Encyclopedia

Indoor Professional Football League The Indoor Professional Football League (IPFL) was the new incarnation of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL), which started in 1998. Two of its teams (the Madison Mad Dogs and the Green Bay Bombers) left the league and their owner, Kerry Ecklund, founded the Indoor Football League in 1999.
Indoor relief After the passing of the 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law, indoor relief was poor relief that took place within a workhouse or almshouse. This relief was in contrast to outdoor relief which took place within a paupers own home.
Indoor tanning lotion Unlike sunscreen or what is commonly called suntan lotion, indoor tanning lotion is designed to amplify the effects of ultraviolet rather than block them. This is usually accomplished by using ingredients that promote the production of melanin (including using actual melanin as an ingredient) or by increasing the blood flow to the skin, thereby increasing the amount of melanin that is brought to the top layers of the skin.
Indoor waterfall An indoor waterfall is a waterfall unit used inside buildings such as homes or commercial properties. Sometimes referred to as indoor fountains, it is difficult to completely distinguish the difference between an indoor fountain and indoor waterfall.
Indooroopilly Island Conservation Park The Indooroopilly Island Conservation Park, located on an island in the Brisbane River, is the site of one of Australia's largest flying fox colonies. It is located seven kilometres west of the Brisbane central business district near the suburb of Indooroopilly.
Indooroopilly State High School Indooroopilly State High School, situated in the western suburbs of Brisbane, Australia, was opened in 1954. With a current enrolment of approximately 850 students, Indooroopilly State High is a co-educational, multicultural secondary school within the public education system of Education Queensland.
Indophobia Indophobia is essentially the opposite of Indomania: It often refers as antipathy towards of Indian concepts, in particular Hindu culture, especially in the Western world. It can also extend to include phobias and prejudices against other people from the Indian Subcontinent, such as Pakistanis and Bangladeshis.
Indosphere Indosphere is a term, defined as "a socio-political sphere subsuming those countries, cultures, and languages that have historically come under influence from the politics, culture, religion, and languages of India." Beyond the Indian subcontinent, mainland Southeast Asia was the other recipient center of Indian-influenced culture, literature, philosophy, political systems, architecture, music, and religion (Brahmanic Hinduism and Theravada Buddhism).
Indostan Indostan, or as it used to be called, the 'Indostanic Peninsula', is the former name of the region in South Asia comprised of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and the Himalayan states Bhutan and Nepal. Their collective historical background may be spoken of as “the Indian Civilization”, and sets these countries apart from the rest of the Asian continent.
Indostomidae The family of fishes Indostomidae contains only three species, all in the same genus. The indostomids are small, tropical fish in the stickleback order Gasterosteiformes, and are closely related to seahorses and pipefishes.
Indra Devi Indra Devi (May 12,1899 - April 25,2002) born as Eugenie Peterson in Riga, Latvia was an early disciple of Sri Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, and herself became a renowned yoga teacher. She also acted in some Hindi films.
Indra Lal Roy Indra Lal ("Laddie") Roy (), DFC (2 December 1898 – 22 July 1918) was a Bengali Indian flying ace. He served in the First World War with the Royal Flying Corps and its successor, the Royal Air Force.
Indra Nooyi Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi is the president and chief executive officer of PepsiCo, the world's fourth-largest food and beverage company. On August 14, 2006 she was named the next to succeed Steve Reinemund as chief executive officer of the company.
Indra Varma According to the Indra Pala Nagara plates, Indra Varma is considered to be the first ruler of the Vishnukundin dynasty. He might have carved out a small principality for himself probably as a subordinate of the Vakatakas sometime about the last quarter of the fourth century CE.
Indradyumna Swami Indradyumna Swami, named after the famous king Indrayumna of ancient India, is a spiritual leader (guru) in the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), a Gaudiya Vaishnava movement founded in 1966 by A. C.
Indrail Pass An Indrail Pass is a special railway pass available to foreign nationals created along the lines of the Eurail Pass for unlimited travel without reservation of a ticket on the Indian Railways network. This ticket is available for a special time period from half a day to 90 days.
Indrajal Comics Indrajal Comics was a series launched by the publisher of The Times of India, Bennet, Coleman & Co in March of 1964. The first 32 issues contained The Phantom stories, but thereafter, the title alternated between various King Features characters, including Mandrake, Flash Gordon, and Buz Sawyer.
Indranee Rajah Indranee Rajah is a Singaporean Member of Parlimaent, representing Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency. She is a lawyer, having graduated from the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore in 1986.
Indraneil sengupta Born in Assam, schooled and brought up in Ahmedabad, this Gladrags Manhunt 99 finalist moved to Mumbai in 2000 to pursue modelling. Indarneil became a known face on the ramp and modelled for designers like Rohit Bal n Neeta lulla beside working for choreographers like Marc Robinson and Achala Sachdev.
Indrani Aikath Gyaltsen Indrani Aikath Gyaltsen was a freelance journalist, who was born in Chaibasa, Bihar in 1952. She was educated in Jamshedpur before leaving India to continue her studies at Barnard College at Columbia University.
Indraprastha The city of Indraprastha (City of Indra) (Sanskrit: इन्‍द्रप्रस्‍थ), a major northern city in ancient India that was the capital of the kingdom led by the Pandavas in the Mahabharata epic. It was located upon the banks of the river Yamuna and close to the modern national capital of Delhi.
Indravati River The Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River, located in central India. The river rises in the Satpura Range, and flows south to join the Godavari, forming the boundary between Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh states.
Indre By Indre By (lit. English, "Inner City"), also known as Copenhagen Center or Downtown Copenhagen or City, is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Indre Offerdal The old fjord-side settlement Indre Offerdal was the administration center in the Norwegian municipality of Ă…rdal more than 100 years ago. In those days a main income for Ă…rdal came from the forest industry, and Indre Offerdal had a strategic position.
Indrek Sei Indrek Sei (born July 26, 1972 in Tallinn) is a former freestyle swimmer from Estonia, who competed in three consequentive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992. He won the bronze medal in the 100m Individual Medley at the European Sprint Swimming Championships 1991 in Gelsenkirchen.
Indri The Indri (Indri indri), also called the Entrina, is a large (up to 70 cm long, and weighing up to 13 kg) tree-dwelling relative of the lemur and, like all lemuroids, it is native to Madagascar. It has only a rudimentary tail, and large eyes.
Indricotheriinae The Indricotheriinae are a group of long-limbed, hornless rhinoceroses that evolved in the Eocene epoch and continued through to the early Miocene. Originally modest-sized animals, they evolved from small, fast-running, lightly built animals with little similarity to modern rhinos.
Indrik In Russian folklore, the Indrik-Beast (Russian: Индрик-зверь, transliteration:Indrik zvier) is a miraculous beast, the king of all animals. He lives on a mountain known as "The Saint Mountain" where no other foot may tread.
Indro Montanelli Indro Montanelli (April 22, 1909, Fucecchio, province of Florence - July 22, 2001, Milan) was an Italian journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as History of the Greeks and History of Rome.
Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park The Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park in the Gandhinagar in the state of Gujarat, India, contains the second largest hatchery of dinosaur eggs in the world.The Park was set up by the Geological Survey of India] and is the only dinosaur museum in the country.
Induced activity The term induced activity is used in electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography for certain types of stimulus-related activity. The following explanation is for electroencephalographic activity, but the concept is the same in magnetoencephalography.
Induced coma A barbiturate-induced coma, or barb coma, is a temporary coma (a deep state of unconsciousness) brought on by a controlled dose of a barbiturate drug, usually pentobarbital or thiopental. Barbiturate comas are used to protect the brain during major surgery, and as a last line of treatment in certain cases of status epilepticus that have not responded to other treatments.
Induced consumption Induced consumption is a term used to describe consumption expenditure by households on goods and services which varies with income. Such consumption is considered induced by income when expenditure on these consumables varies as income changes.
Induced demand Induced demand is the phenomenon that after supply increases, more of a good is consumed. This is entirely consistent with the economic theory of supply and demand; however, this idea has become important in the debate over the expansion of transportation systems, and is often used as an argument against widening roads, such as major commuter roads.
Induced gamma emission In physics, induced gamma emission (IGE) refers to the process of fluorescent emission of gamma rays from excited nuclei, or from nuclear isomers. It is an analog of conventional fluorescence, which is defined in terms of photons of light and excited states of atoms or molecules.
Induced metric In mathematics and theoretical physics, the induced metric is the metric tensor defined on a submanifold which is calculated from the metric tensor on a larger manifold into which the submanifold is embedded. It may be calculated using the following formula:
Induced path In the mathematical area of graph theory, an induced path in an undirected graph G is a path that is an induced subgraph of G. That is, it is a sequence of vertices in G such that each two adjacent vertices in the sequence are connected by an edge in G, and each two nonadjacent vertices in the sequence are not connected by any edge in G.
Induced representation In mathematics, and in particular group representation theory, the induced representation is one of the major general operations for passing from a representation of a subgroup H to a representation of the (whole) group G itself. It was initially defined as a construction by Frobenius, for linear representations of finite groups.
Inducement rule The inducement rule is a test a United States court can use to determine whether liability for copyright infringement committed by third parties could be assigned to the distributor of the device used to commit infringement.
Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act The Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act, often abbreviated to just INDUCE Act, is a bill introduced in the United States Senate which targets "whoever intentionally induces any violation" of copyright. The name came from an earlier version named the "Inducement Devolves into Unlawful Child Exploitation Act.
Inductees of Canada's Walk of Fame This is a list of inductees of Canada's Walk of Fame. First started in 1998, Canada's Walk of Fame recognizes the achievements and accomplishments of successful Canadians, including actors, directors, athletes, coaches, producers, singers, musicians, dancers, authors and artists.
Induction (play) An Induction in a play is an explanatory scene or other intrusion that stands outside and apart from the main action with the intent to comment on it, moralize about it or in the case of dumb show to summarize the plot or underscore what is afoot. Inductions are a common feature of plays written and performed in the Renaissance period, including those of Shakespeare.
Induction coil An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as a Ruhmkorff coil) is a type of disruptive discharge coil. It is a passive electrical device used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage DC supply.
Induction cut An induction cut is the shortest possible hairstyle without shaving the head with a razor. The style is so named as it is traditionally the first haircut given to new male recruits during initial entry into many of the world's armed forces.
Induction furnace An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of a conductive medium (usually a metal) in a crucible around which water-cooled magnetic coils are wound. The advantage of the induction furnace is a clean, energy-efficient and well-controllable melting process compared to most other means of metal melting.
Induction hardening Induction Hardening is form of heat treatment in which a metal part is heated inductively and then quenched. The quenched metal undergoes a martensitic transformation, increasing the hardness and brittleness of the part.
Induction heating Induction heating is the process of heating a metal object by electromagnetic induction, where eddy currents are generated within the metal and resistance leads to Joule heating of the metal. An induction heater (for any process) consists of an electromagnet, through which a high-frequency AC is passed.
Induction puzzles Induction Puzzles are Logic puzzles which are solved via the application of the principle of induction. In most cases, the puzzle's scenario will involve several participants with reasoning capability (typically people) and the solution to the puzzle will be based on identifying what would happen in an obvious case, and then repeating the reasoning that: "as soon as one of the participants realises that the obvious case has not happened, they can eliminate it from their reasoning, so creating a new obvious case".
Inductionism Inductionism is the scientific philosophy where laws are "induced" from sets of data. As an example, one might measure the strength of electrical forces at varying distances from charges and induce the inverse square law of electrostatics.
Inductive bias Informally speaking, the inductive bias of a machine learning algorithm refers to additional assumptions that the learner will use to predict correct outputs for situations that have not been encountered so far.
Inductive coupling In electronics, inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one circuit component to another through a shared magnetic field. A change in current flow through one device induces current flow in the other device.
Inductive dimension In the mathematical field of topology, the inductive dimension of a topological space X is either of two values, the small inductive dimension ind(X) or the large inductive dimension Ind(X). These are based on the observation that, in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, (n − 1)-dimensional spheres (that is, the boundaries of n-dimensional balls) have dimension n − 1.
Inductive effect The Inductive effect in chemistry is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule by electrostatic induction (IUPAC definition). The net polar effect exerted by a substituent is a combination of this inductive effect and the mesomeric effect.
Inductive charging Inductive charging is a way to recharge portable electronics batteries without plugging in any cords. It generally charges too slowly and generates too much heat for portable electronics, though it is common in electric toothbrushes and some wet/dry electric shavers.
Inductive logic programming Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a machine learning approach which uses techniques of logic programming. From a database of facts and expected results, which are divided into positive and negative examples, an ILP system tries to derive a logic program that proves all the positive and none of the negative examples.
Inductive output tube The inductive output tube or IOT is a variety of vacuum tube which evolved in the 1980s to meet increasing efficiency requirements for high-power RF amplifiers. The primary commercial use of IOTs is in UHF television transmitters, where they have mostly replaced klystrons because of their higher efficiencies (35% to 40%) and smaller size.
Inductive reasoning Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion but do not ensure it. It is used to ascribe properties or relations to types based on tokens (i.
Inductive reasoning aptitude Inductive reasoning is a measurable aptitude for how well a person can identify a pattern within a large amount of data. Measurement is generally done in a timed test by showing four pictures or words and asking the test taker to identify which of the pictures or words does not belong in the set.
Inductive set In descriptive set theory, an inductive set of real numbers (or more generally, an inductive subset of a Polish space) is one that can be defined as the least fixed point of a monotone operation definable by a positive ÎŁ1n formula, for some natural number n, together with a real parameter.
Inductive transfer Inductive transfer (also called transfer learning and other terms) is the retention and application of knowledge learned about some tasks to efficiently learn a new task. While all learning involves generalization across problem instances, transfer learning emphasizes the transfer of knowledge across domains, tasks, and distributions that are similar but not the same.
Inductivism In the philosophy of science inductivism exists both in a classical naive version, which has been highly influential, and in various more sophisticated versions. The naive version, which can be traced back to Hippocrates and to thinkers such as David Hume says that general statements (theories) have to be based on empirical observations, which are subsequently generalized into statements which can either be regarded as true or probably true.
Inductrack Inductrack is a completely passive, fail-safe magnetic levitation system, using only unpowered loops of wire in the track and permanent magnets (arranged into Halbach arrays) on the vehicle to achieve magnetic levitation. The track can be in one of two configurations, a "ladder track" and a "laminated track".
Indulines Indulines are a series of dyestuffs of blue, bluish-red or black shades, formed by the interaction of para-amino azo compounds with primary monoamines in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid. They were first discovered in 1863 by J.
Indult An indult is a permission, or privilege, granted by the compent church authority – the Holy See or the diocesan bishop, as the case may be – for an exception from a particular norm of church law in an individual case,Pontifical Indults for example, members of the consecrated life seeking to be dispensed from their religious vows.canon 692.
Indult Catholic Indult Catholics is a term used to denote Roman Catholics who prefer to attend the Latin-language Tridentine rite of Mass as used prior to 1969 rather than the standard present-day form of the liturgy. Unlike other Catholics who share this preference, they attend only celebrations of the Tridentine rite which have the approval of the Church authorities.
Indus Highway In 1988, the Government of Pakistan announced the construction of the Indus Highway (N55) of total length 1,250 km, designated to provide a shorter alternative to the existing National Highway N5 of 1,650 km linking Karachi with Peshawar via Lahore. Besides reducing the distance and lessening the pressure on the traffic on National Highway N5, the Indus Highway would be instrumental in bringing socio-economic progress to less developed areas which lie in the path of the proposed new highway.
Indus Motors Company The Indus Motor Company Limited (IMC) is a joint venture between the House of Habib , Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 1, 1990. Indus Motor Company is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Limited vehicles in Pakistan.
Indus River Delta The Indus River Delta occurs where the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea in Sindh. The delta covers an area of about 16,000 square miles (41,440 km²), and is approximately 130 miles across where it meets the sea.
Indus script The term Indus script (Harappan script) refers to short strings of symbols associated with the Harappan civilization (Indus Valley Civilization—most of the Indus sites are distributed in present day Pakistan and North West India) used between 2600–1900 BC. In spite of many attempts at decipherments and claims, it is as yet undeciphered.
Indus TV INDUS is a Pakistani satellite television network offered for international subscribers by the Indus Media Group. Indus offers a combination of the best programming from the popular channels: Indus Vision, Indus Music also known as MTV Pakistan, Indus Plus and Indus News.
Indus Valley Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1700 BC, flowered 2600–1900 BCE), abbreviated IVC, was an ancient riverine civilization that flourished in the Indus and the Ghagger-Hakra river valleys in what is now Pakistan and north-west India.
Indus Valley Desert The Indus Valley Desert is a desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan. The Indus Valley desert covers an area of 19,500 square kilometers (7,500 square miles) in northwestern Punjab Province, lying between the Chenab and Indus rivers.
Indus Valley Institute of Art and Architecture Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture is a not-for-profit degree awarding institution in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan The college was established in 1989, by a group of professional architects, designers and artists.It was granted an independent charter by the Government of Sindh in June 1994, thereby empowering it to award its own degrees,and was the fourth private institution of higher learning in Pakistan to be given a university status.
Indus Vision Indus Vision is a satellite channel operating in Pakistan. It operates as a 24-hour entertainment channel, comprises of a strong lineup of Urdu programming that includes dramas, sitcoms, entertainment & magazine shows, cooking shows, fashion shows, talk shows, television films, cartoons, and more.
Indus Waters Treaty The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between India and Pakistan. The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the then President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan.
Indus-Yarlung suture zone The Indus-Yarlung suture zone defines the zone of collision between the Indian plate and Asia. It consists of series of rock bands, including deep sea sediments and oceanic basalts, rocks from volcanic arcs, and mantle rocks.
Industrial action Industrial action (UK) or job action (US) refers collectively to any measure taken by trade unions or other organised labour meant to reduce productivity in a workplace. Quite often it is used and interpreted, mistakenly, as a euphemism for strike, but the scope is much wider.
Industrial agriculture Industrial agriculture, also known as factory farming, refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. The methods employed are geared toward making use of economies of scale to produce the highest output at the lowest cost.
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia), or more commonly known as ICBC (Asia) (Traditional Chinese: 中國工商銀行(亞洲), 工銀亞洲) is a licensed bank incorporated in Hong Kong. It is a subsidiary of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Industrial and Labor Relations Review Industrial and Labor Relations Review is a publication of the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. It is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research on all aspects of labor relations.
Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets Industrial and multiphase plugs and sockets provide a connection to the electrical mains in situations where normal plugs and sockets are in some way inadequate. They are generally used because more than two current carrying conductors, high currents and/or protection from environmental hazards (particularly water) are required.
Industrial and organizational psychology Industrial and organizational psychology (also known as I/O psychology, work psychology, work and organisational psychology, W-O psychology, occupational psychology, or personnel psychology) concerns the application of psychological theories, research methods, and intervention strategies to workplace issues. I/O psychologists are interested in making organizations more productive while ensuring workers are able to lead physically and psychologically healthy lives.
Industrial and provident society An Industrial and Provident Society (IPS) is a legal form for trading businesses in the United Kingdom. IPSs are regulated by the Financial Services Authority, which took the job over from the Registrar of Friendly Societies (both being supervised by the Treasury).
Industrial and Provident Society An Industrial and Provident Society (IPS) is a legal entity for a trading business or voluntary organisation in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland. It is used for organisations such as various forms of co-operatives, some social enterprises, mutual investment companies, friendly societies and housing associations.
Industrial and Railway Employees Trade Union The Industrial and Railway Employees Trade Union was a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago that merged in 1957 with the Government Farm and Nursery Workers Trade Union and the Works and Hydraulics Industrial Workers Union to form the National Union of Government Employees
Industrial applicability In patent law, industrial applicability or industrial application is a patentability requirement according to which a patent can only be granted for an invention which is susceptible of industrial application, i.e.
Industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology, like other branches of archaeology, is the study of material culture from the past, but with a focus on industry. Strictly speaking, industrial archaeology includes sites from the earliest times (such as prehistoric copper mining in the British Peak District) to the most recent (such as coal mining sites in the UK closed in the 1980s).
Industrial archaeology of Dartmoor The industrial archaeology of Dartmoor covers a number of the industries which have, over the ages, occurred on Dartmoor, and the remaining evidence surrounding them. Currently only a few industries are economically significant, yet all three will inevitably leave their own traces on the moor: china clay mining, farming and tourism.
Industrial arts Industrial arts is an umbrella term used in the late 20th century to describe an educational program which featured fabrication of objects in wood and/or metal using a variety of hand, power, or machine tools. Many also cover topics such as small engine repair and automobile maintenance.
Industrial Areas Foundation The Industrial Areas Foundation is a Chicago-based community organization established in 1940 by Saul Alinsky. Its first board of directors included Catholic bishop Bernard Sheil, Kathryn Lewis (daughter of coal miners union leader John L.
Industrial Arts Club An industrial arts club is an organization that promotes the use of industrial fabrication equipment by the general public. Clubs have grown out of the decline of industrial arts (aka shop class) programs in comprehensive school systems in the US.
Industrial biotechnology Industrial biotechnology (also known as white biotechnology) is the practice of using cells or components of cells like enzymes to generate industrially-useful products. The Economist speculated (as cited in the Economist article listed in the "References" section) industrial biotechnology might significantly impact the chemical industry.
Industrial Bank of Kuwait The Industrial Bank of Kuwait was established in 1973 in the State of Kuwait by the Ministry of Finance, Central Bank of Kuwait and other large local industrial firms. Their primary objective is to nurish the local industry.
Industrial Building Apartments The Industrial Building Apartments is a high-rise apartment building located at 1410 Washington Boulevard, standing at the corner of Washington Blvd. and West Grand River Avenue in downtown Detroit, Michigan, United States.
Industrial Canal Lock The Inner Harbor Navigation Canal Lock—commonly known as Industrial Canal Lock or simply Industrial Lock—is a navigation lock in New Orleans. It connects the Lower Mississippi River to the Industrial Canal and other sea-level waterways.
Industrial Commission The Industrial Commission was a United States government body in existence from 1898 to 1902. It was appointed by President William McKinley to investigate railroad pricing policy, industrial concentration, and the impact of immigration on labor markets, and make recommendations to the President and Congress.
Industrial Control Systems Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that encompasses several types of control systems, including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other smaller control system configurations such as skid-mounted Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) often found in the industrial sectors and critical infrastructures.
Industrial data processing Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instruments, etc). The products concerned contain at least one microprocessor or microcontroller, as well as couplers (for I/O).
Industrial deconcentration Industrial deconcentration is a socio-economic term used to describe the movement of industrial zones (factories) away from the center of the city, and further away from each other. It is similar to suburbanization, a trend in which a large number of the population move away from the metropolis as the city becomes overcrowded.
Industrial democracy Industrial Democracy is an economic arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace. Although industrial democracy generally refers to the organization model in which workplaces are run directly by the people who work in them in place of private or state ownership of the means of production, there are also representative forms of industrial democracy.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.