Encyclopedia > I > 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
Income statement Income statements for companies indicate how net revenue (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") is transformed into net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as the "bottom line"). The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.
Income Shares An Income Shares formula is used by many states to establish the child support amount of each child rather than what it actually costs to raise a child. Income Shares tables calculating child support are not based directly on actual spending on children but rather on indirect estimates of child costs.
Income Support Income Support is an income-related benefit in the United Kingdom for people who are on a low income. Claimants of Income Support are entitled to certain other benefits, for example, Housing Benefit, Council Tax Benefit and help with health costs.
Income tax in Australia Broadly, Australia levies tax on three sources of income for individual taxpayers: personal earnings (for example, salary and wages), business income, and capital gains. Income received by individuals is taxed at progressive rates.
Income tax in India The government of India imposes an income tax on taxable income of individuals, Hindu Undivided Families(HUFs), companies (firms), co-operative societies and trusts. The Income Tax department is governed by the Central Board for Direct Taxes (CBDT) and is part of the Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance.
Income tax in Peru Income tax in Peru is collected by the Superintendencia Nacional de AdministraciĂłn Tributaria, best known as SUNAT. This country uses a system of progressive taxation on personal income, and a flat rate tax on business income.
Income tax in the United States The federal government of the United States (as well as some state and municipal governments) imposes a progressive tax on the taxable income of individuals, corporations, trusts, decedents' estates, and certain bankruptcy estates. The first Federal income tax was imposed (under Article I, section 8, clause 1 of the U.
Income taxes in Canada Income taxes in Canada constitute the majority of the annual revenues of the Government of Canada, and of the governments of the Provinces of Canada. In the last fiscal year, the government collected roughly three times more personal income taxes than it did corporate income taxes.
Income Tax Act 1842 The Income Tax Act 1842 (citation 5 & 6 Vict c. 35) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed under the government of Robert Peel, which re-introduced an income tax in Britain, at the rate of 7 pence in the pound on all annual incomes greater than ÂŁ150.
Incompatibilitas Incompatibilitas (a Latin term, meaning "incompatibility") was a principle instituted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, from 1569, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) which forbade an individual to hold two or more official administrative positions. The principle of incompatibilitas evolved in the 15th-16th centuries in response to a demand from lesser nobility (szlachta), and was designed to curtail the sway of more powerful nobility (the magnates).
Incompatibility thesis Incompatibility thesis in research methodology is an argument that the quantitative research and qualitative research paradigms cannot coexist. This thesis is supported by philosophies of post-structuralists and post-modernists (among others), who argue for the exclusive superiority of their qualitative orientation and are strongly opposed to any mixing of those two paradigms (as is advocated by the proponets of mixed-method research, also known as pragmatist paradigm or compatibility thesis).
Incompatible Food Triad The Incompatible Food Triad is a puzzle that allegedly originated with the philosopher Wilfrid Sellars, and has been spread by some of his former colleagues and students, including Nuel Belnap and George Hart, who keeps a page on it at: http://www.georgehart.
Incompatible Timesharing System ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System (named in comparison with the Compatible Timesharing System also in use at MIT), was an early, revolutionary, and influential MIT time-sharing operating system which was written in assembly; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC.
Incompatible-properties argument The Incompatible-properties argument is the idea that no description of God is consistent with reality. For example, if one takes the definition of God to be described fully from the Bible, then the claims of what properties God has described therein might be argued to lead to a contradiction.
Incomplete (Backstreet Boys song) "Incomplete" is a power ballad & is the first single from the Backstreet Boys album Never Gone, released in June of 2005. The song is the group's first single in over four years, as the group did not record an album between 2001 and their 2005 comeback.
Incomplete (SisqĂł song) "Incomplete" is a 2000 number-one hit single recorded by SisqĂł for Def Soul Records. Written by Def Soul artist Montell Jordan and Anthony "Shep" Crawford, and produced by Crawford, the song was SisqĂł's biggest solo hit single, and his only number-one hit.
Incomplete markets The Theory of Incomplete Markets is an extension of the general equilibrium approach to intertemporal economies with uncertainty, where the set of available contracts which can be used to transfer wealth across time is limited relative to the possible probabilistic states that an economy might find itself in. Unlike in the standard Arrow-Debreu model where all trade takes place at beginning of time, in an economy with incomplete markets agents trade in sequential spot markets.
Incomplete pass An incomplete pass is a term in American football which means that a legal forward pass hits the ground before a player on either team gains possession. For example, if the quarterback throws the ball to one of his wide receivers, and the receiver either does not touch it, or tries to catch it unsuccessfully, it is ruled as an incomplete pass.
Incompleteness of quantum physics Incompleteness of quantum physics is the assertion that the state of a physical system, as formulated by quantum mechanics, does not give a complete description for the system. A complete description is one which uniquely determines the values of all its measurable properties.
InconfidĂŞncia Mineira The InconfidĂŞncia Mineira (Minas Conspiracy) of 1789, a Brazilian independence movement, was a result of the confluence of external and internal causes. The main external cause was the repercussions in this Portuguese colony of the independence in 1776 of the thirteen British colonies in North America, a development that particularly impressed the intellectual elite living in the captaincy of Minas Gerais.
Inconnu Independent Art Group Inconnu Independent Art Group is the name of a Hungarian group of maverick fine artists in the communist and postcommunist era. Original and founder members are Bokros Péter, Molnár Tamás, Philipp Tibor, Pálinkás Róbert.
Inconsistent comparison An inconsistent comparison is a misleading argument popular in advertising. For example, an advertisement might say "product X is less expensive than product A, has better quality than product B, and has more features than product C".
Inconstant Moon "Inconstant Moon" is a science fiction short story by Larry Niven that first appeared in Niven's 1971 short story collection All the Myriad Ways. Inconstant Moon won the 1972 Hugo Award for best short story.
Incontinence pad An incontinence pad is a small impermeable multi-layered sheet with high absorbancy that is used in the health-care industry. Incontinence pads are usually placed on a bed under a patient as a precaution against incontinence.
Incontrovertible evidence Incontrovertible evidence is a colloquial term for evidence introduced to prove a fact, which evidence is supposed to be so conclusive that there can be no other truth as to that matter; evidence so strong it overpowers contrary evidence, directing a fact-finder to a certain conclusion.
Incorporated Council of Law Reporting The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting publish The Law Reports, The Weekly Law Reports, The Industrial Cases Reports and upcoming series of The Business Law Reports which will launch in 2007, which are periodicals of UK case law. They also provide free case summaries within 24 hours of judgment.
Incorporated engineer Incorporated engineer is a professional qualification in engineering (not a degree) offered through professional associations that act as subsidiary instruments of the Engineering Council (UK). The Engineering Council (UK) is the regulatory authority for professional registration of engineers in the United Kingdom.
Incorporated territory An incorporated territory of the United States is a specific area under the jurisdiction of the United States, over which the United States Congress has determined that the United States Constitution is to be applied to the territory's local government and inhabitants in its entirety (e. g.
Incorporated town An incorporated town in the United States is a town which is an incorporated municipality, that is, one with a charter received from the state, similar to a city. An incorporated town will have elected officials, as differentiated from an unincorporated community, which exists only by tradition and does not have elected officials at the town level.
Incorporation by reference Incorporation by reference is a doctrine of the common law of wills by which a person may state in his will that certain property is to be disposed of by a separate document, describing the place where the document will be found. Three requirements must generally be met in order for such a document to be given effect:
Incorporation of nature within a city Over the centuries the roles of rivers as part of the city has altered many times from the original use for the irrigating crops in nearby fields, as well as being an essential resource in establishing a permanent settlement.
Incorporeal Incorporeal refers to the notion or idea that there is an incorporeal realm or place, that is unlike the corporeal or material world. The idea of the immaterial is often used in reference to God or the Divine.
Incorrectly formatted data Incorrectly formatted data is a means of describing data that is incompatible with or unsuitable for the mechanism for processing it. This may include data that is out of range or malformed, but not data that is valid but incorrect.
Incorrigibility In philosophy, incorrigibility is a property of a philosophical proposition, which implies that it is necessarily true simply by virtue of being believed. A common example of such a proposition is René Descartes' "cogito ergo sum.
Incoterm By the 1920s, commercial traders had developed a set of trade terms to describe their rights and liabilities with regards to the sale and transport of goods. These trade terms consisted of short abbreviations for lengthy contract provisions.
Incr Tcl incr Tcl (the name is a pun on "C++", and often abbreviated to "itcl") is a set of object-oriented extensions for the Tcl programming language. It is widely used among the Tcl community, and is regarded as industrial strength.
Increase Lapham Increase Allen Lapham (March 1811 - September 15, 1875) was an author, scientist, and naturalist. Born in Palmyra, New York, his family moved to Pennsylvania, back to New York, to Ohio then to Louisville, Kentucky (1827-1830) then back to Ohio while his father, Seneca Lapham, worked on the canals in various locations.
Increase Mather The Reverend Increase Mather (June 21 1639 — August 23 1723) was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay (now the Federal state of Massachusetts). He was a Puritan minister who was involved with the government of the colony, the administration of Harvard College, and most notoriously, the Salem witch trials.
Increasing Student Achievement Increasing Student Achievement: What State NAEP Test Scores Tell Us is a RAND study of educational reform in the United States. The League of Education Voters cites the study in support of its Initiative 728, which advocates reducing class size and increasing per-pupil expenditures.
Incredible Bongo Band The Incredible Bongo Band, also known as Michael Viner's Incredible Bongo Band, was a project started by Michael Viner, a record artist manager and executive at MGM Records. The band's output consisted of instrumental music in the funk genre, characterised by the prominence of bongo drums and also conga drums.
Incredible Crisis Incredible Crisis (Tondemo Crisis in Japan) is a PlayStation game featuring music from the Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra. It consists of several mini-games strung together and book ended with pre-rendered scenes.
Incredible Expanding Mindfuck Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, also known as IEM, is a musical side project of Porcupine Tree's leader, Steven Wilson, influenced by 70's Krautrock. It is more experimental than Wilson's more well-known band, Porcupine Tree, and is almost entirely instrumental.
Incredible hulk (drink) An Incredible Hulk or Green Eyed Monster is a green-colored cocktail made by equal parts (2 fl oz each)Hypnotiq.com official recipe → Drink Recipes → Exotiq Cocktails → Incredible Hulk (No direct link is available due to the Adobe Flash interface.
Incredible Hulk (video game) The Incredible Hulk is a side scrolling action game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, Sega Master System and Game Gear. The object is to control the Incredible Hulk while searching for The Leader who the player must fight and destroy.
Incredible Science Fiction Incredible Science Fiction, published by EC Comics in 1955 and 1956, was a retitled version of the comic Weird Science-Fantasy, which changed its title in 1955 in order to be accepted under the Comics Code, which did not allow the use of the word "Weird." The comic changed its title with issue 30, but due to attempts to save money on postage, the numbering did not restart (and hence, issue 30 is actually the first issue of this title).
Incredible Story Studios Incredible Story Studios (formerly Incredible Story Studio) was a TV Series aired worldwide, especially in Canada and the UK that received stories written by children and made a TV episode segment of the series based entirely on the written story, but only when they graded it "INCREDIBLE" (according to the show's opening sequence). The show is currently off air and having DVDs published & distributed by Digiview Productions.
Incremental backup An incremental backup is a backup method where multiple backups are kept (not just the last one). These backups will be incremental if each original piece of backed up information is stored only once, and then successive backups only contain the information that changed since the previous one.
Incremental compiler Generally a compiler for a programming language is a piece of software that reads in one or more program files in a source language and outputs one or more files containing machine code or some other low level language. Those files then go through additional processes to produce a running program.
Incremental encoding Incremental encoding, also known as front compression or back compression, is a type of delta encoding compression algorithm whereby common prefixes or suffixes and their lengths are recorded so that they need not be duplicated. This algorithm is particularly well-suited for compressing sorted data, e.
Incremental find In computing, incremental find, or inline find/progressive find, is a feature that can be found in various applications that involves the searching of text string. Usually, in contrast to traditional find, no modal window is used.
Incrementalism This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. If you are familiar with the subject matter, please check for inaccuracies and modify as needed, citing sources.
Incretin Incretins are a type of gastrointestinal hormone that cause an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, even before blood glucose levels become elevated. They also slow the rate of absorption of nutrients into the blood stream by reducing gastric emptying and may directly reduce food intake.
Incruit Incruit Corporation (Hangul:인í¬ëŁ¨íŠ¸, ), is a Korea-based corporation, established in 1998, that manages the Incruit web service. Incruit Corporation is headquartered at the Seoul in Korea, and employs over 200 people.
Incubation period Incubation period, also called the latent period or latency period, is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, or chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. The period may be as short as minutes, to as long as thirty years in the case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Incubator (microbiology) In microbiology, an incubator is a device for controlling the temperature, humidity, and other conditions in which a microbiological culture is being grown. The simplest incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, typically going up to 60 to 65 °C (140 to 150 °F), though some can go slightly higher (generally to no more than 100 °C).
Incubous The term incubous is used to describe the way in which the leaves of a leafy liverwort are attached to the stem. If you were to look down from above (dorsal side) on a liverwort where the leaf attachment is incubous, the upper edge of each leaf would overlap the next higher leaf along the stem.
Incubus (1965 film) Incubus (Esperanto: Inkubo) is a black and white horror film originally released in 1965 and later restored in 2001. Incubus was directed by Leslie Stevens, creator of The Outer Limits, and stars a pre-Star Trek William Shatner.
Incubus (band) Incubus is a five-piece alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. The band has enjoyed great success over their fifteen-year long career, with singles like "Drive" and "Wish You Were Here" making them household names in today's musical climate.
Incubus (demon) In Western medieval legend, an incubus (plural incubi) is a demon in male form supposed to lie upon sleepers, especially women, in order to have sexual intercourse with them. They are also believed to do this in order to spawn other incubi.
Inculturation Inculturation is a term used in Christian missiology referring to the adaptation of the way the Gospel is presented for the specific cultures being evangelized. The term was popularized by the encyclical Redemptoris Missio of Pope John Paul II (1990), but predates that encyclical.
Incumbent (ecclesiastical) The incumbent of a benefice, usually the parish priest, in Anglican canon law holds the temporalities or assets and income. The incumbent has legal possession of the church and glebe for the term of his office, but shares with the churchwardens the responsibility for them.
Incumbent local exchange carrier ILEC, short for incumbent local exchange carrier, is a local telephone company in the United States that was in existence at the time of the break up of AT&T into the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) also known as the "Baby Bells" and GTE. ILECs compete with upstart Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC).
Incus Records Incus Records is an artist owned record label, founded by Derek Bailey, Tony Oxley and Evan Parker, specialising in the dissemination of free-improvised music. The first release on the label was The Topography of the Lungs, recorded by Bailey, Parker and Han Bennink in 1970.
Indaba An indaba is an important conference held by the "indunas" or principal men of the Zulu and Xhosa peoples of South Africa. Such indabas may include only the indunas of a particular community or may be held with representatives of other communities.
Indal Court District Indal Court District, or Indals tingslag, was a district of Medelpad in Sweden. The provinces in Norrland were never divided into hundreds and instead the court district (tingslag) served as the basic division of rural areas.
Indalecio Prieto Indalecio Prieto Tuero (April 30, 1883 - February 11, 1962) was a Spanish politician, one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.
Indalo The indalo is a prehistoric magical symbol found in the cave of "Los Letreros" ("The Signboards) in VĂ©lez Blanco, Spain. It has been customary to paint the Indalo symbol on the front of houses and businesses to protect them from evil (similar to the Southwestern Kokopelli) and is considered to be a god totem.
Indanthrone blue Indanthrone blue is an organic substance made from 2-aminoanthraquinone treated with potassium hydroxide in the presence of a potassium salt. It is a pigment that can be used in the following mediums: acrylic, alkalyd, casein, encaustic, fresco, gouache, linseed oil, tempera, pastel, and watercolor painting.
Indarjit Singh Indarjit Singh (sometimes Inderjit Singh), OBE, (1932, Rawalpindi, india - ) is a British journalist and broadcaster, editor of the Sikh Messenger and widely known as a frequent presenter of the Thought for the Day segment on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme, and BBC Radio 2's Pause for Thought. He is also a contributor to British and overseas newspapers and journals including The Times, The Guardian and The Independent.
Indautxu Indautxu is a "barrio" (area) of central Bilbao located between the barrios of San Mamés and Abando. It is centred on Plaza Indautxu, a large, newly reformed square under which there is a small shopping centre and a station for Metro Bilbao.
Inday Badiday Inday Badiday (August 6 1944 - September 26 2003) was referred to by many in the entertainment industry as Ate Luds, was known as Philippine television's "queen of showbiz talk shows" and "queen of intrigues".
Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva is a subsidiary of Embraer which produces airplanes and aircraft components. Its main product is the Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, the most employed agricultural aircraft in Brazil and the first alcohol-powered airplane.
Inde The Inde is a small river in Belgium and Germany, left tributary of the Rur. It has its source near Raeren in Eastern Belgium, runs through Aachen-KornelimĂĽnster, Eschweiler and Inden, and flows into the river Rur near JĂĽlich.
Indecent exposure Indecent exposure is the display of bare parts of the human body that, according to the standards of the local cultural norms, would otherwise be clothed. In most public places other than designated areas where nudity is acceptable such as in nude beaches, unwelcome exposure of an adult's genitalia is the most common example of indecent exposure.
Indecision Indecision is a hardcore punk band started in 1993. The band members -- guitarists Justin Brannan and Rachael Rosen, drummer Pat Flynn, bassist Steve Bago and vocalist Tom Sheehan (who was replaced by Artie Phillie in 1998) -- met while attending a Catholic high school in the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn.
Indecomposable module In abstract algebra, a module is defined to be indecomposable if it is non-zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non-zero submodules. In many situations, all modules of interest can be written as direct sums of indecomposable ones; the indecomposable modules can then be thought of as the "basic building blocks", the only objects that need to be studied.
Indefinite leave to remain Indefinite leave to remain (ILR), is an immigration status granted to a person who does not hold right of abode in the United Kingdom, but who has been admitted to the UK without any time limit on his stay and who is free to take up employment or study, without restriction. When indefinite leave is granted to persons outside the United Kingdom it is known as indefinite leave to enter (ILE).
Indefinite lifespan Indefinite lifespan is a term used in the life extension movement to refer to the longevity of humans (and other lifeforms) under conditions in which ageing can be effectively and completely prevented and treated. Such individuals would still, of course, be susceptible to death, just not to death from aging.
Indefinite logarithm The indefinite logarithm of a positive number n (variously denoted [log n], mathrm{Log}(n) or even sometimes just log n) is just the logarithm with respect to any base, when we don't worry about the base. This is as opposed to the ordinary, or definite logarithm, where there is always (implicitly or explicitly) a particular base to which the logarithm is being taken.
Indefinite Monism Indefinite Monism is a philosophical conception of reality that asserts that only Awareness is real and that the wholeness of Reality can be conceptually thought of in terms of immanent and transcendent aspects. The immanent aspect is denominated simply as Awareness, while the transcendent aspect is referred to as Omnific Awareness.
Indel The word indel is a portmanteau of insertion and deletion, referring to the two types of genetic mutation that are often considered together because of their similar effect. Unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, they produce a frameshift mutation.
Indemnity Indemnity is the right to receive compensation from another for a loss paid. Indemnity does not alter the assignment of liability, but permits the indemnified to effectively escape the burden of paying for the liability incurred.
Indemnity and Oblivion Act The Indemnity and Oblivion Act passage through the Convention Parliament was secured by Lord Clarendon, the first minister of King Charles II and it became law on 29 August 1660 during the first year of the English Restoration.
Indemnity Act The Indemnity Act was first promulgated as an ordinance by Bangladesh president Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad. It was made a formal statute by Major General Ziaur Rahman and later approved by the Jatiyo Sangshad as official legislation.
Indent style In computer programming, an indent style is a convention governing the indentation of blocks of code to convey the program's structure. This article largely addresses the C programming language and its descendants, but can be (and frequently is) applied to most other programming languages (especially those in the curly bracket family).
Indentation hardness As the direction of materials science continues towards studying the basis of properties on smaller and smaller length scales, different techniques are used to quantify material characteristics and tendencies. Measuring mechanical properties for materials on smaller length scales, like thin films, can not be done using conventional uniaxial tensile testing.
Indented Head, Victoria Indented Head is a small coastal township located on the Bellarine Peninsula, east of Geelong, in the Australian state of Victoria. The town lies on the coast of the Port Phillip Bay between the towns of Portarlington and St Leonards.
Indenture The term Indenture comes from the medieval English "indenture of retainer" — a legal contract written in duplicate on the same sheet, with the copies separated by cutting along a jagged (toothed, hence the term "indenture") line so that the teeth of the two parts could later be refitted to confirm authenticity.
Indentured servant An Indentured Servant is a bonded labourer — a labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, usually seven to eight years, to pay off a passage to a new country or home. Typically the employer provided little if any monetary pay, but was responsible for accommodation, food, other essentials, and training.
IndependĂŞncia total IndependĂŞncia total is the national anthem of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe. The anthem, adopted in 1975, was written by Alda Neves da Graça do EspĂrito Santo and composed by Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida.
Independence (mathematical logic) In mathematical logic, a sentence Ď is called independent of a given first-order theory T if T neither proves nor refutes Ď; that is, it is impossible to prove Ď from T, and it is also impossible to prove from T that Ď is false.
Independence Bowl The PetroSun Independence Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that is played annually at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana, so named because it was inaugurated in the United States bicentennial year, 1976.
Independence Brazil Cup The Independence Brazil Cup was a tournament held in Brazil, from 11 June to 9 July 1972, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Brazil's independence from Portugal. It was called by the Brazilians, the "Minicopa" and his final was, precisely, between Brazil and Portugal, in the MaracanĂŁ Stadium, at 9 July 1972.
Independence constitution Independence constitution is the name commonly given by African political scientists to originating constitutions (many of which are extant) of former British colonies, primarily in Africa, which gained their independence approximately 1960-1990.
Independence Commemorative Decoration The Independence Commemorative Decoration was a Rhodesian civil decoration awarded to persons who had rendered valuable service to Rhodesia. The award was instituted in 1970 by Presidential Warrant, the first awards being made the same year.
Independence Day An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state. Most countries honour their respective independence day as a national holiday.
Independence Day (film) Independence Day (also known as its promotional abbreviation ID4) is an American science fiction movie about an attempted alien takeover of Earth. The movie features several scenes of major landmarks being destroyed by the aliens, such as the White House, the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty and the US Bank Tower in Los Angeles.
Independence Day (novel) Independence Day, a 1995 novel by Richard Ford, won the Pulitzer Prize and PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction in 1996, the first novel ever to win both awards in a single year. A sequel to Ford's well-regarded novel, The Sportswriter (1986), Independence Day nonetheless stands alone and is often considered a more mature and important work.
Independence Day (Philippines) Philippine Independence Day (Filipino: Araw ng Kalayaan) is a working holiday in the Philippines commemorating the country's declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. It is held every year on June 12.
Independence Day (United States) In the United States, Independence Day (commonly known as "the Fourth of July" or "July Fourth") is a federal holiday celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Income Shares An Income Shares formula is used by many states to establish the child support amount of each child rather than what it actually costs to raise a child. Income Shares tables calculating child support are not based directly on actual spending on children but rather on indirect estimates of child costs.
Income Support Income Support is an income-related benefit in the United Kingdom for people who are on a low income. Claimants of Income Support are entitled to certain other benefits, for example, Housing Benefit, Council Tax Benefit and help with health costs.
Income tax in Australia Broadly, Australia levies tax on three sources of income for individual taxpayers: personal earnings (for example, salary and wages), business income, and capital gains. Income received by individuals is taxed at progressive rates.
Income tax in India The government of India imposes an income tax on taxable income of individuals, Hindu Undivided Families(HUFs), companies (firms), co-operative societies and trusts. The Income Tax department is governed by the Central Board for Direct Taxes (CBDT) and is part of the Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance.
Income tax in Peru Income tax in Peru is collected by the Superintendencia Nacional de AdministraciĂłn Tributaria, best known as SUNAT. This country uses a system of progressive taxation on personal income, and a flat rate tax on business income.
Income tax in the United States The federal government of the United States (as well as some state and municipal governments) imposes a progressive tax on the taxable income of individuals, corporations, trusts, decedents' estates, and certain bankruptcy estates. The first Federal income tax was imposed (under Article I, section 8, clause 1 of the U.
Income taxes in Canada Income taxes in Canada constitute the majority of the annual revenues of the Government of Canada, and of the governments of the Provinces of Canada. In the last fiscal year, the government collected roughly three times more personal income taxes than it did corporate income taxes.
Income Tax Act 1842 The Income Tax Act 1842 (citation 5 & 6 Vict c. 35) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed under the government of Robert Peel, which re-introduced an income tax in Britain, at the rate of 7 pence in the pound on all annual incomes greater than ÂŁ150.
Incompatibilitas Incompatibilitas (a Latin term, meaning "incompatibility") was a principle instituted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, from 1569, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) which forbade an individual to hold two or more official administrative positions. The principle of incompatibilitas evolved in the 15th-16th centuries in response to a demand from lesser nobility (szlachta), and was designed to curtail the sway of more powerful nobility (the magnates).
Incompatibility thesis Incompatibility thesis in research methodology is an argument that the quantitative research and qualitative research paradigms cannot coexist. This thesis is supported by philosophies of post-structuralists and post-modernists (among others), who argue for the exclusive superiority of their qualitative orientation and are strongly opposed to any mixing of those two paradigms (as is advocated by the proponets of mixed-method research, also known as pragmatist paradigm or compatibility thesis).
Incompatible Food Triad The Incompatible Food Triad is a puzzle that allegedly originated with the philosopher Wilfrid Sellars, and has been spread by some of his former colleagues and students, including Nuel Belnap and George Hart, who keeps a page on it at: http://www.georgehart.
Incompatible Timesharing System ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System (named in comparison with the Compatible Timesharing System also in use at MIT), was an early, revolutionary, and influential MIT time-sharing operating system which was written in assembly; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC.
Incompatible-properties argument The Incompatible-properties argument is the idea that no description of God is consistent with reality. For example, if one takes the definition of God to be described fully from the Bible, then the claims of what properties God has described therein might be argued to lead to a contradiction.
Incomplete (Backstreet Boys song) "Incomplete" is a power ballad & is the first single from the Backstreet Boys album Never Gone, released in June of 2005. The song is the group's first single in over four years, as the group did not record an album between 2001 and their 2005 comeback.
Incomplete (SisqĂł song) "Incomplete" is a 2000 number-one hit single recorded by SisqĂł for Def Soul Records. Written by Def Soul artist Montell Jordan and Anthony "Shep" Crawford, and produced by Crawford, the song was SisqĂł's biggest solo hit single, and his only number-one hit.
Incomplete markets The Theory of Incomplete Markets is an extension of the general equilibrium approach to intertemporal economies with uncertainty, where the set of available contracts which can be used to transfer wealth across time is limited relative to the possible probabilistic states that an economy might find itself in. Unlike in the standard Arrow-Debreu model where all trade takes place at beginning of time, in an economy with incomplete markets agents trade in sequential spot markets.
Incomplete pass An incomplete pass is a term in American football which means that a legal forward pass hits the ground before a player on either team gains possession. For example, if the quarterback throws the ball to one of his wide receivers, and the receiver either does not touch it, or tries to catch it unsuccessfully, it is ruled as an incomplete pass.
Incompleteness of quantum physics Incompleteness of quantum physics is the assertion that the state of a physical system, as formulated by quantum mechanics, does not give a complete description for the system. A complete description is one which uniquely determines the values of all its measurable properties.
InconfidĂŞncia Mineira The InconfidĂŞncia Mineira (Minas Conspiracy) of 1789, a Brazilian independence movement, was a result of the confluence of external and internal causes. The main external cause was the repercussions in this Portuguese colony of the independence in 1776 of the thirteen British colonies in North America, a development that particularly impressed the intellectual elite living in the captaincy of Minas Gerais.
Inconnu Independent Art Group Inconnu Independent Art Group is the name of a Hungarian group of maverick fine artists in the communist and postcommunist era. Original and founder members are Bokros Péter, Molnár Tamás, Philipp Tibor, Pálinkás Róbert.
Inconsistent comparison An inconsistent comparison is a misleading argument popular in advertising. For example, an advertisement might say "product X is less expensive than product A, has better quality than product B, and has more features than product C".
Inconstant Moon "Inconstant Moon" is a science fiction short story by Larry Niven that first appeared in Niven's 1971 short story collection All the Myriad Ways. Inconstant Moon won the 1972 Hugo Award for best short story.
Incontinence pad An incontinence pad is a small impermeable multi-layered sheet with high absorbancy that is used in the health-care industry. Incontinence pads are usually placed on a bed under a patient as a precaution against incontinence.
Incontrovertible evidence Incontrovertible evidence is a colloquial term for evidence introduced to prove a fact, which evidence is supposed to be so conclusive that there can be no other truth as to that matter; evidence so strong it overpowers contrary evidence, directing a fact-finder to a certain conclusion.
Incorporated Council of Law Reporting The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting publish The Law Reports, The Weekly Law Reports, The Industrial Cases Reports and upcoming series of The Business Law Reports which will launch in 2007, which are periodicals of UK case law. They also provide free case summaries within 24 hours of judgment.
Incorporated engineer Incorporated engineer is a professional qualification in engineering (not a degree) offered through professional associations that act as subsidiary instruments of the Engineering Council (UK). The Engineering Council (UK) is the regulatory authority for professional registration of engineers in the United Kingdom.
Incorporated territory An incorporated territory of the United States is a specific area under the jurisdiction of the United States, over which the United States Congress has determined that the United States Constitution is to be applied to the territory's local government and inhabitants in its entirety (e. g.
Incorporated town An incorporated town in the United States is a town which is an incorporated municipality, that is, one with a charter received from the state, similar to a city. An incorporated town will have elected officials, as differentiated from an unincorporated community, which exists only by tradition and does not have elected officials at the town level.
Incorporation by reference Incorporation by reference is a doctrine of the common law of wills by which a person may state in his will that certain property is to be disposed of by a separate document, describing the place where the document will be found. Three requirements must generally be met in order for such a document to be given effect:
Incorporation of nature within a city Over the centuries the roles of rivers as part of the city has altered many times from the original use for the irrigating crops in nearby fields, as well as being an essential resource in establishing a permanent settlement.
Incorporeal Incorporeal refers to the notion or idea that there is an incorporeal realm or place, that is unlike the corporeal or material world. The idea of the immaterial is often used in reference to God or the Divine.
Incorrectly formatted data Incorrectly formatted data is a means of describing data that is incompatible with or unsuitable for the mechanism for processing it. This may include data that is out of range or malformed, but not data that is valid but incorrect.
Incorrigibility In philosophy, incorrigibility is a property of a philosophical proposition, which implies that it is necessarily true simply by virtue of being believed. A common example of such a proposition is René Descartes' "cogito ergo sum.
Incoterm By the 1920s, commercial traders had developed a set of trade terms to describe their rights and liabilities with regards to the sale and transport of goods. These trade terms consisted of short abbreviations for lengthy contract provisions.
Incr Tcl incr Tcl (the name is a pun on "C++", and often abbreviated to "itcl") is a set of object-oriented extensions for the Tcl programming language. It is widely used among the Tcl community, and is regarded as industrial strength.
Increase Lapham Increase Allen Lapham (March 1811 - September 15, 1875) was an author, scientist, and naturalist. Born in Palmyra, New York, his family moved to Pennsylvania, back to New York, to Ohio then to Louisville, Kentucky (1827-1830) then back to Ohio while his father, Seneca Lapham, worked on the canals in various locations.
Increase Mather The Reverend Increase Mather (June 21 1639 — August 23 1723) was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay (now the Federal state of Massachusetts). He was a Puritan minister who was involved with the government of the colony, the administration of Harvard College, and most notoriously, the Salem witch trials.
Increasing Student Achievement Increasing Student Achievement: What State NAEP Test Scores Tell Us is a RAND study of educational reform in the United States. The League of Education Voters cites the study in support of its Initiative 728, which advocates reducing class size and increasing per-pupil expenditures.
Incredible Bongo Band The Incredible Bongo Band, also known as Michael Viner's Incredible Bongo Band, was a project started by Michael Viner, a record artist manager and executive at MGM Records. The band's output consisted of instrumental music in the funk genre, characterised by the prominence of bongo drums and also conga drums.
Incredible Crisis Incredible Crisis (Tondemo Crisis in Japan) is a PlayStation game featuring music from the Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra. It consists of several mini-games strung together and book ended with pre-rendered scenes.
Incredible Expanding Mindfuck Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, also known as IEM, is a musical side project of Porcupine Tree's leader, Steven Wilson, influenced by 70's Krautrock. It is more experimental than Wilson's more well-known band, Porcupine Tree, and is almost entirely instrumental.
Incredible hulk (drink) An Incredible Hulk or Green Eyed Monster is a green-colored cocktail made by equal parts (2 fl oz each)Hypnotiq.com official recipe → Drink Recipes → Exotiq Cocktails → Incredible Hulk (No direct link is available due to the Adobe Flash interface.
Incredible Hulk (video game) The Incredible Hulk is a side scrolling action game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, Sega Master System and Game Gear. The object is to control the Incredible Hulk while searching for The Leader who the player must fight and destroy.
Incredible Science Fiction Incredible Science Fiction, published by EC Comics in 1955 and 1956, was a retitled version of the comic Weird Science-Fantasy, which changed its title in 1955 in order to be accepted under the Comics Code, which did not allow the use of the word "Weird." The comic changed its title with issue 30, but due to attempts to save money on postage, the numbering did not restart (and hence, issue 30 is actually the first issue of this title).
Incredible Story Studios Incredible Story Studios (formerly Incredible Story Studio) was a TV Series aired worldwide, especially in Canada and the UK that received stories written by children and made a TV episode segment of the series based entirely on the written story, but only when they graded it "INCREDIBLE" (according to the show's opening sequence). The show is currently off air and having DVDs published & distributed by Digiview Productions.
Incremental backup An incremental backup is a backup method where multiple backups are kept (not just the last one). These backups will be incremental if each original piece of backed up information is stored only once, and then successive backups only contain the information that changed since the previous one.
Incremental compiler Generally a compiler for a programming language is a piece of software that reads in one or more program files in a source language and outputs one or more files containing machine code or some other low level language. Those files then go through additional processes to produce a running program.
Incremental encoding Incremental encoding, also known as front compression or back compression, is a type of delta encoding compression algorithm whereby common prefixes or suffixes and their lengths are recorded so that they need not be duplicated. This algorithm is particularly well-suited for compressing sorted data, e.
Incremental find In computing, incremental find, or inline find/progressive find, is a feature that can be found in various applications that involves the searching of text string. Usually, in contrast to traditional find, no modal window is used.
Incrementalism This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. If you are familiar with the subject matter, please check for inaccuracies and modify as needed, citing sources.
Incretin Incretins are a type of gastrointestinal hormone that cause an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, even before blood glucose levels become elevated. They also slow the rate of absorption of nutrients into the blood stream by reducing gastric emptying and may directly reduce food intake.
Incruit Incruit Corporation (Hangul:인í¬ëŁ¨íŠ¸, ), is a Korea-based corporation, established in 1998, that manages the Incruit web service. Incruit Corporation is headquartered at the Seoul in Korea, and employs over 200 people.
Incubation period Incubation period, also called the latent period or latency period, is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, or chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. The period may be as short as minutes, to as long as thirty years in the case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Incubator (microbiology) In microbiology, an incubator is a device for controlling the temperature, humidity, and other conditions in which a microbiological culture is being grown. The simplest incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, typically going up to 60 to 65 °C (140 to 150 °F), though some can go slightly higher (generally to no more than 100 °C).
Incubous The term incubous is used to describe the way in which the leaves of a leafy liverwort are attached to the stem. If you were to look down from above (dorsal side) on a liverwort where the leaf attachment is incubous, the upper edge of each leaf would overlap the next higher leaf along the stem.
Incubus (1965 film) Incubus (Esperanto: Inkubo) is a black and white horror film originally released in 1965 and later restored in 2001. Incubus was directed by Leslie Stevens, creator of The Outer Limits, and stars a pre-Star Trek William Shatner.
Incubus (band) Incubus is a five-piece alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. The band has enjoyed great success over their fifteen-year long career, with singles like "Drive" and "Wish You Were Here" making them household names in today's musical climate.
Incubus (demon) In Western medieval legend, an incubus (plural incubi) is a demon in male form supposed to lie upon sleepers, especially women, in order to have sexual intercourse with them. They are also believed to do this in order to spawn other incubi.
Inculturation Inculturation is a term used in Christian missiology referring to the adaptation of the way the Gospel is presented for the specific cultures being evangelized. The term was popularized by the encyclical Redemptoris Missio of Pope John Paul II (1990), but predates that encyclical.
Incumbent (ecclesiastical) The incumbent of a benefice, usually the parish priest, in Anglican canon law holds the temporalities or assets and income. The incumbent has legal possession of the church and glebe for the term of his office, but shares with the churchwardens the responsibility for them.
Incumbent local exchange carrier ILEC, short for incumbent local exchange carrier, is a local telephone company in the United States that was in existence at the time of the break up of AT&T into the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) also known as the "Baby Bells" and GTE. ILECs compete with upstart Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC).
Incus Records Incus Records is an artist owned record label, founded by Derek Bailey, Tony Oxley and Evan Parker, specialising in the dissemination of free-improvised music. The first release on the label was The Topography of the Lungs, recorded by Bailey, Parker and Han Bennink in 1970.
Indaba An indaba is an important conference held by the "indunas" or principal men of the Zulu and Xhosa peoples of South Africa. Such indabas may include only the indunas of a particular community or may be held with representatives of other communities.
Indal Court District Indal Court District, or Indals tingslag, was a district of Medelpad in Sweden. The provinces in Norrland were never divided into hundreds and instead the court district (tingslag) served as the basic division of rural areas.
Indalecio Prieto Indalecio Prieto Tuero (April 30, 1883 - February 11, 1962) was a Spanish politician, one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.
Indalo The indalo is a prehistoric magical symbol found in the cave of "Los Letreros" ("The Signboards) in VĂ©lez Blanco, Spain. It has been customary to paint the Indalo symbol on the front of houses and businesses to protect them from evil (similar to the Southwestern Kokopelli) and is considered to be a god totem.
Indanthrone blue Indanthrone blue is an organic substance made from 2-aminoanthraquinone treated with potassium hydroxide in the presence of a potassium salt. It is a pigment that can be used in the following mediums: acrylic, alkalyd, casein, encaustic, fresco, gouache, linseed oil, tempera, pastel, and watercolor painting.
Indarjit Singh Indarjit Singh (sometimes Inderjit Singh), OBE, (1932, Rawalpindi, india - ) is a British journalist and broadcaster, editor of the Sikh Messenger and widely known as a frequent presenter of the Thought for the Day segment on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme, and BBC Radio 2's Pause for Thought. He is also a contributor to British and overseas newspapers and journals including The Times, The Guardian and The Independent.
Indautxu Indautxu is a "barrio" (area) of central Bilbao located between the barrios of San Mamés and Abando. It is centred on Plaza Indautxu, a large, newly reformed square under which there is a small shopping centre and a station for Metro Bilbao.
Inday Badiday Inday Badiday (August 6 1944 - September 26 2003) was referred to by many in the entertainment industry as Ate Luds, was known as Philippine television's "queen of showbiz talk shows" and "queen of intrigues".
Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva is a subsidiary of Embraer which produces airplanes and aircraft components. Its main product is the Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, the most employed agricultural aircraft in Brazil and the first alcohol-powered airplane.
Inde The Inde is a small river in Belgium and Germany, left tributary of the Rur. It has its source near Raeren in Eastern Belgium, runs through Aachen-KornelimĂĽnster, Eschweiler and Inden, and flows into the river Rur near JĂĽlich.
Indecent exposure Indecent exposure is the display of bare parts of the human body that, according to the standards of the local cultural norms, would otherwise be clothed. In most public places other than designated areas where nudity is acceptable such as in nude beaches, unwelcome exposure of an adult's genitalia is the most common example of indecent exposure.
Indecision Indecision is a hardcore punk band started in 1993. The band members -- guitarists Justin Brannan and Rachael Rosen, drummer Pat Flynn, bassist Steve Bago and vocalist Tom Sheehan (who was replaced by Artie Phillie in 1998) -- met while attending a Catholic high school in the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn.
Indecomposable module In abstract algebra, a module is defined to be indecomposable if it is non-zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non-zero submodules. In many situations, all modules of interest can be written as direct sums of indecomposable ones; the indecomposable modules can then be thought of as the "basic building blocks", the only objects that need to be studied.
Indefinite leave to remain Indefinite leave to remain (ILR), is an immigration status granted to a person who does not hold right of abode in the United Kingdom, but who has been admitted to the UK without any time limit on his stay and who is free to take up employment or study, without restriction. When indefinite leave is granted to persons outside the United Kingdom it is known as indefinite leave to enter (ILE).
Indefinite lifespan Indefinite lifespan is a term used in the life extension movement to refer to the longevity of humans (and other lifeforms) under conditions in which ageing can be effectively and completely prevented and treated. Such individuals would still, of course, be susceptible to death, just not to death from aging.
Indefinite logarithm The indefinite logarithm of a positive number n (variously denoted [log n], mathrm{Log}(n) or even sometimes just log n) is just the logarithm with respect to any base, when we don't worry about the base. This is as opposed to the ordinary, or definite logarithm, where there is always (implicitly or explicitly) a particular base to which the logarithm is being taken.
Indefinite Monism Indefinite Monism is a philosophical conception of reality that asserts that only Awareness is real and that the wholeness of Reality can be conceptually thought of in terms of immanent and transcendent aspects. The immanent aspect is denominated simply as Awareness, while the transcendent aspect is referred to as Omnific Awareness.
Indel The word indel is a portmanteau of insertion and deletion, referring to the two types of genetic mutation that are often considered together because of their similar effect. Unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, they produce a frameshift mutation.
Indemnity Indemnity is the right to receive compensation from another for a loss paid. Indemnity does not alter the assignment of liability, but permits the indemnified to effectively escape the burden of paying for the liability incurred.
Indemnity and Oblivion Act The Indemnity and Oblivion Act passage through the Convention Parliament was secured by Lord Clarendon, the first minister of King Charles II and it became law on 29 August 1660 during the first year of the English Restoration.
Indemnity Act The Indemnity Act was first promulgated as an ordinance by Bangladesh president Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad. It was made a formal statute by Major General Ziaur Rahman and later approved by the Jatiyo Sangshad as official legislation.
Indent style In computer programming, an indent style is a convention governing the indentation of blocks of code to convey the program's structure. This article largely addresses the C programming language and its descendants, but can be (and frequently is) applied to most other programming languages (especially those in the curly bracket family).
Indentation hardness As the direction of materials science continues towards studying the basis of properties on smaller and smaller length scales, different techniques are used to quantify material characteristics and tendencies. Measuring mechanical properties for materials on smaller length scales, like thin films, can not be done using conventional uniaxial tensile testing.
Indented Head, Victoria Indented Head is a small coastal township located on the Bellarine Peninsula, east of Geelong, in the Australian state of Victoria. The town lies on the coast of the Port Phillip Bay between the towns of Portarlington and St Leonards.
Indenture The term Indenture comes from the medieval English "indenture of retainer" — a legal contract written in duplicate on the same sheet, with the copies separated by cutting along a jagged (toothed, hence the term "indenture") line so that the teeth of the two parts could later be refitted to confirm authenticity.
Indentured servant An Indentured Servant is a bonded labourer — a labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, usually seven to eight years, to pay off a passage to a new country or home. Typically the employer provided little if any monetary pay, but was responsible for accommodation, food, other essentials, and training.
IndependĂŞncia total IndependĂŞncia total is the national anthem of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe. The anthem, adopted in 1975, was written by Alda Neves da Graça do EspĂrito Santo and composed by Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida.
Independence (mathematical logic) In mathematical logic, a sentence Ď is called independent of a given first-order theory T if T neither proves nor refutes Ď; that is, it is impossible to prove Ď from T, and it is also impossible to prove from T that Ď is false.
Independence Bowl The PetroSun Independence Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that is played annually at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana, so named because it was inaugurated in the United States bicentennial year, 1976.
Independence Brazil Cup The Independence Brazil Cup was a tournament held in Brazil, from 11 June to 9 July 1972, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Brazil's independence from Portugal. It was called by the Brazilians, the "Minicopa" and his final was, precisely, between Brazil and Portugal, in the MaracanĂŁ Stadium, at 9 July 1972.
Independence constitution Independence constitution is the name commonly given by African political scientists to originating constitutions (many of which are extant) of former British colonies, primarily in Africa, which gained their independence approximately 1960-1990.
Independence Commemorative Decoration The Independence Commemorative Decoration was a Rhodesian civil decoration awarded to persons who had rendered valuable service to Rhodesia. The award was instituted in 1970 by Presidential Warrant, the first awards being made the same year.
Independence Day An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state. Most countries honour their respective independence day as a national holiday.
Independence Day (film) Independence Day (also known as its promotional abbreviation ID4) is an American science fiction movie about an attempted alien takeover of Earth. The movie features several scenes of major landmarks being destroyed by the aliens, such as the White House, the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty and the US Bank Tower in Los Angeles.
Independence Day (novel) Independence Day, a 1995 novel by Richard Ford, won the Pulitzer Prize and PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction in 1996, the first novel ever to win both awards in a single year. A sequel to Ford's well-regarded novel, The Sportswriter (1986), Independence Day nonetheless stands alone and is often considered a more mature and important work.
Independence Day (Philippines) Philippine Independence Day (Filipino: Araw ng Kalayaan) is a working holiday in the Philippines commemorating the country's declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. It is held every year on June 12.
Independence Day (United States) In the United States, Independence Day (commonly known as "the Fourth of July" or "July Fourth") is a federal holiday celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.
Encyklopedie (cz) Encyklopédia (sk) Enzyklopädie (de)