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Independent Nasserite Movement The Independent Nasserite Movement (INM) was the oldest of several organizations in Lebanon that embraced the ideas of the late Egyptian president, Gamal Abdul Nasser. Despite its claims of nonsectarianism, the membership of the INM has been overwhelmingly Muslim; 1987 reports estimated it to be about 45-percent Sunni, 45- percent Shia, and 10- percent Druze.
Independent National Party (Luxembourg) The Independent National Party (Luxembourgish: Onofhängeg Nationalpartei, French: Parti national indépendant, German: Unabhängige Nationalpartei), abbreviated as PNI, was a populist political party in Luxembourg in the interwar period.
Independent Native Voice Independent Native Voice, also known as Native Voice, was a short-lived political party in Manitoba, Canada. It was created in 1995 to address aboriginal issues, and ran three candidates in the 1995 provincial election.
Independent Network News Independent Network News (INN) is the agency that supplies national and international news to the 27 independent local radio stations of Ireland. INN supplies a copy and audio service from its central Dublin studios via satellite, in addition to hourly news and sport bulletins that are broadcast weeknights and weekends.
Independent News Network The Independent News Network (abbreviated INN) can refer to two syndicated nightly newscasts in the United States: one that was produced in New York City by WPIX-TV into the 1980s, and the current INN that is based out of Davenport, Iowa.
Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee The Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee (INDEC) was a splinter group of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1962 by CND members including Pat Arrowsmith.
Independent on Saturday, South Africa Independent on Saturday is a South African newspaper, part of the Independent Group. It was launched in 1998 to replace the Saturday Paper, which was formed in the mid-90s after the demise of the Saturday editions of the Daily News and the Mercury.
Independent Office Products and Furniture Dealers Association The Independent Office Products and Furniture Dealers Association (IOPFDA), formerly Business Products International Association and the National Office Products Association, is a trade association for resellers of office furniture and office products. It is based in Arlington, Virginia.
Independent Olympic Participant Independent Olympic Participant is a term used in the Olympic Games to denote a team or individual who is competing without national representation, either because their country of origin is not recognized or is banned. The IOC country code IOP is used to identify these athletes.
Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics During the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Yugoslavia was under United Nations sanctions which prevented the country from taking part in the Olympics. However, individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as Independent Olympic Participants.
Independent Operational Group Polesie Independent Operational Group Polesie (Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Polesie, SGO Polesie) was one of the Polish Army Corps that defended Poland during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. It was created on September 11 1939 and was commanded by general Franciszek Kleeberg.
Independent Order of Rechabites The Independent Order of Rechabites was a friendly society founded in England in 1835 as part of the temperance movement to promote total abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Always well connected in upper society and involved in financial matters, it gradually transformed into a financial institution which still exists, and still promotes abstinence.
Independent pharmacy An independent pharmacy is a retail pharmacy, and is not directly affiliated with any chain pharmacy, such as CVS/pharmacy, Walgreens or Eckerd. However, owners of independent pharmacy's will often form alliances with other independents, and will use their power in numbers to bargain for price discounts from drug wholesalers, group advertise to cut down cost's, etc.
Independent practice association An HMO, or Health maintenance organization, may contract with an independent practice association (or IPA) which in turn contracts with independent physicians to treat members at discounted fees or on a capitation basis. The typical IPA encompasses all specialties, but an IPA can be solely for primary care or may be single specialty.
Independent Parliamentary Group The Independent Parliamentary Group was a right-wing political organisation in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1920 by Horatio Bottomley, elected in the 1918 UK general election as an independent Member of Parliament.
Independent Party The Independent Party (Partido Independiente in Spanish) is a social democratic and christian socialist political party in Uruguay. Its goal is to built a third way away from the heterodox left-wing coalition Frente Amplio and the traditional parties Colorado Party and National Party.
Independent Party of the Community of the Cap-Vert Peninsula Independent Party of the Community of the Cap-Vert Peninsula (in French: Parti Indépendent de la Communuaté de la Presqu'Île du Cap-Vert) was a political party in Cap Vert Peninsula, Senegal. It existed around 1960.
Independent People Independent People (Icelandic: Sjálfstætt fólk) is an epic novel by Halldór Laxness, published 1934-35. Its subject is the struggle of poor Icelandic farmers in late 1800s/early 1900s, only freed from debt bondage in the last generation, and surviving on an isolated croft in inhospitable countryside.
Independent Police Complaints Commission The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom responsible for overseeing the system for handling complaints made against police forces in England and Wales. It can also elect to manage or supervise the police investigation into a particular complaint and can independently investigate the most serious cases itself.
Independent Political Labour League The Independent Political Labour League (IPLL) was a small New Zealand political party. It was the second organised political party to win a seat in the New Zealand Parliament, and was a forerunner of the modern Labour Party.
Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales The Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales (IPART) is an agency of the state government with responsibility for the regulation of prices in sectors such as public transport and utilities. The minister responsible for IPART is the premier, Morris Iemma.
Independent Publisher Book Award The Independent Publisher Book Awards (IPPY), launched in 1996, are designed to bring increased recognition to titles published by independent authors and publishers. Previous winners of the IPPY Award include Jeffrey Lewis for Meritocracy: A Love Story, Matthew Sharpe for The Sleeping Father, and Leif Enger for Peace Like a River.
Independent Publishers Group Independent Publishers Group, or IPG, is a book distributor, founded in 1971 to exclusively market titles from independent client publishers to the book trade. IPG combines its client publishers’ books into a single list, offering small and mid-size publishers the advantages of a marketing and sales force comparable to that of a major publishing house.
Independent radio Independent radio indicates a radio station that is run in a manner different from usual for the country it broadcasts in. In countries where there exist government-run stations that served as the primary or only the variety of licensed broadcaster, the term independent radio generally means commercial radio stations which are not operated by the government, and thus independent of the government.
Independent reading The term used to apply to educational settings, where students are involved in choosing and reading material (fiction books, non-fiction, magazine, other media) for their independent consumption and enjoyment. Usually Independent Reading is conducted alongside the ongoing curriculum in the classroom.
Independent regulatory agency An independent regulatory agency is a public authority with independence from other bodies in any other branches of the state, autonomy and regulatory competence that operate in sensitive spheres of public life such as the protection of competition, supervision of capital markets and regulation of liberalized services of general economic interest.
Independent regulatory commission An independent regulatory commission is an independent regulatory agency in the United States Government. These agencies are established to be outside the power of both the executive branch and the legislative one.
Independent Radio Drama Productions Independent Radio Drama Productions (IRDP) started in 1987 and soon became one of the world's leading independent producers of radio drama. IRDP was a non profit making company and was run by directors Tim Crook, Richard Shannon and Marja Giejgo.
Independent Record The Independent Record (often abbreviated to IR) is a daily paid-for newspaper printed and distributed in Helena, Montana. Its has a daily and Sunday circulation of approximately 14,000, according to a September 30, 2005 Audit Bureau of Circulations Publisher Statement.
Independent Renewal candidates, 2003 Ontario provincial election The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist ran ten candidates in the 2003 Ontario provincial election. They did not use the CPC-ML name, but instead campaigned as "Independent Renewal" candidates.
Independent Review of the Fire Service The Independent Review of the Fire Service, sometimes referred to as the Bain Report or IRFS was a wide-ranging report carried out by Professor Sir George Bain, in 2002, at the request of the government, into the how Fire and Rescue Services were operated and managed; and about the working conditions of firefighters. When the report was completed, its full title was The Future of the Fire Service: reducing risk, saving lives - The Independent Review of the Fire Service
Independent Rhinoceros candidates, 1997 Canadian federal election The Rhinoceros Party of Canada ceased to exist after the 1988 federal election, although several independent candidates since them have adopted the "Rhinoceros" label. A number of independent Rhinoceros candidates campaigned in the 1997 election.
Independent sales organization A Independent Sales Organization, also called a Member Service Provider is an outside company (not a MasterCard or Visa member) that is contracted by members to administer merchant and/or cardholder servicing.Merchant Services Glossary
Independent set In graph theory, an independent, or stable set in a graph G, which contains vertices V, is a set of vertices V' (a subset of V) such that for every two vertices in V', there is no edge connecting the two. In other words, each edge in the graph is incident to at most one vertex in the set.
Independent scholar An independent scholar is anyone who works outside traditional academia in the pursuit of truth and knowledge. The status of independent scholar is often an amateur rather than a professional although this is not always a matter of choice.
Independent school An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and in some cases the investment yield of an endowment.
Independent school (UK) An independent school or private school in the United Kingdom is a school that relies for all of its funding on non-governmental sources. There are more than 2,500 independent schools in the UK, educating about 615,000 children.
Independent sideband Independent sideband (ISB) is an AM single sideband mode which is used with some AM radio transmissions. Normally each sideband carries identical information, but ISB modulates two different input signals — one on the upper sideband, the other on the lower sideband.
Independent software vendor An Independent Software Vendor (ISV) is a business term for companies specializing in making or selling software, usually for niche markets. This includes software such as real estate brokers, time scheduling for healthcare personnel, barcode scanning and stock maintenance.
Independent sources Independent sources in journalism, criminal justice and general research, represent two or more people or organizations which attest to a given piece of information. For example, two people who witness a traffic accident first hand would be considered independent sources.
Independent Senate Fraction The Independent Senate Group (Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie, OSF) is a parliamentary party in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties. The Dutch Senate is elected by the legislatures of the provinces.
Independent School Entrance Examination The Independent School Entrance Examination, or ISEE, is an admissions test administered by the Educational Records Bureau for placement in independent schools for grades 5-12. There are three levels: the Lower level, for entrance in grades 5-6; Middle level, for entrance in grades 7-8; Upper level, for entrance in grades 9-12.
Independent School League (Boston Area) The Independent School League is the oldest Independent School athletic association in the United States, founded in 1948. The ISL is composed of sixteen prestigious New England preparatory schools that compete with each other athletically.
Independent Schools Inspectorate The Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) is an organisation responsible for the inspection of independent schools in England which are affiliated to the Independent Schools Council (ISC). The Inspectorate is funded by, but is operationally independent of, the Independent Schools Council and has it works monitored by the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted).
Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Független Kisgazda, Földmunkás és Polgári Párt) is a political party in Hungary. At Hungary's most recent legislative elections (2006), the party won no seats.
Independent Socialist Party (Ireland) The Independent Socialist Party was a far left political party in Ireland. It was founded in 1976 as a split from the Irish Republican Socialist Party named the Irish Committee for a Socialist Programme, calling for more prominent socialist politics and less emphasis on paramilitary activity.
Independent Socialist Party (UK) The Independent Socialist Party (ISP) was a former political party in the UK. It was formed in 1934 as a breakway from the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in protest at the increasing power of the Revolutionary Policy Committee within the ILP.
Independent Softball Association One of the 4 Major governing bodies of softball in North America, the Independent Softball Association was founded by a man named Larry Nash in 1984 in Shelbyville, TN. First introduced to the sport of softball in 1967, Nash was hooked from his first game.
Independent Spirit Awards Founded in 1984, the Independent Spirit Awards were originally known as the FINDIE ("Friends of Independents") Awards and presented winners with Plexiglas pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films. In 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards in honor of the talented and tenacious souls who drive creativity in the film industry.
Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna DrĹľava Hrvatska, NDH) was an Axis ally state in Croatia and its environs during World War II. It was established in April 1941, after the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was split up by Nazi Germany and fascist Italy.
Independent State of Montenegro Montenegro existed as a separate occuppied territory during World War II under the Kingdom of Italy (1941 - 1943) and later under Nazi Germany (1943 - 1944. After the invasion of Yugoslavia, Sekule Drljević, leader of the Montenegrin Federalists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, established the Provisional Administrative Committee of Montenegro.
Independent Student Media Independent Student Media is an online educational platform that offers educators the tools to energize students' desire for learning, tapping into their excitement for Hollywood movies. It was founded in 1999 by Darrin Fletcher and Chet Thomas to create a new teaching curriculum through the medium of film and the internet.
Independent Students Union Independent Students Union (, NZS) is a Polish student society, created on 22 September 1980 in the aftermath of the Gdańsk Agreement and the anti-government strike actions. It supported the Solidarity and together with it and other similar organizations it was delegalized after the martial law in Poland, 1981.
Independent Subway System The Independent Subway System (IND or ISS), formerly known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad, was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway. It was first constructed as the "Eighth Avenue Line" in Manhattan in 1932.
Independent System Operator An Independent System Operator (ISO) is an organization formed at the direction or recommendation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). In the areas where an ISO is established, it coordinates, controls and monitors the operation of the electrical power system, usually within a single US State.
Independent Task Force on North America The Independent Task Force on North America was a project organized by the United States Council on Foreign Relations, the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. It was chaired by former Canadian politician John Manley and advocates a North American Union, entailing a greater integration between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Independent Television Authority The Independent Television Authority (ITA) was a body created by the Television Act 1954 to supervise the creation of "Independent Television" (ITV), the first commercial television network in the United Kingdom. The ITA was responsible for determining the location, constructing, building, and operating the transmission stations used by the ITV network, as well as determining the franchise areas and awarding the franchises for each regional commercial broadcaster.
Independent Television Service Independent Television Service (ITVS) is a service in the United States which funds and presents award-winning documentaries and dramas on public television, innovative new media projects on the Internet, and the weekly series Independent Lens on PBS. Funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), one of ITVS's mission is to present plurality and diversity in public television.
Independent Transport Workers Association of Nepal The Independent Transport Workers Association of Nepal (ITWAN) was a Nepalese trade union formed in 1979. The union existed as a separate entity until 1989 when it helped form the General Federation of Nepalese Trade Unions.
Independent Treasury System The Independent Treasury System was a system for the retaining of government funds in the United States Treasury and its subtreasuries, independently of the national banking and financial systems. In one form or another, it existed from the 1840s to 1921.
Independent University of Australia Perhaps the first ever degree mill operating in Australia, the Independent University of Australia, was allegedly located in Morwell, Victoria. Little evidence exists as to its operations, with only a single listing in a publication with no bibliographic details sourced from the British Library Lending Services (Bogus Degrees and Fake Diplomas nd).
Independent University of Moscow The Independent University of Moscow (IUM) (, Nezavisimy Moskovski Universitet) is a small educational organisation with rather informal status located in Moscow, Russia. Organized in 1991 by a group of prominent russian mathematicians with Arnold (chairman) and Novikov among them.
Independent variable In an experimental design, the independent variable (argument of the function) is the variable that is manipulated or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured).
Independent video game industry The independent video game industry is a grass roots portion of the video game industry that consists mainly of small game companies of one to fifteen people. Such game developers often develop their games as freeware or shareware, relying on giftware
Independent Verification and Validation Facility NASA's Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V) was established in 1993 and is located in Fairmont, West Virginia. The IV&V Facility was founded under the NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance in the aftermath of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
Independent Voters Association The Independent Voters Association, or IVA, was a North Dakota political organization formed on May 1 1918, at the height of the Non Partisan League's influence on the North Dakota Republican Party. The IVA was a conservative, capitalist faction created to counter the NPL's socialist leanings.
Independent Women Part I "Independent Women (Part I)" is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles, Sam Barnes, Jen-Claude Olivier, and Cory Rooney for Destiny Child's third studio album, Survivor (2001), only considered as a bonus track. It was produced by Knowles, Rooney, and Poke & Tone and first appeared on the soundtrack to 'the film Charlie's Angels.
Independent Women's Forum The Independent Women's Forum (IWF) is an organization that, according to its website, "was established to combat the women-as-victim, pro-big-government ideology of radical feminism." The IWF is funded by Richard Mellon Scaife, Koch Industries, and other conservative groups.
Independent Workers' Party of Germany The Independent Workers' Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, UAPD) was a short-lived communist party in West Germany. The UAPD was formed in 1950 as a split from the Communist Party of Germany by supporters of Josip Broz Tito after he broke with the Soviet Union.
Independent Working Class Association The Independent Working Class Association (IWCA) is a small working class political party in Britain with the avowed aim of promoting the political and economic interests of the working class, regardless of the consequences to existing political and economic structures.
Independent World Television Independent World Television is a project to create an international English-language television network which is funded by its viewers, instead of by advertising. The network will focus on news, debate, and current affairs, with an emphasis on citizen journalism.
Independent-Socialist The Independent-Socialist line appeared on the ballot in the 1956 New York state election. Led by the candidacy of John McManus, one of the founders of the leftist National Guardian newspaper, for Governor of New York, the line hoped to retain the support of the former American Labor Party among left-wing voters; however, it received only about 35,000 votes statewide and was thus not allowed a line in future elections.
Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem is the title of the national anthem of Turkmenistan. With the death of the song's author, dictator Saparmurat Niyazov on December 21, 2006, the anthem may change, as it is associated specifically with his regime, as well as bearing an unwieldy name.
Independentists of the Catalan Countries Independentists of the Catalan Countries (in Catalan: Independentistes dels PaĂŻsos Catalans) was a separatist political party in the Catalan Countries. IPC was formed on March 3 1979 through the merger of the Socialist Party of National Liberation - provisional (PSAN-p) from the Catalan regions in Spain and the Socialist Organisation of National Liberation (OSAN) from the Catalan region of France.
Independents (artist group) The Independents were a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania area during the early 1930s. They evolved out of The New Group (founded in 1930), a collection of artists dissatisfied with the hold that "conservative" Pennsylvania Impressionists had on local exhibitions.
Independents Group The Independents Group were a short-lived Australian political party operating in the Australian Capital Territory. They briefly served as part of the Alliance government, alongside the Liberal Party of Australia and Residents Rally.
Independents in Espoo Independents in Espoo (in Finnish: Espoon Sitoutumattomat, in Swedish: De Obundna i Esbo) is a local political party in the municipality of Espoo, Finland. In the 2004 municipal elections the party got 4360 votes (4,3%).
Inderjit Singh Rao Inderjit Singh Rao (born 11 February, 1950) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Mahendergarh constituency of Haryana and is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party.
Indesit Indesit (pronounced "In-der-set") is a company that is one of the three largest producers of household appliances in Europe. Formerly called Merloni Elettrodomestici, the company sponsors the men's ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) Entry Ranking and Champions Race.
Indeterminacy (Philosophy) Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of definition or meaning. It is related to deconstructionism and to Nietzsche's criticism of the Kantian noumenon.
Indeterminacy debate in legal theory The indeterminacy debate in legal theory can be summed up as follows: Can the law constrain the results reached by adjudicators in legal disputes? Some members of the critical legal studies movement — primarily legal academics in the United States — argued that the answer to this question is "no.
Indeterminacy of translation The indeterminacy of translation is a thesis propounded by 20th century analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine. The classic statement of this thesis can be found in his 1960 book Word and Object, which gathered together and refined much of Quine's previous work on subjects other than formal logic and set theory.
Indeterminate (variable) In mathematics, more precisely in algebra, an indeterminate is a quantity that is not known, and cannot be solved for. An indeterminate is different from a variable, which is solvable, at least conditionally, from a given equation or set of equations.
Indeterminate equation An indeterminate equation is an equation for which there is an infinite set of solutions – for example, 2x = y. A diophantine equation is an indeterminate equation in which both the solution and the terms must be whole numbers.
Indeterminism Indeterminism is the philosophical belief contradictory to determinism: that there are events which do not correspond with determinism (and therefore have no cause). There are generally three types of indeterminism.
Index (publishing) An index is a detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information in a publication, whether a book, periodical, database or multimedia collection. It is designed to help the reader find information quickly and easily.
Index (search engine) Search engine indexing entails how data is collected, parsed, and stored to facilitate fast and accurate retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from Linguistics, Cognitive psychology, Mathematics, Informatics, Physics, and Computer science.
Index case (medicine) The index case or patient zero is the initial patient in the population sample of an epidemiological investigation. Patient zero is a somewhat less specific term than index case and is sometimes used to refer to the central patient in an epidemiological investigation rather than the first patient.
Index Catalogue The Index Catalogue (IC) —also known as the Index Catalogue of Nebulae, the Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, IC I, or IC II— is a catalogue of galaxies, nebulae and star clusters that serves as a supplement to the New General Catalogue. It was first published in 1895, and has been expanded to list more than 5,000 objects, known as the IC objects.
Index fossil Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or zone fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). They work on the premise that, although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were laid down, they may include the remains of the same species of fossil.
Index checking In computer programming, much use is made of simple variables given names such as X, I, Enough, etc. A compiler, in generating the machine code will have some scheme for assigning computer storage locations to hold the values of such variables and then, whenever there is mention of a name, the compiler will generate code that refers to that address and no human need remember the various addresses of which there may be hundreds to confuse.
Index Kewensis The Index Kewensis (IK) is maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: its aim was to register all formal botanical names for seed plants, at the rank of species and genus. Later, it also started to include names of families and of taxa below the rank of species.
Index locking Index locking is a procedure in which running one task on a database table blocks all access by other tasks to the entire table. With index locking it may be necessary to lock the index build for a column, not just the data items themselves.
Index Librorum Prohibitorum The Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books") is a list of publications which the Catholic Church censored for being a danger to itself and the faith of its members. The various editions also contain the rules of the Church relating to the reading, selling and censorship of books.
Index medicus Index Medicus (IM) was a comprehensive index of medical journal articles, published between 1879 and 2004. It was initiated by Dr John Shaw Billings, head of the Library of the Office of the Surgeon General, United States ArmyThis library later evolved into the National Library of Medicine of the United States of America..
Index mineral An index mineral is used in geology to determine the degree of metamorphism a rock has experienced. Depending on the original composition of and the pressure and temperature experienced by the protolith, chemical reactions between minerals in the solid state produce new minerals.
Index of coincidence In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that a letter appears in the same position in both texts.
Index of Consumer Confidence The Index of Consumer Confidence (CCI) measures how people feel about the United States economy. It is issued monthly by The Conference Board, an independent economic research organization, and is based on 5,000 households.
Index of dissimilarity The index of dissimilarity is a demographic measure of the evenness with which two groups are distributed across the component geographic areas that make up a larger area. The index score can also be interpreted as the percentage of one of the two groups included in the calculation that would have to move to different geographic areas in order to produce a completely even distribution.
Index of Dependency The annual Index of Dependency, published by the Heritage Foundation's Center for Data Analysis, attempts to measure government expansion in America and the degree of reliance on social support programs. Though established in 2002, the index has been cited in other studies and reports analyzing government intervention, and its data has been used by policy analysts in forecasting trends and assessing how they might affect the politics of the federal budget.
Independent National Party (Luxembourg) The Independent National Party (Luxembourgish: Onofhängeg Nationalpartei, French: Parti national indépendant, German: Unabhängige Nationalpartei), abbreviated as PNI, was a populist political party in Luxembourg in the interwar period.
Independent Native Voice Independent Native Voice, also known as Native Voice, was a short-lived political party in Manitoba, Canada. It was created in 1995 to address aboriginal issues, and ran three candidates in the 1995 provincial election.
Independent Network News Independent Network News (INN) is the agency that supplies national and international news to the 27 independent local radio stations of Ireland. INN supplies a copy and audio service from its central Dublin studios via satellite, in addition to hourly news and sport bulletins that are broadcast weeknights and weekends.
Independent News Network The Independent News Network (abbreviated INN) can refer to two syndicated nightly newscasts in the United States: one that was produced in New York City by WPIX-TV into the 1980s, and the current INN that is based out of Davenport, Iowa.
Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee The Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee (INDEC) was a splinter group of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1962 by CND members including Pat Arrowsmith.
Independent on Saturday, South Africa Independent on Saturday is a South African newspaper, part of the Independent Group. It was launched in 1998 to replace the Saturday Paper, which was formed in the mid-90s after the demise of the Saturday editions of the Daily News and the Mercury.
Independent Office Products and Furniture Dealers Association The Independent Office Products and Furniture Dealers Association (IOPFDA), formerly Business Products International Association and the National Office Products Association, is a trade association for resellers of office furniture and office products. It is based in Arlington, Virginia.
Independent Olympic Participant Independent Olympic Participant is a term used in the Olympic Games to denote a team or individual who is competing without national representation, either because their country of origin is not recognized or is banned. The IOC country code IOP is used to identify these athletes.
Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics During the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Yugoslavia was under United Nations sanctions which prevented the country from taking part in the Olympics. However, individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as Independent Olympic Participants.
Independent Operational Group Polesie Independent Operational Group Polesie (Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Polesie, SGO Polesie) was one of the Polish Army Corps that defended Poland during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. It was created on September 11 1939 and was commanded by general Franciszek Kleeberg.
Independent Order of Rechabites The Independent Order of Rechabites was a friendly society founded in England in 1835 as part of the temperance movement to promote total abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Always well connected in upper society and involved in financial matters, it gradually transformed into a financial institution which still exists, and still promotes abstinence.
Independent pharmacy An independent pharmacy is a retail pharmacy, and is not directly affiliated with any chain pharmacy, such as CVS/pharmacy, Walgreens or Eckerd. However, owners of independent pharmacy's will often form alliances with other independents, and will use their power in numbers to bargain for price discounts from drug wholesalers, group advertise to cut down cost's, etc.
Independent practice association An HMO, or Health maintenance organization, may contract with an independent practice association (or IPA) which in turn contracts with independent physicians to treat members at discounted fees or on a capitation basis. The typical IPA encompasses all specialties, but an IPA can be solely for primary care or may be single specialty.
Independent Parliamentary Group The Independent Parliamentary Group was a right-wing political organisation in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1920 by Horatio Bottomley, elected in the 1918 UK general election as an independent Member of Parliament.
Independent Party The Independent Party (Partido Independiente in Spanish) is a social democratic and christian socialist political party in Uruguay. Its goal is to built a third way away from the heterodox left-wing coalition Frente Amplio and the traditional parties Colorado Party and National Party.
Independent Party of the Community of the Cap-Vert Peninsula Independent Party of the Community of the Cap-Vert Peninsula (in French: Parti Indépendent de la Communuaté de la Presqu'Île du Cap-Vert) was a political party in Cap Vert Peninsula, Senegal. It existed around 1960.
Independent People Independent People (Icelandic: Sjálfstætt fólk) is an epic novel by Halldór Laxness, published 1934-35. Its subject is the struggle of poor Icelandic farmers in late 1800s/early 1900s, only freed from debt bondage in the last generation, and surviving on an isolated croft in inhospitable countryside.
Independent Police Complaints Commission The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom responsible for overseeing the system for handling complaints made against police forces in England and Wales. It can also elect to manage or supervise the police investigation into a particular complaint and can independently investigate the most serious cases itself.
Independent Political Labour League The Independent Political Labour League (IPLL) was a small New Zealand political party. It was the second organised political party to win a seat in the New Zealand Parliament, and was a forerunner of the modern Labour Party.
Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales The Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales (IPART) is an agency of the state government with responsibility for the regulation of prices in sectors such as public transport and utilities. The minister responsible for IPART is the premier, Morris Iemma.
Independent Publisher Book Award The Independent Publisher Book Awards (IPPY), launched in 1996, are designed to bring increased recognition to titles published by independent authors and publishers. Previous winners of the IPPY Award include Jeffrey Lewis for Meritocracy: A Love Story, Matthew Sharpe for The Sleeping Father, and Leif Enger for Peace Like a River.
Independent Publishers Group Independent Publishers Group, or IPG, is a book distributor, founded in 1971 to exclusively market titles from independent client publishers to the book trade. IPG combines its client publishers’ books into a single list, offering small and mid-size publishers the advantages of a marketing and sales force comparable to that of a major publishing house.
Independent radio Independent radio indicates a radio station that is run in a manner different from usual for the country it broadcasts in. In countries where there exist government-run stations that served as the primary or only the variety of licensed broadcaster, the term independent radio generally means commercial radio stations which are not operated by the government, and thus independent of the government.
Independent reading The term used to apply to educational settings, where students are involved in choosing and reading material (fiction books, non-fiction, magazine, other media) for their independent consumption and enjoyment. Usually Independent Reading is conducted alongside the ongoing curriculum in the classroom.
Independent regulatory agency An independent regulatory agency is a public authority with independence from other bodies in any other branches of the state, autonomy and regulatory competence that operate in sensitive spheres of public life such as the protection of competition, supervision of capital markets and regulation of liberalized services of general economic interest.
Independent regulatory commission An independent regulatory commission is an independent regulatory agency in the United States Government. These agencies are established to be outside the power of both the executive branch and the legislative one.
Independent Radio Drama Productions Independent Radio Drama Productions (IRDP) started in 1987 and soon became one of the world's leading independent producers of radio drama. IRDP was a non profit making company and was run by directors Tim Crook, Richard Shannon and Marja Giejgo.
Independent Record The Independent Record (often abbreviated to IR) is a daily paid-for newspaper printed and distributed in Helena, Montana. Its has a daily and Sunday circulation of approximately 14,000, according to a September 30, 2005 Audit Bureau of Circulations Publisher Statement.
Independent Renewal candidates, 2003 Ontario provincial election The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist ran ten candidates in the 2003 Ontario provincial election. They did not use the CPC-ML name, but instead campaigned as "Independent Renewal" candidates.
Independent Review of the Fire Service The Independent Review of the Fire Service, sometimes referred to as the Bain Report or IRFS was a wide-ranging report carried out by Professor Sir George Bain, in 2002, at the request of the government, into the how Fire and Rescue Services were operated and managed; and about the working conditions of firefighters. When the report was completed, its full title was The Future of the Fire Service: reducing risk, saving lives - The Independent Review of the Fire Service
Independent Rhinoceros candidates, 1997 Canadian federal election The Rhinoceros Party of Canada ceased to exist after the 1988 federal election, although several independent candidates since them have adopted the "Rhinoceros" label. A number of independent Rhinoceros candidates campaigned in the 1997 election.
Independent sales organization A Independent Sales Organization, also called a Member Service Provider is an outside company (not a MasterCard or Visa member) that is contracted by members to administer merchant and/or cardholder servicing.Merchant Services Glossary
Independent set In graph theory, an independent, or stable set in a graph G, which contains vertices V, is a set of vertices V' (a subset of V) such that for every two vertices in V', there is no edge connecting the two. In other words, each edge in the graph is incident to at most one vertex in the set.
Independent scholar An independent scholar is anyone who works outside traditional academia in the pursuit of truth and knowledge. The status of independent scholar is often an amateur rather than a professional although this is not always a matter of choice.
Independent school An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and in some cases the investment yield of an endowment.
Independent school (UK) An independent school or private school in the United Kingdom is a school that relies for all of its funding on non-governmental sources. There are more than 2,500 independent schools in the UK, educating about 615,000 children.
Independent sideband Independent sideband (ISB) is an AM single sideband mode which is used with some AM radio transmissions. Normally each sideband carries identical information, but ISB modulates two different input signals — one on the upper sideband, the other on the lower sideband.
Independent software vendor An Independent Software Vendor (ISV) is a business term for companies specializing in making or selling software, usually for niche markets. This includes software such as real estate brokers, time scheduling for healthcare personnel, barcode scanning and stock maintenance.
Independent sources Independent sources in journalism, criminal justice and general research, represent two or more people or organizations which attest to a given piece of information. For example, two people who witness a traffic accident first hand would be considered independent sources.
Independent Senate Fraction The Independent Senate Group (Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie, OSF) is a parliamentary party in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties. The Dutch Senate is elected by the legislatures of the provinces.
Independent School Entrance Examination The Independent School Entrance Examination, or ISEE, is an admissions test administered by the Educational Records Bureau for placement in independent schools for grades 5-12. There are three levels: the Lower level, for entrance in grades 5-6; Middle level, for entrance in grades 7-8; Upper level, for entrance in grades 9-12.
Independent School League (Boston Area) The Independent School League is the oldest Independent School athletic association in the United States, founded in 1948. The ISL is composed of sixteen prestigious New England preparatory schools that compete with each other athletically.
Independent Schools Inspectorate The Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) is an organisation responsible for the inspection of independent schools in England which are affiliated to the Independent Schools Council (ISC). The Inspectorate is funded by, but is operationally independent of, the Independent Schools Council and has it works monitored by the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted).
Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Független Kisgazda, Földmunkás és Polgári Párt) is a political party in Hungary. At Hungary's most recent legislative elections (2006), the party won no seats.
Independent Socialist Party (Ireland) The Independent Socialist Party was a far left political party in Ireland. It was founded in 1976 as a split from the Irish Republican Socialist Party named the Irish Committee for a Socialist Programme, calling for more prominent socialist politics and less emphasis on paramilitary activity.
Independent Socialist Party (UK) The Independent Socialist Party (ISP) was a former political party in the UK. It was formed in 1934 as a breakway from the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in protest at the increasing power of the Revolutionary Policy Committee within the ILP.
Independent Softball Association One of the 4 Major governing bodies of softball in North America, the Independent Softball Association was founded by a man named Larry Nash in 1984 in Shelbyville, TN. First introduced to the sport of softball in 1967, Nash was hooked from his first game.
Independent Spirit Awards Founded in 1984, the Independent Spirit Awards were originally known as the FINDIE ("Friends of Independents") Awards and presented winners with Plexiglas pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films. In 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards in honor of the talented and tenacious souls who drive creativity in the film industry.
Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna DrĹľava Hrvatska, NDH) was an Axis ally state in Croatia and its environs during World War II. It was established in April 1941, after the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was split up by Nazi Germany and fascist Italy.
Independent State of Montenegro Montenegro existed as a separate occuppied territory during World War II under the Kingdom of Italy (1941 - 1943) and later under Nazi Germany (1943 - 1944. After the invasion of Yugoslavia, Sekule Drljević, leader of the Montenegrin Federalists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, established the Provisional Administrative Committee of Montenegro.
Independent Student Media Independent Student Media is an online educational platform that offers educators the tools to energize students' desire for learning, tapping into their excitement for Hollywood movies. It was founded in 1999 by Darrin Fletcher and Chet Thomas to create a new teaching curriculum through the medium of film and the internet.
Independent Students Union Independent Students Union (, NZS) is a Polish student society, created on 22 September 1980 in the aftermath of the Gdańsk Agreement and the anti-government strike actions. It supported the Solidarity and together with it and other similar organizations it was delegalized after the martial law in Poland, 1981.
Independent Subway System The Independent Subway System (IND or ISS), formerly known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad, was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway. It was first constructed as the "Eighth Avenue Line" in Manhattan in 1932.
Independent System Operator An Independent System Operator (ISO) is an organization formed at the direction or recommendation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). In the areas where an ISO is established, it coordinates, controls and monitors the operation of the electrical power system, usually within a single US State.
Independent Task Force on North America The Independent Task Force on North America was a project organized by the United States Council on Foreign Relations, the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. It was chaired by former Canadian politician John Manley and advocates a North American Union, entailing a greater integration between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Independent Television Authority The Independent Television Authority (ITA) was a body created by the Television Act 1954 to supervise the creation of "Independent Television" (ITV), the first commercial television network in the United Kingdom. The ITA was responsible for determining the location, constructing, building, and operating the transmission stations used by the ITV network, as well as determining the franchise areas and awarding the franchises for each regional commercial broadcaster.
Independent Television Service Independent Television Service (ITVS) is a service in the United States which funds and presents award-winning documentaries and dramas on public television, innovative new media projects on the Internet, and the weekly series Independent Lens on PBS. Funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), one of ITVS's mission is to present plurality and diversity in public television.
Independent Transport Workers Association of Nepal The Independent Transport Workers Association of Nepal (ITWAN) was a Nepalese trade union formed in 1979. The union existed as a separate entity until 1989 when it helped form the General Federation of Nepalese Trade Unions.
Independent Treasury System The Independent Treasury System was a system for the retaining of government funds in the United States Treasury and its subtreasuries, independently of the national banking and financial systems. In one form or another, it existed from the 1840s to 1921.
Independent University of Australia Perhaps the first ever degree mill operating in Australia, the Independent University of Australia, was allegedly located in Morwell, Victoria. Little evidence exists as to its operations, with only a single listing in a publication with no bibliographic details sourced from the British Library Lending Services (Bogus Degrees and Fake Diplomas nd).
Independent University of Moscow The Independent University of Moscow (IUM) (, Nezavisimy Moskovski Universitet) is a small educational organisation with rather informal status located in Moscow, Russia. Organized in 1991 by a group of prominent russian mathematicians with Arnold (chairman) and Novikov among them.
Independent variable In an experimental design, the independent variable (argument of the function) is the variable that is manipulated or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured).
Independent video game industry The independent video game industry is a grass roots portion of the video game industry that consists mainly of small game companies of one to fifteen people. Such game developers often develop their games as freeware or shareware, relying on giftware
Independent Verification and Validation Facility NASA's Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V) was established in 1993 and is located in Fairmont, West Virginia. The IV&V Facility was founded under the NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance in the aftermath of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
Independent Voters Association The Independent Voters Association, or IVA, was a North Dakota political organization formed on May 1 1918, at the height of the Non Partisan League's influence on the North Dakota Republican Party. The IVA was a conservative, capitalist faction created to counter the NPL's socialist leanings.
Independent Women Part I "Independent Women (Part I)" is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles, Sam Barnes, Jen-Claude Olivier, and Cory Rooney for Destiny Child's third studio album, Survivor (2001), only considered as a bonus track. It was produced by Knowles, Rooney, and Poke & Tone and first appeared on the soundtrack to 'the film Charlie's Angels.
Independent Women's Forum The Independent Women's Forum (IWF) is an organization that, according to its website, "was established to combat the women-as-victim, pro-big-government ideology of radical feminism." The IWF is funded by Richard Mellon Scaife, Koch Industries, and other conservative groups.
Independent Workers' Party of Germany The Independent Workers' Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, UAPD) was a short-lived communist party in West Germany. The UAPD was formed in 1950 as a split from the Communist Party of Germany by supporters of Josip Broz Tito after he broke with the Soviet Union.
Independent Working Class Association The Independent Working Class Association (IWCA) is a small working class political party in Britain with the avowed aim of promoting the political and economic interests of the working class, regardless of the consequences to existing political and economic structures.
Independent World Television Independent World Television is a project to create an international English-language television network which is funded by its viewers, instead of by advertising. The network will focus on news, debate, and current affairs, with an emphasis on citizen journalism.
Independent-Socialist The Independent-Socialist line appeared on the ballot in the 1956 New York state election. Led by the candidacy of John McManus, one of the founders of the leftist National Guardian newspaper, for Governor of New York, the line hoped to retain the support of the former American Labor Party among left-wing voters; however, it received only about 35,000 votes statewide and was thus not allowed a line in future elections.
Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem is the title of the national anthem of Turkmenistan. With the death of the song's author, dictator Saparmurat Niyazov on December 21, 2006, the anthem may change, as it is associated specifically with his regime, as well as bearing an unwieldy name.
Independentists of the Catalan Countries Independentists of the Catalan Countries (in Catalan: Independentistes dels PaĂŻsos Catalans) was a separatist political party in the Catalan Countries. IPC was formed on March 3 1979 through the merger of the Socialist Party of National Liberation - provisional (PSAN-p) from the Catalan regions in Spain and the Socialist Organisation of National Liberation (OSAN) from the Catalan region of France.
Independents (artist group) The Independents were a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania area during the early 1930s. They evolved out of The New Group (founded in 1930), a collection of artists dissatisfied with the hold that "conservative" Pennsylvania Impressionists had on local exhibitions.
Independents Group The Independents Group were a short-lived Australian political party operating in the Australian Capital Territory. They briefly served as part of the Alliance government, alongside the Liberal Party of Australia and Residents Rally.
Independents in Espoo Independents in Espoo (in Finnish: Espoon Sitoutumattomat, in Swedish: De Obundna i Esbo) is a local political party in the municipality of Espoo, Finland. In the 2004 municipal elections the party got 4360 votes (4,3%).
Inderjit Singh Rao Inderjit Singh Rao (born 11 February, 1950) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Mahendergarh constituency of Haryana and is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party.
Indesit Indesit (pronounced "In-der-set") is a company that is one of the three largest producers of household appliances in Europe. Formerly called Merloni Elettrodomestici, the company sponsors the men's ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) Entry Ranking and Champions Race.
Indeterminacy (Philosophy) Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of definition or meaning. It is related to deconstructionism and to Nietzsche's criticism of the Kantian noumenon.
Indeterminacy debate in legal theory The indeterminacy debate in legal theory can be summed up as follows: Can the law constrain the results reached by adjudicators in legal disputes? Some members of the critical legal studies movement — primarily legal academics in the United States — argued that the answer to this question is "no.
Indeterminacy of translation The indeterminacy of translation is a thesis propounded by 20th century analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine. The classic statement of this thesis can be found in his 1960 book Word and Object, which gathered together and refined much of Quine's previous work on subjects other than formal logic and set theory.
Indeterminate (variable) In mathematics, more precisely in algebra, an indeterminate is a quantity that is not known, and cannot be solved for. An indeterminate is different from a variable, which is solvable, at least conditionally, from a given equation or set of equations.
Indeterminate equation An indeterminate equation is an equation for which there is an infinite set of solutions – for example, 2x = y. A diophantine equation is an indeterminate equation in which both the solution and the terms must be whole numbers.
Indeterminism Indeterminism is the philosophical belief contradictory to determinism: that there are events which do not correspond with determinism (and therefore have no cause). There are generally three types of indeterminism.
Index (publishing) An index is a detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information in a publication, whether a book, periodical, database or multimedia collection. It is designed to help the reader find information quickly and easily.
Index (search engine) Search engine indexing entails how data is collected, parsed, and stored to facilitate fast and accurate retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from Linguistics, Cognitive psychology, Mathematics, Informatics, Physics, and Computer science.
Index case (medicine) The index case or patient zero is the initial patient in the population sample of an epidemiological investigation. Patient zero is a somewhat less specific term than index case and is sometimes used to refer to the central patient in an epidemiological investigation rather than the first patient.
Index Catalogue The Index Catalogue (IC) —also known as the Index Catalogue of Nebulae, the Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, IC I, or IC II— is a catalogue of galaxies, nebulae and star clusters that serves as a supplement to the New General Catalogue. It was first published in 1895, and has been expanded to list more than 5,000 objects, known as the IC objects.
Index fossil Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or zone fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). They work on the premise that, although different sediments may look different depending on the conditions under which they were laid down, they may include the remains of the same species of fossil.
Index checking In computer programming, much use is made of simple variables given names such as X, I, Enough, etc. A compiler, in generating the machine code will have some scheme for assigning computer storage locations to hold the values of such variables and then, whenever there is mention of a name, the compiler will generate code that refers to that address and no human need remember the various addresses of which there may be hundreds to confuse.
Index Kewensis The Index Kewensis (IK) is maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: its aim was to register all formal botanical names for seed plants, at the rank of species and genus. Later, it also started to include names of families and of taxa below the rank of species.
Index locking Index locking is a procedure in which running one task on a database table blocks all access by other tasks to the entire table. With index locking it may be necessary to lock the index build for a column, not just the data items themselves.
Index Librorum Prohibitorum The Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books") is a list of publications which the Catholic Church censored for being a danger to itself and the faith of its members. The various editions also contain the rules of the Church relating to the reading, selling and censorship of books.
Index medicus Index Medicus (IM) was a comprehensive index of medical journal articles, published between 1879 and 2004. It was initiated by Dr John Shaw Billings, head of the Library of the Office of the Surgeon General, United States ArmyThis library later evolved into the National Library of Medicine of the United States of America..
Index mineral An index mineral is used in geology to determine the degree of metamorphism a rock has experienced. Depending on the original composition of and the pressure and temperature experienced by the protolith, chemical reactions between minerals in the solid state produce new minerals.
Index of coincidence In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that a letter appears in the same position in both texts.
Index of Consumer Confidence The Index of Consumer Confidence (CCI) measures how people feel about the United States economy. It is issued monthly by The Conference Board, an independent economic research organization, and is based on 5,000 households.
Index of dissimilarity The index of dissimilarity is a demographic measure of the evenness with which two groups are distributed across the component geographic areas that make up a larger area. The index score can also be interpreted as the percentage of one of the two groups included in the calculation that would have to move to different geographic areas in order to produce a completely even distribution.
Index of Dependency The annual Index of Dependency, published by the Heritage Foundation's Center for Data Analysis, attempts to measure government expansion in America and the degree of reliance on social support programs. Though established in 2002, the index has been cited in other studies and reports analyzing government intervention, and its data has been used by policy analysts in forecasting trends and assessing how they might affect the politics of the federal budget.
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