Encyclopedia

Italian Communist Party The Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) or Italian Communist Party emerged as Partito Comunista d'Italia or Communist Party of Italy from a secession by the Leninist comunisti puri tendency from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) during that body's congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno. Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split.
Italian Concerto The Italian Concerto (properly entitled Concerto in the Italian Style), BWV 971, is a three-movement solo harpsichord concerto composed by Johann Sebastian Bach in 1735. The work was published as part of Clavier-Ăśbung II, along with the French Overture.
Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions The Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL or Cisl; Italian Confederation of Workers’ Trade Unions) is an Italian trade union association representing various Roman Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy.
Italian Council of State The Consiglio di Stato (English: Council of State) is a legal-administrative consultative body and ensures the legality of public administration in Italy. The council has jurisdiction on acts of all administrative authorities, except when these authorties lack discretionary power, in which case the dispute is considered to be one of civil law.
Italian diaspora The term Italian Diaspora refers to the large-scale migration of Italians away from Italy in the period roughly between the unification of Italy in 1861 and the beginning of World War I in 1914. The term generally refers also to the years directly following WW1.
Italian dressing Italian dressing in United States cooking is a vinaigrette-type salad dressing consisting of an emulsion of water, oil, vinegar or lemon juice, salt, pepper, minced onions and bell peppers, often sugar, and a variety of herbs and spices including garlic, oregano, fennel, and dill. It is often bought bottled, or prepared by mixing oil and vinegar with a packaged flavoring mix consisting of dehydrated vegetables and herbs.
Italian Democratic Party The Italian Democratic Party (Partito Democratico Italiano) was a monarchist party born in 1959 by the merge of the People's Monarchist Party and the National Monarchist Party. Two years later the party changed name in Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity.
Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity The Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (Partito Democratico Italiano di UnitĂ  Monarchica) was the continuation of the Italian Democratic Party, a monarchist party founded in 1959 by the union of the People's Monarchist Party and the National Monarchist Party.
Italian Democratic Socialist Party The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (, PSDI) is a minor political party in Italy which supports Romano Prodi. It was founded in 2004 as a successor to the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, disbanded in 1998, so that the new PSDI numbers its congresses in perfect continuity with the late PSDI.
Italian Democratic Socialists The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani, SDI) is a small social-democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party, born in 1998 by the convergence of the Italian Socialists and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. The party leader is Enrico Boselli.
Italian euro coins Italian euro coins all have a design unique to each coin, though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy's renowned artists. Each coin is designed by a different designer, from the 1 cent to the 2 euro coin they are: Eugenio Driutti, Luciana De Simoni, Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini, Claudia Momoni, Maria Angela Cassol, Roberto Mauri, Laura Cretara and Maria Carmela Colaneri.
Italian East Africa Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was a short-lived Italian possession in Africa consisting of Ethiopia, recently occupied after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War), and the colonies of Italian Somaliland and Eritrea. Occasionally Libya (at the time another Italian colony) was referred to as being part of Italian East Africa, but this was uncommon and perhaps misleading.
Italian Empire The Italian Empire was a 19th and 20th century colonial empire, which lasted from 1889 to 1943. It never existed formally, as the Kingdom of Italy, the Kingdom of Albania and the Ethiopian Empire were three formally different entities, united by the leadership of Italian King Vittorio Emanuele III.
Italian fascism Italian fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. Similar political movements, including Nazism, spread across the rest of the world, particularly in Europe, Japan and Latin America, between World War I and World War II.
Italian folk music Italian folk music has a deep and complex history. National unification came quite late to the Italian peninsula, so its many hundreds of separate cultures remained un-homogenized quite until quite recently compared to many other European countries.
Italian Folktales Italian Folktales (Fiabe Italiane) is a collection of 200 Italian folktales published in 1956 by Italo Calvino. His intention was to emulate the Brothers Grimm in producing a popular collection of Italian fairy tales for the general reader.
Italian Football Championship The Italian Football Championship was the most senior football championship in Italy from the 1898 season to the 1928/1929 season. The Serie A championship replaced the old Italian Football Championship for the 1929/1930 season.
Italian Footballer of the Year The Italian Footballer of the Year is a yearly award organized by the Associazione Italiana Calciatori (English: Italian Association of Footballers) given to the best Italian professional football player in the Serie A. The award is part of the "Oscar del calcio" awards event.
Italian general election, 1968 The Italian general elections of 1968 were held on 1968-05-19. Voters were 35,566,681 for the Chamber of Deputies and 33,003,249 for the Italian Senate, with an increment of some 3,000,000 in both elections from 1963.
Italian general election, 1996 An early national general election was held in Italy on April 21, 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Olive Tree leader Romano Prodi won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi, who led the Pole of Freedoms.
Italian general election, 2001 A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Leader of the House of Freedoms Silvio Berlusconi won the election, defeating Francesco Rutelli, former Mayor of Rome, and premieral candidate of the Olive Tree coalition, and rising back to power after his first victory, in 1994.
Italian general election, 2006 In the Italian general election, 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 the incumbent prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, leader of the center-right House of Freedoms, was narrowly defeated by Romano Prodi, leader of the center-left The Union.
Italian General Confederation of Labour The Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) is a national trade union centre in Italy. It was formed by agreement between socialists, communists, and Christian democrats in the "Pact of Rome" of June 1944.
Italian Grand Prix The Italian Grand Prix (Gran Premio d'Italia) is one of the longest running events on the motor racing calendar. The first Italian Grand Prix motor racing championship took place on September 4, 1921 at Brescia.
Italian hip hop Italian hip hop started in the early 1990s. One of the first hip hop crews to catch the attention of the Italian mainstream was Milan's Articolo 31, then and still today produced by Franco Godi, who had written the soundtrack to the animated TV series Signor Rossi in the 1970s.
Italian hot dog An Italian Hot Dog is a type of hot dog most popular in Essex, Hudson, and Passaic counties in north-eastern New Jersey and the boardwalk of the New Jersey shore. Although there are a number of different ways to prepare one, the basic ingredients are a cooked hot dog and a combination of fried peppers, onions, and potatoes, although in some places french fries are used instead.
Italian Hercules film series (1957-1965) A series of nineteen Italian Hercules movies were made during the late 50s and early 60s. The actors who played Hercules in these "beefcake" films were Steve Reeves, Gordon Scott, Kirk Morris, Mickey Hargitay, Mark Forest, Alan Steel, Dan Vadis, Brad Harris, Reg Park, Rock Stevens and Michael Lane.
Italian charm Italian charms are flat, modular links that hook together to form an Italian charm bracelet, keychain, or other accessories. While traditional charms dangle, Italian charms feature individual pieces soldered flat onto the surface of the link.
Italian charm bracelet An Italian Charm bracelet is a series of individual modular links hooked together on a stretchy band to form a single Italian charm bracelet. A typical Italian charm bracelet is comprised of eighteen Italian charm links.
Italian Chamber of Deputies The Italian Chamber of Deputies (Italian: Camera dei Deputati) is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. It has 630 seats, a majority of which are controlled presently by supporters of the Prodi leftwing coalition (as of 2006).
Italian Chapel The Italian Chapel on Lamb Holm in Orkney, Scotland was built by Italian prisoners of war during World War II. The prisoners were stationed on the island between 1942 and 1945 to help in construction of the Churchill Barriers.
Italian ice Italian ice is a summertime frozen treat generally consisting of flavored ice which can have different meanings, depending on the geographical location. Italian Ice should be smooth and sweet and its texture should be uniform throughout.
Italian Independence wars The evolution of the process that would finally have brought to the Italian Unification (Risorgimento), the Italian Independence wars were three wars fought against the Austrian Empire between 1848 and 1866 and ended with the conquest of the whole Italian territory. The expression usually also indicates related minor conflicts and campaigns, like 1860's campaigns.
Italian language Italian (, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people , primarily in Italy. Standard Italian was strongly influenced by the Tuscan dialect and is somewhat intermediate between Italo-Dalmatian languages of the South and Gallo-Italian languages of the North.
Italian Language School La Scuola Appia Vecchia The Italian Language School, La Scuola Appia Vecchia is a not-for-profit Italian language school with a homestay experience. The school is located in Velletri, a town of 50,000 located in the Alban Hills between Rome and the seaside towns of Anzio and Nettuno.
Italian Love Song "Italian Love Song" is a song recorded by Australian singer Tina Arena for her 2004 greatest hits album. The song was released as a single in October 2004 but failed to make a major impact on the Australian charts.
Italian motorcycle Grand Prix The Italian motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. Before 1991, Italy had previously held a round of the world championship, known as the Nations Grand Prix.
Italian municipal elections, 2006 A number of elections for the renewal of both municipal councils and mayors were held in Italy on May 28 and 29, 2006. Notably, these election regarded the four biggest cities in the country, Rome, Milan, Naples and Turin.
Italian musical terms used in English A great many musical terms are in Italian. It shouldn't be surprising that so many musical terms are Italian, since many of the most important early composers in the renaissance period were Italian, and that period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.
Italian Maple Italian Maple (Acer opalus) is a deciduous tree native to the hills and mountains of southern and western Europe, from Italy to Spain and north to southern Germany, and also in northwest Africa in Morocco and Algeria.
Italian nationality law Italian nationality law, like that of many European countries, favors jus sanguinis. However, like the law of many traditionally emigrant-sending countries, Italian law incorporates elements that are seen as favourable to the diaspora.
Italian opera Italian opera can be divided into three periods, the Baroque, the Romantic and the modern. The Baroque appeared first, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, and approximately 200 years later, the Romantic.
Italian organized crime Since their appearance in the mid of 1800s, the Italian criminal organizationsn have infiltrated the social and economic life of many regions in South Italy, to later expand in some foreign countries (mainly the U.S).
Italian Open (golf) The Italian Open golf championship, which is currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Telecom Italia Open is the Italian national golf open for men. It was founded in 1925 and has been part of the European Tour's schedule since the tour's first season in 1972.
Italian people The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. Their native language is Italian and their religion is predominantly Roman Catholic.
Italian police Italian public security is provided by six separate police forces: Arma dei Carabinieri (military police), Guardia di Finanza (financial and customs police, also organized as a military force), Polizia di Stato (state police), Polizia Penitenziaria (penitentiary police) and Corpo Forestale dello Stato (forestry police).
Italian presidential election, 2006 On May 2, 2006, the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy Fausto Bertinotti, in agreement with Senate Speaker Franco Marini, convened the two houses of the Italian Parliament, integrated with a number of Grand Electors appointed by the 20 Italian regions, in a common session on May 8 in order to commence voting for the election of the new President of the Italian Republic.
Italian Peninsula The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula ( or Penisola appenninica) is one of the greatest peninsulas of Europe, spanning 1,000 km from the Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. The peninsula is well-known for its boot shape, in fact it is known as Lo Stivale (Italian for "The boot").
Italian People's Party (1994-2002) The Italian People's Party, known in Italian as the Partito Popolari Italiano (PPI), was that party that succeeded in January 1994 to the Christian Democracy. The first secretary of the party was Mino Martinazzoli, replaced by Rocco Buttiglione in June 1994, after that the party suffered a huge defeat in April elections to the centre-right and also to the centre-left, gaining only the 11.
Italian Plague of 1629-1631 The Italian Plague of 1629-1631 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague from 1629 through 1631 in northern Italy. This epidemic, often referred to as Great Plague of Milan, claimed the lives of approximately 280,000 people, with the cities of Lombardy experiencing particularly high death rates.
Italian Power Exchange The Italian Power Exchange (or IPEX, or Gestore del Mercato Elettrico or GME in Italian) is the electricity futures market for Italy. It was established by the Italian legislature on 16 March 1999 and issued general rules on 8 May 2001.
Italian referendum, 1974 The Italian referendum of May 12, 1974 was the first regular referendum held by the Italian Republic, a whole 28 years after its foundation. The referendum was called by Christian groups to abolish the newly approved law that allowed divorce.
Italian regional elections, 2005 The Italian Regional elections of April 3 and 4, 2005 were a major victory (11-2) for the centre-left coalition L'Unione, led by Romano Prodi. The centre-right coalition, governing in the national government, was defeated in all the regions it held, except for its strongholds in Lombardy and Veneto.
Italian rock Italy is a European country, and has had a long relationship with rock and roll, a style of music which spread to the country by the early 1960s from the United States. The earliest Italian rock bands appeared during this period, playing mostly strict covers.
Italian Radicals (disambiguation) The original social-liberal and nonviolent Radical Party (Partito Radicale) was founded in 1955 by the left wing of Italian Liberal Party and relaunched in the 60s by Marco Pannella. It ceased all national political activities, and stopped running for the elections late in the 80s.
Italian Red Cross The Italian Red Cross (Croce Rossa Italiana in Italian) is the Italian national Red Cross society that has its origin in the Comitato dell'Associazione Italiana per il soccorso ai feriti ed ai malati in guerra that was formed in Milan on June 15, 1864. Other committies were formed later.
Italian Reform Socialist Party The Italian Reform Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Riformista Italiano) was formed in 1912 by those leading reformist politicians who were expelled from the Italian Socialist Party for their desire of entering in the majority supporting Prime Minister Antonio Giolitti. Among these people, it is to remember the figures of Leonida Bissolati, Giacomo Matteotti, Ivanoe Bonomi and Meuccio Ruini.
Italian Regency of Carnaro The Italian Regency of Carnaro (Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro in Italian) was proclaimed as a state by Gabriele D'Annunzio in Fiume, now the city of Rijeka in Croatia, on September 8, 1920. The name was taken from the Kvarner Bay (Golfo Carnaro in Italian, kvarnerski zaljev in Croatian), where the city is located.
Italian Region This region includes the countries of the Italian peninsula, as well as the Mediterranean island of Malta. Neighbouring countries to Italy, such as Switzerland, are often considered part of this region because they are influenced by Italian culture.
Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such as Jacob Burckhardt.
Italian Renewal The Italian Renewal was an Italian political party. It was founded in 1996 by Lamberto Dini (at that time prime minister) with some former-Liberals as Natale D'Amico, former Socialists as Tiziano Treu, former Christian Democrats as Augusto Fantozzi, former Republicans as Gianantonio Mazzocchin and former Social Democrats.
Italian Republican Party The Italian Republican Party (Partito Repubblicano Italiano) is an old liberal party in Italy, that originally took a moderate left-wing position, claiming descent from the political position of Giuseppe Mazzini. The party is a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.
Italian Riviera The Italian Rivera is the narrow coastal strip which lies between the Ligurian Sea and the mountain chain formed by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines. Longitudinally it extends from the border with France and the French Riviera (or CĂ´te d'Azur) near Ventimiglia (a former customs post) to Capo Corvo (also known as Punta Bianca) which marks the the eastern end of the Gulf of La Spezia and is close to the border with Tuscany.
Italian ship Ramb I Built at Ansaldo in 1937 as the first of four sisters of the Regia Azienda Monopolio Banane, for transporting refrigerated bananas from Somaliland and Eritrea, Ramb I was designed to become an "auxiliary cruiser' for commerce raiding in the event of war. She was 3,667 tons, oil powered and capable of 18.
Italian school of algebraic geometry In relation with the history of mathematics, the Italian school of algebraic geometry refers to the work over half a century or more (flourishing roughly 1885-1935) done internationally in birational geometry, particularly on algebraic surfaces. There were in the region of 30 to 40 leading mathematicians who made major contributions; about half of those being in fact Italian.
Italian school of swordsmanship The term Italian school of swordsmanship is used to describe the Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise (1409) to the days of Classical Fencing (up to 1900). Although the weapons and the reason for their use changed dramatically throughout these five centuries, a few fundamental traits have remained constant in the Italian school.
Italian society of economics demography and statistics Italian society of economics demography and statistics (SIEDS - SocietĂ  italiana di economia demografia e statistica) is a cultural and scientific institution aiming to the progress of the economic, demographic and statistical studies and to the establishment of active forms of co-operation among professionals of the mentioned subjects and similar issues in the field of social sciences and human behaviour. The society pursues this aim by:
Italian special forces The Italian Special Forces include special forces units from several branches of the Italian Military: the Esercito Italiano or Army, the Marina Militare Italiana or Navy, the Aeronautica Militare Italiana or Air force and l'Arma dei Carabinieri. Each of these four branches has its own special forces unit, and other state bodies, such as the Italian State Police, have their own units.
Italian submarine Sciré (1938) The Italian submarine Sciré (1938) was an Italian 600-Serie Adua class submarine, which served during World War II in Regia Marina. It was named after the northern part of Ethiopia, at the time Italian East Africa.
Italian Senate The Italian Senate (Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic') is the upper house of the Parliament of Italy. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but it existed during the monarchy as Senato del Regno, ('Senate of the Kingdom'), continuing from the Subalpine Parliament of Piedmont established on 8 May 1848.
Italian Seniors Open The Italian Seniors Open is a men's professional golf tournament for players aged 50 and above which is part of the European Seniors Tour schedule. It was founded in 2004 and is currently played in May as the first event of the season in Europe itself after the season opens with the Barbados Open.
Italian Sign Language Italian Sign Language or LIS (Lingua Italiana dei Segni) is the manual language employed by deaf in Italy. It began to be deeply analyzed in the '80s, in the line of what William Stokoe had made with American Sign Language in the '60s.
Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement (Movimento sociale italiano ) (MSI) was a neo-Fascist party formed in 1946 in the post-World War II period by supporters of the executed dictator Benito Mussolini under the lead of Giorgio Almirante. It was dissolved in January 1995 by Gianfranco Fini, who founded the Alleanza Nazionale (AN), which embraced neoliberalism and claimed to respect democratic rules.
Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI) was the provisional state, led by Benito Mussolini, that exercised its sovereignty in northern Italy. It was informally known as Salò Republic (Repubblica di Salò), after the location of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Salò, a small town on Lake Garda.
Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) was originally a socialist and later a social democratic political party founded in Genoa in 1892. For many years it was the most important leftist party in Italy, but after World War II it was partially replaced by the Italian Communist Party.
Italian Socialist Workers' Party The Italian Socialist Workers' Party (Partito Socialista dei Lavoratori Italiani) was a socialist political party founded in 1947 by a splinter group of the Italian Socialist Party, due to the decision of the latter to form a joint list with the Italian Communist Party for the 1948 general election.
Italian Socialists Italian Socialists was the name of a former party of Italy funded on the 13 November 1994 straight after the dissolution of the Italian Socialist Party after the corruption scandals which hit the party during the Mani Pulite investigations.. The party has been led for its short life by Enrico Boselli.
Italian Space Agency The Italian Space Agency (Italian: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) was founded in 1988 to promote, co-ordinate and conduct space activities in Italy. Operating under the Ministry of the Universities and of Scientific and Technological Research, the Agency cooperates with numerous entities active in space technology and with the President of the Council of Ministers.
Italian Super Cup The Italian Super Cup (Italian: Super Coppa Italiana, also called Super Coppa di Lega) is a pre-season football competition held the week before the season begins in Italy every year, in August. It is contested by the winners of the Serie A and the Coppa Italia in the previous season, as a curtain raiser to the new season.
Italian unification Italian unification (called in Italian the Risorgimento, or "Resurgence") was the political and social process that unified disparate states of the Italian peninsula into the single nation of Italy between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century(17 March 1861).
Italian universities Many of the world's oldest universities are located in Italy, in particular the University of Bologna (founded in 1088). Universities are supported by state funding so that students do not have to pay much for tuition.
Italian Unabomber The Italian Unabomber is a name given by the international media to an unknown terrorist tied to a series of booby-trap bombings in northern Italy, specifically in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, which began in 1994. Italian law enforcement officials and the FBI believe that Unabomber is Elvo Zornitta, a 49-year-old engineer who has been charged with the planting of 20 of the bombs after police raided his home in August 2006.
Italian Village, Ohio Italian Village is an historic district located in the near north side of Columbus, Ohio, adjacent to the central business district. The area is bounded by Interstate 670 on the south, Fifth Avenue on the north, North High Street on the west, and the Conrail railroad tracks to the east.
Italian war in Soviet Union, 1941-1943 The Italian campaign in the Soviet Union started on 14 July 1941, when, despite Hitler's lack of enthusiasm, Mussolini joined Operation Barbarossa by ordering the preparation of a military contingent, destined for the Russian front. The CSIR, (Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia), comprised three divisions (Torino, Pasubio and Celere, the latter being the only one motorized).
Italian war prisoners in Soviet Union 1942-1954 Almost all the Italian military captured on the Russian front were taken during the decisive Soviet Operation Little Saturn offensive: (December 1942), which annihilated the ARMIR (Italian Army in Russia, about 235,000 men strong), between December 1942 and February 1943. In this period the total figure of missing Italian soldiers amounted to 84,830 (Italian Ministry of Defence, 1977a 1977b).
Italian War of 1535 The Italian War of 1535 between Charles V and Francis I of France began with the death of Francesco Maria Sforza, the duke of Milan. When Charles' son Phillip inherited the duchy, Francis invaded Italy, capturing Turin, but failed to take Milan.
Italian War of 1542 The Italian War of 1542 (1542–46) occurred when Francis I of France, allying himself with Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire, launched a final invasion of Italy. A Franco-Ottoman fleet captured the city of Nice in August 1543, and laid siege to the citadel.
Italian War of 1551 The Italian War of 1551 (1551-1559), sometimes known as the Habsburg-Valois War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis to the throne, declared war against Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. An early offensive into Lorraine was successful, with Henry capturing the three episcopal cities of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, but the attempted French invasion of Tuscany in 1553 was defeated at the Battle of Marciano.
Italian Wars The Italian Wars, often referred to as "the great Italian Wars" or "the great wars of Italy" in historical works, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, all the major states of western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Papal States, and most of the city-states of Italy) as well as the Ottoman Empire. Originally arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars rapidly became a general struggle for power and territory among their various participants, and were marked with an increasing degree of alliances, counter-alliances, and regular betrayals.
Italian-American cuisine Italian American cuisine is what is commonly called Italian food in the United States. It is in based on the cuisine of southern Italy, particularly that of Sicily, Calabria and Campania, the homeland of many of the early 20th-century Italian immigrants that founded Italian-American cooking.
Italian-American Civil Rights League The Italian-American Civil Rights League was a short-lived grass-roots political organization which existed in and around New York City in the early 1970s. Its stated goal was to combat pejorative stereotypes about Italian-Americans, specifically their association with the Mafia.
Italian-occupied France Italy occupied a small section of south-east France during World War Two, during the time of the Vichy Government under German Control. It held the territory, which included Grenoble and Nice, from 1940 to 1943.
Italian-Scots Italian-Scots, or Scots-Italian, designates an ethnic minority of Scottish and Italian descent. These terms may refer to people who are born in Scotland and of Italian descent; people who are born in Italy and of Scottish descent; or people who have migrated between these two nations.
Italianate architecture In the course of the history of Classical architecture, an Italianate style of architecture was a distinct nineteenth-century phase, in which Italian sixteenth-century models and architectural vocabulary, which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism, were now synthesized with picturesque aesthetics, to create an architecture that, though it was also characterized as "Neo-Renaissance", was essentially of its own time. "The backward look transforms its object," Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles;Siegfried Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture 1941 etc.
Italians of Oz On the prison drama Oz, the Italian inmates are Mafia members of Sicilian origin imprisoned for a variety of crimes who run almost everything illegal in Oz. Despite being a small percent of the prison population, they have connections to several Italian-American staff members such as Lenny Burrano who is in fact more loyal to mafiosos than to the warden.
Italians of Romania The Italians (italieni in Romanian) are an ethnic minority in Romania, numbering 3,331 people according to the 2002 census. Italians are fairly dispersed throughout the country, even though there is a relatively higher number of them in the western parts of the country (particularly TimiĹź County), and in the Municipality of Bucharest.
Italic languages The Italic subfamily is a member of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family. It includes the Romance languages (among others, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian), and a number of extinct languages.
Italic script Italic script, also known as chancery cursive, is a semi-cursive, slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy that was developed during the Renaissance in Italy. It is one of the most popular styles used in contemporary Western calligraphy, and is often one of the first scripts learned by beginning calligraphers.
Italica The city of Italica (north of modern day Santiponce, 9 km NW of Seville, Spain) was founded in 206 BC by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in order to settle Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa, where the Carthaginian army was defeated during the Second Punic War. The name Italica bound the colonia to their Italian origins.
Italicus Express On the night of August 4, 1974, a bomb exploded in car #5 of the Rome-Brenner express train, killing 12 and injuring 44. The explosion would have been even stronger if the train had exploded inside San Benedetto Val di Sambro tunnel.

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