Encyclopedia

Gratz Park Historic District The Gratz Park Historic District is located in downtown Lexington, Kentucky. Gratz Park is named after early Lexington businessman Benjamin Gratz whose home stands on the corner of Mill and New streets at the edge of Gratz Park.
Grauer school The Grauer School, founded in 1991, is a grades 6-12 private, college preparatory day school in Encinitas, California. The school is operated by the Grauer Foundation for Education, a California not-for-profit corporation.
Grauman's Chinese Theater Grauman's Chinese Theater is a world-famous movie theater located at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Built in 1927 by a partnership headed by Sid Grauman, the Chinese was intended to be the world's greatest.
Graupel (snow) Graupel (also called snow pellets) refers to precipitation that forms when freezing fog condenses on a snowflake, forming a 2–5 mm ball of rime ice; the snowflake acts as a nucleus of condensation in this process. The term is derived from German "Graupel" meaning "freezing rain" or "soft hail".
Graustark Graustark is a fictional country in Eastern Europe used as a setting for several novels by George Barr McCutcheon. Graustark's neighbors, which also figure into the stories, are Axphain to the north and Dawsbergen to the south.
Gravastar In astrophysics, the Gravastar theory is a proposal by Pawel Mazur and Emil Mottola to replace the black hole. Instead of a star collapsing into a pinpoint of space with infinite density, the gravastar theory proposes that as an object gravitationally collapses, space itself undergoes a phase transition preventing further collapse, being transformed into a spherical void surrounded by a form of super-dense matter.
Gravdal Gravdal is a village in Vestvågøy municipality in the county of Nordland, located on Vestvågøy island which is part of the Lofoten Archipelago in northern Norway (north of the Arctic Circle). Its population (2005) is 1.
Grave (crater) Grave is a lunar crater that lies in the northern interior floor of the huge Gagarin walled-plain, on the far side of the Moon. It is located about 10 kilometers to the east-northeast of the larger Isaev crater, which covers the northwestern part of Gagarin's interior.
Grave (mass) French king Louis XVI created a Consultative Commission for Units to create a new decimal system of measurement. This royal commission, which included such aristocrats as Lavoisier, founded the very beginnings of the "decimal metric system", which later evolved into the contemporary SI.
Grave danger (CSI Episode) Grave Danger is the name of the last two episodes in the fifth season of the popular American crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. This two parter is directed by Quentin Tarantino and was aired on May 19, 2005.
Grave Digger (truck) Grave Digger (often referred to as simply Digger) is the name of a team of monster trucks currently racing in the USHRA Monster Jam series. There are several Grave Diggers being driven by different drivers to allow them to make appearances at more events, but their flagship driver is creator Dennis Anderson.
Grave of the Fireflies is a 1988 anime movie written and directed by Isao Takahata for Studio Ghibli. It is an adaptation of the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka, intended as a personal apology to the author's own sister.
Grave robbing Grave robbing or grave robbery is the act of uncovering a tomb or crypt to steal the artifacts inside or disinterring a corpse to steal the body itself or its personal effects. Someone who engages in this act is a grave robber.
Grave Tusken The Grave Tuskens were former Tusken Raiders used by the Dark Jedi Maw as a personal strike force. Their uniforms were similar to the traditional cloth wrappings of the Sand People except they were bluish grey instead of sandy brown.
Gravediggaz Gravediggaz was a hardcore hip hop group from New York City, well-known for its dark sense of humor and abrasive, menacing soundscapes. The group was formed in 1994 and was effectively a supergroup, bringing together Prince Paul (formerly producer with De La Soul and Stetsasonic), Frukwan from Stetsasonic, Too Poetic from the Brothers Grym, and RZA from the Wu-Tang Clan (who at the time of Gravediggaz' formation had only just released its first album).
Gravedigger (song) "Gravedigger" is a song by Dave Matthews from his debut solo album, Some Devil. This was the first single released by Matthews aside from the Dave Matthews Band, and it won a Grammy Award in 2003 for "Best Male Rock Performance.
Graveface Records Graveface Records is an independent record label from Chicago, Illinois. It has released recordings by The Appleseed Cast, Monster Movie, Dreamend, Jacob, Spires in the Sunset Rise, Daturah, Hundred Hands, Black Moth Super Rainbow, and Power Pill Fist.
Gravel Gravel is rock that is of a certain grain size range. In geology, gravel is any loose rock that is at least two millimeters in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches).
Gravel pit Gravel pit is the British English term for an open cast working for extraction of gravel (river-deposited rounded stones). Gravel pits normally lie in river valleys where the water table is high, so they fill naturally with water to form ponds or lakes.
Gravel road A gravel road is a type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel that has been brought to the site from a quarry. They are common in lesser-developed nations, and also in the rural areas of developed nations such as Canada and the United States.
Gravel Undertone Gravel Undertone is a four piece band from Atlanta, GA. The band with its current lineup formed in late 2004 with Sean Thomson on Guitar&Vocals, Theo Carnavos on Bass, Ben Manning on Drums, & Hiroko on Violin.
Graveland Graveland is a Polish black metal band which was formed in 1992 by Rob Darken (born Robert Fudali). Darken, who started Graveland as a solo project, was inspired by early black metal such as Bathory and Burzum's early works.
Gravelbourg, Saskatchewan Gravelbourg is a small, historically francophone town found in south central Saskatchewan. It is located within a well-trafficked corridor and is approximately 110 kilometres from Moose Jaw, Swift Current, and the United States border.
Graveley Graveley is a small village, about four miles east of Hitchin and two miles north of Stevenage in Hertfordshire, England. It has several attractive cottages, the 18th century Grange and Gothic House, and the George and Dragon with its 18th century facade of chequered brick, as well as The Wagon and Horses.
Gravely Tractor Gravely Tractor, of Brillion, Wisconsin is a manufacturer of outdoor power lawn and garden implements which was established in early 20th century. Gravely uses the term tractor in a figurative sense, since its products are usually hand control units, or qualify as riding tractors.
Gravemist Now known as "GRAVEMIST", This is The band formerly known as CREEPERS. The band originated a "new old-fashioned" sound, often dubbed "creepabilly", a mix of dark gothic blues, skiffle, and a softer rockabilly edge including crooning ballads and love songs.
Gravenstein Gravenstein (Danish: Gråsten-Æble) is a variety of apple native to Gråsten in South Jutland, Denmark. The variety was discovered in 1669 as a chance seedling, although there is some evidence that the variety originated in Italy and traveled north.
Graves de Communi Re Graves de Communi Re was an encyclical written by Pope Leo XIII in 1901, on Christian Democracy. It is part of a larger body of writings known as Catholic social teaching, that trace their origin to Rerum Novarum which was issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891.
Graves Park (ward) Graves Park ward—which includes the districts of Norton, Norton Lees, Norton Woodseats, and Woodseats—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is located in the southern part of the city and covers an area of 5.
Gravesend (UK Parliament constituency) Gravesend was a constituency centred on the town of Gravesend, Kent which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election.
Gravesend-86th Street (BMT Sea Beach Line) Gravesend–86th Street is a station on the BMT Sea Beach Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 86th Street and West 7th Street in Gravesend, Brooklyn, it is served by the train at all times and it is the south terminal of a few trains (the first three trains to Manhattan in the morning, the last three trains from Manhattan in the evening).
Graveson Cup This is an annual Inter-Varsity competition from the King's College London Debating Society. It was established by David Dunne in 2002 and named in honour of Professor Graveson, who was Dean of the Law School at King's College London from 1951 to 1970.
Gravestone rubbing Gravestone rubbing is the practice of creating a rubbing by depositing a rendering material such as charcoal, wax or graphite on paper placed over the engraved surface of a gravestone in order to obtain an image of the stone's lettering and designs. It is often used as a method of retrieving information about genealogy.
Graveyard BBQ Graveyard BBQ is a dirtcore band formed in Waltham Massachusetts in summer 2003. They quickly rose to fame when they took victory in the "Be a Guitar Hero" national contest, and thus their song "Cheat on the Church" was featured in the soundtrack of the Playstation 2 game "Guitar Hero.
Graveyard of the Atlantic Graveyard of the Atlantic is a name given to the treacherous waters in the Atlantic Ocean along the Outer Banks of North Carolina and the Virginia coastline south of the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay at Cape Henry. In this area of the ocean, the cold waters of the Labrador Current, which originates around the coast of Norway, collide with the warm waters of the Gulf Stream.
Graveyard of the Pacific The Graveyard of the Pacific was a mariner's nickname for the Pacific Northwest Coast from Oregon north to the tip of Vancouver Island. The region's seas are beset with heavy weather year-round and the coastline is rugged, especially along Vancouver Island and its northwestern tip at Cape Scott.
Graveyard orbit A graveyard orbit, also called a supersynchronous orbit, is an orbit significantly above synchronous orbit where spacecraft are intentionally placed at the end of their operational life. It is a measure performed in order to lower the probability of collisions with operational spacecraft and of the generation of additional space debris.
Graveyard poets The "Graveyard Poets" were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th century characterised by their gloomy meditations on mortality, 'skulls and coffins, epitaphs and worms' (Blair: The Grave 23) in the context of the graveyard. To this was added, by later practitioners, a feeling for the 'sublime' and uncanny, and an interest in 'ancient' English poetic forms and folk poetry.
Graveyard slot A Graveyard slot is a common media term to describe a programme that is shown in the early hours of a morning. Because there are fewer people awake, producers and programme-makers can afford to take more risks as there is less advertising revenue at stake.
Gravimetric analysis Gravimetric analysis describes a set of methods in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of an analyte based on the weight of a solid. A simple example is the measurement of solids suspended in a water sample: A known volume of water is filtered, and the collected solids are weighed.
Gravina Island Gravina Island is an island in the Gravina Islands of the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska, at . It is 32 km (20 miles) long and 5-15 km (3-9 miles) wide, and had a population of 50 persons at the 2000 census.
Gravina Island Bridge The Gravina Island Bridge is a proposed $315 million bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects Ketchikan, Alaska (population 8,000) to developable land on Gravina Island and improve access to Ketchikan International Airport. The bridge would replace or augment a 7-minute ferry ride from Ketchikan to its airport .
Gravion Zwei In 2004, Gravion was followed by a sequel: Gravion Zwei (Zwei: German for two). This second series aired from January 8 to March 25, 2004 in Japan, and in the twelve additional episodes answers were given to questions generated from the first series as new action was generated.
Gravis Ultrasound Gravis Ultrasound or GUS is a sound card for the IBM PC compatible system platform, made by Canada-based Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. It was very popular in the demo scene in the 1990s, due to its superior sound quality compared to similarly-priced soundcards of its time.
Gravissimum Educationis Gravissimum Educationis is the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Christian Education. It was promulgated on October 28, 1965 by Pope Paul VI, following approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,290 to 35.
Gravit Gravit is a free and open source gravity simulator distributed under the GNU General Public License. The program is available for all major operating systems, including Linux and other Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.
Gravitation Gravitation is a phenomenon through which all objects attract each other. Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity, but the much simpler Newton's law of universal gravitation provides an excellent approximation in many cases.
Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an object caused by the force of gravity from another object. An interesting fact is that any object will accelerate towards a large object (like the earth) at the same rate, regardless of the mass of the object.
Gravitational anomaly In theoretical physics, a gravitational anomaly is an example of an anomaly: it is an effect of quantum mechanics - usually a one-loop diagram - that invalidates the general covariance of a theory of general relativity combined with some other fields. The adjective "gravitational" is derived from the symmetry of a gravitational theory, namely from general covariance.
Gravitational binding energy The gravitational binding energy of an object consisting of loose material, held together by gravity alone, is the amount of energy required to pull all of the material apart, to infinity. It is also the amount of energy that is liberated (usually in the form of heat) during the accretion of such an object from material falling from infinity.
Gravitational biology Gravitational Biology is the study of the effects gravity has on living organisms. Throughout the history of the Earth life has evolved to survive changing conditions, such as changes in the climate and habitat.
Gravitational collapse Gravitational collapse in astronomy is the inward fall of a massive body under the influence of the force of gravity. It occurs when all other forces fail to supply a sufficiently high pressure to counterbalance gravity and keep the massive body in (dynamical) equilibrium.
Gravitational coupling constant The gravitational coupling constant is a fundamental physical constant and a coupling constant characterizing the strength of gravitation between typical elementary particles. Because it is a dimensionless quantity, its numerical value does not vary with the choice of units of measurement.
Gravitational energy Gravitational energy is the energy associated with the gravitational field. Between two or more masses (or other forms of energy-momentum) a gravitational potential energy exists, according to Newtonian physics.
Gravitational erosion Gravitational erosion is caused by gravity in contrast to the physical movement of wind and water required for other types of soil erosion. Gravitational erosion involves both large scale mass wasting and smaller scale erosion.
Gravitational instanton A gravitational instanton is a complete non-singular positive definite solution of the vacuum Einstein equations. They have self-dual Riemann tensor, which is equivalent to being Kähler-Einstein, and are analogous to self-dual Yang-Mills instantons.
Gravitational interaction of antimatter The gravitational interaction of antimatter with matter or antimatter has not been conclusively observed by physicists. While the overwhelming consensus amongst physicists is that antimatter will attract both matter and antimatter at the same rate matter attracts matter, there is a strong desire to confirm this experimentally.
Gravitational lens A gravitational lens is formed when the light from a very distant, bright source (such as a quasar) is "bent" around a massive object (such as a massive galaxy) between the source object and the observer. The process is known as gravitational lensing, and is one of the predictions of Albert Einstein's general relativity theory.
Gravitational metric system In the gravitational metric system(s) the base unit of force is not normalised to one mass unit (gram or kilogram) times one length unit (metre or centimetre) per time unit squared (second) as in the SI, but it depends on a selected or locally measured gravitational constant gn. This constant is usually set to an acceleration of 9.
Gravitational mirage A gravitational mirage is the visual impression caused by a so-called gravitational lens in space, which may include multiple images, rings, etc of background light sources. This is analogous to the familiar mirage which can frequently be observed where the air temperature varies strongly with height over the ground (or sea).
Gravitational redshift In physics, light loses energy when it moves away from a massive body such as a star or a black hole; this effect reveals itself as a gravitational redshift in the frequency of the light, and is observable as a shift of spectral lines towards the longer, or "red," end of the spectrum. Gravitational redshift is sometimes known as the Einstein effect, although that is not the only meaning applied to that term.
Gravitational singularity A gravitational singularity (sometimes spacetime singularity) is a singularity in the structure of spacetime. Roughly, it is a place where quantities which are used to measure the gravitational field become infinite.
Gravitational time dilation Gravitational time dilation is a consequence of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity and related theories which causes time to pass at different rates in regions of a different gravitational potential; the higher the local distortion of spacetime due to gravity, the slower time passes.
Gravitational tractor In asteroid deflection, a gravitational tractor is a way to use the gravitational attraction between a spaceship and an asteroid to modify its trajectory to prevent it from colliding with the Earth. In the plan, the spaceship hovers above the asteroid's surface using thrusters, and gravitational attraction deflects the asteroid.
Gravitational wave In physics, a gravitational wave is a fluctuation in the curvature of spacetime which propagates as a wave, traveling outward from a moving object or system of objects. Gravitational radiation is the energy transported by these waves.
Gravitational wave background A possible target of gravitational wave detection experiments is a stochastic background of gravitational waves. The detection of such a background would have a profound impact on early universe cosmology and on high-energy physics, opening up a new window and exploring very early times in the evolution of the universe, and correspondingly high energies, that will never be accessible by other means.
Gravitomagnetism Gravitomagnetism (sometimes Gravitoelectromagnetism, abbreviated GEM), refers to a set of formal analogies between Maxwell's field equations and an approximation to the Einstein field equations for general relativity, valid under certain conditions. For instance, the most common version of GEM is valid only far from isolated sources, and for slowly moving test particles.
Graviton In physics, the graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravity in the framework of quantum field theory. If it exists, the graviton must be massless (because the gravitational force has unlimited range) and must have a spin of 2 (because gravity is a second-rank tensor field).
Gravitropism Gravitropism (or geotropism) is a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungi in response to gravity. Charles Darwin was one of the first to document that roots show positive gravitropism and stems show negative gravitropism.
Gravity (astronomy) In astronomy, the discovery and application of Newton's law of gravity accounted for the detailed information we have about the planets in our solar system, the mass of the sun, the distance to stars and even the theory of dark matter. Although we haven't traveled to all the planets nor to the sun, we know their mass.
Gravity (fundamental forces) Over the last century, the mechanism of operation behind three of the four fundamental forces, strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic, has been explained using the concept of messenger particles. Attempts are currently underway to combine the concept of quantum mechanical messenger particles and the general relativity theory of gravitation into a unified whole.
Gravity (social science methodology) Social science results are often subjected to meta analysis, which is a statistical procedure that combines the results of studies to produce an overall estimate of the effect size. The effect size is usually expressed as an odds ratio or a standardized difference between the means of two groups.
Gravity bong In cannabis culture, gravity bong is a term that can refer to either of two devices used for smoking cannabis that use the gravitational force of water to create a vacuum whereby the suction created draws air through a bowl to fill the container with smoke.
Gravity boots Gravity boots are not boots at all, but in fact ankle supports designed to allow a person to hang upside down. Thanks to exposure in television dramas and movies in the 1980s, gravity boots became a common fitness tool in homes across the United States.
Gravity current In fluid dynamics, a gravity current is a primarily horizontal flow in a gravitational field that is driven by a density difference. Typically, the density difference is small enough for the Boussinesq approximation to be valid.
Gravity drag In astrodynamics, gravity drag (or gravity losses) is inefficiency encountered by a spacecraft thrusting while moving against a gravitational field. It describes an inefficient use of thrust, not some magical effect on the efficiency of the operation of the engines.
Gravity DIP Records Gravity DIP Records is an independent record label based in Kingston Upon Thames, England. It evolved from a music collective which has promoted live shows by bands and club nights in Kingston Upon Thames since 1994.
Gravity Entertainment Gravity Entertainment is a film and television production company formed in 1997 by entrepreneurs that come from the entertainment and financial industry. The goal from the outset was to create a highly diverse global media company centered around film and television production and distribution.
Gravity Euphonic Gravity Euphonic is an electronic/industrial rock band from the Fort Worth, TX area. The band plays a significant role in the underground industrial scene by breaking away from the typical sounds of EBM and Industrial Metal.
Gravity Games Gravity Games is a multi-sport competition originating from Providence, Rhode Island that is broken down into Winter and Summer adaptations. These feature a variety of extreme sports such as skateboarding, Freestyle Motocross, BMX freestyle (during the summer) and snowboarding (during the winter).
Gravity Golf Gravity Golf is a training method developed by David C. Lee that aims to teach a person to swing a golf club in a physics-friendly manner that provides maximum ball speed and distance with the minimum of effort.
Gravity Grave "Gravity Grave" was The Verve's greatest hit at the time of its release (1992). Part of their "psychedelic era", this is another song with blurry visions and strong connections to drug taking.
Gravity hill A gravity hill (also known as a gravity road) is a place where the layout of the surrounding land produces the optical illusion that a very slight downhill slope appears to be an uphill slope. Thus, a car left out of gear will appear to be rolling uphill.
Gravity knife A gravity knife is a knife which can be opened solely by the forces of gravity or centripetal force. One method of opening is where the blade exits out the front of the handle point-first and locks into place.
Gravity model Gravity models are used in various social sciences to predict and describe certain behaviors that mimic gravitational interaction as described in Isaac Newton's law of gravity. Generally, the social science models contain some elements of mass and distance, which lends them to the metaphor of physical gravity.
Gravity model of trade The gravity model of trade in international economics, similar to other gravity models in social science, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes of (often using GDP measurements) and distance between two units. The model was first used by Jan Tinbergen in 1962.
Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe A (GP-A) was a satellite-based experiment to test Einstein's theory of general relativity performed jointly by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It sent a Hydrogen MASER, a kind of highly accurate atomic clock, into space to measure the rate change of a clock in lower gravity with high precision.
Gravity Probe B Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was a satellite-based mission from 2004 to 2005 to measure the stress-energy tensor (the distribution, and especially the motion, of matter) in and near Earth, and thus to test related models in application of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Gravity roll In drum playing, a gravity roll is performed by resting the shaft of the drumstick on the rim of the snare drum, while holding the butt. The hand is moved up and down, causing the head of the stick to strike the drum's head twice per stroke: once when stroking down towards the head, again when picking up the stick (similar to a seesaw).
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment The goal of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) space mission is to obtain accurate global and high-resolution determination of both the static and the time-variable components of the Earth's gravity field.
Gravity Research Foundation The Gravity Research Foundation, established in 1948 by businessman Roger Babson (founder of Babson College), was an organization designed to find ways to block or reduce the effect of gravity. It closed in the late 1960s, although it has maintained an annual contest rewarding essays by scientific researchers on gravity-related topics.
Gravity train A gravity train is a theoretical means of transportation intended to go between two points on the surface of a sphere, following a straight tunnel that goes directly from one point to the other through the interior of the sphere.
Gravity well In physics, and specifically with respect to the theory of general relativity, a gravity well is a distortion in space-time caused by a massive body such as a planet or star, or any other object which has mass. The term is a reference to the 3-dimensional analogy of this phenomenon: an extrusion of an otherwise 2-dimensional sheet.
Gravity-gradient stabilization Gravity-gradient stabilization is a method of stabilising artificial satellites in orbit and maintaining optimum attitude for solar power, communications and sensors. The main advantage over using active stabilisation with propellants, gyroscopes or reaction wheels is the low use of power and resources.
Gravlax Gravlax and/or Gravad lax (Swedish), also known as Graved laks (Danish), Gravlaks (Norwegian), Graavilohi (Finnish), and Graflax (Icelandic) is a Scandinavian appetizer consisting of thin sashimi-like slices of salmon cured in salt, sugar and dill.
Grawemeyer Award The Grawemeyer Award is a prestigious and lucrative award presented each year by the University of Louisville in the state of Kentucky, United States. Initiated in 1985, the award is presented to individuals in the fields of education, improving world order, music composition, religion, and psychology.
Grawp Grawp is the giant half-brother of Hagrid in the Harry Potter books. According to IMDb, in the film adaption of the book Grawp will be completely computer-generated using a new "soul capturing" process from Image Metrics.
Gray (horse) Gray is a coat color of horses, consisting of black skin, and a hair coat that is white, dappled, or white intermingled with hairs of other colors. Gray horses are usually born bay, chestnut, or black, then white hairs begin to appear at or shortly after birth and "gray out" the horse.
Gray and black four-eyed opossum The six species in the genus Philander, commonly known as gray and black four-eyed opossums, are members of the Didelphimorphia order. The common name comes from the white spots above the eyes, which can appear from a distance to be another set of eyes.
Gray and Dacre Brewery The Gray and Dacre Brewery was established in West Ham, Essex, in the first half of the 19th century. It was probably set up by John Gray (1791-1826) and a member of the Dacre family, which was resident in West Ham for several generations until the 1860s, possibly Francis Dacre, who is described on the 1841 census as a "brewer".

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