Encyclopedia

History (The Verve song) "History" is a song by British rock band The Verve, and is featured on their second album, A Northern Soul. It was released 18 September 1995 as the third and final single from the album charting at #24 in the UK Singles Chart (see 1995 in British music).
History and philosophy of science The history and philosophy of science (HPS) is an academic discipline that encompasses the philosophy of science and the history of science. Although many scholars in the field are trained primarily as historians or philosophers, there are degree-granting departments of HPS at several prominent universities (see below).
History and use of the Single Transferable Vote The history and usage of the Single Transferable Vote voting system has been a series of relatively modest periods of usage and disusage throughout the world, however today it is seeing increasing popularity and proposed implementation as a method of electoral reform. The Single Transferable Vote has been used in many different local, regional and national electoral systems, as well as in various other types of bodies, around the world.
History Aptitude Test The History Aptitude Test, or HAT, is a standardized test used as part of the admissions process to Oxford University for undergraduates applying to read History, or a subject including history, for example English with History.
History by period Historical Eras, or classification of history, culture, and such into thematic groups involving time, so as to generate a history by period are intellectual constructs (categories) consisting of certain sets of common characteristics used by researchers, teachers, and academics when communicating about the past, it's characteristics and attributes, and the like. These are loosely defined terms in a general sense and the meaning of a term used by a sociologist may not agree with the definition as applied by a historical archelogist or historian or literature professor as differing disciplines generally look toward classification factors inside their own fields and characteristics understudy within those needs.
History Detectives History Detectives is a television program on PBS. A group of researchers (listed below) help people to seek answers to various historical questions they have, usually centering around a family heirloom, an old house or other historic object or structure.
History from below History from below is a level of historical narrative which was developed as a result of the Annales School and popularised in the 1960s. This form of social history focuses on the perspectives of ordinary individuals within society as well as individuals and regions that were not previously considered historically important.
History Graduate Students Association (University of Ottawa) The HGSA, or History Graduate Students Association (AEDH ou Association des étudiant(e)s diplômé(e)s en histoire en français) is the official association representing graduate students (both Masters and Doctoral candidates) in the Department of History at the [[University of Ottawa] in [[Ottawa, Canada]
History in For Want of a Nail For Want of a Nail: If Burgoyne Had Won at Saratoga is an alternate history novel by Robert Sobel that takes the form of a history of North America from 1763 to 1971. Over the course of its 441 pages, For Want of a Nail details the failure of the American Revolution and recounts the history of the two nations that result: the Confederation of North America and the United States of Mexico.
History International History International is a digital cable television channel that features historical documentaries with an international focus, presented with a strong Christian bias and Westerncentric view. It is a sister network to The History Channel.
History IQ History IQ was a game show on the History Channel which premiered on October 2, 2000 and aired for two seasons. Marc Summers and Harvey were reunited and continued their original roles as host and announcer, respectively from their previous Nickelodeon game show, Double Dare.
History Journal A history journal is an academic serial publication designed to present new scholarship on a historical subject, usually a subfield of history, with articles generally being subjected to peer review. For example, Eidola deals with the history of art in ancient times; Le Cygne covers the poetry of Marie de France.
History Line: 1914-1918 History Line: 1914-1918 (released in USA by SSI as Great War: 1914-1918) is a turn-based strategy computer game developed in the 1990s by the German team Blue Byte Software. The storyline takes the player through various battles of the First World War.
History Monks The Order of Wen the Eternally Surprised, better known as the History Monks, and also sometimes referred to as the Men In Saffron (see Men in Black) and No Such Monastery (see NSA), is a highly secretive religious organisation in the Discworld novels of Terry Pratchett, based in the Monastery of Oi-Dong. They are one of a large number of monastic orders that occupy the high Ramtops
History News Network History News Network (HNN) is a project of the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University. Although the HNN resides on GMU's server, it operates independently of the university as a non-profit corporation registered in Washington State.
History of 19th Century congressional redistricting in Ohio The redistricting of United States congressional districts is made by the legislatures of the states every 10 years, immediately following the official announcement of the federal census that serves as the basis of the apportionment. It was long the practice that the apportionment thus made stood until after the next decennial census.
History of abortion The history of abortion, according to anthropologists, dates back to ancient times. There is evidence to suggest that, historically, pregnancies were terminated through a number of methods, including the administration of abortifacient herbs, the use of sharpened implements, the application of abdominal pressure, and other techniques.
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand Aerial topdressing is the spreading of fertilisers such as superphosphate over farmland with the use of aircraft. Aerial topdressing was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s and was rapidly adopted elsewhere in the 1950s.
History of agricultural science Agronomy and the related disciplines of agricultural science today are very different from what they were before about 1950. Intensification of agriculture since the 1960s in developed and developing countries, often referred to as the Green Revolution, was closely tied to progress made in selecting and improving crops and animals for high productivity, as well as to developing additional inputs such as artificial fertilizers and phytosanitary products.
History of alcohol The history of alcohol in the ancient world extends back before recorded time. Although no one knows when beverage alcohol was first used, it was presumably the result of an accident that occurred at least tens of thousands of years ago.
History of anarchism Anarcho-primitivists assert that, for the longest period before recorded history, human society was organized on anarchist principles. However, there is debate over the anthropological evidence to support this.
History of anatomy The history of anatomy as a science extends from the earliest examinations of sacrificial victims to the sophisticated analyses of the body performed by modern scientists. It has been marked, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body.
History of anatomy in the 19th century The 19th century saw anatomists largely finalise and systematise the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century. The discipline also progressed to establish growing sources of knowledge in histology and developmental biology, not only of humans but also of animals.
History of ancient Egypt The history of ancient Egypt began around 3100 BC when Egypt became a unified Egyptian state, but archaeological evidence indicates that a developed society had formed much earlier. It survived as an independent state until about 343 BC.
History of ancient Israel and Judah In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources. These include texts such as the Jewish Tanakh (the Christian Old Testament), the Talmud, the Ethiopian Kebra Nagast, the writings of Nicolaus of Damascus, Artapanas, Philo of Alexandria and Josephus, and other minor authors and citations, most of whom were writing many hundreds of years (and some, thousands of years) after the events they claim to describe.
History of ancient Israel and Judah (1000-63 BCE) The historical background of Jesus is the history of the Jewish people leading up to the 1st century CE. Many concepts and factions that are relevant to the understanding of the historical Jesus date back a thousand years or more before his birth.
History of animal testing The History of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Greeks in the third and fourth centuries BC, with Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus (304-258 BC) among the first to perform experiments on living animals (Cohen and Loew 1984). Galen, a physician in second-century Rome, dissected pigs and goats, and is known as the "father of vivisection.
History of anime The history of anime begins at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in the West. Though filmmakers in Japan experimented with animation earlier, the first widely popular anime series was Osamu Tezuka's Astro Boy (1963).
History of anthropology The anthropologist Eric Wolf once characterized anthropology as the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the social sciences. Understanding how anthropology developed contributes to understanding how it fits into other academic disciplines.
History of antisemitism The history of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against the Jews as a religious or ethnic group goes back many centuries. This article notes significant events in the history of antisemitism, which has been called "the longest hatred.
History of artificial intelligence This is a sub-article of Artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the development and History of artificial intelligence. The quest for artificial intelligence has made steady progress since at least the 1950s.
History of artificial life The idea of human artifacts being given life has fascinated mankind for as long as men have been recording their myths and stories. Whether Pygmalion or Frankenstein, mankind has been fascinated with the idea of artificial life.
History of astrology The History of astrology encompasses a great span of human history and many cultures. The belief in a connection between the heavenly bodies and the lives of people has also played an important part in human history.
History of astronomy Astronomy is probably the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious practices of pre-history: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with astronomy, and not completely different from it until about 1750‑1800 in the Western World. Early astronomy involved observing the regular patterns of the motions of visible celestial objects, especially the Sun, Moon, stars and naked eye planets.
History of atheism Although the term atheism originated in the 16th century, and open admission to positive atheism in modern times was not made earlier than in the late 18th century, atheistic ideas and beliefs, as well as their political influence, have a more expansive history.
History of Acton, Massachusetts Acton is a small town west of Boston in an area that has records of human habitation which stretch back 7000 years. Acton citizens had a significant role in the battle of Battle of Lexington and Concord, the prelude to the American Revolution.
History of Afghanistan Excavation of prehistoric sites by Louis Dupree, the University of Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Institute and others suggests that early humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in Afghanistan were among the earliest in the world.Nancy Hatch Dupree - An Historical Guide To Afghanistan - Sites in Perspective (Chapter 3)...
History of Afghanistan since 1992 After the Soviets withdrew completely from Afghanistan in February 1989, fighting between the communist backed government and mujahideen continued. With material help from the Soviets, Mohammad Najibullah's government survived, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was overthrown on April 18, 1992 as the forces of Ahmed Shah Massoud and Abdul Rashid Dostum captured Kabul.
History of Alaska The history of Alaska (as part of the United States) began in 1867, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period (around 12,000 BCE). The earliest inhabitants were Asiatic groups who crossed the Bering Land Bridge into what is now western Alaska.
History of Albanians in Maine In the early 20th century, the US mill industry began recruiting weavers from Southern Mediterranean countries skilled in patterns new to American consumers. Many men from Albania and Turkey left their homelands to work the mills of Southern Maine.
History of All My Children (1970-1979) When All My Children first premiered on January 5, 1970, the core families on the program were the Martins, the Tylers, the Brents, and the Kanes. One stand-out character was Susan Lucci's Erica Kane, destined to break up the romance of classmates Tara Martin (Karen Lynn Gorney) and Phil Brent (Richard Hatch) so she could have Phil all to herself.
History of All My Children (1980-1989) The early 1980s was a golden period for the show. Interesting younger characters, such as Jenny Gardner and Greg Nelson (Kim Delaney, Laurence Lau), Liza Colby (Marcy Walker), Jesse Hubbard (Darnell Williams), Angie Baxter (Debbi Morgan) and a now-grown-up Tad Martin (Michael E.
History of All My Children (1990-1999) As All My Children started a new decade, the show was faced with many actor defections, including longtime favorites such as Peter Bergman, Taylor Miller, and Debbi Morgan. The writing team stayed the same, under the direction of Wisner Washam, but the ABC daytime drama department wished to elevate Megan McTavish to the role of head writer (she had been affiliated with the show since 1987).
History of American football The history of American football is an important part of both the culture of the United States and the broader history of various football games around the world, in which a ball is kicked at a goal and/or or carried over a line.
History of Andorra Andorra is the last independent survivor of the Marca Hispanica, the buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Islamic Moors from advancing into Christian France. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors.
History of Anglo-Saxon England The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Conquest by the Normans in 1066. The 5th and 6th centuries are known archaeologically as Sub-Roman Britain, or in popular history as the "Dark Ages"; from the 6th century larger distinctive kingdoms are developing, still known to some as the Heptarchy; the arrival of the Vikings at the end of the 8th century brought many changes to Britain, and relations with the continent were important right up to the 'end' of Anglo-Saxon England, traditionally held to be the Norman Conquest.
History of Anguilla Anguilla was first settled in pre-history by Amerindian tribes who migrated from South America. The date of European discovery is uncertain: some sources claim that Columbus sighted the island in 1493, while others state that the island was first discovered by the French in 1564 or 1565.
History of Ankara The history of Ankara can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, then by the Lydians and Persians. It is probable that there was a Hittite settlement where Ankara castle is today and there are prehistoric mounds in several parts of the city.
History of Arab Egypt During the initial Islamic invasion in 639 AD, Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Ummayad Caliphs in Damascus but, in 747, the Ummayads were overthrown and the power of the Arabs slowly began to weaken. Although Egypt remained under the nominal rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, its rulers were able to establish quasi-independent dynasties, such as those of the Tulunids and the Ikhshidids.
History of Arizona The first Native Americans arrived in Arizona between 16,000 BC and 10,000 BCE, while the history of Arizona as recorded by Europeans began when Marcos de Niza, a Franciscan, explored the area in 1539. Coronado's expedition entered the area in 1540–1542 during its search for Cíbola.
History of Armenia The history of Armenia is rich and stretches back to prehistoric times. Although the Armenians were often subjugated to nearby powers, they never gave up their national identity, and always tried to reaffirm their sovereignty over their ancestral lands.
History of Aruba Aruba's first inhabitants were the Caquetios Indians from the Arawak tribe, who migrated there from Venezuela to escape attacks by the Caribs. Fragments of the earliest known Indian settlements date back to about 1,000 A.
History of Assam The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of peoples from the east, west and the north; the confluence of the Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman cultures. Politically, it has been invaded, but has never served as a vassal or a colony to an external power till the advent of the Burmese in 1821 and subsequently the British in 1826.
History of Atari ST games During the age of the home computer, computer games were an important part of the software landscape. While its main competitor, the Commodore Amiga, had better hardware support for games, the Atari ST's aggressive pricing and a head start in the marketplace insured that the ST still had a large selection of games during its prime years.
History of Auburn University Auburn University was chartered by the Alabama Legislature as the East Alabama Male College on May 6, 1856, under the guidance of the Methodist Church. However, from its very first day, it has always been called "Auburn.
History of Auckland The History of Auckland (here in the sense of the greater Auckland region), stretches from early Māori settlers in the 14th century to the first European explorers in the late 18th century, over a short stretch as the official capital of (European-settled) New Zealand in the middle of the 19th century to its current position as fastest-growing and commercially dominating metropolis.
History of Austin, Texas The recorded history of Austin, Texas began with the first permanent settlement of the area in 1835. In the late 19th century, the establishment of several universities in the city made Austin a center of education.
History of Australia The history of Australia began when people first migrated to the Australian continent from the north, at least 40,000-45,000 years ago. The written history of Australia began when Dutch explorers first sighted the country in the 17th century.
History of Australia (1788-1850) The history of Australia from 1788-1850 covers the early colonies period of Australia's history, from the first English settlement and penal colony at Port Jackson in 1788 to the establishment of other colonies and the spread of settlers.
History of Australia (1851-1900) The history of Australia from 1851 - 1900 continues Australia's colonial history, the discovery of gold in 1851 which led to increased economic and political independence from Britain and a great debate about federation.
History of Australian cricket to 1850 This article describes the History of Australian cricket to 1850. It was in March 1850 that the Melbourne Cricket Club issued a challenge to the Launceston Cricket Club for a match that was eventually played in the 1850-51 season.
History of Australian rules football The history of Australian rules football began in Melbourne in 1858, with a call by Tom Wills to develop a local code of football and the formation of the Melbourne Football Club. What is considered to be the first match of Australian rules football was played at the Richmond Paddock on 31 July and the oldest surviving set of laws were drawn up the next year on 17 May 1859.
History of Ayurveda Ayurveda is a comprehensive, holistic system of medicine originating and mostly practised in India. While its origins are found in the Rig Veda, its major texts are by Charaka, whose biographic details are obscured in history.
History of Ayyavazhi The History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi a religion originated in mid-ninteenth century in Southern India. Ayyavazhi came to be noticed by large number of people gathering to worship Ayya Vaikundar in the middle of the 19th century.
History of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan or Azarbeijan (Azerbaijani: Azerbaycan, Azerbeycan) is historically and geographically Eurasian and stretches from the Caucasus region, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea, to the Zagros in Iran. The region is something of a borderland between what is considered Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia.
History of biology The history of biology traces human understanding of the living world from the earliest recorded history to modern times. Though the concept of biology as a single coherent field of knowledge only arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to the ancient Greeks (particularly Galen and Aristotle, respectively).
History of bipolar disorder Varying moods and energy levels have been a part of the human experience since time immemorial. The words "depression" (previously "melancholia") and "mania" have their etymologies in Ancient Greek.
History of brassieres The history of the bra is inextricably intertwined with the social history of the status of women. Therefore it is important to realize how fashion has evolved, and how changing views of the body and especially the breasts have shaped that fashion.
History of Baden The history of Baden as a state began in the 12th century, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. A fairly inconsequential margraviate that was divided between various branches of its ruling family for much of its history, it gained both status and territory during the Napoleonic era, when it was also raised to a grand duchy.
History of Bahrain The name Bahrain comes from Arabic Bahárayn, literally meaning 'two seas'. According to Iranian nationalists, it is thought to be an inaccurate folk etymology for the much older, non-Semitic term, Bahran; according to some scholars Bahran originates from Varahrdn, the later form of the old Avestan Verethragna — a Zoroastrian divinity that is the hypostasis of victory.
History of Ball State University The History of Ball State University predates Ball State University's public-funding era by almost two decades. Previous educational institutions operated at the intersection of University and McKinley avenues before 1918.
History of Bangladesh Bangladesh became one of the youngest major nation states following a pair of twentieth century secessions from India (1947) and Pakistan (1971). The region's history combines Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Mughal, Persian, Turkic and British influences.
History of Bangladeshi cricket to 2000 The history of cricket in Bangladesh may seem short when the "inaugural first-class match" was as recent as October 1999 but in fact the area has a long cricketing history that has been distorted by political change.
History of Barbados British who landed on Barbados in the 1620s at the site of present-day Holetown on the Caribbean coast found the island uninhabited. Though it is believed that groups of Amerindians may have lived on the island, arriving in Barbados by way of the Atlantic Ocean.
History of Basse-Normandie The History of Basse-Normandie concerns that part of Normandy termed Basse-Normandie (or "Lower Normandy") that was created in 1956, when the traditional region of Normandy, with an integral history reaching back to the 10th century, was divided into Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie. The region comprises three départements, Calvados, Manche and Orne.
History of Bavaria The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement through its inclusion in the Roman and Holy Roman Empires to its status as an independent kingdom and, finally, as a large and significant Bundesland (state) of the modern Federal Republic of Germany.
History of Beijing There were cities in the vicinities of Beijing by the 1st millennium BC, and the capital of the State of Yan, one of the powers of the Warring States Period (473-221 BC), Ji (T: č–Š / S: č“ź), was established in present-day Beijing.
History of Bengal The history of Bengal (including Bangladesh and West Bengal) dates back four millennia.To some extent, the Ganga] and the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra rivers separated it from the mainland of India, though at times, Bengal has played an important role in Indian history.
History of Bermuda This is the history of Bermuda. See also the History of Virginia, history of the Americas, History of the Turks and Caicos Islands, English colonization of the Americas, History of North America, history of the Caribbean and History of present-day nations and states.
History of Berne From her inauspicious beginnings as a Celtic settlement in pre-Roman Central Europe, the city of Berne grew to become an aristocratic city republic and a major power in the Old Swiss Confederacy. During her heyday in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, her imperial reach extended over large parts of what is today central and western Switzerland.
History of Bikaner Bikaner (princely state) was founded in the 15th century and persisted until shortly after India's Independence in 1947. Earlier this region was known as Jangladesh which was a region of northern Rajasthan state in India.
History of Blake's 7 Blake's 7 was a British science fiction television programme, made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for their BBC1 channel, that ran for four seasons between 1978 and 1981. It was created by Terry Nation, a prolific television writer, best known for creating the popular Dalek monsters for the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who.
History of Bohemia Bohemia became a part of the Habsburg Lands (later - after 1810 - unofficially known as the Austrian Empire) in 1526 ( when the young Bohemian king, Ludvik, died in the well-known Battle of Mohacs against Turks), when Bohemian Parliament voted for Ferdinand of Habsburg as the king of Bohemia. The Bohemian state and the Bohemian Crown (which included Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia) never lost their independence in juristic terms, but Habsburg kings drove centralisation, strong government, Germanification and eventually the annihilation of Bohemian political elites and Bohemian parliament.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918) Though an Austro-Hungarian occupying force quickly subjugated initial armed resistance upon take-over, tensions remained in certain parts of the country (particularly Herzegovina) and a mass emigration of predominantly Muslim dissidents occurred. However, a state of relative stability was reached soon enough and Austro-Hungarian authorities were able to embark on a number of social and administrative reforms which intended to make Bosnia and Herzegovina into a "model colony".
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1918–1941) Following the war, Bosnia was incorporated into the South Slav kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). Political life in Bosnia at this time was marked by two major trends: social and economic unrest over property redistribution, and formation of several political parties that frequently changed coalitions and alliances with parties in other Yugoslav regions.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1941–1945) Once the kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the Nazi-puppet state of Croatia. The Nazi rule over Bosnia led to widespread persecution, murder, and near-total annihilation of the Jewish population, while the NDH Croatian state also specifically persecuted the country's Serbs.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1945–1992) Because of its central geographic position within the Yugoslavian federation, post-war Bosnia was strategically selected as a base for the development of the military defense industry. This contributed to a large concentration of arms and military personnel in Bosnia; a significant factor in the war that followed the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (958–1463) The Byzantines restored control over Bosnia at the end of 10th century, but not for long as it was soon taken by the Czar of Bulgarians Samuil. In 1019 the Byzantine Emperor Basil II, after he defeat of Samuilo, forced Serbian and Croatian rulers to acknowledge Byzantine sovereignty.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 958) Bosnia and Herzegovina has been inhabited at least since Neolithic Period (before 10,000 years ago). In the early Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes, the Illyrians.
History of Botswana The Batswana (plural of "Motswana"), a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group (called the "Tswana" in South Africa). Prior to European contact, the Batswana lived as herders and farmers under tribal rule.
History of Brazil (1964-1985) The military maintained power in Brazil from 1964 until March 1985 because of political struggles within the regime and Brazilian elite. Although most historians state that the coup was merely a consequence of the regime's behavior in the final years, others argue that the coup had been planned since 1954.
History of Brentwood Brentwood Borough, located a little less than six miles from downtown Pittsburgh, was once part of Baldwin Township, and included the villages of Brentwood, Point View, and Whitehall. Today, Brentwood is believed to be a progressive community.
History of Brisbane Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is named for Sir Thomas Brisbane (1773–1860), British soldier and colonial administrator born in Ayrshire, Scotland. Sir Thomas Brisbane was Governor of New South Wales at the time that Brisbane was named.
History of Bristol Bristol is a city of half a million people in south west England, which has been amongst England's largest and most economically and culturally important cities in England for eight centuries. The Bristol area has been settled since the stone age, and the city rose to prominence in the Norman era.
History of Britain (John Milton) The History of Britain, that Part especially now called England; from the first traditional Beginning, continued to the Norman Conquest. Collected out of the antientest and best Authours thereof, a prose work by the English poet John Milton, was published in 1670.
History of Buckinghamshire Although the name Buckinghamshire is Anglo Saxon in origin meaning The district (scire) of Bucca's home (referring to Buckingham in the north of the county) the name has only been recorded since about the 12th century. The historic county itself has been in existence since it was a subdivision of the kingdom of Wessex in the 10th century.
History of Bucharest The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory (and that of the surrounding area in Ilfov County) until its modern existence as a city, capital of Wallachia, and present-day capital of Romania.
History of Bulgaria The history of Bulgaria as a separate country began in the 7th century with the arrival of the Bulgars and the foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire together with the local seven Slavic tribes, a union recognized by Byzantium in 681. A country in the middle of the ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria has seen many twists and turns in its long history and has been a prospering empire stretching to a coastline on the Black, Aegean and Adriatic Seas and a cultural centre of Slavic Europe, but also a land long dominated by a foreign state, once by the Byzantine Empire and once by the Ottoman Empire.
History of Bulgaria since 1989 By the time the impact of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program in the Soviet Union was felt in Bulgaria in the late 1980s, the Communists, like their leader, had grown too feeble to resist the demand for change for long. In November 1989 demonstrations on ecological issues were staged in Sofia, and these soon broadened into a general campaign for political reform.
History of Burkina Faso Until the end of the 19th century, the history of Burkina Faso was dominated by the empire-building Mossi, who are believed to have come up to their present location from Northern Ghana, (where there exists the ethnically related Dagomba group). For centuries, the Mossi peasant was both farmer and soldier, and the Mossi people were able to defend their religious beliefs and social structure against forcible attempts to convert them to Islam by Muslims from the northwest.

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