Encyclopedia

Icelanders' sagas The Icelanders' sagas (Icelandic: Íslendingasögur)—many of which are also known as family sagas—are prose histories describing mostly events that took place in Iceland in the 10th and early 11th centuries. They are the best known specimen of Icelandic literature.
Icelandic Coast Guard Origins of the Icelandic Coast Guard (Landhelgisgæsla Íslands or Landhelgisgæslan) can be traced to 1859, when the corvette Ørnen started patrolling Icelandic waters. And in 1906 the first purposely built guard-ship Islands Falk came to Iceland.
Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth or the Icelandic Free State (Icelandic: Þjóðveldið) was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king in 1262. It was initially established by a public consisting largely of recent immigrants from Norway who had fled the unification of that country under King Harald Fairhair.
Icelandic Crisis Response Unit The Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU) or Íslenska Friðargæslan, is an 80-person military unit, with a civilian element, operated by the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is primarily designated for peacekeeping operations and has been on peacekeeping operations in former territories of Yugoslavia, Kosovo and Afghanistan and has an observer mission in Sri Lanka.
Icelandic Elf School Also known as Álfaskólinn in Icelandic, The Icelandic Elf School teaches students and visitors about the five different kinds of elves or hidden people in myth that are believed to inhabit the country of Iceland. The school is located in Reykjavík, the country's largest city.
Icelandic folk music Icelandic folk music includes a number of styles that are together a prominent part of the music of Iceland. When speaking of traditional Icelandic music, there are two very important vocal performance styles, one using the verm kveĂ°a and the other syngja.
Icelandic hip hop The first major hip hop crew from Iceland was Quarashi, who were inspired by the rock hybrid music of The Beastie Boys and Rage Against the Machine. They rapped in English, but were followed by performers like XXX Rottweiler (formerly known as 110 Rottweilerhundar) who along with Sesar A had the first all Icelandic hip hop albums published in Iceland (2001).
Icelandic horse The Icelandic horse is a breed of horse that has lived in Iceland since the mid-800s, having been brought to the island by Viking settlers. The Icelandic Horse is basically a man-made breed as it is a mixture of breeds and cross-breeds which were taken from Scandinavian and European countries to Iceland during the original and subsequent settlements.
Icelandic hydroelectric power stations Over 80% of the energy in Iceland is generated in hydroelectric power stations. While geothermal energy is used for heating (and increasingly for electricity generation), the hydroelectric power stations, historically all run by Landsvirkjun, are central to the existence of Iceland as an industrialized country.
Icelandic language Icelandic (Ă­slenska) is a North Germanic language, the official language of Iceland and the mother tongue of the Icelandic people. Its closest relative is Faroese and can be somewhat understood by a small number of Norwegians as well, depending on their dialect and education.
Icelandic Literary Society The Icelandic Literary Society is a society dedicated to promoting and strengthening Icelandic language, literature and learning. It was founded in 1816 when the Icelandic independence movement was in its infancy.
Icelandic Low The Icelandic Low is a semi-permanent centre of low atmospheric pressure found between Iceland and southern Greenland and extending in winter into the Barents Sea. In summer it weakens and splits into two centres, one near Davis Strait and the other west of Iceland.
Icelandic name Icelandic names differ from most Western family name systems by being patronymic (and sometimes matronymic) in that they reflect the immediate father (or mother) of the child and not the historic family lineage.
Icelandic parliamentary election, 2007 The 2007 Icelandic General Elections will be held on 12 May 2007. In this election, the public will elect 63 MPs using proportional representation from six constituencies to the AlĂľingi, Iceland's Parliament and World's oldest Parliament.
Icelandic Phallological Museum The Icelandic Phallological Museum in HĂşsavĂ­k, Iceland (formerly in ReykjavĂ­k) is a museum devoted to phallology. The museum currently has 245 specimens (as of 07/07/2006) displayed like hunting trophies, embalmed in formaldehyde, or dried in display cases.
Icelandic Police The Icelandic Police can trace its origins to 1778, when the first traces of industry started to appear. In the times before that law had been enforced by individuals as allowed by Alþingi and later by sýslumenn (sheriffs) and other Royal proxies.
Icelandic Sheepdog The Icelandic Sheepdog is a breed of spitz dog originating from the dogs brought to Iceland by the Vikings. Later, dogs were taken from Iceland to the British Isles and became the basis for Border Collies and Corgis.
Icelandic Sign Language The Icelandic sign language, íslenskt táknmál, is the sign language of the deaf community in Iceland. It is based on the Danish Sign Language; until 1910, deaf Icelandic people were indeed sent to school in Denmark, but the languages have diverged since then.
Icelandic Symphony Orchestra SinfĂłnĂ­uhljĂłmsveit ĂŤslands or the Iceland Symphony Orchestra (ISO), widely considered to be one of the leading Nordic orchestras, continues to attract audiences through its high standards of performance coupled with innovative programming.
Icelandic turf houses The Icelandic turf house was the product of a difficult climate and, most importantly, a lack of timber suitable for major constructions. It was this shortage of strong wood that led the Icelandic people to maintain turf constructions when other Viking settlements had moved on to more complex wooden structures.
IceLeomon IceLeomon is a fictional character from the Digimon franchise, an Ultimate Level Animal Digimon that looks like Leomon but has white fur and ice attacks. He is also known as Panjamon in America and Japan as well as Panjyamon in America.
Icemon Icemon is a fictional character from the Digimon franchise, a Champion Level Icy Digimon that has the appearance of Gotsumon, but is capable of ice attacks. There is no obvious difference between it and Meteormon, although Icemon is a pale shade of blue, while Meteormon is an off-white.
Iceni The Iceni or Eceni were a Brythonic tribe who inhabited an area of Britain corresponding roughly to the modern-day county of Norfolk between the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. The Cenimagni, who surrendered to Julius Caesar during his second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, may have been a branch of the Iceni.
Icer Addis Icer Addis (also known as Sardu and Smegma) is a computer programmer considered a legendary figure in the emulation scene. He co-founded Bloodlust Software with his friend Ethan Petty, a small software company in Wichita, Kansas dedicated to develop shareware and freeware games featuring humorous and bloody graphics.
IceRadio IceRadio is a small Internet radio station funded purely by donations received from listeners, DJs and Staff. IceRadio DJ's play all different types of music genre - such as dance, r'n'b, 80's Jukebox's, upbeat tunes, metal, rock and much more.
Icesus Icesus is a multi-user online roleplaying game (MUD) focusing on combat, character development, player interaction and economy. Icesus is free to play, as it is maintained and operated by a Finnish non-profit association.
Iceweasel Iceweasel is the name of two currently independent Mozilla Firefox rebranding projects. One is part of the Gnuzilla project, a GNU project to provide versions of Mozilla programs which are made of entirely free software.
Icewind Dale II Icewind Dale II is a computer role-playing game developed by Black Isle Studios, released in 2002. The game is set in the Forgotten Realms Icewind Dale region, and is the sequel to Icewind Dale and its expansions.
Icewind Dale: Heart of Winter Icewind Dale: Heart of Winter is an official expansion pack to the computer role-playing game Icewind Dale developed by Black Isle Studios. It introduced many changes and additions to the original game, and included an all-new campaign.
IceWM In Unix computing, IceWM is a window manager for the X Window System graphical infrastructure, written by Marko MaÄŤek. It was coded from scratch in C++ and is released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
Icicle An icicle is a spike of ice formed when water dripping or falling from another object freezes. Typically, icicles will form when ice or snow is melted by either sunlight or some other heat source (such as heat leaking from the interior of a heated building), and the resulting melted water runs off into an area where the ambient temperature is below the freezing point of water (zero degrees Celsius), causing the water to refreeze.
Icicle hitch An icicle hitch is a knot that is excellent for connecting to a post when weight is applied to an end running parallel to the post in a specific direction. This type of hitch will hold its place even when holding a substantial load on a smooth surface.
Icicle Works The Icicle Works were an independent English band of the 1980s. Named after the 1960 short story "The Day The Icicle Works Closed" by science fiction author Frederik Pohl, The Icicle Works joined Liverpool's early 1980s 'neo-psychedelia' wave, which also propelled Echo & the Bunnymen and The Teardrop Explodes to stardom.
Icing (food) Icing (also frosting) is a sweet glaze made of sugar, butter, water, and egg whites or milk, often flavoured and cooked and used to cover or decorate baked goods, such as cakes or cookies. Those seeking to reduce the fat or sugar content of a dessert will sometimes eat it with the icing removed, as it tends to contain much of this content.
Icing (nautical) Icing on ships is a serious hazard where cold temperatures (below about -10°C) combined with high wind speed (typically force 8 or above on the Beaufort scale) result in spray blown off the sea freezing immediately on contact with the ship. If not frequently knocked off, the ice can soon build up on the ship's superstructure to a sufficient weight to cause the ship to capsize.
Icing conditions In aviation, icing conditions are those atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on the surfaces of the aircraft, or as carburetor icing within the engine. Inlet icing is another engine-related danger, often occurring in jet aircraft.
Ickleton Ickleton is a village on the Cambridgeshire–Essex border in England. It grew at the point where the ancient Icknield Way crossed the River Cam, so it is likely that some form of habitation has existed on the site since prehistoric times.
Icknield Icknield is a ward in the town of Luton, England. Situated towards the north east of Luton, the area is mainly built up residential, but there is a protected area of marshland next to the high school that serves this area and the surrounding areas, Icknield High School.
Icknield High School Icknield High School is a State Funded, Secondary School catering for pupils aged between 11 and 16 in Luton, Bedfordshire. Located on Riddy lane, off the A6, the school is considered to be one of the best in Luton, with top results in KS3 and GCSE school's current headteacher is Mr Chris Dean.
Icknield Street Icknield Street or Ryknild Street is a Roman road in Britain that runs from Bourton on the Water in Gloucestershire where it connected to the Fosse Way, to Templeborough in South Yorkshire, it went via Alcester, Redditch, the area now covered by Birmingham (where a large fort was located), Lichfield, and what is now Derby.
Icknield Way The Icknield Way is one of the oldest roads in Britain, being one of the few long-distance trackways to have existed before the Romans occupied the country. It stretches from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Norfolk.
Icky Flix Icky Flix is the title of a combined DVD and CD set released by the band The Residents as part of their 30th anniversary celebration in 2001. Where the DVD featured the videos and both original and re-recorded versions of the songs, the CD featured a number of the newly recorded highlights.
Ico Ico (Japanese: イコ, (IPA pronunciation: )) is a 2001 adventure video game developed by Sony Computer Entertainment and released for the PlayStation 2 video game console. Ico was designed and directed by Fumito Ueda, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
Icod de los Vinos Icod de los Vinos is a municipality in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife on the island of Tenerife, in the Canary Islands (Spain), located in the northwest part of the island. Inhabitants of Icod are known in Spanish as "icodenses".
Icodextrin Icodextrin (Extraneal) is a peritoneal dialysis solution containing the colloid osmotic agent icodextrin. Icodextrin is a starch-derived, water-soluble glucose polymer linked by alpha (1-4) and less than 10% alpha (1-6) glucosidic bonds with a weight-average molecular weight between 13,000 and 19,000 Daltons and a number-average molecular weight between 5,000 and 6,500 Daltons.
Icom () is an international manufacturer of radio transmitting and receiving equipment, founded in 1954 by Tokuzo Inoue. Its products include equipment for radio amateurs, pilots, maritime applications, land mobile professional applications and radio scanner enthusiasts.
Icomb Icomb is a quiet Cotswold village close to Stow on the Wold, with typical Cotswold stone cottages, and the Church of St Mary the Virgin which was built in the mid-13th century. The tomb of Sir John Blaket, who fought with Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, lies within the Church.
Icon An icon (from Greek , eikon, "image") is an image, picture, or representation; it is a sign or likeness that stands for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in semiotics; in computers an icon is a symbol on the monitor used to signify a command, file or record; by extension, icon is also used, particularly in modern popular culture, in the general sense of symbol — i.e.
Icon Comics Icon Comics is an imprint of Marvel Comics for creator-owned titles. It was launched in 2004 with Michael Avon Oeming and Brian Michael Bendis' superhero/detective series Powers, and David Mack's Kabuki moving to the imprint, both from Image Comics.
Icon Loft Icon Loft is a residential development at Gopeng Street in Tanjong Pagar within the Downtown Core Planning Area in Singapore. The development consists of two residential towers one which is 41 storeys and the other which is 46 storeys with a height of 163m.
Icon-based game An icon-based game is one in which pictorial images are used to represent characters, objects, and other elements of the game within. Some good examples of icon-based games are simulations such as SimEarth, as well as turn-based strategy games such as Sid Meier's Civilization.
IconBuilder IconBuilder is a plugin for Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Photoshop Elements and Macromedia Fireworks for the editing and creation of computer icons created and used by The Iconfactory. It supports all icon sizes for both Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows.
Iconic memory Iconic memory is a type of short term visual memory, named by George Sperling in 1960. Experiments performed by Sperling and colleagues provided evidence for a rapidly decaying sensory trace, lasting for approximately 1000 ms after the offset of a display.
Iconix Entertainment Iconix Entertainment, headquartered in Seoul, Korea, is a major Korean anime and entertainment company formed by the merger of Iconix. The company is commonly referred to as "Iconix", the same name used in previous incarnations of Iconix.
Iconoclasm Iconoclasm is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. It is a frequent component of major political or religious changes.
Iconography Iconography is the branch of Art History which studies the identification, description and the interpretation of the content of images. The word iconography literally means "image writing", and comes from the Greek εικον (image) and γραφειν (to write), and particularly denotes the use of symbols in a painting to make clear the significiance of what it depicts.
Iconography of the Buddha (Thailand and Laos) Gautama Buddha, the Indian spiritual teacher (circa 563-483 BCE) known as The Buddha, who is the central figure in Buddhism, is represented in the arts of Thailand and Laos according to an iconography with specific rules. In other Buddhist countries, different iconographies are used.
Iconoscope The Iconoscope was an early television camera tube in which a beam of high-velocity electrons scans a photoemissive mosaic. Designed by Vladimir Zworykin in 1929, it was the first practical all-electronic camera tube and replaced earlier electrical and mechanical combinations such as Nipkow's disk.
Iconostasis In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis (the plural is iconostases) is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church. Iconostasis also refers to a portable icon stand that can be placed anywhere within a church.
IconPackager IconPackager is a computer program by Stardock that allows the changing of icons for the Microsoft Windows 98/Me/2000/XP/2003 graphical user interface. It is a part of Stardock's Object Desktop subscription, but is also available separately.
Icosahedral–Hexagonal Grids in Weather Prediction Icosahedral–Hexagonal Grids in Weather Prediction - numerical approach to weather, ocean and climate prediction which uses geodesic grids generated from an icosahedron and could become an attractive alternative to current climate models.
Icterine Warbler The Icterine Warbler (Hippolais icterina) is an Old World warbler in the tree warbler genus Hippolais . It breeds in mainland Europe except the southwest, where it is replaced by its western counterpart, Melodious Warbler.
Icy Demons Icy Demons is an experimental music project started by Bablicon's Griffin Rodriguez (credited as Blue Hawaii) and Man Man / Need New Body's Christopher Powell (Pow Pow). A project of various Chicago musicians, they have released an album, Fights Back!
Icy Glen The Icy Glen is a grotto is the southeast area of Stockbridge – not far from Pittsfield -- in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. The park is essentially a lush, untended, romantic landscape consisting of piled rocks thick with mosses.
Icy moon Icy moons are believed to be a common class of planetoids that have a surface mostly of ice, possibly with an ocean under the ice, and possibly including a rocky core of silicate or metallic rocks. The prototype of this class of object is Europa.
Icy Tower Icy Tower is a freeware video game created by Johan Peitz of Free Lunch Design, based on Xjump. In the game, the player controls Harold the Homeboy whose goal is to climb the tower as high as he can by jumping up floors, and earn points while doing so.
IcyHot IcyHot is a topical analgesic heat rub meant for relieving pains such as arthritis, backache, muscle strains, muscle sprains, bruises, and cramps. IcyHot is known for its dual action pain relief, claiming it is "Icy to dull the pain, and hot to relax it away".
IC 2118 IC 2118 (also known as Witch Head Nebula due to its shape), is believed to be an ancient supernova remnant or gas cloud illuminated by nearby supergiant Rigel in Orion. It lies in the Eridanus constellation, about 1000 light-years from Earth.
IC 2944 IC 2944, also known as the Running Chicken Nebula or the Lambda Cen Nebula, is an open cluster with an associated emission nebula found in the constellation Centaurus, near the star Lambda Centauri. It features Bok globules and is most likely a site of active star formation.
IC codes IC codes are shorthand terms used by the British police in radio communications to describe the apparent ethnicity of a suspect. The codes are based on a police officer's perceived view of an individual's ethnicity, as opposed to that individual's self-definition.
IC Corporation IC Corporation is a builder of school buses in the United States which was established in 1933. Now it produces its own chassis and bodies and is a wholly owned subsidiary of International Truck and Engine Corporation.
IC Manage IC Manage is a commercial Revision Control (RC) system built on Perforce. IC Manage provides solutions to chip development companies for managing their hardware design databases as well as providing enterprise solutions for large scale Perforce customers.
IC programming IC programming (depending on the context just programming or the type of IC may also be used) is the process of transferring a computer program or other settings into an integrated circuit. Older types of IC including PPOMs and EPROMs and some early programmable logic was typically programmed through parallel busses that used many of the devices pins and basically required inserting the device in a separate programmer.
IC3 The InterCity 3 (IC3 or class MF) is a Danish-built high-comfort medium/long distance diesel multiple-unit train. The sets were built by ABB Scandia (which was later purchased by Adtranz, which itself was subsequently acquired by Bombardier Transportation).
IC4 The IC4 is an inter-city train built by Italian Ansaldo Breda for the Danish State Railways’ cross-Great Belt routes. Set to replace several types of outdated rolling stock as part of the company’s ‘good trains for everybody’ plan, the project has become a major political issue because of several delays.
ICal iCal is a personal calendar application made by Apple Computer that runs on the Mac OS X operating system. iCal was the first calendar application to offer support for multiple calendars and the ability to publish/subscribe calendars to WebDAV server.
ICalendar iCalendar is a standard (RFC 2445) for calendar data exchange. The standard is sometimes referred to as "iCal", which also is the name of the Apple Computer calendar program that provides one of the implementations of the standard.
ICapture Centre The iCapture Centre (formerly Macdonald Research Laboratories) is a research facility located at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, Canada and is associated with the Department of Pathology at the University of British Columbia.
ICAIR The International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR) at Northwestern University was established in 1998 as a research center focused on creating future Internet technologies. iCAIR and its research partners have established multiple research and development projects directed at creating next generation networks.
ICALEL ICALEL: Acronym for the Calabar International Conference on African Literature and the English Language founded and chaired by African scholar and critic Ernest Emenyonu. At the centre of the conference are African writers and critics from all over the world.
ICAO airline designator The ICAO airline designator is a code assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization to aircraft operating agencies, aeronautical authorities and services. The codes are unique by airline which is not true for the IATA airline designator codes.
ICAO airport code The ICAO airport code (IPA pronunciation: ) or location indicator is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. These codes are defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization and published in ICAO Document 7910: Location Indicators.
ICAP/4 ICAP/4 is a family of commercial SPICE analog circuit simulation software developed and sold by Intusoft for use on personal computers. It is Intusoft's fourth generation analog and mixed signal circuit simulation package and is used in electronic design automation.
ICC 6 Nations Challenge The ICC 6 Nations Challenge was a cricket tournament played every two years between 2000 and 2004. It was a tournament involving the best associate members of the International Cricket Council, who were joined in the first two tournaments by A teams from Zimbabwe (2000+2002) and Sri Lanka (2002 only).
ICC Americas Championship The ICC Americas Championship is a cricket tournament for the ICCs Americas development region. The tournament is competed for by associate and affiliate members of the International Cricket Council in the region.
ICC cricket ratings The LG ICC cricket ratings are a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances. Until 19 January 2005 they were known as the PwC cricket ratings, when LG Electronics took over the sponsorship of the ratings system.
ICC ODI Championship The ICC ODI Championship is an international competition run by the International Cricket Council in the sport of cricket for the 10 nations that play Test cricket and Kenya, a non-Test country with full One-day International (ODI) status. The competition is notional in the sense that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on all international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular ODI cricket scheduling.
ICC Profile ICC (International Color Consortium) Profiles describe the color attributes of a particular device or viewing requirement by defining a mapping between the source or target color space and a profile connection space (PCS). This PCS is either L*a*b* or CIE XYZ color space.
ICC Records ICC Records is the record label owned by ICC (International Christian Communications) Media Group and is a UK charitable-status Christian record production and distribution company based in Eastbourne, East Sussex.
ICC Super Series 2005 The ICC Super Series 2005 was a cricket series played in Australia in October 2005 and featuring some of the world's best cricketers. There were two teams playing: Australia, the world's ranked number one side, and an ICC World XI made up of some of the best non-Australian cricketers.
ICC Test Championship The ICC Test Championship is a notional competition run by the International Cricket Council in the sport of cricket for the 10 nations that play Test cricket. The competition is notional in the sense that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on all international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular Test cricket scheduling.
ICC Trophy The ICC Trophy is an international one-day cricket tournament run under the auspices of the International Cricket Council. Any Associate or Affiliate member of the ICC may attempt to qualify for the ICC Trophy by means of a system of regional qualifying events.
ICCF numeric notation ICCF numeric notation is the official chess game notation for all International Correspondence Chess Federation games. This is because in international correspondence chess the use of algebraic notation may cause confusion, since different languages have different names (and therefore different initials) for the pieces.
ICD The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings,
ICE (cipher) In cryptography, ICE (Information Concealment Engine) is a block cipher published by Kwan in 1997. The algorithm is similar in structure to DES, but with the addition of a key-dependent bit permutation in the round function.
ICE demolition protocol The ICE Demolition Protocol was produced by EnviroCentre, in partnership with London Remade, for the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). Launched at the ICE in November 2003, it has subsequently been referenced in planning guidance in both England and Scotland, at both national and local levels.
ICE Software A group of independent Glasgow-based games software developers, consisting of local programmers, artists and musicians who developed arcade conversions of many popular games in the late 80's and early 90's. Many were of the car-racing genre.
ICE Wireless ICE Wireless is the first GSM carrier in Yukon and the Northwest Territories, in the extreme north of Canada. Once completely launched they will provide coverage in Inuvik, Whitehorse, Yellowknife, Aklavik, Tuktoyaktuk, Norman Wells, Fort Simpson, Hay River, Dawson City and Watson Lake roaming partners include Rogers Wireless] and [[AT&T Wireless (Cingular) on the GSM 1900 MHz frequency.
ICESat ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite), part of NASA's Earth Observing System, is a satellite mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics. ICESat was launched 12 January 2003 on a Boeing Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California into a near-circular, near-polar orbit with an altitude of approximately 600 km.
ICFAI The ICFAI University (hereinafter referred to as the University) represents the multi-state network of universities, sponsored by the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (hereinafter referred to as the Institute) in Uttaranchal, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland under respective legislations. The Governments of Rajasthan and Chattisgarh issued letters of intent to the Institute for the establishment of Universities.

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