Baotian) was a Chinese martial artist who started training with Yin Fu while he was still an adolescent while working as a waiter in a restaurant. Gong Bao Tian’s older brother, Gong Baoshan, introduced Gong Baotian to Yin Fu.
Gong Baoren Gong Baoren is a Chinese swimmer who competed in the Sydney 2000 paralympic men's 100m breaststroke SB7 event, finishing 3/100s of a second behind the finalist. He was distinguished by from the other competitors in event in that he had no arms.
Gong Beibi Gong Beibi () (Born February 21 in Fujian, China) is a Chinese film actress. Beginning her career as a child actress, she later graduated from the prestigious Central Academy of Drama where she gained fame and popularity among young audiences in China after starring in several popular TV series and feature films in both China and Hong Kong.
Gong Du Gong Du was an officer of the Yellow Turbans during the Three Kingdoms Period of China. Following the defeat of the Yellow Turbans during the year of 194, Gong Du personally led a large sum of bandits in the city of Ru Nan.
Gong Gong Gong Gong (Chinese: 共工) is a Chinese water god who is responsible for the great floods, together with his associate, Xiang Yao (Chinese: 相繇), who has nine heads and the body of a snake. In Chinese mythology, Gong Gong was ashamed that he lost the fight to claim the throne of Heaven and in a fit of rage he smashed his head against Mount Buzhou (不周山), a pillar holding up the sky.
Gong mythology The Gong mythology is a collection of recurring characters, themes, and ideas that permeate the rock albums of Daevid Allen and Gong and to a lesser extent the early works of Steve Hillage. The story is based on a vision Allen had during the full moon of Easter, 1966 in which he claims he could see his future laid out before him.
Gong Pixiang Gong Pixiang (Chinese character: 公丕祥; Pinyin: Gōng Pĭxiáng; born 1955) is a jurist in China. He was the President of Nanjing Normal University and is the President of the High People's Court of Jiangsu Province.
Gong Shengliang Pastor Gong Shengliang (龚圣亮) is the head of the South China Church. Convicted of the crimes of forming an illegal cult and promoting violence and rape toward Church members, he is currently serving a life sentence in the People's Republic of China.
Gong Soo 1945 to 1955: Taekwondo Kwans (associations) were formed: During the 1940's, Chung Do Kwan, Ji Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Chang Moo Kwan, Song Moo Kwan. During the 1950's Oh Do Kwan, Han Moo Kwan, Kang Duk Won and Jung Do Kwan.
Gong Xian Gong Xian () (1618-1689; some sources give his birth year as early as 1617 or as late as 1620; born in Kunshan, Jiangsu) was a Chinese painter, the most important of the Eight Masters of Nanjing and the leading painter of the Nanjing school.
Gong Xiantian Gong Xiantian (Chinese: 巩献田; Pinyin: Gŏng Xiàntián; born November, 1944) is a professor of jurisprudence at Beijing University Law School. In 2005, he openly challenged the constitutionality of the draft of the Property Law.
Gong Zhi Gong Zhi an officer of the Three Kingdoms Period that served as a prefect of Wu Ling under the authority of Jin Xuan. Zhi at one time recommended surrender when Zhang Fei invaded their territory, but his advice was ignored.
Gongche Shangshu movement The Gongche Shangshu movement (Traditional Chinese: 公車上書, Simplified Chinese: 公车上书) was a politcal movement in late Qing dynasty China, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China.

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