Encyclopedia

IEEE 829 IEEE 829-1998, also known as the 829 Standard for Software Test Documentation is an IEEE standard that specifies the form of a set of documents for use in eight defined stages of software testing, each stage potentially producing its own separate type of document. The standard specifies the format of these documents but does not stipulate whether they all must be produced, nor does it include any criteria regarding adequate content for these documents.
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing The IEEE Annals of the History of Computing is a quarterly journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It contains peer-reviewed articles and other contribitions on the history of computing by computer scientists and historians.
IEEE Computer Society IEEE Computer Society is an organizational unit of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It was established in 1963 when the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) merged to create the IEEE.
IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation The IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) is one of the largest and most important conferences within Evolutionary computation (EC), the other conferences of similar importance being Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) and Parallell Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN).
IEEE Intelligent Systems IEEE Intelligent Systems, a bimonthly publication of the IEEE Computer Society, provides peer-reviewed, cutting-edge articles on the theory and applications of systems that perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently. The editorial staff collaborates with authors to produce technically accurate, timely, useful, and readable articles as part of a consistent and consistently valuable editorial product.
IEEE Internet Award IEEE Internet Award was established by the IEEE] Board of Directors in June of 1999. It may be presented annually for exceptional contributions to the advancement of [[Internet technology for network architecture, mobility and/or end-use applications.
IEEE John von Neumann Medal The IEEE John von Neumann Medal was established by the IEEE Board of Directors in 1990 and may be presented annually "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology." The achievements may be theoretical, technological, or entrepreneurial, and need not have been made immediately prior to the date of the award.
IEEE Nikola Tesla Award The IEEE Nikola Tesla Award is an annual award given each year to a team or to an individual that has made an outstanding contribution to the generation or utilization of electric power. It is awarded by a Technical Field Awards Council of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society The IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society (NPSS) is a transnational group of about 3000 professional engineers and scientists.IEEE NPSS new member letter The IEEE-affiliated Society sponsors 5 major annual, and six biennial conferences and symposia.
IEEE P1675 IEEE P1675, what the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers calls the Standard for Broadband Over Power Line Hardware, intends to provide electric utility companies with a comprehensive standard for installing hardware required for broadband internet capabilities over their power lines. The standard will enable utilities to quickly develop a BPL program without the tedious task of investigating every possible hardware solution for safety and usability.
IEEE P1775 IEEE P1775, what the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers calls the Powerline Communication Equipment - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements - Testing and Measurement Methods, intends to provide electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) criteria, and consensus test and measurements procedure for broadband Power Line Communication (also known as
IEEE registration authority The IEEE Registration Authority is the administrative body that is responsible for registering and administering Organizationally Unique Identifiers (OUI) and other types of identifiers which are used in the computer and electronics industries (Individual Address Blocks (IAB), Manufacturer IDs, Standard Group MAC Addresses, Unique Registration Numbers (URN), EtherType values, etc.)
IEEE SA International Award The IEEE Standard Association Award is presented annually to an IEEE-SA individual member (who is also an IEEE member) who has made an extraordinary contribution to establishing the IEEE-SA as a world-class leader in standardization. Recognition consists of a crystal globe and certificate.
IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science The IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) is an annual academic conference on the theory and practice of computer science in relation to mathematical logic. The most recent LICS in 2006 was part of the Federated Logic Conference in Seattle.
IEEE Transactions on Communications The IEEE Transactions on Communications is an academic journal published by the IEEE Communications Society. It contains peer-reviewed articles and other contribitions in the area of telecommunications covering theoretical results and empirical studies.
IEEE Transactions on Computers The IEEE Transactions on Computers (TC) is a monthly journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It contains peer-reviewed articles and other contribitions in the area of computer design by computer scientists.
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation The IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (TEC) is a monthly journal published by the Computational Intelligence Society of the IEEE Computer Society. It contains peer-reviewed articles and other contribitions in the area of Evolutionary Computation and Natural Computation.
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory The IEEE Transactions on Information Theory is a scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). It is dedicated to the study of information theory, the mathematics of communications.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence The IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI) is a monthly journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It presents most important research results in areas including all traditional areas of computer vision and image understanding, all traditional areas of pattern analysis and recognition, and selected areas of machine intelligence.
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering The IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) is a monthly journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It contains peer-reviewed articles and other contribitions in the area of software engineering by computer scientists, covering theoretical results and empirical studies.
IEEE Vehicular Technology Society The IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS) was founded in 1949 as the Institute of Radio Engineers' (IRE) Committee on Vehicular and Railroad Radio. The Society's name has changed five times since then and its scope has expanded to include not only the "Radio" of the original name, but all manners of electronics associated with vehicular systems.
IEEE1588 Clock Synchronization IEEE 1588 refers to a standard that is used for sycronising time across a packet network typically TCP/IP over Ethernet. An advancement on Network Time Protocol IEEE 1588 makes more accurate timing by sending information about wave properties of a Caesium Atomic Standard Clock.
IEHA The International Economic History Association (IEHA) serves as an umbrella organization, which has been established in 1960 and unites economic historians from all over the world. Beside national economic history associations, it welcomes as member organizations also societies, which specialize in a specific discipline within economic history.
IEK IEK (Greek: Institouto Epagelmatikis Katartisis; Vocational Educational Institute) is a type of vocational education school in Greece. Other European Union countries have similar schools, though they are not called by the Greek name IEK.
IEntry Inc iEntry Incorporated is a privately held American email newsletter and Internet media publisher based in Lexington, Kentucky. Founder Rich Ord started the company in 1999 as a resource for small and medium sized businesses seeking information on electronic commerce and technology topics.
IESE IESE Business School, the graduate business school of the University of Navarra, is ranked as a top 10 business school in Europe and is renowned for its MBA and Executive MBA programs. IESE has campuses in Barcelona and Madrid.
IETF INDIA 2007 IETF (International Engineering & Technology Fair) is the foremost technology and engineering exhibition held bi-annually at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. The fair is organised and promoted by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
IETF PKIX Working Group The PKIX (Public-Key Infrastructure X.509) Working Group (PKIX-WG) was assigned — by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) — to develop the necessary Internet standards needed to support a Public Key Infrastructure, based on the X.
IETM An IETM or Interactive Electronic Technical Manual is a portal to manage technical documentation. IETMs compress volumes of text into just CD-roms or online pages which may include sound and video, and allow readers to locate needed information far more rapidly than in paper manuals.
Iʿrāb The Arabic word () designates the system of nominal and adjectival suffixes of Classical Arabic. They are written in fully vocalized Arabic texts, notably the Qur'an, and they are articulated when a text is formally read aloud, but they do not survive in any dialect of Arabic.
If (magazine) if, subtitled "Worlds of Science Fiction", was launched in March 1952, the creation of James L. Quinn of the Quinn Publishing Company, not to be confused with Robert Guin, who later published both if and its sister magazines including Galaxy (the title If had previously been used by Con Perderson in 1948 for a science fiction fanzine).
If a tree falls in a forest If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? This popular riddle appears often in pop culture, and raises many difficult questions regarding perception, observation, and our knowledge of reality.
If Americans Knew If Americans Knew is a non-profit organization that focuses on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, United States foreign policy regarding the Middle East, and media coverage of these issues. Its mission, according to the group's web site, is to provide "what every American needs to know about Israel/Palestine".
If Beale Street Could Talk If Beale Street Could Talk, James Baldwin's twelfth novel is a love story set in Harlem in the early 70's. Fonny and Tish are in love and their love protects them from their respective disfunctional families and the outside world until Fonny is falsely accused of rape.
If He Can't Be Me (Frankie J song) If He Can't Be Me is slated to be the third single lifted from Frankie J's third English-language album, Priceless. The song has been set for radio adds in the Top40 Mainstrem and Urban/Urban AC markets as of January 23rd, 2007.
If I Ain't Got You "If I Ain't Got You" is a Grammy Award-winning single released from R&B/soul musician Alicia Keys's sophomore album, The Diary of Alicia Keys. Released in 2004, the ballad peaked at number four on Billboard Hot 100.
If I Can't "If I Can't" is the fourth and final single from 50 Cent's debut album, Get Rich or Die Tryin'. Released in 2003, it reached #76 in the USA becoming 50 Cent's sixth Hot 100 entry; it also peaked at #10 in the UK as a double A-side "Them Thangs" (with G-Unit).
If I Can't Have You "If I Can't Have You" was written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. The song was intended to be included in the follow-up album to Children of the World (1976), but was given to singer Yvonne Elliman when the Bee Gees became involved in the production of the movie Saturday Night Fever (1977) in which the song, and also in the subsequent soundtrack, appeared.
If I Can't Smoke And Swear I'm Fucked If I Can't Smoke And Swear, I'm Fucked is the third episode of the third season of the hit Canadian mockumentary comedy series Trailer Park Boys. Directed by Mike Clattenburg, it aired on Showcase Television on May 4, 2003
If I Could Build My Whole World Around You "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You" was a popular recording for American soul music legends Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell in 1968. Written by Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, and Vernon Bullock, the single was Gaye & Terrell's third single together and the second to go Top 10 on both the Pop and R&B charts of Billboard peaking at #7 and #2 respectively.
If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Send Me Home If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Send Me Home (Sometimes printed as If I Die In A Combat Zone) is an autobiographical account of Tim O'Brien's tour of duty in the Vietnam War. It was published in 1973 in the United States by Delacorte and in Great Britain by Calder and Boyars Ltd.
If I Die Tomorrow "If I Die Tomorrow" is a song by the American hard rock band Mötley Crüe released on their 2005 compilation album Red, White & Crüe. The song was one of the new songs recorded by Mötley Crüe for the album.
If I Had You "If I Had You" is a 1928 song by Ted Shapiro, Jimmy Campbell, and Reg Connelly. The romantic love song has become a mainstream jazz standard, and continues to be performed and used in movie soundtracks into the 21st century.
If I Ruled the World "If I Ruled the World" is a song, originally from the West End musical, Pickwick, based on Charles Dickens' The Pickwick Papers. It is usually associated with Sir Harry Secombe, but has been covered by other singers, notably Tony Bennett and Stevie Wonder.
If I Should Fall From Grace With God (Single) "If I Should Fall From Grace With God" was a single released by The Pogues, From the album of the same name. It was the follow up to the Christmas Classic, Fairytale of New York, but despite the massive success of there previous single, the song stalled at Number 58 in the UK singles Chart.
If I Was Your Girlfriend "If I Was Your Girlfriend" was the second single off Prince's widely acclaimed 1987 double album Sign “☮” the Times. While it is today considered one of his most notable songs, at the time of its release the song did not chart well in the U.
If I Were a Bell "If I Were a Bell" is a song from the Frank Loesser show Guys and Dolls. It is a favourite with jazz musicians, particularly trumpeter Miles Davis, featuring on the Prestige album Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, of which tenor saxophone player John Coltrane was a member.
If I Were a Richman: a Tribute to the Music of Jonathan Richman If I Were a Richman: a Tribute to the Music of Jonathan Richman is a tribute album released in 2001 by the American label Wampus Multimedia. It focuses on Richman's early days with the original Modern Lovers, through numerous iterations of the Lovers, to his latter-day solo career.
If It's Lovin' That You Want "If It's Lovin' That You Want" is a pop-reggae song written by Samuel Barnes, Scott La Rock, Mosely Makeba, Jean-Claude Alexsander, Lawrence Parker Oliver for Rihanna's debut album Music of the Sun (2005). Produced by Carl Sturken, and Evan Rogers, it was released as the album's second single after the success of her debut single, "Pon de Replay".
If It's Over "If It's Over" is a song written by American singer Mariah Carey and Carole King, and produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff for Carey's second album Emotions (1991). King had originally suggested that Carey cover her song "(You Make Me Feel like) a Natural Woman", but Carey refused, saying she preferred writing her own material and felt incapable of matching Aretha Franklin's cover.
If Its Real If Its Real is the Liverpool-based rock band Space's debut single, released only on 12" vinyl in 1993 under a restriction of 500 copies. The sleeve was contained with a fortune fish, which fans believed it was supposed to predict the band's future.
If Leaving Me Is Easy If Leaving Me Is Easy, is a song by Phil Collins from his 1981 album "Face Value". It's also the final song from the album to become a single, reaching #17 in the UK, but was never released as a single in the United States.
If Looks Could Kill, I'd Watch You Die If Looks Could Kill I'd Watch You Die was Death By Stereo's first release, released in 1999 under Indecision Records. It is highly acclaimed in the hardcore community for its originality and raw sound, tight drumming, lightning fast guitars and tempo changes.
If Man is Five If Man is Five is an experimental metal/punk rock band based in Binghamton, NY, USA. Their debut album, Azraela, received rave reviews from a variety of sources, being named "best album of the summer of 2003" by a regional music magazine 315.
If My Heart Had Windows With her second album, If My Heart Had Windows, Patty Loveless finally broke into the upper reaches of the Billboard Top Country Singles charts with both "If My Heart Had Windows" and "A Little Bit in Love" reaching the Country Top Ten.
If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things is author Jon McGregor's first novel, and first published by Bloomsbury in 2002. It centres around a day in the life of a suburban British street, with the plot alternately following the lives of the streets various inhabitants.
If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler The author in Italo Calvino’s If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler plays an unusual role from its intriguing introduction to the structure of the story itself. Through this method, Calvino creates a strong argument that although it may seem that the author is a partner with the reader in creating meaning, there actually is no partnership and the reader has entrusted total control of his intellect to a stranger who has the power to manipulate it in any way he chooses.
If Only (song) "If Only" is a song taken from the debut album Queens of the Stone Age by Queens of the Stone Age, released as a promotional single in late 1998. The song is a re-recording of a previously released track, "If Only Everything".
If Only Everything "If Only Everything" is a 1996 song (and 7" single) by American rock band Gamma Ray, later well known as Queens of the Stone Age. The single also contains the song "Born to Hula", and was released on the now defunct Man's Ruin label.
If Only You Knew If Only You Knew was a single written and produced primarily by Dexter Wansel and Cynthia Biggs for American R&B singer Patti LaBelle's sixth solo album, I'm in Love Again. It was released as the album's second single in 1983, spending four weeks at number one on the U.
If This Goes On— “If This Goes On—” is a science fiction short novel by Robert A. Heinlein, first serialized in 1940 in Astounding Science-Fiction and revised and expanded for inclusion in the 1953 collection Revolt in 2100.
If This Is Hell, Then I'm Lucky Deadboy and the Elephantmen's debut effort, "If This Is Hell, Then I'm Lucky", is a rough and gritty collection of early recordings, masterfully driven by the eerie voice of singer/songwriter Dax Riggs.
If This World Were Mine "If This World Were Mine" was originally a 1967 song by soul legends Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell from their album United. Written solely by Gaye, it was one of the few songs they recorded without Ashford & Simpson writing or producing.
If Tomorrow Never Comes "If Tomorrow Never Comes" is a song by American country music artist Garth Brooks. Written by Brooks and Kent Blazy, it was released on his self-titled 1989 debut album Garth Brooks and also appears on The Hits, The Limited Series and Double Live.
If We Make It Through December "If We Make It Through December" is one of the trademark songs of country music superstar Merle Haggard. Written in 1973, it treats, with Haggard's characteristically simple poetry, the desperate optimism of a working class man dealing with economic hardship.
If We Were A Movie "If We Were a Movie" is a 2006 song by Hannah Montana, a character on the Disney Channel show Hannah Montana, who is played by Miley Cyrus. The song is a love song in which a romance is idealistically imagined as developing along the lines of a typical romantic film plot.
If You Don't Know Me By Now "If You Don't Know Me By Now" is a song by the Philadelphia soul musical group Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, which became their first hit after being released as a single in 1972. It was later covered by the English pop/soul band Simply Red, also becoming their best-known hit after reaching number one on the U.
If You Go Away "If You Go Away" is a song in English based upon the French song "Ne Me Quitte Pas", written by Jacques Brel. The English lyrics were written by Rod McKuen as part of a larger project to translate Brel's work.
If You Go Down in the Woods Today If You Go Down in the Woods Today is the name of a British TV film comedy from 1981 written, directed and starring Eric Sykes, also featuring Robin Bailey and Norman Bird amongst a cast of dozens. The film, produced by Thames TV, has been described by Sykes as 'a comedy thriller, an Agatha Christie gone mad!
If You Have to Ask "If You Have to Ask" Is the second song on the Red Hot Chili Peppers album Blood Sugar Sex Magik. In 1993 it became the fifth and final single released from that album, complete with an accompanying music video which features Arik Marshall, who acted as a brief replacement for guitarist John Frusciante following his departure from the band.
If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody is a two-part play by Thomas Heywood, depicting the life and reign of Elizabeth I of England, written very soon after the latter's death. The title deliberately echoes that of Samuel Rowley's 1605 play When You See Me You Know Me.
If You Love Me, Let Me Know If You Love Me, Let Me Know was a United States and Canada-only album by singer Olivia Newton-John, released in 1974. Half of the tracks on the album are from her European and Australian release, Long Live Love, and half are new additions.
If You Must "If You Must" is a song written by Kurt Cobain and recorded by Nirvana on January 23, 1988. Cobain admitted that he hated the song, which is probably the reason why it wasn't released on any of the official Nirvana albums.
If You Really Love Me "If You Really Love Me" is the title of a song written by Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright. Wonder recorded the song and released his version as a single and as a track on his 1971 album Where I'm Coming From.
If You Really Loved Me If You Really Loved Me is a book by public speaker and Catholic apologist Jason Evert. The book is based on the interactions between Jason and the thousands of teenagers he comes into contact with during his chastity presentations.
If You See God, Tell Him If You See God, Tell Him was a black comedy television series starring Richard Briers, Adrian Edmondson, and Imelda Staunton. Written by Andrew Marshall and David Renwick, it was first broadcast on BBC1 in 1993.
If You See Her If You See Her is the seventh studio album by country music duo Brooks & Dunn. The album featured four radio singles, all of which reached the top 50 on the US Hot Country chart: How Long Gone (#1), Husbands And Wives (#1), I Can't Get Over You (#5), and South Of Santa Fe (#41).
If You Want Me to Stay "If You Want Me to Stay" is a 1973 hit single by Sly & the Family Stone, from their 1973 album Fresh. The single was the band's final Top 20 pop hit, and is the best-known of its post-There's a Riot Goin' On recordings.
If You Were with Me Now "If You Were with Me Now" is a pop–ballad song written by British songwriting team Stock and Waterman, Kylie Minogue and American pop-singer Keith Washington for Minogue's fourth studio album Let's Get to It (1991). The song was produced by Stock and Waterman and received a mixed reception from music critics.
If You're Feeling Sinister: Live at the Barbican If You're Feeling Sinister: Live at Barbican is a live album by Scottish pop group Belle & Sebastian. It features the performance of songs from their 1996 album, If You're Feeling Sinister, recorded at the Barbican Arts Centre in London on September the 25th, 2005.
If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows) "If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows)" is the name of a song written by Sam Tate, Annie Tate, and Dave Berg. Rodney Atkins released it in 2006 as the first single from his album If You're Going Through Hell.
If You've Got Trouble "If You've Got Trouble" is a song written by Lennon/McCartney. It was recorded by The Beatles on February 18 1965, but remained unreleased until March 1996 when it was included on their Anthology 2 album.
If Your Girl Only Knew If Your Girl Only Knew is a 1996 song by R&B/Pop music single by American singer Aaliyah. The first single from the singer's sophomore album One In A Million, it peaked at number on on Billboards R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Chart and number eleven on Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart.
If-by-whiskey In political discourse, if-by-whiskey is a relativist fallacy where the response to a question is contingent on the questioner's opinion. An if-by-whiskey argument affirms both sides of an issue, and agrees with whichever side the questioner supports.
If... (TV series) If... is a series of BBC drama-documentaries broadcast on BBC TWO from March to April 2004 and December 2004 to January 2005, each of which considers the potentially catastrophic political or social consequences that might arise from current trends in the United Kingdom.
Ifakara Ifakara is a small rural town in the Kilombero district, Morogoro region, south central Tanzania. It is the headquarter of the Kilombero district administration and the main trading centre for Kilombero and Ulanga districts.
If— ]] stoicism and the "stiff upper lip" that popular culture has made into a traditional British virtue. Its status is both confirmed by the number of parodies it has inspired, and by the widespread popularity it still draws amongst Britons (it was voted Britain's favourite poem in a 1995 BBC opinion poll).
Ifco tray Ifco trays are containers primarily used in retail to hold fruit and vegetables. They are attractive due to their ability to be stacked in many different configurations, much like Lego, either when flattened or completely upright, and due to their reusable nature.
Ifeanyi Emeghara Ifeanyi Emeghara (born March 24, 1984 in Lagos) is a Nigerian football player, who has been playing since January 2006 for FCU Politehnica TimiĹźoara, after being bought from FK Partizan. The young and versatile defender can be seen on both sides of the pitch and is often remarked due to his good technique.
Ifest iFest - the Internet Festival and Conference is a new festival to be held in Edinburgh, Scotland in August 2007, at the same time as many of the other Edinburgh Festivals. iFest is designed to complement and work with the other established festivals rather than compete directly.
Iffland-Ring The Iffland-Ring is a ring with the picture of August Wilhelm Iffland (an actor, dramatist and theatre director who played Franz Moor in the debut performance of Friedrich Schiller's Die Räuber in the National Theatre of Mannheim).
Iffley Iffley is a village in Oxfordshire, England, location (at the church), within the boundaries of the city of Oxford, located between the estates of Rose Hill, Cowley, and Donnington, and in proximity to the River Thames (Isis). Its most notable feature is its original and largely unchanged Norman church, St Mary the Virgin, which is home to a modern stained glass "Nativity Window" designed by John Piper.
Iffy Onuora Ifem ('Iffy') Onuora (born 28 July, 1967 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a coach and ex-professional footballer born in Scotland of Nigerian descent. Onuora was a journeyman striker who played for eight lower league clubs, including two spells at both Huddersfield Town and Gillingham.
Ifield, Crawley Ifield is a former village and now a neighbourhood within the town of Crawley in West Sussex, England. Ifield is in the west of the town and is bordered by Langley Green to the north east, West Green to the east across the ring road and Gossops Green and Bewbush to the south across the Arun Valley railway line.
Ifni War The Ifni War sometimes called the Forgotten War in Spain (la Guerra Olvidada), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and indigenous Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of Sidi Ifni.
Ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung The ifo Institute für Wirtschaftsforschung (Information and Forschungs (research)) Institute for Economic Research) is one of the most renowned economic research institutions in Germany. It is based in Munich and is dedicated to anylizing economic policy and releasing a monthly Business Climate Index (Geschäftsklimaindex).
Iford Manor Iford Manor () in Wiltshire sits on the steep slopes of the idyllic Frome river valley, which itself has been occupied since Roman times. The house is mediaeval in origin, the classical façade having been added in the eighteenth century when the hanging woodlands above the garden were planted.
Ifremer Ifremer is the "Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer"; an oceanographic institution in France, whose name translates to English as the "French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea". In 1985, Ifremer partnered with Dr.
Ifriqiya In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic: إفريقية) was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa.
Iftar Iftar (Arabic: إفطار), refers to the evening meal for breaking the daily fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Iftar during Ramadan is often done as a community, with Muslims gathering to break their fast together.

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