Encyclopedia

Glutathione synthetase deficiency Glutathione synthetase deficiency is a rare is a disorder that prevents the production glutathione. Glutathione helps prevent damage to cells by neutralizing harmful molecules generated during energy production.
Glutathione S-transferase The Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of enzymes comprises a long list of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins which are capable of multiple reactions with a multitude of substrates, both endogenous and xenobiotic.
Gluteal cleft The gluteal cleft is the groove or crack between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the gluteus maximus muscle. The gluteal cleft is above the location of the anus.
Gluteal gait Gluteal gait is an abnormal gait caused by neurological problems. If the superior gluteal nerve or obturator nerves are injured, they fail to control the gluteus minimus and medius muscles properly, thus producing an inability to tilt the pelvis upward while swinging the leg forward to walk.
Gluten exorphine The Gluten exorphines are a group of opioid peptides which are formed during digestion of the gluten protein. They are usually broken down into amino acids by digestion enzymes, but in some individuals they are not.
Gluten-free beer Gluten-free beer is beer made from ingredients without glycoproteins (gluten) that, for people with a variety of medical conditions, cause an autoimmune response that can lead to more serious conditions. People who have gluten intolerance (including coeliacs and dermatitis herpetiformis sufferers) have a reaction to the gliadin found in wheat and more often of significance for beer, hordein, the "gluten" of barley.
Gluten-free, casein-free diet A gluten-free casein-free diet is believed by some parents of autistic children to aid in reducing autism's symptoms. According to the theory, some children are unable to digest the protein in many cereals (gluten) or in milk (casein) completely.
Glutenin Glutenin (or glutenine) is a protein best known for its role, along with gliadin, in the creation of gluten with its disulfide inter- and intra-molecule links. It consists of 20% HMW (High-Molecular-Weight) subunits, which are relativy low in sulfur.
Glutethimide Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia. Before long, however, it had become clear that glutethimide was just as likely to cause addiction and caused similarly severe withdrawal symptoms.
Glutton Bowl The Glutton Bowl was a two-hour Fox Network eating special in 2002 sanctioned by the International Federation of Competitive Eating. The special, which was co-executive produced by Nash Entertainment and IFOCE co-founder Richard Shea, featured Mark Thompson and IFOCE co-founder George Shea as hosts/color commentators.
Gluttons for Punishment Gluttons for Punishment, released in 2005, is a double live album by the progressive rock band Spock's Beard. It was recorded during the band's Octane tour on March 18, 2005 at Colos-Saal, Aschaffenburg, Germany; March 20 at Z7, Pratteln, Switzerland; and March 21 at Substage, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Gluttony Derived from the Latin gluttire, meaning to gulp down or swallow, Gluttony is the over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or intoxicants to the point of waste. In the Christian religions, it is considered one of the seven deadly sins -- a misplaced desire of food or its withholding from the needy.
Glycal Glycal is a name for cyclic enol ether derivatives of sugars having a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the ring. The name should not be used or modified as a class name for monosaccharide derivatives having a double bond in any other position.
Glycation Glycation (sometimes called non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the result of a sugar molecule, such as fructose or glucose, bonding to a protein or lipid molecule without the controlling action of an enzyme. All blood sugars are reducing molecules.
Glycemic index Glycemic index (also glycaemic index, GI) is a ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate effect on blood glucose levels. It compares carbohydrates gram for gram in individual foods, providing a numerical, evidence-based index of postprandial (post-meal) glycemia.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GADP, GAP or PGAL, is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms. It is a phosphate ester of the 3-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde and has chemical formula C3H7O6P.
Glycerol Glycerol, also well known as glycerin and glycerine, and less commonly as propane-1,2,3-triol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol and has three hydrophilic alcoholic hydroxyl groups (OH-) that are responsible for its solubility in water.
Glycerol 3-phosphate Dehydrogenation of L-Glycerol 3-phosphate produces DHAP and is part of the entry of glycerol (sourced from triglycerides) into the glycolytic pathway. It should not be confused with the similarly named Glycerate 3-phosphate or Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology) Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) has been used to treat angina and heart failure since at least 1880. Despite this, the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) generation from GTN and the metabolic consequences of this bioactivation are still not entirely understood.
Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates is the general classification for carbohydrates covalently linked with other chemical species. Glyconjugates are very important compounds in biology and consist of many different categories such as glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids and lipopolysaccharides.
Glycogen Glycogen (commonly known as animal starch although this name is inaccurate) is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle.
Glycogen branching enzyme A glycogen branching enzyme is an enzyme taking part in the synthesis of glycogen by adding branches to the glycogen molecule. Glycogen is a branching polymer of large numbers of glucose units linked together.
Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) is a genetic disease affecting horses, especially American Quarter Horses and related breeds. Lacking an enzyme necessary for storing glycogen, the horse's heart muscle and skeletal muscles cannot function, leading to rapid death.
Glycogenolysis Glycogenolysis is the catabolism of glycogen by removal of a glucose monomer and addition of phosphate to produce glucose-1-phosphate. This derivative of glucose is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate, a potent intermediate in glycolysis.
Glycol ethers Glycol ethers are a group of solvents based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, also sometimes called Cellosolve. These solvents typically have higher boiling point, together with the favorable solvent properties of lower molecular weight ethers and alcohols.
Glycolic acid Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA). It appears in the form of a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and related solvents.
Glycomics Glycomics, or glycobiology is a discipline of biology that deals with the structure and function of oligosaccharides (chains of sugars). The term glycomics is derived from the chemical prefix for sweetness or a sugar, "glyco-", and was formed to follow the naming convention established by genomics (which deals with genes) and proteomics (which deals with proteins).
Glyconic Glyconic, (from Glycon, a Greek lyric poet), a form of verse, best known in Catullus and Horace (usually in the catalectic variety a), with three feet, a spondee and two dactyls; or four, three trochees and a dactyl, or a dactyl and three chorees. Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb pointed out that the last form might be varied by placing the dactyl second or third, and according to its place this verse was called a First, Second or Third Glyconic.
Glycophorin C Glycophorin C (GYPC; CD236/CD236R; glycoprotein beta; glycoconnectin; PAS-2') is an integral membrane protein of the erythrocyte and acts as the receptor for the Plasmodium falciparum protein PfEBP-2 (erythrocyte binding protein 2; baebl; EBA-140).
Glycoprotein 130 Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of type I cytokine receptors within the IL-6 receptor family.
Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. This unit consists of an N-acetyl-hexosamine and a hexose or hexuronic acid, either or both of which may be sulfated.
Glycoside hydrolase Glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage to generate two smaller sugars. They are extremely common enzymes with roles in nature including degradation of biomass such as cellulose and hemicellulose, in anti-bacterial defense strategies (eg lysozyme, in pathogenesis mechanisms (eg viral neuraminidases) and in normal cellular function (eg trimming mannosidases involved in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis).
Glycosylated hemoglobin Glycosylated (or glycated) hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, Hb1c , HbA1c or HgA1c) is a form of hemoglobin used primarily to identify the plasma glucose concentration over time. Its name is sometimes abbreviated to A1C.
Glycosylation Glycosylation is the process or result of addition of saccharides to proteins and lipids. The process is one of four principal co-translational and post-translational modification steps in the synthesis of membrane and secreted proteins and the majority of proteins synthesized in the rough ER undergo glycosylation.
Glycosyltransferase Glycosyltransferases are enzymes (EC 2.4) that act as a catalyst for the transfer of a monosaccharide unit from an activated sugar phosphate (known as the "glycosyl donor") to an acceptor molecule, usually an alcohol.
Glycylcycline Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance, namely resistance mediated by acquired efflux pumps and/or ribosomal protection.
Glyder Fach Glyder Fach is a mountain in Snowdonia, Wales, the second highest in the Glyderau. Routes to the summit lead from Tryfan and Bristly Ridge to the north, via Glyder Fawr from Pen-y-Pass to the south, and along the Glyder ridge to the east, towards Capel Curig.
Glymdrápa Glymdrápa ("Drápa of dinAnthony Faulkes gives the following meanings for glymr : "resounding noise", "roaring", "din". The word is frequently used in kennings for battle (see Jörmungrund).
Glyn Barnett Dr Glyn Cawley Daer Barnett (born 1 December 1970) is a British international rifleman who won a shooting Gold Medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. As a physician, he serves as a specialist registrar at the West Middlesex University Hospital, London.
Glyn Ceiriog Glyn Ceiriog is a village in the Ceiriog Valley to the west of Chirk in north-east Wales. Its traditional full name is "Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog", which can be translated to the "Church of Saint Ffraid in the Ceiriog Valley".
Glyn Daniel Glyn Edmund Daniel (23 April, 1914–13 December, 1986) was a British archaeologist who specialised in the European Neolithic and made some of the earliest efforts to popularise the subject on radio and television.
Glyn Ford Glyn Ford (born January 28, 1950 in Gloucester) is a member of the European Parliament for South West England for the Labour Party. He has been a member of the European Parliament since 1984, originally for Greater Manchester East, then from 1999 as one of the members for South West England.
Glyn Hodges Glyn Hodges (born 30 April, 1963 in Streatham, is a Welsh football manager and former player, currently managing the Blackburn Rovers reserve team. He played 18 times for the Welsh national side, scoring twice.
Glyncorrwg Glyncorrwg is a village set in the Afan Valley, south Wales. Glyncorrwg is also the name of an electoral ward and a community covering the village and surrounding countryside, in Neath Port Talbot county borough.
Glynde Glynde is a village and civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England. It is located two miles (5km) east of Lewes, north of the A27 road, although it was once on the turnpike between Lewes and Eastbourne.
Glyndyfrdwy railway station Glyndyfrdwy railway station in Denbighshire, Wales, was formerly a station on the Ruabon to Barmouth line. It closed to passengers on Monday 18th January 1965 but has since reopened as a passing station on the preserved Llangollen Railway.
Glyne Gap Glyne Gap is a strip of marshland that separates the conurbations of Hastings and Bexhill-on-Sea, which abrubtly end on either side. The southern boundary is formed by the A259 road, the East Coastway railway line, and the sea.
Glynis Nunn Glynis Nunn (born December 4, 1960) is a former Australian heptathlete, the first Olympic champion in the event. Born Glynis Saunders in Toowoomba, Queensland, she began competing in athletics at age 9, when she was a student at Toowoomba South State School.
Glynn Isaac Glynn Llywelyn Isaac (1937-1985) was a South African archaeologist who specialised in the very early prehistory of Africa. He has been called the most influential africanist of the last half century, and his papers on human movement and behavior are still cited in studies a quarter of a century later.
Glynn Ross Glynn Ross (born December 15, 1914, Omaha, Nebraska – died July 21, 2005, Tucson, Arizona) was an American opera impresario. Ross was the first general director of the Seattle Opera, serving that company from 1963 to 1983, and the second general director of the Arizona Opera, from 1983 to 1998.
Glynneath Glynneath (alternatively Glyn-Neath, Welsh: Cwmnedd or Glyn-nedd), is a small town in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, traditional county of Glamorgan, south Wales, lying on the River Neath. Glynneath is also the name of a community and an electoral ward coterminal with the town.
Glynnis McDaris Glynnis McDaris (born 1979) is an American photographer, video artist, and musician from Memphis, Tennessee. She graduated high school and moved to New York City at age 16, where she attended Pratt Institute in NYC.
Glynnis Talken Campbell Glynnis Talken Campbell (born in California) is a romance author, musician and voiceover artist. Campbell studied music at California State University, Chico where she met husband and professional musician Rich Campbell.
Glyoxysome Glyoxysomes are membrane-bound organelles found in plants, particularly in the fat storage tissues of germinating seeds. Glyoxysomes contain enzymes that initiate the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to sugars, which the emerging seedling uses as an energy and carbon source until it is able to produce its own sugar by photosynthesis.
Glypheoidea The Glypheoidea (containing the glypheoid lobsters), is a group of lobster-like decapod crustaceans which forms an important part of fossil faunas, such as the Solnhofen limestone. These fossils included taxa such as Glyphea (from which the group takes its name), and Mecochirus, mostly with elongated (often semichelate) chelipeds.
Glyptoperichthys Glyptoperichthys is a genus of the family Loricariidae of order Siluriformes The type species is Glyptoperichthys lituratus (originally known as Ancistrus lituratus). Distinctive features of this genus, extra to that of the Loricariidae, include a large supraoccipital crest (or 'nuchal hump') and evertible cheek plates with odontodes, a large dorsal fin with more than 9 fin rays and prominent nostrils (nasal flares).
Glyptostrobus Glyptostrobus pensilis, also known as Chinese Swamp Cypress, is the sole living species in the genus Glyptostrobus. It is native to subtropical southeastern China, from Fujian west to southeast Yunnan, and also very locally in northern Vietnam.
Glyptothek The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence Glypto-, from the Greek root glyphein, to carve). It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830.
GL Golf GL Golf is a 3D Golf game with a realistic physics system and a great graphics, with all the features of a true golf game, such as 234 different holes, obstacles like sand traps, water, and trees, an internet highscore list, game saving, driving range and great music!
GLAAD Media Awards The GLAAD Media Awards were created in 1990 by the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation to recognize and honor the media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representations of the LGBT community and the issues that affect their lives.
GLARE (material) GLARE is a "GLAss-REinforced" Fibre Metal Laminate (FML), composed of several very thin layers of metal (usually aluminium) interspersed with layers of glass-fibre "pre-preg", bonded together with a matrix such as epoxy. The uni-directional pre-preg layers may be aligned in different directions to suit the predicted stress conditions.
GLASSsHRIMP gLASSsHRiMP is a London based collective which publishes a magazine; promotes club nights and presents a weekly radio show on resonance 104.4fm (london) which all feature independent musicians, artists, writers and performers.
GLBTTQ Community Centre of Ottawa The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Trans, Two-Spirit, and Queer Community Centre of Ottawa is an incorporated non-profit organization which works towards providing a community centre for the LGBT community in Ottawa, the capital of Canada.
GLEE The OpenGL Easy Extension library (GLee) automatically links OpenGL extensions and core functions at initialisation time. This saves programmers the effort of manually linking every required extension, and effectively brings the OpenGL library up to date.
GLEEP GLEEP, which stood for Graphite Low Energy Experimental Pile, was a long-lived experimental British nuclear reactor. Run for the first time on August 15 1947, it was the first reactor to operate in Western Europe.
GLIMPSE GLIMPSE is a text indexing and retrieval software program originally developed at the University of Arizona by Udi Manber, Sun Wu, and Burra Gopal. A web server version called WebGlimpse is now being maintained under a pay per line licence.
GLOBCOVER In geography, GLOBCOVER is a two-year project whose goal is to develop the sharpest map of Earth's global land cover. The project will contribute information relevant to land use, ecosystems and climate change.
GLOBE Program The GLOBE Program or Programme is a worldwide, hands-on, primary and secondary school-based education and science program. It seeks to teach young students experimental skills using real experiments and equipment and collaboration with students in a global network of over a hundred other participating nations.
GLOBIO GLOBIO® is the registered name for the American nonprofit charity the Foundation for Global Biodiversity Education for Children, founded by award-winning environmental photographer Gerry Ellis in 2001. GLOBIO’s tagline, “Where Kids Discover the World” describes much about who they are and what they do.
GLOSS "G"enerally "L"oquacious "O"verly "S"implistic marketing "S"peak, is a term used often in conjunction with COTS, commercial-off-the-shelf software. Loquacious is defined by dictionary.
GLR parser In computer science, a GLR parser (Generalized LR parser) is an extension of an LR parser algorithm to handle nondeterministic and ambiguous grammars. First described in a 1986 paper by Masaru Tomita, it has also been referred to as a "parallel parser".
GLSL GLSL - OpenGL Shading Language also known as GLslang is a high level shading language based on the C programming language. It was created by the OpenGL ARB to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline without having to use assembly language or hardware-specific languages.
GLUG GLUG is the acronym for Grupo de Usuarios de GNU/Linux da Galiza (Galizan GNU/Linux Users' Group), which as the name suggests is a group of GNU/Linux users with pan-galaican aims. It is one of several (the exact number is unknown) such groups in Galiza, although alongside with AGNIX it is the only one which tries to encompass all the country.
GLUI GLUI is a GLUT-based C++ user interface library which provides controls such as buttons, checkboxes, radio buttons, and spinners to OpenGL applications. It is window- and operating system independent, relying on GLUT to handle all system-dependent issues, such as window and mouse management.
GLUT2 GLUT 2 is a transmembrane protein which is involved in passive transport of glucose over cellular membranes of Liver, beta cells, hypothalamus, basolateral membrane small intestine. It has high capacity but low affinity (high Km, ca.
GLV GLV is an acronym for Gained Life Value, a term originally composed by Abderisak Adam, a well known study coach and entrepreneur in the field of education. Your GLV shows how well you've optimized your time in regards to your life span, albeit the term is used in the field of time management and often with regards to ones sleeping behavior.
GLV-8 Australia's first regional television station, GLV-10 began transmission Saturday December 9, 1961. It was the first user of all Australian made broadcasting equipment from Amalgamated Wireless Australasia (AWA).
GLX GLX (initialism for "OpenGL Extension to the X Window System") provides the 'glue' connecting OpenGL and the X Window System: it enables programs wishing to use OpenGL to do so within a window provided by the X Window System.
GĹ‚Ăłwny ZarzÄ…d Informacji Wojska Polskiego GĹ‚Ăłwny ZarzÄ…d Informacji Wojska Polskiego (GZI WP - "Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army"), was a name of a first military Police and counter-espionage organ in communist Poland after the World War II. It is also well known as Informacja Wojskowa ("Military Information").
Głogów County Głogów County or Powiat of Głogów (in Polish powiat głogowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government in the Lower Silesian Voivodship in Poland, created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998 (see: powiat).
Głogówek Głogówek (German: Oberglogau, earlier Klein Glogau or Kraut Glogau, Czech: Horny Glogov) is a city in Poland located in Opole Voivodeship in Upper Silesia. The city lies approximately 35 km (22 mi) from Opole, the capital of the voivodeship, and is about 10 km (6 mi) from the Czech border.
GmailFS GmailFS is a virtual filesystem developed by Richard Jones which allows users to mount and use their Gmail email account's storage as a local disk drive. GmailFS is written for Linux, but Windows ports do exist.
Gmax Gmax was a 3D modeling application based on Discreet's award winning 3D Studio Max (3DS Max) used by professional computer graphics artists. Whereas 3DS Max is a comprehensive modeling, animation, and rendering package with some secondary post-production and compositing features, Gmax is much more limited due to its singular intended use—game content creation.
GM "old-look" transit bus The GM "old-look" transit bus was introduced in 1940 by Yellow Coach beginning with the production of the model TG-3201 bus. Yellow Coach was an early bus builder that was partially owned by General Motors (GM) before being purchased outright in 1943 and folded into the GM Truck Division to form the GM Truck & Coach Division.
GM 5L40-E transmission The 5L40-E (and similar 5L50) are a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for longitudinal engine configurations, the series includes 5 forward gears and is used in the GM Sigma platform vehicles from Cadillac, as well as the Pontiac Solstice and Holden Commodore.
GM 60-Degree V6 engine The General Motors 60° V6 family of engines began with the 1980 Chevrolet 2.8 L V6 and continues to be produced today (if one doesn't count a larger block casting with larger bore center and new cylinder heads).
GM 6L50 transmission The 6L50 (and similar 6L45) is a 6-speed longitudinally-mounted automatic transmission produced by General Motors. It is very similar in design to the larger 6L80/6L90, and will be produced at the GM Powertrain plant in Strasbourg, France.
GM 6L80 transmission The 6L80 (and similar 6L90) is a 6-speed automatic transmission built by General Motors at their Willow Run Transmission plant, in Ypsilanti, MI. It was introduced in late 2005, and is very similar in design to the smaller 6L45/6L50, produced at GM Powertrain in Strasbourg, France.
GM A platform The General Motors A platform (commonly called A-body) was a mid-size car automobile platform. The A-bodies evolved from rear wheel drive compact cars to front wheel drive mid-size cars over the course of 35 years.
GM A platform (FWD) The General Motors A platform (commonly called the A-body) was a mid-size car automobile platform. The A-bodies evolved from rear wheel drive compact cars to front wheel drive mid-size cars over the course of 35 years.
GM A platform (RWD) The General Motors A platform (commonly called A-body) was a mid-size car automobile platform. The A-bodies evolved from rear wheel drive compact cars to front wheel drive mid-size cars over the course of 35 years.
GM Atlas engine Atlas is a name for a family of modern inline piston engines for trucks from General Motors. The series debuted in 2002 with the Chevrolet TrailBlazer, and is also used in the Chevrolet Colorado and their GMC twins, the Envoy and Canyon.
GM Colmotores GM Colmotores is a car company based in Bogotá, Colombia Estbalished in 1957, they began manufacturing, under license, British AUstins. In 1965, Chrysler Corporation took a 60% stake in the company, which manufactured Chrysler cars under license until 1979.
GM Daewoo GM Daewoo Auto & Technology (GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, South Korea. After changing its name to Saenara Motor in 1962, Saenara Motor was bought by Shinjin Industrial in 1965, which changed its name to Shinjin Motor after establishing collaborations with Toyota.
GM Delta platform Delta is General Motors' new compact front-wheel drive automobile and crossover SUV platform, replacing the GM J platform and the Z platform used by the Saturn S-Series. The platform debuted in the 2003 Saturn ION.
GM E platform The General Motors E platform (commonly called the E-body) was a personal luxury car automobile platform produced from 1966 to 2002. It was essentially identical to Cadillac's K platform, but that was dedicated to sedans, while all E-bodies were coupés.
GM food controversy The GM food controversy is a dispute over the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified food crops. This article discusses the benefits and risks, as well as economic arguments for and against GM food.
GM F platform The F platform, or F-body, was General Motors' small rear-wheel drive automobile platform from 1967 until 2002. It was based partially on the GM X platform, which was used for compact applications instead of the sporting intent of the F-Body.
GM Family II engine The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in late 1970s for use in the Opel Ascona B and Opel Kadett D. Over time, the engine block has evolved to include many modern features such as DOHC and fuel injection.
GM Global A platform Global A is a new universal platform to be debuted by Opel for the 2008 Opel Vectra. Global A will be a one-size-fits-all platform that specifies common power train and electronic ECUs for many of GM's future vehicles.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.