Encyclopedia > I > 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
IBM Informix-4GL Informix-4GL is a 4GL programming language developed by Informix during the mid-1980s. It includes embedded SQL, a report writer language, a form language, and a limited set of imperative capabilities (functions, if and while statements, etc.
IBM Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) is IBM’s Systems Application Architecture host-to-printer data stream for Advanced Function Presentation subsystems. It provides an attachment-independent interface for controlling and managing all-points-addressable (APA) printers that allows the presentation of pages containing an architecturally unlimited mixture of different data types, including text, image, graphics, bar code, and object container.
IBM IS1 IS/1 Notley, M, "Peterlee IS/1 System", UKSC Report 18, 1972 was the world's first relational database system, implemented at the IBM United Kingdom Scientific Centre in Peterlee in the years 1970–1972. It had limited facilities but implemented a true relational model.
IBM Lotus Domino Lotus Domino is an IBM server product that provides enterprise-grade e-mail, collaboration capabilities and custom application platform. Domino began life as Lotus Notes Server, the server component of Lotus Development Corporation's client-server messaging technology.
IBM Lotus Domino Web Access The software product IBM Lotus Domino Web Access (DWA), formerly known as iNotes or as iNotes Web Access, offers a fully-featured web-based version of the IBM Lotus Notes client. It provides an interactive interface that duplicates the functionality of the IBM Lotus Notes email client within a web browser.
IBM Lotus QuickPlace IBM Lotus QuickPlace is a proprietary Web-based collaborative software application distributed by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus QuickPlace is a self-service Web tool that provides non-technical professionals the ability to easily create a browser-accessible workspace to support a task, project, or initiative.
IBM Lotus Quickr Announced at the Lotusphere 2007, IBM Lotus Quickr is a Web 2.0-based collaborative content offering designed to transform the way documents and rich media are shared, enabling more effective team collaboration.
IBM Lotus Sametime Lotus Sametime is an enterprise instant messaging and web conferencing application sold by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus Sametime provides enterprise instant messaging functionality, presence information, and web conferencing.
IBM Lotus Web Conferencing Lotus Web Conferencing is a web conferencing application software product that enables users to communicate and collaborate online via teleconference, online chat, and interactive whiteboard, as well as with shared applications and documents.
IBM Lotus Word Pro Lotus Word Pro is word processor software produced by IBM's Lotus Software group for use on Microsoft Windows-compatible computers and on IBM OS/2 Warp. Word Pro can be obtained as part of the Lotus SmartSuite office suite.
IBM MareNostrum MareNostrum is the most powerful supercomputer in Europe (and the world's fifth most powerful) as of November 2006], according to the [[LINPACK benchmark. It was presented by IBM and MarĂa JesĂşs San Segundo, the Spanish Minister of Education and Science.
IBM Millipede Millipede is a non-volatile computer memory stored on nanoscopic pits burned into the surface of a thin polymer layer, read and written by a MEMS-based probe. It promises a data density of more than 1 Terabit per square inch (1 Gigabit per square millimeter), about four times the density of the best magnetic storage available today.
IBM Monochrome Display Adapter The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) introduced in 1981 was IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC. The MDA did not have any graphics mode of any kind; it only featured a single monochrome text mode (PC video mode 7), which could display 80 columns by 25 lines of high resolution text characters.
IBM Multicolor Graphics Adapter Multicolor Graphics Adapter (MCGA) was the IBM name for what would later become part of the generic Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. The IBM PS/2 Model 25, introduced in 1987, shipped with MCGA built into the mainboard.
IBM NORC The IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator (NORC) was a one-of-a-kind first-generation (vacuum tube) electronic computer built by IBM for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. It went into service in December 1954 and was likely the most powerful computer at the time.
IBM OfficeVision OfficeVision is an IBM proprietary office support application that runs on IBM's VM operating system and its user interface CMS. (Other platform versions were available, OV/MVS and OV/400 among them, but were not popular.
IBM OLIVER (CICS interactive test/debug) OLIVER (CICS interactive test/debug) was a proprietary testing and debugging toolkit for interactively testing programs designed to run on IBM's Customer Information Control System (CICS) on IBM's System/360/370/390 architecture.
IBM OS/2 OS/2 is a computer operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively. The name stands for "Operating System/2", because it was introduced as the preferred operating system for IBM's "Personal System/2 (PS/2)" line of second-generation Personal Computers.
IBM p690 The IBM p690 was, at the time of its release in late 2001, the flagship of IBM's high end unix servers (pSeries) during the POWER4 era of processors. It was built to run IBM AIX Unix, although it is possible to run a version Linux minus some POWER4 specific features.
IBM Parallel Sysplex In computing, a Parallel Sysplex is a cluster of IBM mainframes acting together in a single system image, usually with z/OS. A Parallel Sysplex combines data sharing (typically using Peer to Peer Remote Copy) and parallel computing to allow a cluster of up to 32 computers to share a workload for high performance and high availability.
IBM PALM processor The IBM PALM processor (Put All Logic in Microcode) was a board-level 16-bit processor used in the IBM 5100 Portable Computer, a predecessor of the IBM PC. PALM was also used in the IBM 5110 and IBM 5120 followon machines.
IBM PC compatible IBM PC compatible is a class of computers which make up the vast majority of small computers (microcomputers) on the market today. They are based on the IBM PC design originated by International Business Machines (IBM).
IBM PC-DOS IBM PC-DOS was one of three major operating systems that dominated the personal computer market from about 1985 to 1995. The original 1981 arrangement between IBM and Microsoft was that Microsoft would provide the base product and that both firms would work on developing different parts of it into a more powerful and robust system, and then share the resultant code.
IBM PCjr The IBM PCjr (read "PC junior") was IBM's first attempt to enter the market for relatively inexpensive educational and home-use personal computers. The PCjr, IBM model number 4860, retained the IBM PC's 8088 CPU and BIOS interface for compatibility, but differences in the PCjr's architecture, as well as other design and implementation decisions, eventually led the PCjr to be a commercial failure in the marketplace.
IBM Personal Computer XT The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the PC XT or simply XT, was IBM's successor to the original IBM PC. It was released as IBM product number 5160 on March 8, 1983, and was one of the first computers to come standard with a hard drive.
IBM Personal Computer/AT The IBM Personal Computer/AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-generation PC, designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor running at 6 MHz and released in 1984 as model number 5170. Because the AT used various technologies that were rare at the time in personal computers, the name AT originally stood for Advanced Technology, and indeed, the Intel 80286 processor used in the AT supported Protected mode.
IBM Personal System/2 PS/2 systems introduced a new specification for the keyboard and mouse interfaces, which are still in use today and are thus called "PS/2" interface. The PS/2 keyboard interface was electronically identical to the long-established AT interface, but the cable connector was changed from the 5-pin DIN connector to the smaller 6-pin mini-DIN interface, as was the PS/2 mouse interface.
IBM PL/S PL/S, short for Programming Language/Systems, is a "machine-oriented" programming language based on PL/I. It was developed by IBM in the late 1960s as a replacement for assembly language on internal software projects; it included support for inline assembly and explicit control over register usage.
IBM Portable Personal Computer The IBM Portable Personal Computer 5155 model 68 was an early portable computer developed by IBM after the success of Compaq's suitcase-size portable machine (the Compaq Portable). It was released in February, 1984, and was eventually replaced by the IBM Convertible.
IBM Product Test IBM Product Test was a group level organization for testing of IBM hardware and software products. It was housed in a number of laboratories associated with the various manufacturing and software development facilities.
IBM railway station IBM railway station is a railway station on the Inverclyde Line. As the name suggests, it is located within the confines of a large facility formerly owned entirely by IBM, a major employer for the town of Greenock.
IBM Rational Application Developer IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software (RAD) is an integrated development environment (IDE), made by IBM's Rational Software division, for visually designing, constructing, testing, and deploying Web services, portals and Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications.
IBM Rational ClearCase UCM UCM or Unified Change Management is a layer built on Rational ClearCase to provide additional Software Configuration Management features. These changes include integration with ClearQuest to enforce defect and change tracking with code development through the use of activities.
IBM Research IBM Research, a division of IBM, is a research and advanced development organization and currently consists of eight locations throughout the world and hundreds of projects. Its origins can be traced to the establishment in 1945 of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University.
IBM Roadrunner Roadrunner is the name given to a next-generation supercomputer to be built at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. The computer may achieve a sustained performance level of 1 petaflops, or 1,000 trillion (1 quadrillion) calculations per second.
IBM Rochester IBM Rochester is the facility of International Business Machines in Rochester, Minnesota. The initial structure was designed by Eero Saarinen, who clad the structure in blue panels of varying hues after being inspired by the Minnesota sky.
IBM RPG II RPG II is a version of the RPG programming language. It was developed in the late 1960s and was offered on a number of different computers, including the IBM System/3 System/32, System/34, System/36, System/370 and the Wang VSSeries.
IBM SAN File System The IBM SAN File System is a distributed, heterogeneous file system developed by IBM to be used in storage area networks. There are many virtualization features included, such as allowing heterogeneous operating systems to access the same data and file spaces.
IBM Secure Blue SecureBlue is a hardware design by IBM responsible for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. It is considered as the low cost encrypting solution that can be incorporated into inexpensive devices which due to the cost of previous encrypting solutions could not offer such function.
IBM Series/1 The IBM Series/1 computer was a 16-bit minicomputer that in many respects competed with other minicomputers of the time such as the PDP-11 from Digital Equipment Corporation and similar offerings from Data General and HP. Series/1's were typically used to control and operate external electro-mechanical components while also allowing for primitive data storage and handling.
IBM Servlet-based Content Creation Framework The IBM Servlet-based Content Creation Framework (also known by its internal name Hamlets) is a system for generating web-pages developed by René Pawlitzek at IBM. He defines a servlet extension called Hamlet that reads XHTML template files containing presentation using SAX (the Simple API for XML) and dynamically adds content on the fly to those places in the template which are marked with special tags and IDs using a small set of callback functions.
IBM Simon The IBM Simon Personal Communicator was the first attempt to market a commercially viable smartphone and was a joint venture between IBM and BellSouth. Simon was first shown as a product concept in 1992 at COMDEX, the communications industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada.
IBM Solid Logic Technology Solid Logic Technology (SLT) was IBM's method for packaging electronic circuitry introduced in 1964 with the IBM System/360 series and related machines. IBM chose to design custom hybrid circuits using discrete, flip chip-mounted, glass-encapsulated transistors and diodes, with silk screened resistors on a ceramic substrate.
IBM Standard Modular System The Standard Modular System (SMS) was a system of standard transistorized circuit boards and mounting racks developed by IBM in the late 1950s, originally for the IBM 7030 STRETCH. They were used throughout IBM's second generation computers and peripherals, notably the 7000 and 1400 lines and the 1620.
IBM Subsystem Device Driver IBM TotalStorage Multipath Subsystem Device Driver (formerly Data Path Optimizer) is a multi-platform pseudo or MPIO Framework device driver designed to support the multipath configuration environments in IBM storage environments.
IBM Sysplex In IBM mainframe computers, a Systems Complex, commonly called a Sysplex, is one or more System/390 processors joined into a single unit, sharing the same Sysplex name and CDS. Put another way, a Sysplex is an instance of a computer system running on one or more physical computers.
IBM System Management Facilities IBM SMF is a feature of IBM's z/OS for mainframe computers. SMF provides full "instrumentation" of all baseline activities running on that IBM mainframe operating system, including I/O, network activity, software usage, error conditions, processor utilization, etc.
IBM System R System R is a database system built as a research project at IBM San Jose Research (now IBM Almaden Research Center) in the 1970s. System R was a seminal project: it was the first implementation of Structured Query Language (SQL), which has since become the standard relational data query language.
IBM System/3 The IBM System/3 (introduced 1969 discontinued 1985) was a low-end business computer aimed at new customers and organizations that still used IBM 1400 series computers or unit record equipment. It featured a new punch card format that was smaller and stored 96 characters.
IBM System/360 The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a mainframe computer system family announced by IBM on April 7, 1964. It was the first family of computers making a clear distinction between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different price points.
IBM System/370 The IBM System/370 (often: S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family. The series maintained backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for customers; this, plus improved performance, were the dominant themes of the product announcement.
IBM System/4 Pi The IBM System/4 Pi is a family of radiation hardened avionics computers used, in various versions, on the B-52 bomber, the F-15 fighter, NASA's Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle, as well as other aircraft. It descends from the System/360 mainframe family of computers.
IBM System/88 IBM fault tolerant minicomputer based on Stratus Technologies -- basically a Stratus system with an IBM badge on it. Announced 1985, withdrawn as an IBM product 1993, although IBM continued to offer Stratus systems for sale (as a reseller) to System/88 customers.
IBM Systems Application Architecture Systems Application Architecture (SAA) is a set of standards for computer software, developed by IBM in the 1980s and implemented in IBM operating systems including OS/2. The purpose of the standards was to enable the development of interoperable software on different platforms and operating systems.
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin The IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin was a technical publication produced by IBM between 1958 and 1998. The purpose of the Bulletin was to disclose inventions that IBM did not want their competitors to get patents on.
IBM ThinkPad Butterfly keyboard The TrackWrite™, also known as the butterfly keyboard, is a foldout laptop computer keyboard designed by IBM for the ThinkPad 701 series, released in 1995. It allowed the 701 series to be both compact (when closed) and comfortable to use (when open), despite being just 24.
IBM ThinkPad ThinkLight ThinkLight is a keyboard light produced by IBM, and is only present in the ThinkPad family of notebooks. A white or yellow LED (depending on model) is located on the top edge of the display, illuminating the keyboard to allow use in low-light conditions.
IBM Tivoli Access Manager The IBM Tivoli Access Manager enables the integration of Access Manager applications that provide a wide range of authorization and management solutions. It is sold as an integrated solution, this is one of many IBM products that provide an access control management solution that centralizes network and application security policy for e-business applications.
IBM Tivoli Directory Integrator Using a set of Event handlers (system exits) IBM Tivoli Directory Integrator gives you the tools to wait for data to change and to do something with it when that happens. Out of the box you can look for changes in a directory, incoming e-mails, records updated in certain databases, incoming HTML pages from a Web server or browser, arriving Web services-based Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) messages.
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (ITSM) is a centralized policy-based data backup and recovery software. The software enables a user to backup, restore, archive, and retrieve data from a hierarchy of data storage areas.
IBM TopView TopView was a text-mode MS-DOS multitasker written by IBM and released in 1985. In order to compete with various other graphical environments, IBM announced TopView before it was finished, around the time they shipped their new PC AT computer (in 1984).
IBM TPNS TPNS (Teleprocessing Network Simulator) is an IBM product used to simulate large numbers of network terminals to a host system. Primarily an SNA terminal simulator, it is also capable of simulating non-SNA terminals types such as X.
IBM Type-III Library The IBM Type-III Library (also: Type-III software, Type-III product) was software provided by IBM to its customers, available without charge, liability, or support, and typically (perhaps always) in source-code format. Well-known examples are for mainframe software; IBM may have also used this same classification on smaller systems.
IBM UniData UniData is a Nested relational database management system (RDBMS) and operating environment that runs on the major Unix servers and Windows NT/2000. Designed for embedding in vertical software applications, UniData was originally developed by the UniData Corporation.
IBM ViaVoice IBM ViaVoice is a range of language-specific continuous speech recognition software products offered by IBM. Individual language editions may have different features, specifications, technical support, and microphone support.
IBM ViVA ViVA (Virtual Vector Architecture) is a technology from IBM for coupling together multiple scalar floating point units to act as a single vector processor. Certain computing tasks are more efficiently handled through vector computations where an instruction can be applied to multiple elements simultaneously, rather than the scalar approach where one instruction is applied to one piece of data at a time.
IBM VNET VNET was a nationwide computer networking system deployed in the early 1980's and still in current, but highly diminished use. It was developed by IBM, and provided the main email and file-transfer backbone for the company throughout the 1980's and 1990's.
IBM WebSphere WebSphere refers to a brand of proprietary IBM software products, although the term also popularly refers to one specific product: WebSphere Application Server (WAS). WebSphere helped define the middleware software category and is designed to set up, operate and integrate e-business applications across multiple computing platforms using Web technologies.
IBM WebSphere Commerce IBM WebSphere Commerce is the industry leading next-generation e-commerce software solution. It is the single, unified platform which offers the ability to do business directly with consumers (B2C), with businesses (B2B), and indirectly through channel partners (indirect business models), or all of this simultaneously.
IBM WebSphere DataStage IBM WebSphere DataStage is an ETL tool and part of the IBM WebSphere Information Integration suite and the IBM Information Server. It uses a graphical notation to construct data integration solutions and is available in various different versions such as the Server Edition and the Enterprise Edition.
IBM WebSphere Edge Server WebSphere Edge Server (now renamed "WebSphere Edge Components") is a set of web server/application server components that are intended to improve the performance of web-based systems. It is part of the IBM WebSphere product suite.
IBM WebSphere Information Integration WebSphere Information Integration is a suite of business software for data management tasks such as profiling, cleansing, transformation and metadata management. The suite was formerly known as the Ascential Information Integration suite and renamed to the WebSphere Information Integration suite after Ascential Software was acquired by IBM in 2005.
IBM WebSphere Integration Developer WebSphere Integration Developer (WID) is an integrated development environment for building applications based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). It is the authoring tool for WebSphere Process Server and WebSphere ESB V6.
IBM WebSphere Message Broker WebSphere Message Broker is an IBM's information broker from the WebSphere product family that allows business data and information in the form of messages to flow between disparate applications across multiple hardware and software platforms. Business rules can be applied to the data flowing through the message broker to route, store, retrieve, and transform the information.
IBM WebSphere Process Server WebSphere Process Server is the runtime engine for artifacts produced in a business-driven development process. Technically, WebSphere Process Server is mounted on top of WebSphere Application Server and extends the WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus.
IBM Workplace IBM Workplace is a family of products and technologies from IBM for creating adaptive, unified, secure work environments that can be customized based on users' unique roles and/or skill levels in the organization.
IBOLT iBOLT Studio is an enterprise application integration (EAI) and business process management (BPM) software by Magic Software Enterprises. Following the introduction of iBOLT, Magic Software Enterprises was placed in the integrated services environment quadrant by information technology analysts at Gartner Magic Software website, http://www.
IBOPA IBOPA (pronounced eye-boh-pah) is nine-piece band of a mish-mosh genre personally dubbed "Cinematic Death Mambo" from Palo Alto, California. Their name is an abbreviation for the Indestructible Beat of Palo Alto, a parody on the album The Indestructible Beat of Soweto.
IBOPE IBOPE (Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics -- in Portuguese, Instituto Brasileiro de OpiniĂŁo PĂşblica e EstatĂstica) is an institute that conducts research on various topics both in and outside Brazil.
IBOPE media information IBOPE media information (IMI) is a media business unit from the IBOPE Group in Latin-America. Operating in 13 countries of the continent and with a commercial office in Miami, it is responsible for regional clients.
IBOT The iBOT is a variety of powered wheelchair, developed by Dean Kamen in a partnership between DEKA and Johnson and Johnson's Independence Technology division. It is a medical technology, made to help people with severe mobility problems.
IBrowse IBrowse is a web browser for the Amiga range of computers, and was a rewritten follow-on to Amiga Mosaic, one of the first web browsers for the Amiga Computer. IBrowse was originally developed for a company called Omnipresence, now defunct.
Icaria Icaria, also spelled Ikaria (Greek: ΙκαĎία), locally Nikaria or Nicaria (ΝικαĎιά), previous name: Doliche (Δολίχη), is a Greek island 10 nautical miles (19 km) south-west of Samos. It derived its name from Icarus, the son of Daedalus in Greek mythology, who fell into the sea nearby.
Icaridin Icaridin is an insect repellent owned and manufactured by Lanxess AG, with the formula C12H23NO3, CAS number: 119515-38-7. It has a broad efficacy against several different insects and is almost colorless and odorless.
Icariine Liquor Icariine Liquor is an alcoholic drink that contains icarii, or herba epidemii. The liquor is available in Korea, as a bottled 30% alcohol beverage product, on the North Korean government-sponsored portal Naenara.
Icaros Icaros are medicine songs, used as part of the toolkit of Shamans and Curanderos in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Typically, but not always, they are used in Ayahuasca ceremonies to fulfill such purposes as removing bad spirits from an afflicted person.
Icarus (comics) Icarus, (Joshua "Jay" Guthrie), is a fictional character, a mutant superhero in the Marvel Comics universe. He is a member of the student body at the Xavier Institute and a member of the former New Mutants squad.
Icarus (fictional spacecraft) The Icarus is the name given to the spacecraft seen in the Planet of the Apes movies and TV series. Although the name is never actually given onscreen, Apes fan Larry Evans gave the previously unnamed spacecraft the name "Icarus".
Icarus (mythology) In Greek mythology, Icarus (Latin, Greek – Íkaros, Etruscan – Vicare, German – Ikarus) was son of Daedalus, famous for his death by falling into the sea when he flew too close to the sun, melting the wax holding his artificial wings together.
Icarus Project The Icarus Project is a grassroots network comprised of a National Organizing Collective, autonomous local groups and individuals that are "living with experiences that are commonly labeled as bipolar disorder or related mental illness." It is a radical mental health movement that advocates that these experiences should be viewed as "dangerous gifts to be cultivated and taken care of, rather than a disease or disorder to be suppressed or eliminated," promotes art and creativity as intrinsic to these experiences, envisions radical political change in society as a whole, and includes alternate ways of treatment and care beyond the medical model.
Icasa The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) is the regulator of telecommunications and the broadcasting sectors. It took over the functions of two previous regulators, the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (SATRA) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA).
Ice age An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation"). Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a period of ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres; by this definition we are still in an ice age (because the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist).
Ice algae "Ice algae" is a general term used to describe all the various types of algal communities encountered in annual and multi-year sea-ice. The ice algal communities play an important role in primary production and are therefore considered an important part of both Polar ecosystems.
Ice Age (Magic: The Gathering) Ice Age was the eleventh Magic: The Gathering set and the sixth expansion set, released in June 1995. Set in the years from 450 to 2934 AR, the set describes a world set in perpetual winter due to the events in Antiquities.
Ice Age National Scientific Reserve The Ice Age National Scientific Reserve collects nine sites in Wisconsin which preserve geological evidence of glaciation. The sites, mostly preexisting Wisconsin state parks or other protected areas, are administered by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
Ice Age Trail The Ice Age Trail is a designated National Scenic Trail in the United States that will run some 1,200 miles through the state of Wisconsin. It was established by Act of Congress in 1980 as a result of Congressman Henry S.
Ice blocking Ice blocking is a quasi-sport in which individuals race to the bottom of a hill sitting on large blocks of ice. It is most popular among students and is sometimes recommended as a good activity for dating or scout camps.
Ice boat An Ice boat (more commonly spelled as one word - iceboat, once called an "ice scooter") is a boat or purpose built framework similar in appearance to a sail boat but fitted with skis or runners (skates) and designed to run over ice instead of (liquid) water, known in the sport as "soft water." Iceboats commonly used for racing are usually only for one person.
Ice Barbarians In the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, the Ice Barbarians, properly known as the Kingdom of (the) Cruski, is a political state of the Flanaess. The people themselves are sometimes referred to as simply the Cruski.
Ice Bowl The Ice Bowl is the colloquial name for a number of sporting events played in extremely cold weather. The word "bowl" has long been used in the United States to indicate a major college or professional American football game, typically one involving a championship, title, trophy or other special award to distinguish it from a regular season game.
IBM Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) is IBM’s Systems Application Architecture host-to-printer data stream for Advanced Function Presentation subsystems. It provides an attachment-independent interface for controlling and managing all-points-addressable (APA) printers that allows the presentation of pages containing an architecturally unlimited mixture of different data types, including text, image, graphics, bar code, and object container.
IBM IS1 IS/1 Notley, M, "Peterlee IS/1 System", UKSC Report 18, 1972 was the world's first relational database system, implemented at the IBM United Kingdom Scientific Centre in Peterlee in the years 1970–1972. It had limited facilities but implemented a true relational model.
IBM Lotus Domino Lotus Domino is an IBM server product that provides enterprise-grade e-mail, collaboration capabilities and custom application platform. Domino began life as Lotus Notes Server, the server component of Lotus Development Corporation's client-server messaging technology.
IBM Lotus Domino Web Access The software product IBM Lotus Domino Web Access (DWA), formerly known as iNotes or as iNotes Web Access, offers a fully-featured web-based version of the IBM Lotus Notes client. It provides an interactive interface that duplicates the functionality of the IBM Lotus Notes email client within a web browser.
IBM Lotus QuickPlace IBM Lotus QuickPlace is a proprietary Web-based collaborative software application distributed by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus QuickPlace is a self-service Web tool that provides non-technical professionals the ability to easily create a browser-accessible workspace to support a task, project, or initiative.
IBM Lotus Quickr Announced at the Lotusphere 2007, IBM Lotus Quickr is a Web 2.0-based collaborative content offering designed to transform the way documents and rich media are shared, enabling more effective team collaboration.
IBM Lotus Sametime Lotus Sametime is an enterprise instant messaging and web conferencing application sold by the Lotus Software division of IBM. Lotus Sametime provides enterprise instant messaging functionality, presence information, and web conferencing.
IBM Lotus Web Conferencing Lotus Web Conferencing is a web conferencing application software product that enables users to communicate and collaborate online via teleconference, online chat, and interactive whiteboard, as well as with shared applications and documents.
IBM Lotus Word Pro Lotus Word Pro is word processor software produced by IBM's Lotus Software group for use on Microsoft Windows-compatible computers and on IBM OS/2 Warp. Word Pro can be obtained as part of the Lotus SmartSuite office suite.
IBM MareNostrum MareNostrum is the most powerful supercomputer in Europe (and the world's fifth most powerful) as of November 2006], according to the [[LINPACK benchmark. It was presented by IBM and MarĂa JesĂşs San Segundo, the Spanish Minister of Education and Science.
IBM Millipede Millipede is a non-volatile computer memory stored on nanoscopic pits burned into the surface of a thin polymer layer, read and written by a MEMS-based probe. It promises a data density of more than 1 Terabit per square inch (1 Gigabit per square millimeter), about four times the density of the best magnetic storage available today.
IBM Monochrome Display Adapter The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) introduced in 1981 was IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC. The MDA did not have any graphics mode of any kind; it only featured a single monochrome text mode (PC video mode 7), which could display 80 columns by 25 lines of high resolution text characters.
IBM Multicolor Graphics Adapter Multicolor Graphics Adapter (MCGA) was the IBM name for what would later become part of the generic Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. The IBM PS/2 Model 25, introduced in 1987, shipped with MCGA built into the mainboard.
IBM NORC The IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator (NORC) was a one-of-a-kind first-generation (vacuum tube) electronic computer built by IBM for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. It went into service in December 1954 and was likely the most powerful computer at the time.
IBM OfficeVision OfficeVision is an IBM proprietary office support application that runs on IBM's VM operating system and its user interface CMS. (Other platform versions were available, OV/MVS and OV/400 among them, but were not popular.
IBM OLIVER (CICS interactive test/debug) OLIVER (CICS interactive test/debug) was a proprietary testing and debugging toolkit for interactively testing programs designed to run on IBM's Customer Information Control System (CICS) on IBM's System/360/370/390 architecture.
IBM OS/2 OS/2 is a computer operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively. The name stands for "Operating System/2", because it was introduced as the preferred operating system for IBM's "Personal System/2 (PS/2)" line of second-generation Personal Computers.
IBM p690 The IBM p690 was, at the time of its release in late 2001, the flagship of IBM's high end unix servers (pSeries) during the POWER4 era of processors. It was built to run IBM AIX Unix, although it is possible to run a version Linux minus some POWER4 specific features.
IBM Parallel Sysplex In computing, a Parallel Sysplex is a cluster of IBM mainframes acting together in a single system image, usually with z/OS. A Parallel Sysplex combines data sharing (typically using Peer to Peer Remote Copy) and parallel computing to allow a cluster of up to 32 computers to share a workload for high performance and high availability.
IBM PALM processor The IBM PALM processor (Put All Logic in Microcode) was a board-level 16-bit processor used in the IBM 5100 Portable Computer, a predecessor of the IBM PC. PALM was also used in the IBM 5110 and IBM 5120 followon machines.
IBM PC compatible IBM PC compatible is a class of computers which make up the vast majority of small computers (microcomputers) on the market today. They are based on the IBM PC design originated by International Business Machines (IBM).
IBM PC-DOS IBM PC-DOS was one of three major operating systems that dominated the personal computer market from about 1985 to 1995. The original 1981 arrangement between IBM and Microsoft was that Microsoft would provide the base product and that both firms would work on developing different parts of it into a more powerful and robust system, and then share the resultant code.
IBM PCjr The IBM PCjr (read "PC junior") was IBM's first attempt to enter the market for relatively inexpensive educational and home-use personal computers. The PCjr, IBM model number 4860, retained the IBM PC's 8088 CPU and BIOS interface for compatibility, but differences in the PCjr's architecture, as well as other design and implementation decisions, eventually led the PCjr to be a commercial failure in the marketplace.
IBM Personal Computer XT The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the PC XT or simply XT, was IBM's successor to the original IBM PC. It was released as IBM product number 5160 on March 8, 1983, and was one of the first computers to come standard with a hard drive.
IBM Personal Computer/AT The IBM Personal Computer/AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-generation PC, designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor running at 6 MHz and released in 1984 as model number 5170. Because the AT used various technologies that were rare at the time in personal computers, the name AT originally stood for Advanced Technology, and indeed, the Intel 80286 processor used in the AT supported Protected mode.
IBM Personal System/2 PS/2 systems introduced a new specification for the keyboard and mouse interfaces, which are still in use today and are thus called "PS/2" interface. The PS/2 keyboard interface was electronically identical to the long-established AT interface, but the cable connector was changed from the 5-pin DIN connector to the smaller 6-pin mini-DIN interface, as was the PS/2 mouse interface.
IBM PL/S PL/S, short for Programming Language/Systems, is a "machine-oriented" programming language based on PL/I. It was developed by IBM in the late 1960s as a replacement for assembly language on internal software projects; it included support for inline assembly and explicit control over register usage.
IBM Portable Personal Computer The IBM Portable Personal Computer 5155 model 68 was an early portable computer developed by IBM after the success of Compaq's suitcase-size portable machine (the Compaq Portable). It was released in February, 1984, and was eventually replaced by the IBM Convertible.
IBM Product Test IBM Product Test was a group level organization for testing of IBM hardware and software products. It was housed in a number of laboratories associated with the various manufacturing and software development facilities.
IBM railway station IBM railway station is a railway station on the Inverclyde Line. As the name suggests, it is located within the confines of a large facility formerly owned entirely by IBM, a major employer for the town of Greenock.
IBM Rational Application Developer IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software (RAD) is an integrated development environment (IDE), made by IBM's Rational Software division, for visually designing, constructing, testing, and deploying Web services, portals and Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications.
IBM Rational ClearCase UCM UCM or Unified Change Management is a layer built on Rational ClearCase to provide additional Software Configuration Management features. These changes include integration with ClearQuest to enforce defect and change tracking with code development through the use of activities.
IBM Research IBM Research, a division of IBM, is a research and advanced development organization and currently consists of eight locations throughout the world and hundreds of projects. Its origins can be traced to the establishment in 1945 of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University.
IBM Roadrunner Roadrunner is the name given to a next-generation supercomputer to be built at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. The computer may achieve a sustained performance level of 1 petaflops, or 1,000 trillion (1 quadrillion) calculations per second.
IBM Rochester IBM Rochester is the facility of International Business Machines in Rochester, Minnesota. The initial structure was designed by Eero Saarinen, who clad the structure in blue panels of varying hues after being inspired by the Minnesota sky.
IBM RPG II RPG II is a version of the RPG programming language. It was developed in the late 1960s and was offered on a number of different computers, including the IBM System/3 System/32, System/34, System/36, System/370 and the Wang VSSeries.
IBM SAN File System The IBM SAN File System is a distributed, heterogeneous file system developed by IBM to be used in storage area networks. There are many virtualization features included, such as allowing heterogeneous operating systems to access the same data and file spaces.
IBM Secure Blue SecureBlue is a hardware design by IBM responsible for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. It is considered as the low cost encrypting solution that can be incorporated into inexpensive devices which due to the cost of previous encrypting solutions could not offer such function.
IBM Series/1 The IBM Series/1 computer was a 16-bit minicomputer that in many respects competed with other minicomputers of the time such as the PDP-11 from Digital Equipment Corporation and similar offerings from Data General and HP. Series/1's were typically used to control and operate external electro-mechanical components while also allowing for primitive data storage and handling.
IBM Servlet-based Content Creation Framework The IBM Servlet-based Content Creation Framework (also known by its internal name Hamlets) is a system for generating web-pages developed by René Pawlitzek at IBM. He defines a servlet extension called Hamlet that reads XHTML template files containing presentation using SAX (the Simple API for XML) and dynamically adds content on the fly to those places in the template which are marked with special tags and IDs using a small set of callback functions.
IBM Simon The IBM Simon Personal Communicator was the first attempt to market a commercially viable smartphone and was a joint venture between IBM and BellSouth. Simon was first shown as a product concept in 1992 at COMDEX, the communications industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada.
IBM Solid Logic Technology Solid Logic Technology (SLT) was IBM's method for packaging electronic circuitry introduced in 1964 with the IBM System/360 series and related machines. IBM chose to design custom hybrid circuits using discrete, flip chip-mounted, glass-encapsulated transistors and diodes, with silk screened resistors on a ceramic substrate.
IBM Standard Modular System The Standard Modular System (SMS) was a system of standard transistorized circuit boards and mounting racks developed by IBM in the late 1950s, originally for the IBM 7030 STRETCH. They were used throughout IBM's second generation computers and peripherals, notably the 7000 and 1400 lines and the 1620.
IBM Subsystem Device Driver IBM TotalStorage Multipath Subsystem Device Driver (formerly Data Path Optimizer) is a multi-platform pseudo or MPIO Framework device driver designed to support the multipath configuration environments in IBM storage environments.
IBM Sysplex In IBM mainframe computers, a Systems Complex, commonly called a Sysplex, is one or more System/390 processors joined into a single unit, sharing the same Sysplex name and CDS. Put another way, a Sysplex is an instance of a computer system running on one or more physical computers.
IBM System Management Facilities IBM SMF is a feature of IBM's z/OS for mainframe computers. SMF provides full "instrumentation" of all baseline activities running on that IBM mainframe operating system, including I/O, network activity, software usage, error conditions, processor utilization, etc.
IBM System R System R is a database system built as a research project at IBM San Jose Research (now IBM Almaden Research Center) in the 1970s. System R was a seminal project: it was the first implementation of Structured Query Language (SQL), which has since become the standard relational data query language.
IBM System/3 The IBM System/3 (introduced 1969 discontinued 1985) was a low-end business computer aimed at new customers and organizations that still used IBM 1400 series computers or unit record equipment. It featured a new punch card format that was smaller and stored 96 characters.
IBM System/360 The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a mainframe computer system family announced by IBM on April 7, 1964. It was the first family of computers making a clear distinction between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different price points.
IBM System/370 The IBM System/370 (often: S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family. The series maintained backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for customers; this, plus improved performance, were the dominant themes of the product announcement.
IBM System/4 Pi The IBM System/4 Pi is a family of radiation hardened avionics computers used, in various versions, on the B-52 bomber, the F-15 fighter, NASA's Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle, as well as other aircraft. It descends from the System/360 mainframe family of computers.
IBM System/88 IBM fault tolerant minicomputer based on Stratus Technologies -- basically a Stratus system with an IBM badge on it. Announced 1985, withdrawn as an IBM product 1993, although IBM continued to offer Stratus systems for sale (as a reseller) to System/88 customers.
IBM Systems Application Architecture Systems Application Architecture (SAA) is a set of standards for computer software, developed by IBM in the 1980s and implemented in IBM operating systems including OS/2. The purpose of the standards was to enable the development of interoperable software on different platforms and operating systems.
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin The IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin was a technical publication produced by IBM between 1958 and 1998. The purpose of the Bulletin was to disclose inventions that IBM did not want their competitors to get patents on.
IBM ThinkPad Butterfly keyboard The TrackWrite™, also known as the butterfly keyboard, is a foldout laptop computer keyboard designed by IBM for the ThinkPad 701 series, released in 1995. It allowed the 701 series to be both compact (when closed) and comfortable to use (when open), despite being just 24.
IBM ThinkPad ThinkLight ThinkLight is a keyboard light produced by IBM, and is only present in the ThinkPad family of notebooks. A white or yellow LED (depending on model) is located on the top edge of the display, illuminating the keyboard to allow use in low-light conditions.
IBM Tivoli Access Manager The IBM Tivoli Access Manager enables the integration of Access Manager applications that provide a wide range of authorization and management solutions. It is sold as an integrated solution, this is one of many IBM products that provide an access control management solution that centralizes network and application security policy for e-business applications.
IBM Tivoli Directory Integrator Using a set of Event handlers (system exits) IBM Tivoli Directory Integrator gives you the tools to wait for data to change and to do something with it when that happens. Out of the box you can look for changes in a directory, incoming e-mails, records updated in certain databases, incoming HTML pages from a Web server or browser, arriving Web services-based Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) messages.
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (ITSM) is a centralized policy-based data backup and recovery software. The software enables a user to backup, restore, archive, and retrieve data from a hierarchy of data storage areas.
IBM TopView TopView was a text-mode MS-DOS multitasker written by IBM and released in 1985. In order to compete with various other graphical environments, IBM announced TopView before it was finished, around the time they shipped their new PC AT computer (in 1984).
IBM TPNS TPNS (Teleprocessing Network Simulator) is an IBM product used to simulate large numbers of network terminals to a host system. Primarily an SNA terminal simulator, it is also capable of simulating non-SNA terminals types such as X.
IBM Type-III Library The IBM Type-III Library (also: Type-III software, Type-III product) was software provided by IBM to its customers, available without charge, liability, or support, and typically (perhaps always) in source-code format. Well-known examples are for mainframe software; IBM may have also used this same classification on smaller systems.
IBM UniData UniData is a Nested relational database management system (RDBMS) and operating environment that runs on the major Unix servers and Windows NT/2000. Designed for embedding in vertical software applications, UniData was originally developed by the UniData Corporation.
IBM ViaVoice IBM ViaVoice is a range of language-specific continuous speech recognition software products offered by IBM. Individual language editions may have different features, specifications, technical support, and microphone support.
IBM ViVA ViVA (Virtual Vector Architecture) is a technology from IBM for coupling together multiple scalar floating point units to act as a single vector processor. Certain computing tasks are more efficiently handled through vector computations where an instruction can be applied to multiple elements simultaneously, rather than the scalar approach where one instruction is applied to one piece of data at a time.
IBM VNET VNET was a nationwide computer networking system deployed in the early 1980's and still in current, but highly diminished use. It was developed by IBM, and provided the main email and file-transfer backbone for the company throughout the 1980's and 1990's.
IBM WebSphere WebSphere refers to a brand of proprietary IBM software products, although the term also popularly refers to one specific product: WebSphere Application Server (WAS). WebSphere helped define the middleware software category and is designed to set up, operate and integrate e-business applications across multiple computing platforms using Web technologies.
IBM WebSphere Commerce IBM WebSphere Commerce is the industry leading next-generation e-commerce software solution. It is the single, unified platform which offers the ability to do business directly with consumers (B2C), with businesses (B2B), and indirectly through channel partners (indirect business models), or all of this simultaneously.
IBM WebSphere DataStage IBM WebSphere DataStage is an ETL tool and part of the IBM WebSphere Information Integration suite and the IBM Information Server. It uses a graphical notation to construct data integration solutions and is available in various different versions such as the Server Edition and the Enterprise Edition.
IBM WebSphere Edge Server WebSphere Edge Server (now renamed "WebSphere Edge Components") is a set of web server/application server components that are intended to improve the performance of web-based systems. It is part of the IBM WebSphere product suite.
IBM WebSphere Information Integration WebSphere Information Integration is a suite of business software for data management tasks such as profiling, cleansing, transformation and metadata management. The suite was formerly known as the Ascential Information Integration suite and renamed to the WebSphere Information Integration suite after Ascential Software was acquired by IBM in 2005.
IBM WebSphere Integration Developer WebSphere Integration Developer (WID) is an integrated development environment for building applications based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). It is the authoring tool for WebSphere Process Server and WebSphere ESB V6.
IBM WebSphere Message Broker WebSphere Message Broker is an IBM's information broker from the WebSphere product family that allows business data and information in the form of messages to flow between disparate applications across multiple hardware and software platforms. Business rules can be applied to the data flowing through the message broker to route, store, retrieve, and transform the information.
IBM WebSphere Process Server WebSphere Process Server is the runtime engine for artifacts produced in a business-driven development process. Technically, WebSphere Process Server is mounted on top of WebSphere Application Server and extends the WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus.
IBM Workplace IBM Workplace is a family of products and technologies from IBM for creating adaptive, unified, secure work environments that can be customized based on users' unique roles and/or skill levels in the organization.
IBOLT iBOLT Studio is an enterprise application integration (EAI) and business process management (BPM) software by Magic Software Enterprises. Following the introduction of iBOLT, Magic Software Enterprises was placed in the integrated services environment quadrant by information technology analysts at Gartner Magic Software website, http://www.
IBOPA IBOPA (pronounced eye-boh-pah) is nine-piece band of a mish-mosh genre personally dubbed "Cinematic Death Mambo" from Palo Alto, California. Their name is an abbreviation for the Indestructible Beat of Palo Alto, a parody on the album The Indestructible Beat of Soweto.
IBOPE IBOPE (Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics -- in Portuguese, Instituto Brasileiro de OpiniĂŁo PĂşblica e EstatĂstica) is an institute that conducts research on various topics both in and outside Brazil.
IBOPE media information IBOPE media information (IMI) is a media business unit from the IBOPE Group in Latin-America. Operating in 13 countries of the continent and with a commercial office in Miami, it is responsible for regional clients.
IBOT The iBOT is a variety of powered wheelchair, developed by Dean Kamen in a partnership between DEKA and Johnson and Johnson's Independence Technology division. It is a medical technology, made to help people with severe mobility problems.
IBrowse IBrowse is a web browser for the Amiga range of computers, and was a rewritten follow-on to Amiga Mosaic, one of the first web browsers for the Amiga Computer. IBrowse was originally developed for a company called Omnipresence, now defunct.
Icaria Icaria, also spelled Ikaria (Greek: ΙκαĎία), locally Nikaria or Nicaria (ΝικαĎιά), previous name: Doliche (Δολίχη), is a Greek island 10 nautical miles (19 km) south-west of Samos. It derived its name from Icarus, the son of Daedalus in Greek mythology, who fell into the sea nearby.
Icaridin Icaridin is an insect repellent owned and manufactured by Lanxess AG, with the formula C12H23NO3, CAS number: 119515-38-7. It has a broad efficacy against several different insects and is almost colorless and odorless.
Icariine Liquor Icariine Liquor is an alcoholic drink that contains icarii, or herba epidemii. The liquor is available in Korea, as a bottled 30% alcohol beverage product, on the North Korean government-sponsored portal Naenara.
Icaros Icaros are medicine songs, used as part of the toolkit of Shamans and Curanderos in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Typically, but not always, they are used in Ayahuasca ceremonies to fulfill such purposes as removing bad spirits from an afflicted person.
Icarus (comics) Icarus, (Joshua "Jay" Guthrie), is a fictional character, a mutant superhero in the Marvel Comics universe. He is a member of the student body at the Xavier Institute and a member of the former New Mutants squad.
Icarus (fictional spacecraft) The Icarus is the name given to the spacecraft seen in the Planet of the Apes movies and TV series. Although the name is never actually given onscreen, Apes fan Larry Evans gave the previously unnamed spacecraft the name "Icarus".
Icarus (mythology) In Greek mythology, Icarus (Latin, Greek – Íkaros, Etruscan – Vicare, German – Ikarus) was son of Daedalus, famous for his death by falling into the sea when he flew too close to the sun, melting the wax holding his artificial wings together.
Icarus Project The Icarus Project is a grassroots network comprised of a National Organizing Collective, autonomous local groups and individuals that are "living with experiences that are commonly labeled as bipolar disorder or related mental illness." It is a radical mental health movement that advocates that these experiences should be viewed as "dangerous gifts to be cultivated and taken care of, rather than a disease or disorder to be suppressed or eliminated," promotes art and creativity as intrinsic to these experiences, envisions radical political change in society as a whole, and includes alternate ways of treatment and care beyond the medical model.
Icasa The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) is the regulator of telecommunications and the broadcasting sectors. It took over the functions of two previous regulators, the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (SATRA) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA).
Ice age An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation"). Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a period of ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres; by this definition we are still in an ice age (because the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist).
Ice algae "Ice algae" is a general term used to describe all the various types of algal communities encountered in annual and multi-year sea-ice. The ice algal communities play an important role in primary production and are therefore considered an important part of both Polar ecosystems.
Ice Age (Magic: The Gathering) Ice Age was the eleventh Magic: The Gathering set and the sixth expansion set, released in June 1995. Set in the years from 450 to 2934 AR, the set describes a world set in perpetual winter due to the events in Antiquities.
Ice Age National Scientific Reserve The Ice Age National Scientific Reserve collects nine sites in Wisconsin which preserve geological evidence of glaciation. The sites, mostly preexisting Wisconsin state parks or other protected areas, are administered by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
Ice Age Trail The Ice Age Trail is a designated National Scenic Trail in the United States that will run some 1,200 miles through the state of Wisconsin. It was established by Act of Congress in 1980 as a result of Congressman Henry S.
Ice blocking Ice blocking is a quasi-sport in which individuals race to the bottom of a hill sitting on large blocks of ice. It is most popular among students and is sometimes recommended as a good activity for dating or scout camps.
Ice boat An Ice boat (more commonly spelled as one word - iceboat, once called an "ice scooter") is a boat or purpose built framework similar in appearance to a sail boat but fitted with skis or runners (skates) and designed to run over ice instead of (liquid) water, known in the sport as "soft water." Iceboats commonly used for racing are usually only for one person.
Ice Barbarians In the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, the Ice Barbarians, properly known as the Kingdom of (the) Cruski, is a political state of the Flanaess. The people themselves are sometimes referred to as simply the Cruski.
Ice Bowl The Ice Bowl is the colloquial name for a number of sporting events played in extremely cold weather. The word "bowl" has long been used in the United States to indicate a major college or professional American football game, typically one involving a championship, title, trophy or other special award to distinguish it from a regular season game.
Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.
Encyklopedie (cz) Encyklopédia (sk) Enzyklopädie (de)