Encyclopedia

Indie (music) In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach.
Indie game Indie games are video games that are created independently of the financial backing of a large publishing company. These games generally have a small or non-existent budget and are often primarily available online or through friend-to-friend sharing, although in some cases budgets can run in the millions, and indie games have appeared on consoles and in game stores.
Indie Game Jam The Indie Game Jam is an effort to rapidly prototype video game designs and inject new ideas into the game industry. Started in 2002 by a group of game designer-programmers, the event features a shared game engine technology hacked on by other designer-programmers for a single long weekend.
Indie music scenes Indie music scenes are localized, independent, music-oriented communities that exist in many cities, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. These have existed for decades now, in one way or another, but it is now commonplace for a city or town to have a punk scene, a metal scene, or many other scenes based on other forms of art.
Indie pop Indie pop is a musical genre that originated in the UK in the mid 80s. Although its roots were in the Scottish post-punk bands on the Postcard label in the early 80s such as Orange Juice, it didn't find a name until the release of C86, the influential NME cassette of the period that featured such key early bands of the genre such as The Pastels, and The Shop Assistants.
Indie rock Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with underground music as a whole, though more specifically implies that the music meets the criterion of being rock, as opposed to indie pop or other possible match-ups.
Indie role-playing game An indie role-playing game is a role-playing game published outside of traditional, "mainstream" means. Varying definitions require that commercial, design, or conceptual elements of the game stay under the control of the creator, or that the game should just be produced outside of a corporate environment.
Indie-electro Indie-Electro is a subculture of music born from a mixture of sources that include sixties pop, seventies prog-rock and punk, 80s pop/electro/new wave/new romantic, 90's "madchester" and Britpop. and eclectic bands from the last 10 years that have fused styles into a post-modern amalgam.
IndieFlix IndieFlix is an online store for independent film from around the world on DVD. Created by filmmakers for filmmakers, the organization's goal is to encourage filmmaker empowerment and promote independent film.
Indietronica Indietronica, also known as indie electronic, indielectronica, indietronic, indietronics and lap-pop, is a music genre that combines indie rock with the sound of Early Electronics/Electronic Pioneers, Krautrock, IDM and glitch.
Indifference curve An indifference curve in microeconomic theory is a graph showing different bundles of goods, each measured as to quantity, to which a consumer is indifferent. That is, at each point on the curve, the consumer has no preference for one bundle over another.
Indifferent chosen-ciphertext attack An indifferent chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA1), also known as a non-adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, is a type of chosen-ciphertext attack. It is to be distinguished from the Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA2).
Indifferentism In the theology of the Roman Catholic Church, indifferentism is condemned as a heresy that holds that one religion is as good as another, and that all religions are equally valid paths to salvation. Its condemnation is closely linked to the Catholic dogma of Outside the Church there is no salvation, whereby "Church" is considered the Catholic Church.
Indigènes Indigènes (known as Days of Glory in English) is a Drama French film directed by French-Algerian Rachid Bouchareb. The cast includes (Sami Bouajila, Jamel Debbouze, Samy Naceri, Roschdy Zem and Bernard Blancan) won the Prix d'interprétation masculine du Festival de Cannes at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.
Indigenization In anthropological terms, to "indigenize" means to transform things to fit the local culture. Most changes in original culture occur when western corporations impose their products on other economies, Westernizing.
Indigenous (ecology) In the field of ecology, an indigenous species is an organism which is native to a region or ecosystem. Basically, the term indigenous (or native) means that an organism (species) originated and evolved in a particular region, and is a natural member of that region's biotic community.
Indigenous Australian languages The Australian Aboriginal languages comprise several language families and isolates native to Australia and a few nearby islands, but by convention excluding Tasmania. The relationships between these languages are not clear at present, although substantial progress has been made on our understanding in recent decades.
Indigenous Australian music Indigenous Australian music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, who are collectively called Indigenous Australians; it incorporates a wide variety of distinctive traditional music styles practised by Indigenous Australian peoples, as well as a range of contemporary musical styles both derivative of and fusion with European traditions as interpreted and performed by indigenous Australian artists. Music has formed an integral part of the social, cultural and ceremonial observances of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, down through the millennia of their individual and collective histories to the present day.
Indigenous Communists in Hong Kong The Indigenous Communists in Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港本土共產勢力 (Pinyin: Xiānggǎng béntǔ Gòngchǎn shìlì) ; or 土共 (tǔ gòng) in short) are mainly remnants of the trade unionists who flourished in the 1960s and united front officials operated by the Communist Party of China in Hong Kong. They were once considered progressives; but as the consensus of Hong Kong politics moved, they appear to be ideologically conservative compared to the mainstream of Hong Kong.
Indigenous decolonization Indigenous Decolonization is a process that Indigenous people whose communities were grossly affected by colonial expansion, genocide and cultural assimilation may go through in understanding the history of their colonization and rediscovering their ancestral traditions and cultural values. A contemporary concept in Indigenous health and healing studies, decolonization (Indigenous) is a healing journey that may involve grief, anger, rage, growth and empowerment.
Indigenous Dialogues The Indigenous Dialogues Foundation (IndiÄťenaj Dialogoj or ID) was an international project which sought to empower organisations of indigenous peoples worldwide to communicate directly, freely, and affordably, allowing them to more effectively work together for their common interests.
Indigenous Geckos of Madagascar There are four genus' of geckos that indigenous to Madagascar, the Geckolepis genus, the Paroedura genus, the Phelsuma genus, and the Uroplatus genus, with the latter two more commonly known as the day geckos and the leaf-tailed geckos respectively.
Indigenous church mission theory This theory was developed in response to the extreme paternalism exercised by western missionaries of the early 19th century, particularly in Asia. Opposition arose to the making of 'rice' Christians who were completely dependent on missionaries and loyal to the church only as long as they were receiving free food.
Indigenous inhabitant Indigenous inhabitants () refers to the residents in the New Territories of Hong Kong, whose ancestors were inhabitants there before the commencement of British rule in 1898. They have special rights to preserve their customs.
Indigenous language An indigenous language or autochthonous language is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous peoples. This language would be from a linguistically distinct community that has been settled in the area for many generations.
Indigenous languages of the Americas Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas. These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates and unclassified languages.
Indigenous Norwegian Travellers The indigenous Norwegian Travellers are an ethnic minority group in Norway. They are a wandering people that used to travel by foot, with horse-drawn carts and with boats along the southern and southwestern coastline of Norway.
Indigenous peoples The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. However several widely-accepted formulations, which define the term "Indigenous peoples" in stricter terms, have been put forward by important internationally-recognised organizations, such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank.
Indigenous peoples in Brazil The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (povos indĂ­genas in Portuguese) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the country's present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500. Like Christopher Columbus, who thought he had reached the East Indies, the first Portuguese explorers called them Ă­ndios ("Indians"), a name that is still used today in Brazil.
Indigenous peoples in Colombia The Indigenous peoples in Colombia (pueblos indĂ­genas in Spanish) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the country's present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500.
Indigenous peoples of Africa The indigenous peoples of Africa are those peoples from the African region whose way of life, attachment or claims to particular lands, and social and political standing in relation to other more dominant groups have resulted in their substantial marginalisation within modern African states. This marginalisation, combined with the desire to recognise and protect both their collective and human rights, and to maintain the continuity of their individual cultures has lead many of these peoples to seek identification as indigenous peoples, in the contemporary global sense of the term.
Indigenous peoples of Mexico Mexico has defined itself, in the second article of its constitution, as a "pluricultural" nation, in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it. There are, according to the Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO), the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, and the Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (CDI) 12 million of Amerindians (or "indigenous peoples", the preferred term in Spanish).
Indigenous peoples of the Americas The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those historical peoples. (The precise definition of the term is the subject of the Native American name controversy.
Indigenous peoples of the Russian North This list is based solely on territory; the peoples listed here do not belong to a single language family or ethnicity: they are Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Eskimo-Aleut, and other groups. Many of these groups are now extinct or almost so, or assimilated.
Indigenous psychology Indigenous psychology is defined by Kim and Berry, 1993, as “the scientific study of human behavior or mind that is native, that is not transported from other regions, and that is designed for its people.” It advocates examining knowledge, skills and beliefs people have about themselves and studying them in their natural contexts.
Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism The Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB) is a non-profit organization based in Nixon, Nevada that aims to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the alleged negative effects of biotechnology.
Indigenous Peoples in Peru The Indigenous peoples in Peru (pueblos indĂ­genas in Spanish) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the country's present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500. Like Christopher Columbus, who thought he had reached the East Indies, the first Spanish explorers called them Ă­ndios ("Indians"), a name that is still used today in Peru.
Indigenous Team of the Century The Australian rules football Indigenous Team of the Century was selected in 2005 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the first senior game played by an Indigenous Australian player, Fitzroy's Joe Johnson in 1904. It was compiled from a shortlist of 35 players, and incorporates players from the Victorian/Australian Football League, the South Australian National Football League and the West Australian Football League.
Indigo Indigo (or spectral indigo) is the color on the spectrum between 440 and 420 nanometres in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet. Indigo and violet are different from purple (as defined by chromaticians [color scientists]) which cannot be seen on the electromagnetic spectrum and which can be achieved using additive primary colors by mixing blue light with a red light.
Indigo (film) Indigo is a film released in 2003, directed and produced by Stephen Simon. The film deals with the supposed phenomenon of "indigo children" -- a set of children alleged to have certain "special psychological and spiritual attributes".
Indigo (novel) Indigo is a novel written by Alice Hoffman, in 2002 (ISBN 0-439-25636-4) and published by Scholastic Paperbacks. It is a fantasy novel that tells of the journey of self discovery that Martha Glimmer, a 13-year old girl who lives in the town of Oak Grove, and her friends "Trout" McGill, age 13, and his brother "Eel", age 11 embark on.
Indigo Airlines Indigo Airlines is generally regarded as the world's first business jet airline. It was founded in 1997 by aviation veteran and University of Chicago graduate Matt Andersson; business executive and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University alumnus John N.
Indigo Girls The Indigo Girls are an American folk rock duo, consisting of Amy Ray and Emily Saliers. They got their start in Atlanta as a regular act at The Little 5 Points Pub and were tangentially part of the Athens, Georgia college rock scene that included The B-52's, Pylon, R.
Indigo Internet Indigo Internet was established in 1995 as an internet service provider, and was one of the largest ISPs in Ireland until it was later acquired by Eircom. The company still maintains its branding as it is a strong brand in Ireland, although it is now impossible to sign up for a new account, and only dial up services are provided.
Indigo Muldoon Indigo Roxanna Kathryne Muldoon, affectionately referred to as "Indie" by her friends and family, is the main character in the graphic novel, "Indigo Heat." She was born a medium with psychic powers.
Indigo palms Indigo Palms is a line of casual jeans, jackets, shirts and other tropical themed wear made by Tommy Bahama. The company claims the jeans were inspired by Indigo Palms Ranch, a Jamaican cattle facility founded in the late 17th century.
Indigo und die vierzig Räuber Indigo und die vierzig Räuber (English: Indigo and the Forty Thieves) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II based on a story from the Tales from the Arabian Nights. It was first staged on February 10, 1871 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria.
Indigofera Indigofera is a large genus of about 700 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. They occur throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with a few species reaching the temperate zone in eastern Asia.
Indios de MayagĂĽez The Indios de MayagĂĽez () are a baseball team in the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League (LBPPR, in Spanish). Based in MayagĂĽez, the Indios have won 15 national championships and two Caribbean World Series.
Indios USA Indios USA are an American soccer team, founded in 2007. The team is a member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, and will make their debut in the Southwest Conference in 2007.
Indiplon Indiplon® is a nonbenzodiazepine, hypnotic sedative being developed in 2 formulations - an immediate release product for sleep onset and a modified-release version for sleep maintenance. It is scheduled for release to doctors and pharmacies sometime in 2007, most likely in the springtime of that year, which is when Sanofi-Aventis' popular sleep aid, Ambien®, loses its patent rights in the United States and thus becomes available to patients as a much less expensive generic.
Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarśinī Gāndhī (Devanāgarī: इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी, ) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984)(nee Nehru) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and again from January 14, 1980 until her assassination on October 31, 1984.
Indira Gandhi Boat Race Indira Gandhi Boat Race is a boat race festival celebrated in the last week of December in the backwaters of Kochi, a town in Kerala, south India. This boat race is one of the most popular vallam Kali (snake boat race) in Kerala.
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research is a research institution dedicated to promoting scientific research on the developmental issues facing India. It was founded by an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA) was constituted in the year 1987 by renaming the erstwhile Indian Forest College, which was originally established in 1938 for training senior forest officers. It is situated in the New Forest campus of Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun.
Indira Gandhi National Open University Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is a public university established in 1985 by an act of the Indian Parliament (Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985) to provide access to quality higher education through distance learning] to remote and disadvantaged students. It helps in democratization of education in [[India.
Indira Gandhi Park Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, created in 1972, is the secondest largest zoological garden in India behind the Nehru Zoological Park in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. The park, named after former prime minister Indira Gandhi covers an area of 425 acres (1.
Indira Gandhi Prize The Indira Gandhi Prize or the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize or the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development is the prestigious award accorded annually by India to individuals or organisations in recognition of creative efforts toward promoting international peace, development and a new international economic order; ensuring that scientific discoveries are used for the larger good of humanity, and enlarging the scope of freedom. The prize carries a cash award of 25 lakh Indian Rupees and a citation.
Indira Kalakendra Indira Kalakendra (इन्दिरा कलाकेन्द्र) or the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts is the premier government funded arts organization in India. Its founding director was Kapila Vatsyayan.
Indira of Baroda Indira Raje of Baroda (1892–1968), later the Maharani of Cooch Behar, was the consort of Maharaja Jitendra of Cooch Behar and a princess of Baroda in her own right. She also served as regent of Cooch Behar during the minority of her son.
Indira Point Indira Point (formerly known as Pygmalion Point and for a brief period of time as India Point) is situated on the island of Great Nicobar in the Nicobar Islands, eastern Indian Ocean, and it represents the southernmost point of land in the territory of India. The point is located in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is named in honour of Indira Gandhi.
Indira Stefanianna Christopherson Indira Stefanianna Christopherson (also known as Indira Danks, Stefanianna Christopherson, and Indira Stefanianna ) is an American singer and actress. Best known as the original voice of Daphne Blake from Scooby-Doo, Where are You!
Indirasagar Indira Sagar Project or ISP is a multipurpose key Project of Madhya Pradesh on the Narmada River at Narmadanagar in District Khandwa of Madhya Pradesh in India. The foundation stone of the project was laid by late Smt Indira Gandhi, (Ex Prime Minister of India) on 23October1984.
Indirect bandgap In semiconductor physics, an indirect bandgap is a bandgap in which the minimum energy in the conduction band is shifted by a k-vector relative to the valence band. The k-vector difference represents a difference in momentum.
Indirect branch An indirect branch (also known as a computed jump, indirect jump and register-indirect jump) is a type of program control instruction present in some machine language instruction sets. Rather than specifying the address of the next instruction to execute, as in a direct branch, the argument specifies where the address is located.
Indirect effect Indirect effect is a principle of European Union Law which compels national courts to, wherever possible, interpret national legislation in accordance with the aims of a directive. In the EU, a "directive" is a legislative order that requires implementation in every member state by the domestic government.
Indirect election Indirect election is a process in which voters in an election do not actually choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice. This process is used in many union elections and sometimes in professional, civic, and fraternal organizations, as well as in the election for President of the United States.
Indirect finance Indirect finance is where borrowers borrow funds from the financial market through indirect means, such as through a financial intermediary. This is different from direct financing where there is a direct connection to the financial markets as indicated by the borrower issuing securities directly on the market.
Indirect fire Indirect fire is the use of artillery to fire at targets out of the crew's line of sight, by firing in a high arc out to long distances and/or over blocking terrain. Usually an observer in closer proximity to the target reports the target's estimated position back to the crew or their headquarters, and the weapon is then fired at that point on the basis of mathematical calculations for the necessary horizontal and vertical angles and shell velocity.
Indirect grilling Indirect grilling is a barbecue cooking technique in which the food is placed to the side of the heat source instead of directly over the flame as is more common. This can be achieved by only igniting some burners on a gas barbecue or by piling coals to one side of a charcoal pit.
Indirect holding system The indirect holding system (also multi-tiered holding system) is a system of securities clearance, settlement and ownership system most widely used in the world today. It consists of one or more tiers of intermediaries between issuer and investor.
Indirect injection In an internal combustion engine, the term indirect injection refers to a fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. Gasoline engines are usually equipped with indirect injection systems, wherein a fuel injector delivers the fuel at some point before the intake valve.
Indirect oppression Indirect oppression is oppression that is effected by psychological attack, situational constraints or other indirect means. It has been a popular tactic practiced in single power, power monopoly or other authoritarian or totalitarian regimes.
Indirect property There are two fundamental means by which one can invest in property. The first and most obvious is through purchasing freehold or leasehold interests in property, this is broadly known as direct property investment.
Indirect rule Indirect rule is a type of European colonial policy as practiced in large parts of British India (see Princely states) and elsewhere in the British Empire (including Malaya), in which the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure. (Note: Not all British colonies were under indirect rule, e.
Indiscretion (DS9 episode) "Indiscretion" is an episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the fifth episode of the fourth season. It introduces the character Tora Ziyal, the half-Bajoran daughter of Gul Dukat, and marks the first appearance of the Breen.
Indische Freiwilligen-Legion Regiment 950 The Legion Freies Indien, or the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion Regiment 950 variously known as the Tiger Legion, the Free India Legion (in English), The Azad Hind Legion, or the I.R 950 (Indisches Infanterie Regiment 950) was an Indian armed unit raised in 1941 attached to the Wehrmacht, ostensibly according to the concept of an Indian Liberation forceAxis War Makes Easier Task of Indians.
Indispensable party An indispensable party is a party to a lawsuit whose participation is required for jurisdiction or the purpose of rendering a judgment. An indispensable party may usually be joined at the discretion of the judge.
Indispensable Strait Indispensable Strait is a waterway in the Solomon Islands, running about 200 km northwest-southeast from Santa Isabel to Makira (San Cristóbal), between the Florida Islands and Guadalcanal to the southwest, and Malaita to the northeast.
Indium Indium (IPA: ) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, soft, malleable and easily fusible poor metal, is chemically similar to aluminium or gallium but looks more like zinc (zinc ores are also the primary source of this metal).
Indium gallium arsenide Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) is a semiconductor composed of indium, gallium and arsenic. It is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity with respect to the more common semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide.
Indium gallium phosphide Indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) is a semiconductor composed of indium, gallium and phosphorus. It is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity with respect to the more common semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide.
Indium(III) antimonide Indium antimonide () is a narrow gap semiconductor material from the III-V group used in infrared detectors, including thermal imaging cameras, FLIR systems, infrared homing missile guidance systems, and in infrared astronomy. The indium antimonide detectors are sensitive between 1-5 µm wavelengths.
Individual As commonly used, individual refers to a person or to any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means "indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person".
Individual and political action on climate change The issue of human-caused, or anthropogenic, climate change (global warming) is becoming a central focus of the Green movement. Beyond these narrow bounds, however, the issue is building an increasing level of mainstream interest.
Individual Address Block The Individual Address Block (IAB) is a block of identifiers that is formed by concatenating a 24-bit Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) that is owned by the IEEE Registration Authority with an additional 12-bit extension identifier that is assigned by the IEEE Registration Authority and then reserving an additional 12 bits for use by the assignee. The resulting 48-bit identifier uniquely identifies the assignee of the IAB and provides 4096 unique EUI-48™ numbers for use by the organization that purchased the IAB.
Individual branding Individual branding, also called multibranding, is the marketing strategy of giving each product in a product portfolio its own unique brand name. This is contrasted with family branding in which the products in a product line are given the same brand name.
Individual capacity In law, individual capacity is a term of art referring to one's status as a natural person, distinct from any other role. For example, an officer, employee or agent of a corporation, acting "in their individual capacity" is acting as themself, rather than as an agent of the corporation.
Individual capital Individual capital comprises inalienable or personal traits of persons, tied to their bodies and available only through their own free will, such as skill, creativity, enterprise, courage, capacity for moral example, non-communicable wisdom, invention or empathy, non-transferable personal trust and leadership.
Individual Computers Individual Computers is a German computer hardware company specializing in retrocomputing accessories for the Commodore 64, Amiga, and PC platforms. Individual Computers produced the C-One reconfigurable computer in 2003.
Individual development planning Individual development planning (IDP) is the annual process, tied to business planning and the budget cycle, whereby the management in an organization establishes training goals and plans for the members of the organization.
Individual differences psychology The science of psychology studies people at three levels of focus captured by the well known quote: “Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) like some other men, (c) like no other man" (Murray, H.A.
Individual dualism Individual Dualism is a dualist theory created by Christopher Finnerty. While not recognized as a mainstream facet of Dualism, Individual Dualism in an unconventional look at Dualism, similar to Existentialism's unorthodox look at traditional philosophy.
Individual Development Accounts Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) are matched savings accounts that enable people with low incomes to save money and build assets. Every dollar that is saved in an IDA will be matched with donations from government agencies, non-profit organizations and private companies.
Individual fishing quota Individual fishing quotas (popularly abbreviated to IFQ) are a means by which many governments have tried to regulate fishing. Due to the widely recognized decimation of wild fish populations, governments set a species-by-species limit of total allowable catches (TAC).
Individual income tax in Singapore Individual income tax in Singapore forms part of two main sources of Income tax, the other being corporate taxes on companies. Payable on an annual bases, it is currently based on the progressive tax system (for local residents), with taxes ranging from 0% to 22% up to Year of Assessment 2005.
Individual Integrated Fighting System The Individual Integrated Fighting System or IIFS was introduced in 1988 as a possible replacement for the All-Purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment in United States Army service. The IIFS replaces the age-old concept of a shoulder-harness suspenders and individual equipment belt design with the newer concept of a tactical load-carrying vest.
Individual Learning Plan Individual Learning Plan or ILP is a user (student) specific program or strategy of education or learning that takes into consideration the student's strengths and weaknesses. While normal classroom or distance education is based on the premise that all should get equal attention (a democratic principle), be exposed to same curriculum and evaluated on the same pattern ('One size fits all'), ILP presumes that the needs of individual students are different, and thus, must be differently addressed.
Individual Movement Techniques Individual Movement Techniques or IMTs (also known as Infantry Minor Tactics in Australia) are the most basic tactics that are employed at the squad, section or platoon level. They are, generally speaking, fairly similar in most modern armies.
Individual Olympic Athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympics Four athletes from East Timor competed as Individual Olympic Athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The country code used by the International Olympic Committee to refer to these athletes is IOA.

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