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Hyperscore Hyperscore is a computer-assisted music composition program intended to make the creation of music readily accessible to experienced musicians as well as those without any musical training. To accomplish this, the software maps complex musical concepts to intuitive visual representations.
Hypersensitive response The hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism, used by plants, to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens. The HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection.
Hypersensitive site A hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNAase I and other various nucleases (DNAase II and micrococcal nucleases). In a hypersensitive site, the nucelosomal structure is not organized in the ususal fashion, which results in a 100 fold increase in sensitivity to enzyme attack than in bulk chromatin.
Hypersonic XLC Hypersonic XLC is a roller coaster located at Paramount's Kings Dominion near Richmond, Virginia. Hypersonic was the first compressed air launch coaster in the world, and still remains the only one in North America.
Hyperspace (book) Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the Tenth Dimension (1994) is a book by Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist from the City College of New York. It focuses on Kaku's studies of higher dimensions referred to as hyperspace.
Hyperspace (science fiction) In science fiction, hyperspace is any region of space co-existing with our own universe (in some cases displaced in an extra spatial dimension) which may be entered using some sort of energy field or space-altering device. While hyperspace is in some way anchored to the normal universe, its properties are not the same as normal space, so traveling in hyperspace is largely inequivalent to traveling in normal space.
Hyperspace theory Hyperspace theories are concerned with theoretical systems that have more than the familiar three spatial dimensions. Hyperspace theories are largely a mathematical theory but their developers often attempt to make them of use to physicists.
Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral imaging, sometimes referred to as spectral imaging, is an electron microscopy technique that involves microanalysis using either Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Infrared Spectroscopy(IR), Raman Spectroscopy, or cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, in which the entire spectrum measured at each point is recorded. EELS hyperspectral imaging is performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM); EDS and CL mapping can be performed in STEM as well, or in a scanning electron microscope or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).
Hypersphere (The History of the Galaxy) Hypersphere is a spatial anomaly that exists alongside the "normal" space-time continuum in the The History of the Galaxy series of novels by Russian science fiction writer Andrey Livadny. Similar to hyperspace in the TV series Babylon 5, hypersphere allows pseudo-FTL travel.
Hypertag Hypertag is a technology developed by Cambridge-based company Hypertag Ltd that allows ringtones and other files to be downloaded from advertisement posters into mobile phones using infrared and bluetooth technology.
Hypertensive emergency A hypertensive emergency is severe hypertension with acute impairment of an organ system (especially the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and/or the renal system) and the possibility of irreversible organ-damage. In case of a hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure should be lowered aggressively over minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent.
Hypertext In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), "branch or perform on request." Hypertext is a way of organizing material that attempts to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional text and in particular its linearity.
Hypertext Editing System The Hypertext Editing System, or HES, was an early hypertext research project conducted at Brown University in 1967 by Andries van Dam, Ted Nelson, and several Brown students. HES was a pioneering hypertext system that organized data into two main types: links and branching text.
Hypertext fiction Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links which provides a new context for non-linearity in "literature" and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories.
Hypertext poetry Hypertext poetry, a form of e-poetry, is hard to delineate, since it is often very visual, thus seeping into hypertext fiction and visual arts. A definition would include its use of links using hypertext mark-up.
Hyperthermophile A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments — that is, hotter than around 60 °C with an optimal temperature above 80 °C. The most heat tolerant hyperthermophile is the recently-discovered Strain 121 which has been able to double its population during 24 hours in an autoclave] at 121 °C (hence its name).
Hyperthymesia Hyperthymesia or hyperthymestic syndrome is a condition where the affected individual has a superior autobiographical memory. As first described in the Neurocase article "A case of unusual autobiographical remembering," the two defining characteristics of hyperthymesia are "1) the person spends an abnormally large amount of time thinking about his or her personal past, and 2) the person has an extraordinary capacity to recall specific events from their personal past" (Parker et al.
Hypertime Hypertime is a fictional concept presented in the 1998 comic book series The Kingdom, both a catch-all explanation for any continuity discrepancies in DC Universe stories and a variation or superset of the Multiverse that existed before Crisis on Infinite Earths.
Hypertrichosis lanuginosa Hypertrichosis lanuginosa, also called Ambras Syndrome, "congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa", and "congenital hypertrichosis universalis", is a genetic condition characterized by hair all over the body. This condition affects less than 1 person in a billion.
Hypertrophy-specific Training Hypertrophy-Specific Training (HST) is a method of strength training intended to induce muscle growth, or hypertrophy, in its practitioners. The method was popularized following an October 2000 ThinkMuscle newsletter article by fitness writer Bryan Haycock, which discussed methods he and his clients had been using for several years.
HyperTalk HyperTalk is a high-level programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. The main target audience of HyperTalk was beginning programmers, hence HyperTalk programmers were usually called authors, and the process of writing programs was called "scripting".
HyperTerminal HyperTerminal is a communications program bundled with multiple versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system. It is a tool used when connecting to other computers, bulletin board systems (BBSs), and a host of other Internet-related services.
HyperTransport Consortium The HyperTransport Consortium is an industry consortium responsible for specifying and promoting the computer bus technology called HyperTransport. It is led by founding members Advanced Micro Devices, Alliance Semiconductor, Apple Computer, Broadcom Corporation, Cisco Systems, NVIDIA, PMC-Sierra, Sun Microsystems, and Transmeta.
HyperTunnel HyperTunnel is GDA technologies implementation of a HyperTransport tunnel. This integrated circuit allows tunnel devices to be daisy chained together to form IO channels connecting multiple IO devices to a system.
Hypervalent molecule A hypervalent molecule is a molecule that contains one or more typical elements (group 1, 2, 13-18) formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the phosphate (PO43â’) ion, and the triiodide (I3â’) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
Hypervalue HYPER VALUE (HOLDINGS) LIMITED was incorporated in 1980 by Ken Rogers, the Founder and then Chairman of the Hypervalue Group. It is best known for the discount retail stores that encompass the whole of South Wales, extending into the South West of England and as far away as Southampton.
Hypervelocity star Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) are stars moving with high velocity relative to the galaxy, which have or will eventually escape from the Galaxy, hence also the name Exiled Stars. Ordinary stars in the galaxy have velocities not exceeding 200 km/s, while hypervelocity stars are moving at several times this speed.
Hyperventilation syndrome In psychiatry, hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) is an episodic disorder that often presents with chest pain and a tingling sensation of the fingertips (paresthesia) and around the mouth, as well as deep and labored breathing (causing hyperventilation), although chronic but subtle hyperventilation can cause these symptoms too.
Hypervigilance Hypervigilance is an enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats. For example, a driver who has previously been involved in a car accident may devote so much attention to road conditions and other cars on the road, that she doesn't hear her passenger.
Hypervisor In computing, a hypervisor (also: virtual machine monitor) is a virtualization platform that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer at the same time. The term usually refers to an implementation using full virtualization.
Hypex Electronics Hypex Electronics is a Dutch electronics company, mostly known for its Class D audio amplifier modules. The Class D audio modules employ a control method called UcD, invented by Bruno Putzeys and patented by Philips Electronics.
Hyphen (magazine) Hyphen is a nationally-distributed, independent Asian American magazine aimed at 20 and 30-something year-olds. The name of the magazine comes from a debate over the use of hyphens in denoting ethnic Americans.
Hyphen War The Hyphen War (in Czech Pomlčková válka, in Slovak Pomlčková vojna — literally "Dash War") was the tongue-in-cheek name given to the conflict over what to call Czechoslovakia after the fall of Communism.
Hyphenated American The term hyphenated American is an epithet from the early 20th century to refer to Americans who consider themselves of a distinct cultural origin other than the United States, and who claim to hold allegiance to both.
Hyphenation algorithm One of the reasons for the complexity of the rules of word-breaking, or hyphenation algorithm, is that different 'dialects' of English tend to differ on the rule: American English tends to work on sound, while British English tends to look to the origins of the word and then to sound. There are also a large number of exceptions which further complicates matters.
Hypholoma Fungi of the genus Hypholoma are quite well-known due to the commonness of Sulphur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) on stumps in temperate woodlands. This species is easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside.
Hypholoma fasciculare The Sulphur Tuft or Sulfur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) is a common woodland mushroom, often in evidence when hardly any other mushrooms are to be found. This small gill fungus grows in large clumps (Latin fascicularis = in bundles, clustered) mainly on stumps, dead roots or rotting trunks of broadleaved trees, more rarely on conifer wood.
Hypholoma sublateritium Hypholoma sublateritium, sometimes called Brick Cap, is rarer and less well-known than its relatives, the inedible Sulphur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) and the edible Hypholoma capnoides. Its fruiting bodies are generally larger than either of these.
Hyphy Hyphy (pronounced HI-fee; IPA: ) is a style of music and dance primarily associated with the Bay Area hip hop culture. It began to emerge in early 2000 as a response from Bay Area rappers against commercial hip hop for not acknowledging the Bay for setting trends in the hip hop industry.
Hypnagogia Hypnagogia (also spelled hypnogogia) are the experiences a person can go through in the hypnagogic (or hypnogogic) state, the period of falling asleep. Hypnopompia are the experiences a person may go through in the hypnopompic state, the period of waking up.
Hypno5ive Hypno5ive is a south Florida alternative dance music dj. He founded the historic Edge in Kendall in 1990 and helped give rise to the fledgling South Beach dance club scene of the time while promoting EBM and industrial music.
Hypnobirthing HypnoBirthing consists of a series of relaxation techniques used to help laboring mothers decrease pain and emotional stress during childbirth, without the use of drugs. HypnoBirthing is a form of self-hypnosis used primarily during an unmedicated vaginal delivery.
Hypnofetishism Hypnofetishism is the linking of hypnosis (or other forms of mind control) to sexuality, sometimes known by other names such as "hypnophilia", "erotic hypnosis" and "erotic mind control."
Hypnosis Hypnosis is a natural psychological process in which critical thinking faculties of the mind are bypassed and a type of selective thinking and perception is established. Although some individuals experience an increase in suggestibility and subjective feelings of an "altered state of consciousness," this is not true for everyone.
Hypnoskull Hypnoskull is the name of Belgian musical group whose style borrows elements of noise, industrial music, jungle, breakbeat, lo-fi, and techno. Hypnoskull currently releases music through Germany’s Ant-Zen record label.
Hypnosnlp HypnosNLP is a system of therapy based on the synergistic utilization of Hypnosis and NLP based techniques. It has been developed by Gregory AntĂŁo - a Licensed Practitioner of NLP and a Certified Hypnotherapist and continues to evolve continually - on the basis of ongoing experience, patient interaction and client feedback.
Hypnosurgery Hypnosurgery is the term given to an operation where the patient is sedated using hypnotherapy rather than traditional anaesthetics. In April 2006, the British television channel More4 broadcast a live hernia hypnosurgery operation.
Hypnotic Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep (which differentiates them from the sedative category), used in the treatment of severe insomnia and in surgical anesthesia. Often the treatment of insomnia will not begin with drugs at all; however, as many, though not all hypnotic drugs are habit forming.
Hypnotic susceptibility Hypnotic susceptibility is a measurement of how easily a person can be hypnotized. The are several types of scales used, however the most common are the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales.
Hypnotica Hypnotica is the second and probably the most popular album of Benny Benassi (Actually, the album titled as Benny Benassi Presents the Biz, the Biz refers to Benny Benassi's half-time musical partners). The album was released in 2003.
Hypnotize (System of a Down song) "Hypnotize" is the lead single for System of a Down's latest album of the same title, which was released on November 22, 2005 (see 2005 in music). The video was filmed on September 28, 2005, at the Van Andel Arena in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Hypo Group Alpe Adria The Hypo Group Alpe Adria is an Austrian banking group with numerous cross-border activities in eight countries of the Alps-Adriatic region. Its network of branches and offices extends from Austria through Italy and Liechtenstein, from Slovenia through Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Germany on to Brussels.
Hypoadrenia Hypoadrenia is a term for a hypothesised condition of the adrenal glands. The terms adrenal exhaustion or adrenal fatigue are often used (and connected to hypoadrenia) by complementary and alternative therapists, but are not formal medical terms.
Hypocatastasis Hypocatastasis is a figure of speech that by implication declares or implies a resemblance, representation or comparison. It differs from a metaphor, because in a metaphor the two nouns are both named and given; while, in hypocatastasis, only one is named and the other is implied, or as it were, is put down underneath out of sight.
Hypocenter The hypocenter or hypocentre (literally: 'below the center' from the Greek υπόκεντĎον), may refer to the site of an earthquake or to that of a nuclear explosion. In the former, it is a synonym of the focus; in the latter of ground zero.
Hypocephalus A hypocephalus is a small disk-shaped object made of papyrus, stuccoed linen, bronze, gold, wood, or clay, which ancient Egyptians placed under the head of their dead ("hypocephalus" = hypĂł {Greek: "under, below"} + cephalus {Latin, transliterated from Greek kephalos: "head"}). They believed it would magically cause the head and body to be enveloped in flames or radiance, making the deceased divine.
Hypocotyl Hypocotyl is a botanical term for a part of a germinating seedling of a seed plant. As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root and penetrates down into the soil.
Hypocras Hypocras (also hippocras) is a drink made from wine, possibly heated, and mixed with spices, most notably cinnamon. Its invention was traditionally attributed to the Greek physician Hippocrates (Vth century BCE), whose name would have been given to the concoction.
Hypocrisy Hypocrisy is the act of pretending or claiming to have beliefs, feelings, morals or virtues that one does not truly possess or practice. The word derives from the late Latin hypocrisis and Greek hypokrisis both meaning play-acting or pretense.
Hypocycloid In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. It is comparable to the cycloid but instead of the circle rolling along a line, it rolls within a circle.
Hypodermatinae Hypodermatinae is a subfamily of Oestridae which includes large, parasitic flies, some of which are known as warble flies. There are 9 genera in this subfamily, which typically spend their larval stage in the skin or soft tissues of mammals, including bovines (such species are often considered pests).
Hypodermic needle A hypodermic needle is a hollow needle commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body. They may also be used to take liquid samples from the body, for example taking blood from a vein in venipuncture.
Hypodermic needle model The hypodermic needle model is a model of communications also referred to as the magic bullet perspective. Essentially, this model holds that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.
Hypodescent Hypodescent is the practice of determining the lineage of a child of mixed race ancestry by assigning the child the race of his or her more socially subordinate parent. Because recent history shows Caucasians being socially dominant in the Western world, mixed race children are most commonly assigned to their non-Caucasian parent.
Hypodontia In dentistry, hypodontia is the condition of naturally having fewer than the regular number of teeth. In Caucasians, the most commonly missing teeth are the third molars (25-35%), the upper lateral incisors (2%) or the lower second premolars (3%) The congenital absence of all teeth is called anodontia.
Hypodorian mode The hypodorian mode, literally meaning 'below dorian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the dorian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint dorian tetrachords.
Hypoglossal canal The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull that transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. It lies in the epiphyseal junction between the basiocciput and the jugular process of the occipital bone.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is one of about 150 types of ectodermal dysplasia in humans. Before birth, these disorders result in the abnormal development of structures including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.
Hypocholesterolemia Hypocholesterolemia is the presence of abnormally low (hypo-) levels of cholesterol in the blood (-emia). While hypercholesterolemia, the presence of high cholesterol, has been linked strongly with cardiovascular disease, it is much less certain whether low cholesterol levels are intrinsically harmful.
Hypochondria Hypochondria (or hypochondriasis, sometimes referred to as health anxiety or health phobia) is a somatoform disorder in which one has the unfounded belief that one is suffering from a serious illness. Hypochondria is often characterized by irrational fears of being diseased/dying, obsessions over minor bodily symptoms or imperfections, doubt and disbelief in doctors' diagnosis, constant self-examination and self-diagnosis and preoccupation with one's body.
Hypochromic anemia Hypochromic anemia is a form of anemia characterized by a disproportionate reduction of red cell hemoglobin in proportion to the volume of the erythrocyte and an increased area of central pallor in the red cells.
Hypoid A hypoid is the name given to a type of helical (spiral) gear. The main application of this is in the final drive of an automobile, where the direction of the drive carried by the propeller shaft has to be turned through 90 degrees in order to power the driven wheels.
Hypokeimenon Hypokeimenon is a term in metaphysics which loosely means the "underlying thing" or the substratum. To search for the hypokeimenon is to search for that substance which persists in a thing going through change—its essential being.
Hypokinesia Hypokinesia refers to slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with basal ganglia diseases; mental disorders; prolonged inactivity due to illness; experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility; and other conditions.
Hypolepis ambigua Pigfern (Hypolepis ambigua) is a species of fern that grows in New Zealand. The fern has broad fronds which grow up to 120 cm long, the fronds have mostly colourless hairs and some brown-tinged hairs on the midribs, while the stalks have red-brown or pale-brown bristly hairs.
Hypolimnas bolina The Great Eggfly (Hypolimnas bolina ) (also called Blue Moon Butterfly in New Zealand or Common EggflyLiza Gross, "Conflict within the Genome: Evolving Defenses to Suppress the Male Killers", PLoS Biology, 4(9):e308, 2006.) is a species of nymphalid butterfly.
Hypolydian mode The Hypolydian mode, literally meaning 'below Lydian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the Lydian tetrachord: descending (the way the Greeks always wrote about it), a series of falling intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint Lydian tetrachords.
Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting intestinal magnesium absorption. Decreased intestinal magnesium reabsorption and the resulting decrease in serum magnesium levels is believed to cause lowered parathyroid hormone (PTH) output by the parathyroid gland.
Hypomania Hypomania is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. It is distinguished from mania by the absence of psychotic symptoms and by its lower degree of impact on functioning.
Hypomasculinity Hypomasculinity is a psychological term for the the absence of male stereotypical behaviour, such as an overemphasis on feelings, relationships, etc. A Jungian interpretation of this would be of an overwhelmingly strong anima or female complex.
Hypomnemata The hypomnemata is a special type of notebook used in ancient greek society by variety of common people such as tradesmen, philosophers, theologians, and students to keep personal records and fomulate opinions about the experience of the self. This habitual type of personal notekeeping was coming into vogue in Plato's time (ca.
Hyponastic response The hyponastic response is an upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from growth of the lower side. This can be observed in many terrestrial plants and is thought to be linked to the plant hormone ethylene.
Hypophosphorous acid Hypophosphorous acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a powerful reducing agent. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name (also as "HPA") although its official IUPAC name is phosphinic acid.
Hypophrygian mode The Hypophrygian mode, literally meaning 'below Phrygian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the Phrygian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by another whole tone. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint Phrygian tetrachords.
Hypopta agavis Hypopta agavis, whose larvae are known in Spanish as chilocuil, chinicuil, or tecol , is a moth native to North America. Its larvae feed on the succulent leaves of the maguey, although they are not considered a plague, as they have been traditionally used as food in North-Mexican cuisine.
Hyporheic Hyporheic flow is the multidimensional percolating-flow mixing of shallow groundwater and surface flow. Hyporheic flow spreads over the permeable region under and beside an open stream bed, circulates inside the interstitial space around the wetted perimeter of the bed, and recharges (or discharges) into the groundwater zone.
Hyposensitization Hyposensitization (or allergy desensitization) is a form of immunotherapy where the patient is gradually vaccinated against progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether.
Hyposmocoma molluscivora Hyposmocoma molluscivora is a Hawaiian moth whose larvae are predators, capturing snails in their silk, much like a hunting spider's web, and then crawling inside the snail's shell to eat it alive. It has been called the snail eating caterpillar or the flesh-eating caterpillar, though no common name has been widely prescribed to it.
Hypostasis (organization) Hypostasis Ltd is an Australian-based not-for-profit organization that provides peer support for people with type 1 diabetes (previously known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)), their friends and family.
Hypostasis (religion) In Christian usage, the Greek word hypostasis (), the range of whose meanings is illustrated in Liddel and Scott's Greek Lexicon, has a complicated and sometimes confusing history. Its basic meaning is "that which stands beneath".
Hypostatic abstraction Hypostatic abstraction, also known as hypostasis or subjectal abstraction, is a formal operation that takes an element of information, such as might be expressed in a proposition of the form X is Y, and conceives its information to consist in the relation between a subject and another subject, such as expressed in a proposition of the form X has Y-ness. The existence of the latter subject, here Y-ness, consists solely in the truth of those propositions that have the corresponding concrete term, here Y, as the predicate.
Hypostatic union Hypostatic Union (from the Greek: , "hypostasis," meaning essence)"" in Bauer, Danker, Arndt, & Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament & other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Hypostomus plecostomus The suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) is a tropical fish belonging to the armored catfish family (Loricariidae), named for the armor-like longitudinal rows of scutes that cover the upper parts of the head and body (the lower surface of head and abdomen is naked). Although the name Hypostomus plecostomus is often used to refer to Common plecs sold in aquarium shops, most are actually members of other genera.
Hypostomus punctatus The Suckermouthed Catfish (Hypostomus punctatus) is a tropical fish known as a Plecostomus belonging to the Armored Catfish family (Loricariidae). It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the Common Pleco by aquarists.
Hypostyle In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a flat ceiling which is supported by columns, as in the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak. In this case the columns flanking the central avenue are of greater height than those of the side aisles, and this admits of openings in the wall above the smaller columns, through which light is admitted over the aisle roof, through clerestory windows.
Hypothalamic hamartoma Hypothalamic hamartoma (abbreviated as HH) is a congenital condition consisting of a mass of disorganized neuronal or glial tissue on or near the hypothalamus. HH is generally not detected on CT scans, and on MRI it is isointense to gray matter.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) refers to a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions between: the hypothalamus, a hollow, funnel-shaped part of the brain; the pituitary gland, a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus; and the adrenal or suprarenal gland, a small, paired, pyramidal organ located at the top of each kidney. The fine, homeostatic interactions between these three organs constitute the HPA axis, a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes including digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (also HPTA) is a way of referring to the combined effects of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity. Because these glands often behave in cooperation, physiologists and endocrinologists find it convenient and descriptive to speak of them as a single system.
Hypothalamus The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑποθαλαμος = under the thalamus) is a region of the mammalian brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland," by synthesizing and secreting neurohormones, often called releasing hormones, as needed that control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland — among them, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Hypothecation The original use of the word hypothecation was for a pledge of property as collateral for a debt without transfer of possession to the party making the loan. The opposite arrangement is common with modern mortgages - the bank retains legal ownership of the property until the debt is paid off.
Hypersensitive response The hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism, used by plants, to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens. The HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection.
Hypersensitive site A hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNAase I and other various nucleases (DNAase II and micrococcal nucleases). In a hypersensitive site, the nucelosomal structure is not organized in the ususal fashion, which results in a 100 fold increase in sensitivity to enzyme attack than in bulk chromatin.
Hypersonic XLC Hypersonic XLC is a roller coaster located at Paramount's Kings Dominion near Richmond, Virginia. Hypersonic was the first compressed air launch coaster in the world, and still remains the only one in North America.
Hyperspace (book) Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the Tenth Dimension (1994) is a book by Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist from the City College of New York. It focuses on Kaku's studies of higher dimensions referred to as hyperspace.
Hyperspace (science fiction) In science fiction, hyperspace is any region of space co-existing with our own universe (in some cases displaced in an extra spatial dimension) which may be entered using some sort of energy field or space-altering device. While hyperspace is in some way anchored to the normal universe, its properties are not the same as normal space, so traveling in hyperspace is largely inequivalent to traveling in normal space.
Hyperspace theory Hyperspace theories are concerned with theoretical systems that have more than the familiar three spatial dimensions. Hyperspace theories are largely a mathematical theory but their developers often attempt to make them of use to physicists.
Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral imaging, sometimes referred to as spectral imaging, is an electron microscopy technique that involves microanalysis using either Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Infrared Spectroscopy(IR), Raman Spectroscopy, or cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, in which the entire spectrum measured at each point is recorded. EELS hyperspectral imaging is performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM); EDS and CL mapping can be performed in STEM as well, or in a scanning electron microscope or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).
Hypersphere (The History of the Galaxy) Hypersphere is a spatial anomaly that exists alongside the "normal" space-time continuum in the The History of the Galaxy series of novels by Russian science fiction writer Andrey Livadny. Similar to hyperspace in the TV series Babylon 5, hypersphere allows pseudo-FTL travel.
Hypertag Hypertag is a technology developed by Cambridge-based company Hypertag Ltd that allows ringtones and other files to be downloaded from advertisement posters into mobile phones using infrared and bluetooth technology.
Hypertensive emergency A hypertensive emergency is severe hypertension with acute impairment of an organ system (especially the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and/or the renal system) and the possibility of irreversible organ-damage. In case of a hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure should be lowered aggressively over minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent.
Hypertext In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), "branch or perform on request." Hypertext is a way of organizing material that attempts to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional text and in particular its linearity.
Hypertext Editing System The Hypertext Editing System, or HES, was an early hypertext research project conducted at Brown University in 1967 by Andries van Dam, Ted Nelson, and several Brown students. HES was a pioneering hypertext system that organized data into two main types: links and branching text.
Hypertext fiction Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links which provides a new context for non-linearity in "literature" and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories.
Hypertext poetry Hypertext poetry, a form of e-poetry, is hard to delineate, since it is often very visual, thus seeping into hypertext fiction and visual arts. A definition would include its use of links using hypertext mark-up.
Hyperthermophile A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments — that is, hotter than around 60 °C with an optimal temperature above 80 °C. The most heat tolerant hyperthermophile is the recently-discovered Strain 121 which has been able to double its population during 24 hours in an autoclave] at 121 °C (hence its name).
Hyperthymesia Hyperthymesia or hyperthymestic syndrome is a condition where the affected individual has a superior autobiographical memory. As first described in the Neurocase article "A case of unusual autobiographical remembering," the two defining characteristics of hyperthymesia are "1) the person spends an abnormally large amount of time thinking about his or her personal past, and 2) the person has an extraordinary capacity to recall specific events from their personal past" (Parker et al.
Hypertime Hypertime is a fictional concept presented in the 1998 comic book series The Kingdom, both a catch-all explanation for any continuity discrepancies in DC Universe stories and a variation or superset of the Multiverse that existed before Crisis on Infinite Earths.
Hypertrichosis lanuginosa Hypertrichosis lanuginosa, also called Ambras Syndrome, "congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa", and "congenital hypertrichosis universalis", is a genetic condition characterized by hair all over the body. This condition affects less than 1 person in a billion.
Hypertrophy-specific Training Hypertrophy-Specific Training (HST) is a method of strength training intended to induce muscle growth, or hypertrophy, in its practitioners. The method was popularized following an October 2000 ThinkMuscle newsletter article by fitness writer Bryan Haycock, which discussed methods he and his clients had been using for several years.
HyperTalk HyperTalk is a high-level programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. The main target audience of HyperTalk was beginning programmers, hence HyperTalk programmers were usually called authors, and the process of writing programs was called "scripting".
HyperTerminal HyperTerminal is a communications program bundled with multiple versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system. It is a tool used when connecting to other computers, bulletin board systems (BBSs), and a host of other Internet-related services.
HyperTransport Consortium The HyperTransport Consortium is an industry consortium responsible for specifying and promoting the computer bus technology called HyperTransport. It is led by founding members Advanced Micro Devices, Alliance Semiconductor, Apple Computer, Broadcom Corporation, Cisco Systems, NVIDIA, PMC-Sierra, Sun Microsystems, and Transmeta.
HyperTunnel HyperTunnel is GDA technologies implementation of a HyperTransport tunnel. This integrated circuit allows tunnel devices to be daisy chained together to form IO channels connecting multiple IO devices to a system.
Hypervalent molecule A hypervalent molecule is a molecule that contains one or more typical elements (group 1, 2, 13-18) formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the phosphate (PO43â’) ion, and the triiodide (I3â’) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
Hypervalue HYPER VALUE (HOLDINGS) LIMITED was incorporated in 1980 by Ken Rogers, the Founder and then Chairman of the Hypervalue Group. It is best known for the discount retail stores that encompass the whole of South Wales, extending into the South West of England and as far away as Southampton.
Hypervelocity star Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) are stars moving with high velocity relative to the galaxy, which have or will eventually escape from the Galaxy, hence also the name Exiled Stars. Ordinary stars in the galaxy have velocities not exceeding 200 km/s, while hypervelocity stars are moving at several times this speed.
Hyperventilation syndrome In psychiatry, hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) is an episodic disorder that often presents with chest pain and a tingling sensation of the fingertips (paresthesia) and around the mouth, as well as deep and labored breathing (causing hyperventilation), although chronic but subtle hyperventilation can cause these symptoms too.
Hypervigilance Hypervigilance is an enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats. For example, a driver who has previously been involved in a car accident may devote so much attention to road conditions and other cars on the road, that she doesn't hear her passenger.
Hypervisor In computing, a hypervisor (also: virtual machine monitor) is a virtualization platform that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer at the same time. The term usually refers to an implementation using full virtualization.
Hypex Electronics Hypex Electronics is a Dutch electronics company, mostly known for its Class D audio amplifier modules. The Class D audio modules employ a control method called UcD, invented by Bruno Putzeys and patented by Philips Electronics.
Hyphen (magazine) Hyphen is a nationally-distributed, independent Asian American magazine aimed at 20 and 30-something year-olds. The name of the magazine comes from a debate over the use of hyphens in denoting ethnic Americans.
Hyphen War The Hyphen War (in Czech Pomlčková válka, in Slovak Pomlčková vojna — literally "Dash War") was the tongue-in-cheek name given to the conflict over what to call Czechoslovakia after the fall of Communism.
Hyphenated American The term hyphenated American is an epithet from the early 20th century to refer to Americans who consider themselves of a distinct cultural origin other than the United States, and who claim to hold allegiance to both.
Hyphenation algorithm One of the reasons for the complexity of the rules of word-breaking, or hyphenation algorithm, is that different 'dialects' of English tend to differ on the rule: American English tends to work on sound, while British English tends to look to the origins of the word and then to sound. There are also a large number of exceptions which further complicates matters.
Hypholoma Fungi of the genus Hypholoma are quite well-known due to the commonness of Sulphur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) on stumps in temperate woodlands. This species is easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside.
Hypholoma fasciculare The Sulphur Tuft or Sulfur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) is a common woodland mushroom, often in evidence when hardly any other mushrooms are to be found. This small gill fungus grows in large clumps (Latin fascicularis = in bundles, clustered) mainly on stumps, dead roots or rotting trunks of broadleaved trees, more rarely on conifer wood.
Hypholoma sublateritium Hypholoma sublateritium, sometimes called Brick Cap, is rarer and less well-known than its relatives, the inedible Sulphur Tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) and the edible Hypholoma capnoides. Its fruiting bodies are generally larger than either of these.
Hyphy Hyphy (pronounced HI-fee; IPA: ) is a style of music and dance primarily associated with the Bay Area hip hop culture. It began to emerge in early 2000 as a response from Bay Area rappers against commercial hip hop for not acknowledging the Bay for setting trends in the hip hop industry.
Hypnagogia Hypnagogia (also spelled hypnogogia) are the experiences a person can go through in the hypnagogic (or hypnogogic) state, the period of falling asleep. Hypnopompia are the experiences a person may go through in the hypnopompic state, the period of waking up.
Hypno5ive Hypno5ive is a south Florida alternative dance music dj. He founded the historic Edge in Kendall in 1990 and helped give rise to the fledgling South Beach dance club scene of the time while promoting EBM and industrial music.
Hypnobirthing HypnoBirthing consists of a series of relaxation techniques used to help laboring mothers decrease pain and emotional stress during childbirth, without the use of drugs. HypnoBirthing is a form of self-hypnosis used primarily during an unmedicated vaginal delivery.
Hypnofetishism Hypnofetishism is the linking of hypnosis (or other forms of mind control) to sexuality, sometimes known by other names such as "hypnophilia", "erotic hypnosis" and "erotic mind control."
Hypnosis Hypnosis is a natural psychological process in which critical thinking faculties of the mind are bypassed and a type of selective thinking and perception is established. Although some individuals experience an increase in suggestibility and subjective feelings of an "altered state of consciousness," this is not true for everyone.
Hypnoskull Hypnoskull is the name of Belgian musical group whose style borrows elements of noise, industrial music, jungle, breakbeat, lo-fi, and techno. Hypnoskull currently releases music through Germany’s Ant-Zen record label.
Hypnosnlp HypnosNLP is a system of therapy based on the synergistic utilization of Hypnosis and NLP based techniques. It has been developed by Gregory AntĂŁo - a Licensed Practitioner of NLP and a Certified Hypnotherapist and continues to evolve continually - on the basis of ongoing experience, patient interaction and client feedback.
Hypnosurgery Hypnosurgery is the term given to an operation where the patient is sedated using hypnotherapy rather than traditional anaesthetics. In April 2006, the British television channel More4 broadcast a live hernia hypnosurgery operation.
Hypnotic Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep (which differentiates them from the sedative category), used in the treatment of severe insomnia and in surgical anesthesia. Often the treatment of insomnia will not begin with drugs at all; however, as many, though not all hypnotic drugs are habit forming.
Hypnotic susceptibility Hypnotic susceptibility is a measurement of how easily a person can be hypnotized. The are several types of scales used, however the most common are the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales.
Hypnotica Hypnotica is the second and probably the most popular album of Benny Benassi (Actually, the album titled as Benny Benassi Presents the Biz, the Biz refers to Benny Benassi's half-time musical partners). The album was released in 2003.
Hypnotize (System of a Down song) "Hypnotize" is the lead single for System of a Down's latest album of the same title, which was released on November 22, 2005 (see 2005 in music). The video was filmed on September 28, 2005, at the Van Andel Arena in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Hypo Group Alpe Adria The Hypo Group Alpe Adria is an Austrian banking group with numerous cross-border activities in eight countries of the Alps-Adriatic region. Its network of branches and offices extends from Austria through Italy and Liechtenstein, from Slovenia through Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Germany on to Brussels.
Hypoadrenia Hypoadrenia is a term for a hypothesised condition of the adrenal glands. The terms adrenal exhaustion or adrenal fatigue are often used (and connected to hypoadrenia) by complementary and alternative therapists, but are not formal medical terms.
Hypocatastasis Hypocatastasis is a figure of speech that by implication declares or implies a resemblance, representation or comparison. It differs from a metaphor, because in a metaphor the two nouns are both named and given; while, in hypocatastasis, only one is named and the other is implied, or as it were, is put down underneath out of sight.
Hypocenter The hypocenter or hypocentre (literally: 'below the center' from the Greek υπόκεντĎον), may refer to the site of an earthquake or to that of a nuclear explosion. In the former, it is a synonym of the focus; in the latter of ground zero.
Hypocephalus A hypocephalus is a small disk-shaped object made of papyrus, stuccoed linen, bronze, gold, wood, or clay, which ancient Egyptians placed under the head of their dead ("hypocephalus" = hypĂł {Greek: "under, below"} + cephalus {Latin, transliterated from Greek kephalos: "head"}). They believed it would magically cause the head and body to be enveloped in flames or radiance, making the deceased divine.
Hypocotyl Hypocotyl is a botanical term for a part of a germinating seedling of a seed plant. As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root and penetrates down into the soil.
Hypocras Hypocras (also hippocras) is a drink made from wine, possibly heated, and mixed with spices, most notably cinnamon. Its invention was traditionally attributed to the Greek physician Hippocrates (Vth century BCE), whose name would have been given to the concoction.
Hypocrisy Hypocrisy is the act of pretending or claiming to have beliefs, feelings, morals or virtues that one does not truly possess or practice. The word derives from the late Latin hypocrisis and Greek hypokrisis both meaning play-acting or pretense.
Hypocycloid In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. It is comparable to the cycloid but instead of the circle rolling along a line, it rolls within a circle.
Hypodermatinae Hypodermatinae is a subfamily of Oestridae which includes large, parasitic flies, some of which are known as warble flies. There are 9 genera in this subfamily, which typically spend their larval stage in the skin or soft tissues of mammals, including bovines (such species are often considered pests).
Hypodermic needle A hypodermic needle is a hollow needle commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body. They may also be used to take liquid samples from the body, for example taking blood from a vein in venipuncture.
Hypodermic needle model The hypodermic needle model is a model of communications also referred to as the magic bullet perspective. Essentially, this model holds that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.
Hypodescent Hypodescent is the practice of determining the lineage of a child of mixed race ancestry by assigning the child the race of his or her more socially subordinate parent. Because recent history shows Caucasians being socially dominant in the Western world, mixed race children are most commonly assigned to their non-Caucasian parent.
Hypodontia In dentistry, hypodontia is the condition of naturally having fewer than the regular number of teeth. In Caucasians, the most commonly missing teeth are the third molars (25-35%), the upper lateral incisors (2%) or the lower second premolars (3%) The congenital absence of all teeth is called anodontia.
Hypodorian mode The hypodorian mode, literally meaning 'below dorian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the dorian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint dorian tetrachords.
Hypoglossal canal The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull that transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. It lies in the epiphyseal junction between the basiocciput and the jugular process of the occipital bone.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is one of about 150 types of ectodermal dysplasia in humans. Before birth, these disorders result in the abnormal development of structures including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.
Hypocholesterolemia Hypocholesterolemia is the presence of abnormally low (hypo-) levels of cholesterol in the blood (-emia). While hypercholesterolemia, the presence of high cholesterol, has been linked strongly with cardiovascular disease, it is much less certain whether low cholesterol levels are intrinsically harmful.
Hypochondria Hypochondria (or hypochondriasis, sometimes referred to as health anxiety or health phobia) is a somatoform disorder in which one has the unfounded belief that one is suffering from a serious illness. Hypochondria is often characterized by irrational fears of being diseased/dying, obsessions over minor bodily symptoms or imperfections, doubt and disbelief in doctors' diagnosis, constant self-examination and self-diagnosis and preoccupation with one's body.
Hypochromic anemia Hypochromic anemia is a form of anemia characterized by a disproportionate reduction of red cell hemoglobin in proportion to the volume of the erythrocyte and an increased area of central pallor in the red cells.
Hypoid A hypoid is the name given to a type of helical (spiral) gear. The main application of this is in the final drive of an automobile, where the direction of the drive carried by the propeller shaft has to be turned through 90 degrees in order to power the driven wheels.
Hypokeimenon Hypokeimenon is a term in metaphysics which loosely means the "underlying thing" or the substratum. To search for the hypokeimenon is to search for that substance which persists in a thing going through change—its essential being.
Hypokinesia Hypokinesia refers to slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with basal ganglia diseases; mental disorders; prolonged inactivity due to illness; experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility; and other conditions.
Hypolepis ambigua Pigfern (Hypolepis ambigua) is a species of fern that grows in New Zealand. The fern has broad fronds which grow up to 120 cm long, the fronds have mostly colourless hairs and some brown-tinged hairs on the midribs, while the stalks have red-brown or pale-brown bristly hairs.
Hypolimnas bolina The Great Eggfly (Hypolimnas bolina ) (also called Blue Moon Butterfly in New Zealand or Common EggflyLiza Gross, "Conflict within the Genome: Evolving Defenses to Suppress the Male Killers", PLoS Biology, 4(9):e308, 2006.) is a species of nymphalid butterfly.
Hypolydian mode The Hypolydian mode, literally meaning 'below Lydian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the Lydian tetrachord: descending (the way the Greeks always wrote about it), a series of falling intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint Lydian tetrachords.
Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting intestinal magnesium absorption. Decreased intestinal magnesium reabsorption and the resulting decrease in serum magnesium levels is believed to cause lowered parathyroid hormone (PTH) output by the parathyroid gland.
Hypomania Hypomania is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. It is distinguished from mania by the absence of psychotic symptoms and by its lower degree of impact on functioning.
Hypomasculinity Hypomasculinity is a psychological term for the the absence of male stereotypical behaviour, such as an overemphasis on feelings, relationships, etc. A Jungian interpretation of this would be of an overwhelmingly strong anima or female complex.
Hypomnemata The hypomnemata is a special type of notebook used in ancient greek society by variety of common people such as tradesmen, philosophers, theologians, and students to keep personal records and fomulate opinions about the experience of the self. This habitual type of personal notekeeping was coming into vogue in Plato's time (ca.
Hyponastic response The hyponastic response is an upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from growth of the lower side. This can be observed in many terrestrial plants and is thought to be linked to the plant hormone ethylene.
Hypophosphorous acid Hypophosphorous acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a powerful reducing agent. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name (also as "HPA") although its official IUPAC name is phosphinic acid.
Hypophrygian mode The Hypophrygian mode, literally meaning 'below Phrygian', is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the Phrygian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by another whole tone. The rising scale for the octave is a single tone followed by two conjoint Phrygian tetrachords.
Hypopta agavis Hypopta agavis, whose larvae are known in Spanish as chilocuil, chinicuil, or tecol , is a moth native to North America. Its larvae feed on the succulent leaves of the maguey, although they are not considered a plague, as they have been traditionally used as food in North-Mexican cuisine.
Hyporheic Hyporheic flow is the multidimensional percolating-flow mixing of shallow groundwater and surface flow. Hyporheic flow spreads over the permeable region under and beside an open stream bed, circulates inside the interstitial space around the wetted perimeter of the bed, and recharges (or discharges) into the groundwater zone.
Hyposensitization Hyposensitization (or allergy desensitization) is a form of immunotherapy where the patient is gradually vaccinated against progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether.
Hyposmocoma molluscivora Hyposmocoma molluscivora is a Hawaiian moth whose larvae are predators, capturing snails in their silk, much like a hunting spider's web, and then crawling inside the snail's shell to eat it alive. It has been called the snail eating caterpillar or the flesh-eating caterpillar, though no common name has been widely prescribed to it.
Hypostasis (organization) Hypostasis Ltd is an Australian-based not-for-profit organization that provides peer support for people with type 1 diabetes (previously known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)), their friends and family.
Hypostasis (religion) In Christian usage, the Greek word hypostasis (), the range of whose meanings is illustrated in Liddel and Scott's Greek Lexicon, has a complicated and sometimes confusing history. Its basic meaning is "that which stands beneath".
Hypostatic abstraction Hypostatic abstraction, also known as hypostasis or subjectal abstraction, is a formal operation that takes an element of information, such as might be expressed in a proposition of the form X is Y, and conceives its information to consist in the relation between a subject and another subject, such as expressed in a proposition of the form X has Y-ness. The existence of the latter subject, here Y-ness, consists solely in the truth of those propositions that have the corresponding concrete term, here Y, as the predicate.
Hypostatic union Hypostatic Union (from the Greek: , "hypostasis," meaning essence)"" in Bauer, Danker, Arndt, & Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament & other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Hypostomus plecostomus The suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) is a tropical fish belonging to the armored catfish family (Loricariidae), named for the armor-like longitudinal rows of scutes that cover the upper parts of the head and body (the lower surface of head and abdomen is naked). Although the name Hypostomus plecostomus is often used to refer to Common plecs sold in aquarium shops, most are actually members of other genera.
Hypostomus punctatus The Suckermouthed Catfish (Hypostomus punctatus) is a tropical fish known as a Plecostomus belonging to the Armored Catfish family (Loricariidae). It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the Common Pleco by aquarists.
Hypostyle In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a flat ceiling which is supported by columns, as in the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak. In this case the columns flanking the central avenue are of greater height than those of the side aisles, and this admits of openings in the wall above the smaller columns, through which light is admitted over the aisle roof, through clerestory windows.
Hypothalamic hamartoma Hypothalamic hamartoma (abbreviated as HH) is a congenital condition consisting of a mass of disorganized neuronal or glial tissue on or near the hypothalamus. HH is generally not detected on CT scans, and on MRI it is isointense to gray matter.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) refers to a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions between: the hypothalamus, a hollow, funnel-shaped part of the brain; the pituitary gland, a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus; and the adrenal or suprarenal gland, a small, paired, pyramidal organ located at the top of each kidney. The fine, homeostatic interactions between these three organs constitute the HPA axis, a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes including digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (also HPTA) is a way of referring to the combined effects of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity. Because these glands often behave in cooperation, physiologists and endocrinologists find it convenient and descriptive to speak of them as a single system.
Hypothalamus The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑποθαλαμος = under the thalamus) is a region of the mammalian brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland," by synthesizing and secreting neurohormones, often called releasing hormones, as needed that control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland — among them, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Hypothecation The original use of the word hypothecation was for a pledge of property as collateral for a debt without transfer of possession to the party making the loan. The opposite arrangement is common with modern mortgages - the bank retains legal ownership of the property until the debt is paid off.
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