Encyclopedia

Insensitive munitions Insensitive munitions are munitions which reliably fulfil their performance, readiness and operational requirements on demand, but which minimise the probability of inadvertent initiation and severity of subsequent collateral damage to weapon platforms, logistic systems and personnel when subjected to unintentional stimuli.
Inseparable differential equation In mathematics, an inseparable differential equation is an ordinary differential equation that cannot be solved by using separation of variables. To solve an inseparable differential equation one can employ a number of other methods, like the Laplace transform, substitution, etc.
Insert (advertising) In advertising, an insert is a separate advertisement put in a magazine, newspaper, or other publication. They are usually the main source of income for non-subscription local newspapers and other publications.
Insert (band) <Insert> is a Canadian progressive metal band from North Vancouver, British Columbia. A distinctive aspect of the group is that their lead singer plays the violin in several of their songs, adding a unique flair to their music.
Insert (effects processing) In effects processing and sound reinforcement, an insert is a tip-ring-sleeve connector on the back of a sound board, used for creating a loop through an effects processor. When the plug is inserted into the jack, an internal switch reroutes the incoming signal out to the external device.
Insert (film) In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot. Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing.
Insert Knob A in Hole B Insert Knob A in Hole B is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was first published in the December 1957 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1969 collection Nightfall and Other Stories.
Insertion device An insertion device is a part of a synchrotron which produces highly-brilliant, forward-directed and quasi-monochromatic synchrotron radiation. The name comes from the fact that these are devices which are inserted into a straight section of a synchrotron or a storage ring.
Insertion gain In telecommunication, insertion gain is the gain resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line, expressed as the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the line following the device to the signal power delivered to that same part before insertion.
Insertion loss In telecommunications, insertion loss is the decrease in transmitted signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber. It is usually expressed relative to the signal power delivered to that same part before insertion.
Insertion sequence An insertion sequence (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element. Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500 bp in length) and only code for proteins implicated in the transposition activity (they are thus different from transposons, which also carry accessory genes such as antibiotic resistance genes).
Insertion sort Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm, a comparison sort in which the sorted array (or list) is built one entry at a time. It is much less efficient on large lists than the more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort, but it has various advantages:
Insertion time The term insertion time is used to describe the length of time which is required to rearrange a subcritical mass of fissile material into a critical mass. This is one of the three main requirements in a nuclear weapon design to create a working fission atomic bomb.
Inservice Program An Inservice Program is a professional lecture, where professionals discuss research and cases involving their work for others in their peer group. It is a key component of medical education for Physicians, Pharmacists, and other professionals.
Insex Insex was one of the biggest BDSM pornography websites on the Internet and arguably the most extreme pornographic production featuring female submissives. It existed from 1997 to 2005 and was run by "Intersec Interactive Inc.
Insh Marshes Insh Marshes are 10 square kilometres of the River Spey floodplain between Kingussie and Kincraig in Badenoch and Strathspey, Highland, Scotland. They are said to be one of the most important wetlands in Europe.
Insha'Allah () is an Arabic term evoked by Arabic speakers to indicate hope for an aforementioned event to occur in the future. The phrase translates into English as "God willing" or "If it is God's will".
Inshore lizardfish Inshore Lizardfish - (Synodus foetens) Inshore Lizardfish inhabit the shallow sand and mud bottoms of the inshore waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean. There range extends from Massachusetts to Brazil including the Gulf of Mexico.
Insch War Memorial Hospital Insch War Memorial Hospital is a small community hospital with 13 medical and 2 obstetric beds, serving Insch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland and the surrounding area. It has a small Casualty department and a hospital day-care service 4 days every week.
Inside 2 stoopid triangles Formed with the sole intention of pissing people off, Inside 2 Stoopid Triangles was a Nepalese punk rock band from Kathmandu formed in early-2002 from the ashes of bands such as Malai Dogle Tokyo (rough translation: The Dog Bit Me) and 5th Grade Dropout. The early lineup of the band consisted of Anil on drums, Sushil on bass and Vishal on guitar, with all of them pitching in on vocals.
Inside Albany Inside Albany is a weekly half-hour public affairs television program airing on public television stations in New York State. Unlike its sister newsweekly TV program New York Week in Review, Inside Albany airs every week and did not go on hiatus in the summer or during the Christmas season when the state legislature is not in session.
Inside baseball Inside baseball is a colloquial term in American English referring to "behind-the-scenes" conversations or dialog that the average member of the public would have no way of being privy to. This term has its origins in the work of Bill James a sportswriter who eschewed the use of insider perspective as a mean to analyze the game of baseball.
Inside Björk Inside Björk is a DVD documenting career of Björk, from her early work in Icelandic bands, to joining The Sugarcubes to her solo work up to 2002. The documentary gives viewers a personal view into her private thoughts, views and motivations.
Inside director An inside director is a member of the Board of Directors of a corporation who is also a member of the corporation's management, almost always a corporate officer. For example, a Chief Executive Officer who is also Chairman of the Board would be considered an inside director.
Inside Film Awards The Inside Film Awards (often abbreviated to IF Awards) is an annual awards ceremony for the Australian film industry, organised by Inside Film magazine. The awards are determined by a national audience poll, which differentiates it from the Australian Film Institute Awards, which are judged by industry professionals.
Inside job The term inside job colloquially refers to a crime, usually larceny or embezzlement, committed by a person with a position of trust who is authorized to access a location or procedure with little or no supervision, e.g.
Inside Job (novel) Inside Job by Connie Willis was published as a novella in Asimov's Science Fiction magazine, January 2005 issue. In the story, a debunker of pseudoscience encounters a fake medium who seems to be genuinely channelling the disruptive spirit of H.
Inside lag In economics, an inside lag (an inside recognition and decision lag) is the amount of time it takes for a government or a central bank to respond to a shock in the economy. Its converse is outside lag (the amount of time before an action by a government or a central back affects an economy).
Inside NBS Inside NBS was a spinoff to NASCAR Inside Nextel Cup, and aired on SPEED Channel. Like its Inside Cup counterpart, which focused on the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, the show focused primarily the NASCAR Busch Series, and, like Inside Cup, was hosted by Allen Bestwick, and used a 3-driver expert panel to analyze news and recent Busch Series action.
Inside Out (song) Inside Out was a pop/rock song released with Phil Collins most successful album No Jacket Required. The song centers around every telling one person (Phil Collins) controlling him and telling him what to do, taking things away from the person and Collins singing off of the centering plot of the song.
Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd Inside Out, published on October 28, 2004 in the United Kingdom, is Nick Mason's personal history of Pink Floyd. The book marks the first time that a group member has written a recollection of their experiences of life in the band.
Inside Outside (novel) Inside Outside is an American fantasy novel written by Philip José Farmer. Originally released in 1964, the novel explores the question of what happens before souls inhabit human bodies, and how they are created.
Inside Passage The Inside Passage of the Alaska Panhandle and coastal British Columbia is a coastal route for oceangoing vessels along a series of passages between the mainland and the coastal islands. Ships using the route can avoid some of the bad weather in the open ocean, and visit the many isolated communities along the route.
Inside Recordings Inside Recordings is a Los Angeles, California based independent record label founded by singer-songwriter Jackson Browne in 1999. Browne has stated that the mission of the label is to "create a haven for music that might not find a home in the mainstream.
Inside Sport Inside Sport is an Australian magazine, self described as "Australia's most respected sports magazine. The editorial team strives to combine thoughtful, hard-hitting and in-depth feature writing with lighter, more irreverent and bite-sized sporting tidbits for every sporting palate.
Inside the Beltway "Inside the Beltway" is a phrase used to characterize parts of the real or imagined American political system. It refers to the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495), a beltway that encircles Washington, D.
Inside the Computer Are All of My Feelings Inside the Computer Are All of My Feelings is a 2000 album by Ten in the Swear Jar. It is their second effort, and was originally released on clear 12" vinyl that plays from the inside-out (album must be played "backwards" to be coherent) with a comic book.
Inside the Hollow Inside the Hollow is the second album from Canadian all-girl rock band Lillix, released in Canada on 29 August 2006 and Japan on 6 September 2006. It is scheduled for release in Europe and the United States on 1 January 2007.
Inside the Magic Inside the Magic is an Orlando, Florida-based podcast hosted by Ricky Brigante (though he sometimes goes by Richard). The weekly program covers current and historical events at all Disney theme parks, with an emphasis on Walt Disney World Resort in Florida.
Inside the NFL Inside the NFL is a weekly sports show that focuses on the National Football League and currently airs on the HBO cable network starting the first week of NFL season until the week after the Super Bowl. It is presently hosted by Bob Costas with former players Dan Marino, Cris Collinsworth, and Cris Carter serving as co-hosts.
Inside the Soviet Army Inside The Soviet Army (ISBN 0-241-10889-6; Hamish Hamilton, 1982; also published in the United States, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-02-615500-1), a book by Viktor Suvorov, describes the general organisation, doctrine, and strategy of the Soviet armed forces (the term “Army” being used to cover not only the Land Forces, but also Strategic Rocket, Air Defence, Air, and Naval forces).
Inside the Third Reich Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Hitler's main architect before this period. It is considered to be one of the most in-depth descriptions of the workings and leaders of Nazi Germany, but is highly controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and his alleged personal involvement with them.
Inside Washington Inside Washington is a political roundtable show hosted by WJLA news anchor and chief political reporter Gordon Peterson. It is produced by Allbritton, owner of WJLA, and distributed to PBS stations nationwide.
Inside Your Heaven "Inside Your Heaven" is a song written by Andres Carlsson, Pelle Nyhlén, Savan Kotecha and produced by Desmond Child. Two versions of the song were released as singles in 2005 (see 2005 in music): one by American Idol winner Carrie Underwood, and another by Idol runner-up Bo Bice.
Inside, Outside Inside, Outside is a 1985 Herman Wouk novel telling the story of four generations of a Russian Jewish family and its travails in Russia and America. The book is a first person (and somewhat autobiographical) narrative told from the viewpoint of Israel David Goodkind, the third of the four generations in the book.
Inside/outside The inside/outside model of political reform is the method being used by the Progressive Democrats of America to change the Democratic Party but also foster a broad grass-roots progressive social and political movement.
InsideOut Music InsideOut (or Inside Out) is an independent record label company, specializing in the progressive rock and progressive metal genres. It was founded in Germany and has since expanded to Europe, then partnered in the U.
Insider An insider is a member of any group of people of limited number and generally restricted access. The term is used in the context of secret, privileged, hidden or otherwise esoteric information or knowledge: an insider is a "member of the gang" and as such knows things only people in the gang know.
Insiders (TV series) Insiders analyses and discusses Australian politics with the use of a panel of political journalists and columnists and interviews with prominent politicians and commentators. Broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on Sunday mornings at 9 am, the show also features many regular commentators from various Australian media outlets and think tanks.
Insieme: 1992 "Insieme: 1992" (English translation: "Together: 1992") was the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 performed in Italian by Toto Cutugno for Italy, that country's second and final (to date) victory in the Contest.
Insight (magazine) The American Internet newsmagazine Insight (more fully, Insight on the News), is published by The Washington Times Corporation. It was founded to be a sister publication to The Washington Times newspaper, in the mold of Newsweeks relationship with The Washington Post, as a conservative alternative to Newsweek, Time, and U.
Insight Meditation Society The Insight Meditation Society is a Buddhist organization located in Barre, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1975 by Jack Kornfield, Sharon Salzberg, and Joseph Goldstein, and is rooted in the Theravada tradition.
Insight on the Scriptures Insight on the Scriptures is a hard cover two-volume Biblical reference work, published by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania in 1988. Both volumes are 1,280 pages long, with volume 1 covering topics Aaron to Jehoshua, and volume 2 covering Jehovah through Zuzim.
Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit The Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) is an open-source software system to support the Visible Human Project. Currently under active development, ITK employs leading-edge segmentation and registration algorithms in two, three, and more dimensions.
Insight Venture Partners Insight Venture Partners is an expansion-stage venture capital and private equity firm in the United States, operating offices in New York City and Boston, specializing exclusively in internet, software, digital media, and technology services companies. Insight invests in entrepreneurial companies developing technology-based solutions for the corporate enterprise.
Insignia Insignia (the plural of Latin insigne: emblem, symbol) is a symbol or token of personal power, status or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction. Insignia are especially used as an emblem of a specific or general authority.
Insignificance (film) Insignificance is a 1985 motion picture drama/comedy directed by Nicolas Roeg, produced by Jeremy Thomas and Alexander Stuart, and adapted by Terry Johnson from his play. The film is set in a hotel in 1954, and follows four characters who bear a striking resemblance to iconic figures of the era; Marilyn Monroe, Joseph McCarthy, Joe di Maggio and Albert Einstein.
Insilicos Insilicos is a life science software company founded in 2002 by Erik Nilsson, Brian Pratt and Bryan Prazen. Insilicos combines scientific excellence with extensive experience in scientific computing software to provide software for disease diagnoses.
Insilicos Proteomics Pipeline Insilicos Proteomics Pipeline (IPP) is a commercial version of the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline, a set of open-source proteomics tools developed by the lab of Ruedi Aebersold at the Institute for Systems Biology. IPP is distributed by Insilicos.
Insinööri (amk) Insinööri (amk), 'amk' short for ammattikorkeakoulu, is a 4 -year (240 ECTS) engineering degree, given by an institution roughly corresponding to a community college (called "University of Applied Sciences" and comparable to the German Fachhochschule). In the Finnish system, it is not considered a lower university degree, so it is not accepted in full instead of a university B.
Insite Insite is the first legal supervised safe injection site in North America, located at 139 East Hastings Street, in the troubled Downtown Eastside neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia. The site provides a clean, safe location for injection drug use, primarily heroin, cocaine, and morphine.
Insolia Insolia is a component in the design of the high-heeled shoe designed by New Hampshire podiatrist Dr. Howard Dananberg It reduces the pain associated with wearing high-heeled shoes by adjusting weight] distribution back toward the heel through altering the geometry of the insole, rather than with padding.
Insolvency Insolvency is a financial condition experienced by a person or business entity when their assets no longer exceed their liabilities, commonly referred to as 'balance-sheet' insolvency, or when the person or entity can no longer meet its debt obligations when they come due, commonly referred to as 'cash-flow' insolvency. The term is often incorrectly used as a synonym for bankruptcy, which is a distinct concept, except in Germany.
Insolvency Act 1986 The Insolvency Act 1986 is the statutory legislation that provides the legal platform for all matters relating to personal and corporate insolvency in the UK. Elements of the act have been updated by the Enterprise Act 2002 which came into enforcement on April 1st 2004.
Insomnia (2002 film) Insomnia is a 2002 American remake of a 1997 Norwegian film about a police officer investigating a murder above the Arctic Circle and suffering insomnia due to the midnight sun and his guilt over past and present misdeeds. The film was directed by Christopher Nolan (fresh from the success of his previous film, Memento) and starred Al Pacino, Robin Williams and Hilary Swank.
Insomniac with Dave Attell Insomniac with Dave Attell is a television show on Comedy Central hosted by comedian Dave Attell which ran from August 5, 2001 until November 11, 2004. In the typical Insomniac, Attell goes through a particular city at night, starting out with a minute or so of his performance at a comedy club and then going to various bars, landmarks, clubs, etc.
Insourcing Insourcing is the opposite of outsourcing; that is insourcing (or contracting in) is often defined as the delegation of operations or jobs from production within a business to an internal (but 'stand-alone') entity (such as a subcontractor) that specializes in that operation. Insourcing is a business decision that is often made to maintain control of certain critical production or competencies.
Inspection locomotive An inspection locomotive was a special type of steam locomotive designed to carry railroad officials on inspection tours of the railroad property. They were fitted with passenger car-like bodywork and seating.
Inspector Andrew Monroe Inspector Andrew Monroe was a character in the long-running television series The Bill. Monroe had an unusual background for a superior officer in the police force; a working class man who had worked as a miner and had very little formal education.
Inspector Bradstreet Inspector Bradstreet is a fictional Scotland Yard detective from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes series. He appears in three short stories: The Man With the Twisted Lip, The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle and The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb.
Inspector Clouseau Inspector Jacques Clouseau (later chief inspector) is a fictional detective in Blake Edwards's Pink Panther series. In most of the films, he was played by Peter Sellers (whose interpretation of the detective is generally considered by fans and critics to be the definitive one), with one film in which he was played by Alan Arkin and one in which he was played by an uncredited Roger Moore.
Inspector Clouseau (1968 film) Inspector Clouseau is a 1968 United Artists feature film, the third in the popular Pink Panther movie series. It was directed by Bud Yorkin, written by Frank Waldman and Tom Waldman and starred Alan Arkin, who replaced Peter Sellers.
Inspector Cramer Inspector Fergus Cramer of the New York Police Department is Nero Wolfe's main foil in the Nero Wolfe mystery series by Rex Stout. Though he hates Wolfe's attitude, snobbishness, and all-around love of showing off, he has a good bit of respect for the detective's ability to solve mysteries.
Inspector Gadget 2 Inspector Gadget 2 is a Walt Disney Pictures film released directly to VHS and DVD in March of 2003. It was based upon the Inspector Gadget cartoons created by DiC Entertainment, and is a direct-to-video sequel to the 1999 Disney film Inspector Gadget.
Inspector Gadget spinoff incarnations Since the cancellation of the original DiC animated television series, Inspector Gadget, in 1986, there have been many attempts to recapture its popularity. These attempts have included the same characters and premises, to using completely different characters in completely different premises.
Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas is a Christmas television special, featuring characters from the animated television series Inspector Gadget. The special was produced by DiC Entertainment and LBS Communications, Inc.
Inspector Gadget's Field Trip Inspector Gadget's Field Trip is a spin-off incarnation of Inspector Gadget, produced by DiC Entertainment, and aired from 1996 to 1998, with over 26 episodes with live-action sequences produced. Don Adams returns as the voice of Inspector Gadget.
Inspector General of Flight Safety An Inspector General of Flight Safety, also known as Director General (Inspection and Safety) [DG I&S] is an Air Marshal in rank and is one of the Principal Staff Officers of Air Headquarters. He is responsible to the CAS for Inspection of Air Force Bases, Flight Safety and Quality Assurance of Air Force Stores.
Inspector General of Police An Inspector General of Police is a high ranking police officer of the Indian Police Service or Royal Malaysian Police (Polis Di-Raja Malaysia) cadre. He is usually in charge of an administrative police zone in a state.
Inspector General of the Bundeswehr The Inspector General of the Bundeswehr (German: Generalinspekteur der Bundeswehr (GenInspBw)) is the highest-ranking military post in the German Federal Armed Forces. Normally in the rank of a (four-star) General or Admiral, he heads the Führungsstab der Streitkräfte (Command Staff of the Armed Forces) and is the direct military advisor to the Federal Minister of Defence and his ministry.
Inspector Horse and Jocky Inspector Horse and Jocky was a comic strip in the UK comic The Beano, drawn by Terry Bave. Rather surreally, the main character was a horse who was also a plainclothes inspector, catching criminals and the like.
Inspector Lestrade Inspector Lestrade is a Scotland Yard detective appearing in several of the Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle used the name (originally pronounced in the French way: "less-TRAHD") of an acquaintance from his days at the University of Edinburgh, a St.
Inspector Morse Detective Chief Inspector Endeavour Morse is a fictional character, who features in a series of thirteen detective novels by British author Colin Dexter, though he is better known for the 33 episode TV series produced by Central Independent Television from 1987–2000, in which he was portrayed by John Thaw. Morse is a senior CID (Criminal Investigation Department) officer with the Thames Valley Police in Oxford, England.
Inspector Palmu Inspector Palmu, depicted as "a gruff detective of the Helsinki police department" is one of the most most popular characters created by Finnish writer Mika Waltari (who is, however, better known outside Finland for his historical novels).
Inspector Rebus The Inspector Rebus books are a series of detective novels by the Scottish author Ian Rankin. The novels, centred around the title character Detective Inspector John Rebus, are mostly based in and around Edinburgh.
Inspector Sands Inspector Sands is a code phrase used by public transport authorities in London. The phrase is used in public address announcements in public places to alert authorities to a potential emergency, and possibly its location, without causing panic amongst members of the public by explicitly mentioning its nature.
Inspector Wexford Chief Inspector Reginald 'Reg' Wexford is the popular fictional character created by novelist Ruth Rendell, and is protagonist of 20 of her bestselling novels. Wexford (and Rendell) debuted in 1964 with the publication of From Doon With Death.
Inspectorate General of Aviation The Inspectorate-General of Army Aviation or Inspectorate General of Aviation (Kogun Koku Sokambu) as section of Army Aeronautical Department why charged of planning and supervision of the training of flying and air maintenance personnel.
Inspectorate General of Military Training The Inspectorate General of Military Training was responsible for all non-aviation training of the Imperial Japanese Army. It was headed by an Inspector general who was responsible for the technical and tactical training of the separate arms of service (except aviation) and of the other services not directly under the Ministry of War.
Inspektor Inspektor, Swedish for Inspector, is the largely honorary chairmanship of a student nations in Lund and Uppsala universities in Sweden. The Inspector has a supervisory role his/her nation and presides over most important functions.
Inspiral Carpets Greatest Hits Inspiral Carpets Greatest Hits is a compilation album by British band Inspiral Carpets. It was released in the latter part of 2003 and is is essentially the first cd from the Cool As box set issued earlier that same year.
Inspirational fiction Inspirational writing includes a personal philosophy that attempts to persuade the reader to incorporate into his or her own life. The writer of a piece of inspirational writing draws upon personal experiences of his own or of others.
Inspirationalists The Inspirationalists (The Community of True Inspiration) were a group of German Lutherans who settled in West Seneca, New York after purchasing land from an Indian reservation. They later moved to Amana, Iowa when they became dissatisfied with the congestion of Erie County and the growth of Buffalo, New York.
Inspirations for James Bond A number of real life inspirations have been suggested for James Bond, the sophisticated fictional character and British spy, created by Ian Fleming. Although the Bond stories were often fantasy driven, they did incorporate real places, some incidents and occasionally organisations such as SMERSH.
Inspirator An inspirator is a device, similar to a venturi tube and an orifice plate, which mixes a fuel gas with atmospheric air in a precise ratio to regulate burn characteristics. Only the pressure of the fuel gas is used to draw in and mix the air.
Inspire 06 Inspire is the annual techno-cultural extravaganza organized by ACES, the Division Of Computer Science, CUSAT Kochi, Kerala, India. The rhapsody involves emphatic participation from a myriad of students within and outside the realms of CUSAT.
Inspired by Bach Inspired by Bach, a Sony Classical and Rhombus Media production as part of Sony Classical celebrates Bach series, presents contemporary cellist Yo-Yo Ma performing the six Suites for Unaccompanied Cello by Johann Sebastian Bach in collaboration with artists from different disciplines, in a set of six films, respectively.
Inspired Cycle Engineering Inspired Cycle Engineering is an UK limited company. Based in Falmouth, Cornwall, they manufacture the Trice range of recumbent tricycles, originally designed by Peter Ross, but almost completely re-designed by ICE since 1999.
InspIRCd InspIRCd is a modular Internet Relay Chat daemon, written from scratch in C++. The project was started in 2002 and continues today, and is the one of the few IRC daemons written from scratch still under active development, rather than just maintenance.
Instabus Instabus, developed by Berker, Gira, Jung, Merten and Siemens AG, is a decentralized open system to manage and control electrical devices within a facility. There is about 120 European companies of electrical supplies using this communication protocol.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.