Encyclopedia

History of the English football league system The National League System consists of a group of semi-professional football leagues in England, below the fully-professional FA Premier League and The Football League. The NLS spans seven levels of the overall English football league system, and consists of around 80 divisions in total.
History of the English language English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic settlers and Roman auxiliary troops from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Northern Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms of England.
History of the Eurovision Song Contest Based on the Italian Sanremo Music Festival, the first Eurovision Song Contest was the brainchild of Marcel Baison of the European Broadcasting Union. The contest was also supposed to test the limits of live television broadcast technology.
History of the F-14 Tomcat The history of the F-14 Tomcat is long and complicated, starting with the development of very long range air-to-air missiles in the late-1950s, to the evolution of the modern air superiority fighter, touching the paths of many famous and infamous aircraft designs from the 1950s to the 2000s and United States defense policy.
History of the Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans, but recent discoveries of arrowheads in Lafonia (on the southern half of East Falkland) as well as the remains of a wooden canoe provide strong evidence that they had been visited previously, most likely by the Yaghan people of Tierra del Fuego. It has also been suggested that the Falkland Island foxes, or warrahs, found on the islands were introduced by the Yaghans or another Amerindian tribe, bearing as they did a resemblance to the culpeo or Fuegian fox.
History of the FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup started in 1928, when FIFA president Jules Rimet decided to stage an international football tournament. The first competition, in 1930, consisted of just the final tournament of 13 invited teams.
History of the French Navy Although the History of the French Navy goes back to the Middle Ages, when it was defeated by the English at the Battle of Sluys and, with Castilian help, managed to beat the English at La Rochelle, its history can be said to effectively begin with Richelieu under Louis XIII.
History of the graphical user interface The graphical user interface, or "GUI" (), is a computer interface that uses graphic icons and controls in addition to text. The user of the computer utilizes a pointing device, like a mouse, to manipulate these icons and controls.
History of the Gambia Modern-day The Gambia was once part of the Ghana and Songhai Empires. The first written accounts of the region come from records of Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries AD, who established the trans-Saharan trade route for slaves, gold, and ivory.
History of the Grand Canyon area The known history of the Grand Canyon area stretches back 10,500 years when the first evidence for human presence in the area started. Native Americans have been living at Grand Canyon and in the area now covered by Grand Canyon National Park for at least the last 4,000 of those years.
History of the Great War The History of the Great War is a series of 28 volumes covering the military operations of the British Army during the First World War. The full title is the History of the Great War Based on Official Documents but the series is usually referred to as the British Official History.
History of the Greek alphabet The History of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letterforms and continues to the present day. This article concentrates on the early period, before the codification of the now-standard Greek alphabet.
History of the Green Party (United States) The Green Party is a young political party, having been first established in Tasmania in 1972, with organizing in the United States begun in 1984, inspired by the success of European Green parties, notably that of the German Green party. The Green Committees of Correspondence were the first Green political organization in the United States, forming in 1984 and eventually becoming known as the Greens/Green Party USA.
History of the Green Party of Canada About one month before the 1980 federal election, eleven candidates, mostly from ridings in the Atlantic provinces, issued a joint press release declaring that they were running on a common platform. It called for a transition to a non-nuclear, conserver society.
History of the horse in South Asia The horse has been present in South Asia from at least the mid 2nd millennium BC, more than two millennia after its domestication in Central Asia. The earliest uncontroversial evidence of horse remains on the Indian Subcontinent date to the early Swat culture (ca.
History of the Hellenic Navy The History of the Hellenic Navy (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό) begins with the birth of modern Greece, and due to the maritime nature of the country, this force has been the premier service of the Greek Armed Forces.
History of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system The Hindu-Arabic numeral system originated from the Hindu numeral system, which is a pure place value system, that requires a zero.Though it is, in actuality, a purely Hindu numeral system, it is known to the Western world as Hindu-Arabic because of it's introduction to Europe through the Islamic middle east.
History of the Hittites Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa (Hittite URU) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC. In the 14th century BC, the Hittite Empire was at its height, encompassing central Anatolia, north-western Syria as far as Ugarit, and upper Mesopotamia.
History of the chair The chair is of extreme antiquity, although for many centuries and indeed for thousands of years it was an article of state and dignity rather than an article of ordinary use. “The chair” is still extensively used as the emblem of authority in the British House of Commons and in public meetings.
History of the Children of God: 1968-1977 The founder of the Children of God movement was a former Christian Missionary Alliance pastor, David Brandt Berg (1919-1994), also known within the group as Moses David, Mo, Father David, and Dad to adult group members and eventually as Grandpa to the group's youngest members.
History of the Chinese language Most linguists classify all of the variations of Chinese as part of the Sino-Tibetan language family and believe that there was an original language, called Proto-Sino-Tibetan, analogous to Proto-Indo-European, from which the Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman languages descended. The relations between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages are an area of active research, as is the attempt to reconstruct Proto-Sino-Tibetan.
History of the Church of England The specifically English church originates primarily from events in the late 6th century in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent, and the mission of Saint Augustine. The Church of England traditionally looks to these early events for its origins, rather than to Henry VIII's first political schism with the Roman Catholic Church, the excommunication of Elizabeth I or to the wider Reformation in mainland Europe.
History of the Church of the East in Asia Judging from the New Testament account of the rise and expansion of the early church, during the first few centuries of Christianity, the most extensive dissemination of the gospel was not in the West but in the East. In fact, conditions in the Parthian empire (250 BC - A.
History of the Imperial Guard (Warhammer 40,000) The Imperial Guard is a fictional military organisation in the Warhammer 40,000 universe. The Imperial Guard have been actively defending and expanding the Imperium for ten thousand years, and their predecessors, the Imperial Army, fought on many fronts during the Great Crusade and Horus Heresy.
History of the Inca The Inca Empire was an empire centered in what is now Peru from AD 1438 to AD 1533. Over that period, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges.
History of the Indian cricket team The Indian cricket team made it's Test cricket debut in 1932 and has since grown to a stage in which it can be considered one of the most formidable teams in modern cricket. The team won the Cricket World Cup in 1983.
History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation in 1885 till the independence of India on August 15, 1947, the Indian National Congress was the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement.
History of the Internet The History of the Internet dates back to the early development of communication networks. The idea of a computer network intended to allow general communication among users of various computers has developed through a large number of stages.
History of the IPA The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system used for describing the sounds of spoken language, and has a long history originating with the International Phonetic Association. It was originally developed by French and British language teachers (led by Paul Passy) under the auspices of the International Phonetic Association, established in Paris in 1886 (both the organisation and the phonetic script are best known as IPA).
History of the Iranian Air Force The IRIAF began as the Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) which was established in 1920 by the Shah, Reza Pahlavi, and became operational with its first fully trained pilots on February 25, 1925. Iran's first attempt to procure aircraft from the United States in the 1920s failed due to Washington's refusal to supply equipment because of a World War I treaty.
History of the Iranian Navy Traditionally, located in the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf, Iran has never been a great sea faring country and its navy has always been the smallest of its military forces. The existence of an Iranian navy in one form or another has existed since Achaemenid times in 500 BC, however except for the Achimanid navy none of the following navies were particularly well organised or strong.
History of the Isle of Wight Today, the Isle of Wight is rich in historical and archaeological sites dating from prehistoric periods from an extraordinary wealth of fossil discoveries including dinosaur bones through to remains from the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman periods onwards.
History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict This article discusses the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from its origins in the 1880s to the present day. See Israeli-Palestinian conflict for an article focused on the present-day status of the conflict.
History of the Italian Republic After World War II and the overthrow of Mussolini's fascist regime, Italy's history was dominated by the Democrazia Cristiana (DC - Christian-Democrats) party for forty years, while the opposition was led by the Italian Communist Party (PCI); this condition endured until the Tangentopoli scandal and operation Mani pulite, which led to the dissolving of most of the Italian parties.
History of the jesus as myth theory Some have suggested that the idea dates to New Testament times, citing 's "many deceivers [who] are entered into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh." Some scholars studying this period believe that these early quotes refer to docetism, the belief that Jesus appeared to people but lacked a genuinely physical body, rather than a belief that Jesus was a completely fabricated figure.
History of the Jatt History of the Jats was a book written by a Jat historian called Ram Swarup Joon the Book was published in, India in 1938 and was originally in Hindi it was republished in English in 1967 it was translated from Hindi to English by Lt. Col.
History of the Jedi and Sith In the fictional Star Wars universe, the History of the Jedi and Sith is closely tied to that of the Force. Although the Force has always existed, it was first identified and developed by the group of "wizards and mystics" who eventually formed the Jedi Order.
History of the Jesus as myth theory Some have suggested that the idea dates to New Testament times, citing 's "many deceivers [who] are entered into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh." Some scholars studying this period believe that these early quotes refer to docetism, the belief that Jesus appeared to people but lacked a genuinely physical body, rather than a belief that Jesus was a completely fabricated figure.
History of the Jews during World War II By World War II, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been forced to sell out to the Nazi-German government as part of the "Aryanization" policy inaugurated in 1937. As the war started, large massacres of Jews took place.
History of the Jews in Afghanistan Jews have lived in Afghanistan for at least 2,000 years, but the community has been reduced greatly because of persecution and emigration. Afghan Jewish communities now exist mostly in Israel and the United States.
History of the Jews in Algeria Jews and Judaism have a rather long history in Algeria. However, following the brutal conflict of the 1990s there – in particular, the rebel Armed Islamic Group's 1994 declaration of war on all non-Muslims in the country – most of the thousand-odd Jews previously there, living mainly in Algiers and to a lesser extent Blida, Constantine, and Oran, emigrated.
History of the Jews in Australia The history of the Jews in Australia began with the transportation of several Jewish convicts aboard the First Fleet in 1788 when the first European settlement was established on the continent in present-day Sydney. Today, an estimated 120,000 Jews reside in Australia, the majority being Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern European descent, with many being refugees and Holocaust survivors who arrived during and after World War II.
History of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and varied history, surviving World War II and the Yugoslav Wars, after having been been born as a result of the Spanish Inquisition, and having been almost destroyed by the Holocaust.
History of the Jews in Bulgaria The history of the Jews in Bulgaria dates to at least as early as the 2nd century AD. Since then, the Jews have had a continuous presence in the Bulgarian lands and have played an often considerable part in the history of Bulgaria from ancient times through the Middle Ages until today.
History of the Jews in Croatia The Jewish community of Croatia dates back to at least the third century AD, although little is known of the community until the tenth and fifteenth centuries. The community, over 20,000 strong on the eve of World War II, was almost entirely destroyed in the Holocaust, and numbers some 2,000 today.
History of the Jews in England The first written records of Jewish settlement in England date from the time of the Norman Conquest, mentioning Jews who arrived with William the Conqueror in 1066 although it is believed that there were Jews present in Great Britain since Roman times. The Jewish population lived in England from the Norman Conquest until they were expelled in 1290 by a decree of King Edward I.
History of the Jews in Estonia History of the Jews in Estonia starts with individual reports of Jews in what is now Estonia from as early as the 14th century. However, the process of permanent Jewish settlement in Estonia began in the 19th century, especially after they were granted the official right to enter the region by a statute of Russian Tsar Alexander II in 1865.
History of the Jews in Finland The History of the Jews in Finland began when the Jews first settled in the Kingdom of Sweden-Finland in the 18th century, during the tolerant reign of King Gustavus III. They were allowed to reside in a few towns in Swedish parts of the kingdom, such as Marstrand, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Norrköping and Karlskrona, but not in the Finnish part.
History of the Jews in France The current Jewish community in France number around 606,561 according to the World Jewish Congress and 500,000 according to the Appel Unifié Juif de France (France Jewish community main organism), and are mostly populated in the cities of Paris, Marseilles and Strasbourg.
History of the Jews in Germany German Jews have lived in Germany for over 1700 years, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of anti-Semitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the near-destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and much of Europe.
History of the Jews in Greece There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited Greece are the Romaniotes, also known as "Greek Jews".
History of the Jews in Charleston, South Carolina There is a long history of Jews living in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. The charter of the Carolina Colony, drawn up by John Locke in 1669, granted liberty of conscience to all settlers, expressly mentioning "Jews, heathens, and dissenters.
History of the Jews in Iceland To meet Wikipedia's quality standards and conform with our NPOV policy, this article or section may require cleanup.The current version of this article or section advances a limited or personal interpretation of the subject matter.
History of the Jews in Iran The beginnings of Jewish history in Iran date back to late biblical times. The biblical books of Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles, and Esther contain references to the life and experiences of Jews in Persia.
History of the Jews in Ireland The history of the Jews in Ireland extends back nearly a thousand years. Although the community has always been small in numbers (1,790 in the Republic according to the census of 2002), it has generally been well-accepted into Irish life.
History of the Jews in Latin America The history of the Jewish people in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first cross-Atlantic voyage on August 3, 1492, when he left Spain and eventually "discovered" the New World. His date of departure was also the day on which the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon decreed that the Jews of Spain either had to convert to Catholicism, depart from the country, or face death for defiance of the Monarch.
History of the Jews in Libya Jews have lived in Libya since the 3rd century BC, when North Africa was under Roman rule. During World War II, Libya's Jewish population was subjected to anti-Semitic laws by the Fascist Italian regime and deportations by German troops.
History of the Jews in Malta The history of the Jews in Malta can be traced back to approximately 1500 BC. Although the population was probably never in a number greater than 1,000 inhabitants, their presence probably dates back to the Hebrew-speaking but not yet Jewish seafaring tribes of Zebulun and Asher.
History of the Jews in Portugal The history of the Jews in Portugal is directly related to Sephardi history, a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities who have originated in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, but also Morocco). Sephardi Jews do not exactly match with those who claim to be Sephardi in the modern state of Israel (mostly North African or Eastern Mediterranean Jews).
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of intense anti-Semitic discriminatory policies and persecutions that culminated in the Holocaust.
History of the Jews in San Marino The first mention of Jews in San Marino dates to the late 14th century, in official documents recording the business transactions of Jews. There are so many documents throughout the 15th to 17th centuries, which document Jewish dealings, that it is easy to justify the presence of a Jewish community in San Marino.
History of the Jews in Scotland The earliest date at which Jews arrived in Scotland is not known. It is possible that some arrived, or at least visited, as a result of the Roman Empire's conquest of southern Great Britain, but there is no direct evidence for this.
History of the Jews in South Africa The history of the Jews in South Africa mainly begins with the general European settlement in the 19th century. The early patterns of Jewish South African history are almost identical with the history of the Jews in the United States but on a much smaller scale, including the period of early discovery and settlement from the late 15th century to the early 19th century.
History of the Jews in Spain Spanish Jews once constituted one of the largest and most prosperous Jewish communities under Muslim and Christian rule, before the Jews of Spain were expelled in 1492. Today, a few thousand Jews live in Spain, but the descendants of Spanish (and Portuguese) Jews, the Sephardic Jews, still make up around a fifth of the global Jewish population.
History of the Jews in Sweden The history of Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the seventeenth century, as vouched for by church records at Stockholm, from which it appears that several Jews had joined the Lutheran Church, a condition at that time imposed upon any Jew who desired to settle in Sweden. In 1681, for example, two Jews of Stockholm, Israel Mandel and Moses Jacob, together with their families, twenty-eight persons in all, were baptized in the German church of that city in the presence of King Charles XI of Sweden, the dowager queen Ulrika Eleonora, and several high state officials.
History of the Jews in the Land of Israel History of the Jews in the Land of Israel begins mainly from the ancient Israelites (also known as Hebrews), who settled in the land of Israel. The Israelites traced their common lineage to the biblical patriarch Abraham through Isaac and Jacob.
History of the Jews in the United States The history of the Jews in the United States comprises a theological dimension, with a three-way division into Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. In social terms the Jewish community began with small groups of merchants in colonial ports such as New York City and Charleston.
History of the Jews in Tunisia Tunisia has had a Jewish minority since Roman times. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 1967 most Tunisian Jews had left the country for France and Israel, and the population had shrunk to 20,000.
History of the Jews in Turkey Jews lived in the geographic area of Asia Minor (modern Turkey, but more geographically either Anatolia or Asia Minor) for more than 2,400 years. Initial prosperity in Hellenistic times faded under Christian Byzantine rule, but recovered somewhat under the rule of the various Muslim governments which displaced and succeded rule from Constantinople.
History of the Jews in Ukraine Jewish communities lived in the territory of today's Ukraine for centuries and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions. While at times they flourished, at other times they faced periods of intense antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecutions.
History of the Jews of Bilad el-Sudan Jews of the Bilad el-Sudan (Judeo-Arabic) describes West African Jewish communities who were connected to known Jewish communities from the Middle East, North Africa, or Spain and Portugal. Various historical records attest to their presence at one time in the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires, then called the Bilad es-Sudan from the Arabic meaning Land of the Blacks.
History of the kisaeng The history of the kisaeng covers the entire second millennium, from the Goryeo dynasty to modern South Korea. The kisaeng system first emerged in the early Goryeo period, and was at its height in the middle Joseon Dynasty.
History of the Kurdish people The history of the Kurds stretches from ancient times to the present day. The Kurds are an Iranian ethnolinguistic group inhabiting the mountainous areas of the northern Middle East (Zagros and Taurus mountain ranges), a geographical area collectively referred to as Kurdistan.
History of the Kurdistan Workers Party The history of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) covers the life of the party, which extends more than three decades. Unlike many other organizations from the 1970's the PKK has been able to evolve and adapt- the core reason for its survival.
History of the Latter Day Saint movement The Latter Day Saint movement is a religious movement within Christian Restorationism beginning in the early 19th century that led to the set of doctrines, practices, and cultures called Mormonism and to the existence of numerous Latter Day Saint churches. Its history has been characterized by intense controversy and persecution because of this religion's growth and in reaction to some of the movement's doctrines and practices, which are unique within Christianity (see Mormonism and Christianity).
History of the Levant This article concerns the History of the Levant, which is a geographical term that refers to a large area in Southwest Asia, south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Arabian Desert in the north, and Mesopotamia to the east. Occasionally, the term is employed to refer to modern events or states in the region immediately bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.
History of the London Underground The history of the London Underground is one of gradual evolution. One section of it was the first urban underground passenger-carrying railway in the world, for although the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel in New York, opened in 1844, is sometimes called the "world's oldest subway tunnel", this had no stations and was used for long-distance as well as suburban trains.
History of the Luftwaffe during World War II The German Luftwaffe was one of the most powerful, doctrinally advanced, and battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II started in Europe in September 1939. Following the loss of the Battle of Britain it went into terminal decline, until it virtually disappeared from the skies of Europe in 1944, leaving the rest of the Wehrmacht to fight without air support.
History of the Lutheran Church of Australia The history of the Lutheran Church of Australia is the sequence of events related to divisions, mergers and affiliations of Lutheran church organisations from the time Lutheranism first arrived in Australia, to the time of unification of the two main synods in 1966.
History of the molecule In chemistry, the history of the molecule traces the origins of the concept or idea of the existence, in nature, of a bonded structure of two or more atoms, according to which the structures of the universe are built. In a sense, the concept of united atoms, i.
History of the Macedonian language The standard Macedonian language can be said to have been born in August 1944, when a provisional government run by the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) declared the Macedonian republic. It should be noted however that at least some work has been recorded as being done on standardising the Macedonian language prior to 1944.
History of the Marshall Islands Little is clearly understood about the prehistory of the Marshall Islands. Researchers agree on little more than that successive waves of migratory peoples from Southeast Asia spread across the Western Pacific about 3,000 years ago, and that some of them landed on and remained on these islands.
History of the Mass Rapid Transit The history of the Mass Rapid Transit system of Singapore commences with its planning in the 1960s, leading to its opening in 1987 with the launch of the 6 km section of the North South Line from Yio Chu Kang Station to Toa Payoh Station. It now has three lines in operation with a total combined route length of 109km and 64 stations.
History of the Mediterranean region The history of the Mediterranean region is the history of the interaction of the cultures and peoples of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea —the central superhighway of transport, trade and cultural exchange between diverse peoples. Its history is important to understanding the origin and development of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Phoenician, Jewish, Greek, Latin, Arab, Persian and Turkish cultures —and hence is important to understanding the development of Western Civilization as we understand it today.
History of the Moldovan language The history of the Moldovan language refers to the history of the Romanian language in the historical and political regions of Moldova and Transnistria, where it is officially called "Moldovan language".
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present) The History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present) dicusses the History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from its suppression under Nasser to its formation into the largest opposition bloc in the Egyptian parliament.
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Towards the end of the 1930s, the ideas of Hassan al-Banna reached Syria as young Syrians, who had graduated from university in Cairo and participated in the Muslim Brotherhood there, returned home and founded associations called "Muhammad's Youth" (Shabab Muhammad), which were to become the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria. By 1954, the Syrian association, under the leadership of Mustafa al-Siba'i, was able to offer assistance to its Egyptian sister organisation, which Gamal 'Abd al-Nasser was then subjecting to severe repression.
History of the natural gas liquids industry in Canada Canada's natural gas liquids industry grew from the efforts of two companies - Amoco Corporation and Dome Petroleum, - neither of which is any longer in existence. Amoco took over Dome after the company essentially went bankrupt in 1988, and BP took over Amoco in a friendly merger ten years later.
History of the Netherlands Though the history of the Netherlands technically began two hundred fifty thousand years ago with the first signs of human activity, the first written sources on its inhabitants did not exist until Ancient Roman times.
History of the New York Yankees The New York Yankees have a long history filled with many high points, milestones, and championships. With 26 world championships, they are the winningest team in not only baseball, but in all of professional sports, and have accomplished this feat with the help of such names as Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, and Babe Ruth.
History of the Northern Territory The history of the Northern Territory began over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region. Makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards [and possibly for 300 years prior to that, while the coast of the Territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century.
History of the Orthodox Church in Italy The presence of Orthodox Christianity in Sicily and Italy has its strength in the Greek diaspora, where cities like Syracuse, Messina, and Ragusa were founded by Greek colonists and were part of Magna Graecia before the conquest by the Romans.
History of the petroleum industry in Canada, part one The Canadian petroleum industry arose in parallel with that of the United States, but developed in quite a different way. Canada's unique geography, geology, resources and patterns of settlement have been key factors in the history of Canada.
History of the present illness In a medical encounter, a history of the present illness (HPI) (termed history of presenting complaint (HPC) in the UK) refers to a detailed interview prompted by the chief complaint or presenting symptom (for example, pain).
History of the punk subculture The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, ideology, fashion, visual art, literature, dance, and film. Since emerging in the United States and the United Kingdom in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms.
History of the Panama Canal The History of the Panama Canal goes back almost to the earliest explorers of the Americas. The narrow land bridge between North and South America offers a unique opportunity to create a water passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
History of the Papacy The origin of the Papacy is unclear. It is generally accepted amongst most Catholic and non-Catholic historians that the institution of the papacy as it exists today developed through the centuries, although it could not have occurred before the traditional arrival of Peter in Rome c.
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria The History of the Patriarchs of AlexandriaOnline edition preface:is a major historical work of the Coptic Church]. It is written in [[Arabic language|ArabicArabic title Tarikh Batarikat al-Kanisah al-Misriyah, but draws extensively on Greek and Coptic sources.
History of the Peerage The Peerage is a system of nobility found in Europe, in particular in the United Kingdom (see British peerage) and in France (see Peerage of France). The British Peerage's origins are obscure, but it is now well-defined.
History of the Peloponnesian War The History of the Peloponnesian War is an account of the Peloponnesian War in Ancient Greece, fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens). It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian general who served in the war.

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