Encyclopedia

Integrated amplifier An integrated amplifier is an electronic device containing an audio preamplifier and amplifier in one unit, as opposed to separating the two. Most modern audio amplifiers are integrated and have several inputs for devices such as CD players, DVD players, and auxiliary sources.
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses.
Integrated circuit A monolithic integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, computer chip or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
Integrated circuit design Integrated circuit design, or IC design, is a subset of electrical engineering, encompassing the particular logic and circuit design techniques required to design integrated circuits, or ICs. ICs consist of miniaturized electronic components built into an electrical network on a monolithic semiconductor substrate by photolithography.
Integrated circuit development The integrated circuit (IC) development process is complex and arduous. The high level process for developing an integrated circuit starts with defining product requirements, progresses through architectural definition, implementation, bringup and finally productization.
Integrated circuit layout Integrated Circuit Layout, also known IC Layout or IC Mask Layout is the representation of an integrated circuit in terms of planar geometric shapes which correspond to the patterns of metal, oxide, or semiconductor layers that make up the components of the integrated circuit.
Integrated coastal zone management Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
Integrated Circuit Topography Act The Integrated Circuit Topography Act ("An Act to provide for the protection of integrated circuit topographies and to amend certain Acts in consequence thereof", C-37) is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1990 that regulates the intellectual property of integrated circuit topographies. It came into force in 1993.
Integrated Collaboration Environment Integrated Collaboration Environment (ICE) is defined as the environment in which a virtual team do their work. These environments allow companies to realize a number of competitive advantages by using their existing computers and network infrastructure for group and personal collaboration.
Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) was an initiative managed by the United States Air Force at the Wright-Patterson AFB Materials Laboratory, and was part of their Technology Modernization efforts, specifically the Computers in Manufacturing (CIM) initiative.
Integrated development environment An integrated development environment (IDE), also known as integrated design environment and integrated debugging environment, is a type of computer software that assists computer programmers in developing software.
Integrated Deepwater System Program The Integrated Deepwater System (IDS) Program is the largest acquisition program in the history of the United States Coast Guard. It includes upgrades to existing vessels and other assets of the USCG, new vessels ("platforms"), improved systems for command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (C4ISR), and new methods for providing logistics support.
Integrated Device Technology IDT () was founded in 1980 as a semiconductor vendor. Employing approximately 2500 people worldwide, headquartered in San Jose, California and operating a fab in Hillsboro, Oregon, the company both designs and fabricates semiconductor components.
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. iDEN places more users in a given spectral space, compared to analog cellular and two-way radio systems, by using speech compression and time division multiple access TDMA.
Integrated Digital Television An Integrated Digital Television ("IDTV" or "iDTV") set is a television set with a built in digital tuner, be it for DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C, ATSC or ISDB. Most of them also allow reception of analogue signals (PAL, SÉCAM or NTSC).
Integrated Diver Display Mask The Integrated Diver Display Mask (IDDM) is a diving mask which contains a small basic heads-up display that lets divers monitor depth, bottom time, tank pressures, and related information while leaving their hands free for other tasks.
Integrated electronic control centre The Integrated Electronic Control Centre (IECC) was developed in the late 1980s by the British Rail Research Division for UK-based railway signalling centres, although variations exist around the world. Up to 2005, an aggregate of 140 operational years of reliable service had been achieved overall.
Integrated Education The Integrated Education movement in Northern Ireland is an attempt to bring together children, parents and teachers from both Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions, the aim being to give pupils an education allowing the opportunity to understand and respect all cultural and religious backgrounds. The Northern Ireland Council for Integrated Education (NICIE), a voluntary organisation, promotes, develops and supports Integrated Education in Northern Ireland.
Integrated Encryption Scheme Integrated Encryption Scheme (IES) is a public-key encryption scheme which provides semantic security against an adversary who is allowed to use chosen-plaintext and chosen-ciphertext attacks. The scheme is based on Diffie-Hellman problem.
Integrated farming Integrated farming (or integrated agriculture) is a system of agricultural techniques developed in France in 1993 by FARRE (Forum de l'Agriculture Raisonnée Respecteuse l'Environnement). It is an attempt to reconcile agricultural methods with the principles of sustainable development, by balancing, in the words of FARRE, "food production, profitability, safety, animal welfare, social responsibility and environmental care.
Integrated Facility for Linux The Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) is an IBM mainframe processor dedicated to running the Linux operating system, with or without z/VM. IFLs are one of three types of mainframe processors expressly designed to reduce software costs.
Integrated governance Integrated governance is the process of ‘systems, processes and behaviours by which trusts lead, direct and control their functions in order to achieve organisational objectives, safety and quality of service and in which they relate to patients and carers, the wider community and partner organisations’ (From The Integrated Governance Handbook [http://www.dh.
Integrated Guided Missile Development Program The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) is an Indian program for the development of a comprehensive range of missiles, including: the intermediate range Agni missile (Surface to Surface), and short range missiles such as the Prithvi ballistic missile (Surface to Surface), Akash missile (Surface to Air), Trishul missile (Surface to Air) and Nag Missile (Anti Tank). Most of these missiles are in various stages of development and deployment.
Integrated Health Services, Pakistan Integrated Health Services (IHS) was established in 1996 with the objective of integrating health services in one system to provide healthcare that is not just quality based but reliable, affordable and covers all spectrums of the society, specially the corporate sector.
Integrated chain management Integrated Chain Management (ICM) is an approach for the reduction of environmental impact of product chains. Such a product chain exists out of an extraction phase, a production phase, an use phase and a waste phase.
Integrated injection logic Integrated Injection Logic (IIL, I2L, or I2L) is a class of digital circuits built with multiple collector bipolar junction transistors (BJT). When introduced it had speed comparable to TTL yet was almost as low power as CMOS, making it ideal for use in VLSI (and larger) integrated circuits.
Integrated Locking System (firearms) An integrated (or integral) locking system is a system built into the firearm by which the owner can lock the action via a proprietary key, theoretically preventing unauthorized use. There is currently a large debate of the effectiveness and potential hazards of such systems (should they fail and either render the gun completely inoperational OR fail to prevent the firearm's discharge).
Integrated Logistics Support Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) is the management process which facilitates development and integration of the 10 individual logistic support elements to specify, design, develop, acquire, test, field, and support systems. There are 10 ILS elements:
Integrated manufacturing database An integrated database system is a method used by small and large businesses which incorporates IT to help with processes in manufacturing. It updates stores and records information to enable a quick means of retrieval; some examples of this include, design technology (updates of concept ideas.
Integrated mathematics Integrated mathematics is a style of mathematics education which integrates many topics or strands of mathematics in a real-life context. Instead of presenting a series of classes in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and statistics in tracks for advanced, average, and remedial students, they are all combined into one curriculum.
Integrated Management Associates Integrated Management Associates is a publisher of books and articles from various writers, almost all concerning the philosophy of Neo-Tech. The company has published under a few Fictitious Business Names including Black & White Publishing, Neo-Tech Publishing, and Nouveau Tech Society.
Integrated Marketing Communications Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) A management concept that is designed to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation.
Integrated Media Systems Integrated Media Systems refer to the rapidly evolving electronics systems that seamlessly meld information across the broad range of interactive digital media. Such systems typically take advantage of enhanced sensory features such as video, audio and animation.
Integrated Modular Avionics Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) represent real-time computer network airborne systems. This network consist of a number of computing modules capable of supporting numerous applications of differing criticality levels.
Integrated Motor Assist Integrated Motor Assist (commonly abbreviated as IMA) is Honda's hybrid car technology, introduced in 1999 on the Insight. It uses an electric motor mounted between the engine and transmission to act as a starter motor, engine balancer, and assist traction motor.
Integrated nanoliter system In nanobiotechnology, an integrated nanoliter system is a device that automates a biological process using fluids on the nanoliter scale. Integrated nanoliter systems may be used for purifying or separating biomolecules.
Integrated National Security Enforcement Teams Integrated National Security Enforcement Teams (INSET; French: Équipes intégrées de la sécurité nationale, EISN) are Canadian counter-terrorist security forces operating under the auspices of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. These teams, formed in 2002 in response to the September 11 attacks with members from the RCMP, Canada Border Services Agency, Citizenship & Immigration Canada, CSIS, and various police forces at the municipal and provincial levels.
Integrated NATO Air Defense System Integrated NATO Air Defense System or INADS was the NATO response to the Russian development of long range bombers in the 1950s. The need to maintain a credible deterrence when early warning and intercept times were massively reduced led to the development of an improved air defense (AD) system.
Integrated optical circuit An integrated optical circuit is one or more circuits composed of solid-state optical components on a semiconductor or dielectric substrate. Components include light sources, optical filters, photodetectors, and thin-film optical waveguides.
Integrated Ocean Observing System The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a system of systems that routinely and continuously provides quality controlled data and information on current and future states of the oceans and Great Lakes from the global scale of ocean basins to local scales of coastal ecosystems. It is a multidisciplinary system designed to provide data in forms and at rates required by decision makers to address seven societal goals.
Integrated primary care Integrated primary care (abbreviated IPC) describes a clinical practice that combines behavioral and medical health services in a primary care setting, as advocated by the "biopsychosocial model" established in research into family medicine and psychiatry.
Integrated Pest Management In agriculture, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control strategy that uses an array of complementary methods: natural predators and parasites, pest-resistant varieties, cultural practices, biological controls, various physical techniques, and pesticides as a last resort. It is an ecological approach that can significantly reduce or eliminate the use of pesticides.
Integrated Programme The Integrated Programme, (abbreviation: IP) also known as through-train programme (直通车), is a scheme which allows the cream of secondary schools in Singapore to bypass the "O" levels and take the "A" levels, International Baccalaureate or an equivalent examination directly at the age of 18 after six years of secondary education.
Integrated Project Support Environment The Integrated Project Support Environment (IPSE) is a set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework, equivalent to a Software Engineering Environment.
Integrated Resort An Integrated Resort (IR) is a mixed-use development containing a casino. The term has also been used as a euphemism in Singapore to describe the casinos in particular, the opening casinos being a controversial issue among Singaporeans.
Integrated services In computer networking, IntServ or integrated services is an architecture that specifies the elements to guarantee quality of service (QoS) on networks. IntServ can for example be used to allow video and sound to reach the receiver without interruption.
Integrated Science and Technology Integrated Science and Technology (ISAT) is an academic program at James Madison University which combines studies of the natural sciences, mathematics, technology, the social sciences, and business into a single program. Heavy emphasis is placed on the use of computers as a problem solving tool, as well as a collaborative approach to problem solving.
Integrated Services Digital Network Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a circuit-switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds than that available with the PSTN system. More broadly, ISDN is a set of protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced call features for the user.
Integrated Support Command Kodiak Integrated Support Command Kodiak is the largest operating base of the United States Coast Guard, in Kodiak, Alaska. It includes Air Station Kodiak, LORAN Station Kodiak, and other units in the Coast Guard's Seventeenth District (Alaska).
Integrated test facility An integrated test facility (ITF) creates a fictitious entity in a database to process test transactions simultaneously with live input. It can be used to incorporate test transactions into a normal production run of a system.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the U.
Integrated Threat Assessment Centre The Integrated Threat Assessment Centre is a cooperative initiative (housed at CSIS) to facilitate intelligence information sharing and analysis within Canada's intelligence community and to first responders, such as law enforcement.
Integrated Transport Information System The Integrated Transport Information System (ITIS) is a traffic management system in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The system was began in operation on 2005 with the cooporation of Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), Malaysian Highway Authority, Malaysian Public Works Department and the Ministry of Transport Malaysia.
Integrated Transport Smartcard Organisation The Integrated Transport Smartcard Organisation (ITSO) was founded in 1998 as a result of discussions between various UK Passenger Transport Authorities concerning the lack of suitable standards for inter-operable smartcard ticketing. These discussions grew to include other authorities, transport operators and Government.
Integrated Undersea Surveillance System Badge The Integrated Undersea Surveillance System Badge is a military badge of the United States Navy which has been existence since the 1970s. The badge is awarded to those personnel who have been trained and qualified in naval sonar and undersea surveillance technology.
Integrated Video System Integrated Video System, or IVS, is a term used to describe some computer graphics-related hardware and software, home theatre systems, surveillance and security systems, and videoconferencing and videophone systems. Often, IVS describes any system which existed prior to having had video capability added to it.
Integrated Windows Authentication Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) is a term associated with Microsoft products that refers to the SPNEGO, Kerberos, and NTLMSSP authentication protocols with respect to SSPI functionality introduced with the Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system.
Integration and Application Network The Integration and Application Network (IAN) is a collection of scientists interested in solving, not just studying environmental problems. The intent of IAN is to inspire, manage and produce timely syntheses and assessments on key environmental issues, with a special emphasis on Chesapeake Bay and its watershed.
Integration appliance An Integration Appliance is a computer system specifically designed to lower the cost of integrating computer systems. Most integration appliances send or receive electronic messages from other computers that are exchanging electronic documents.
Integration by parts In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts is a rule that transforms the integral of products of functions into other, possibly simpler, integrals. The rule arises from the product rule of differentiation.
Integration clause In the contract law, an integration clause (sometimes, particularly in the United Kingdom, referred to an entire agreement clause) is a term in the language of the contract that declares it to be the complete and final agreement between the parties. The existence of such a term is conclusive proof that no varied or additional conditions exist with respect to the performance of the contract beyond those that are in the writing.
Integration disorder Togo Shitcho Sho or integration disorder is a Japanese psychiatric diagnosis that replaced the previous diagnostic category of Seishin Bunretsu Byo ("mind-split-disease") which was equivalent to the DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Integration testing Integration testing (sometimes called Integration and Testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase of software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows unit testing and precedes system testing.
Integrational polytheism Integrational Polytheism is a form of polytheism in which one believes in the existence of not several, but of all the gods ever described. It has been known as Eclectic Polytheism and other such names on the internet, but this article is in reference to the religious ideas of Calum Carlyle, who calls it Integrational Polytheism.
Integrative Cancer Therapies (journal) Integrative Cancer Therapies is a scientific journal focusing on complementary and alternative medicine and integrative medicine in the care for and treatment of patients with cancer. Therapies like diets and lifestyle modifications, as well as experimental vaccines and chemotherapy are the subject of this journal.
Integrative learning Integrative learning is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make connections across curricula. This higher education concept is distinct from the elementary and high school "integrated curriculum" movement.
Integratron The Integratron is a dome-shaped structure constructed out of plywood and fiberglass by George Van Tassel. He built the structure in Landers, California, USA as a "rejuvenation machine" supposedly following instructions provided by
Integrin An integrin, or integrin receptor, is an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane of cells. It plays a role in the attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in signal transduction from the ECM to the cell.
Integrity Integrity comprises the personal inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from honesty and consistent uprightness of character. The etymology of the word relates it to the Latin adjective integer (whole, complete).
Integrity (operating system) INTEGRITY is a real-time operating system (RTOS) produced and marketed by Green Hills Software. It is royalty-free, POSIX-certified, and intended for use in embedded systems needing maximum reliability, availability, and fault tolerance.
Integrity Asia Integrity Asia is a company located in Singapore which delivers Integrity Music products to Singapore, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand. They also sell other Integrity Music Christian albums that they do not sell in the United States.
Integrity check value In computer science, the integrity check value (ICV) is a checksum or message footprint that allows an information technology system to detect changes or errors in data, thus ensuring data integrity. One-way hash functions are used to calculate the ICV as part of the error-checking process.
Integrity Toronto Integrity/Toronto is the oldest Canadian chapter of Integrity, a network of support and advocacy groups for gay and lesbian members of the Anglican Church of Canada, Episcopal Church USA, Anglican Church of Australia, and Church of Uganda.
Integumentary system In zootomy, the integumentary system is often the largest organ system of an animal by surface area, comprising skin, hair, feathers, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus). It distinguishes, separates, protects and informs the animal with regard to its surroundings.
InteGrate InteGrate (formerly known as "Solution 42", a name taken from Douglas Adams's "Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" cult series) is a pipe-lined high performance architecture for handling batch rating of telecommunications CDRs (Call Data Records).
Inteha Inteha (Urdu: انتہا) is a Pakistani Urdu film which was released in 1999 across theaters in Pakistan. The movie was Samina Peerzada's debut directorial attempt, and established the careers of its two leading men Humayun Saeed and Zeeshan Sikander.
Inteha (Hindi film) Inteha is a Bollywood film released in 2003. It was produced by Mukesh Bhatt and directed by Vikram Bhatt, and stars Ashmit Patel (the younger brother of actress Amisha Patel, making his Bollywood debut), Nauheed Cyrusi, and Vidya Malvade.
Intel 2700G Intel 2700G (Marathon) is a low power (50 mW max) graphics co-processor for the XScale PXA27x processor and is built on PowerVR MBX technology (the successor to the graphics technology used in the SEGA Dreamcast).
Intel 440BX The Intel 440BX, also known as the i440BX, is a chipset from Intel, supporting Pentium II, Pentium III, and Celeron processors. Although the i440BX chipset is dated (mid-1998), with a "slotket" adapter Pentium III CPUs (Tualatin core) in single and dual processor configurations can be supported at speeds up to 1.
Intel 8008 The Intel 8008 was an early microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel and introduced in April, 1972. The 8008, originally codenamed 1201, was originally commissioned by Computer Terminal Corporation for use in its Datapoint 2200 programmable terminal, but because the chip was delivered late and did not meet CTC's performance goals, the chip was not used in the 2200.
Intel 80286 The Intel 80286 (often abbreviated to "286", and also called iAPX 286 in the Intel programmer's manual for the 286) is an x86-family 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced by Intel on February 1, 1982. It has 134,000 transistors.
Intel 80386 The Intel 80386 is a microprocessor which was used as the central processing unit (CPU) of many personal computers from 1986 until 1994 and later. During its design phase the processor was code-named simply "P3", the third-generation processor in the x86 line, but was and is frequently referred to as the i386.
Intel 80386EX The Intel 80386EX (386EX) is a variant of the Intel 386 microprocessor designed for embedded systems. Introduced in August 1994 and was successful in the market being used aboard several orbiting satellites and microsatellites.
Intel 80387 The Intel 80387 ('387') was the math coprocessor for the Intel 80386 series of microprocessors, and the first Intel coprocessor to implement the IEEE 754 standard in every detail. It was used to perform floating point arithmetic operations directly in hardware.
Intel 8048 The Intel 8048 microcontroller (µC), Intel's first µC, was used in the Magnavox Odyssey² video game console and (in its 8042 variant) in the original IBM PC keyboard. The 8048 is probably the most prominent member of Intel's MCS-48 family of microcontrollers.
Intel 80486 OverDrive Intel 80486 OverDrive processors were a category of various Intel 80486s that were produced with the designated purpose of being used to upgrade personal computers. OverDrives typically possessed qualities different from 'standard' 486s of the same speed steppings.
Intel 80487 The Intel 80487, or 487 (i487), was the floating-point arithmetic coprocessor for the Intel 486SX chips. It was essentially a full blown 486DX chip with a pin that knocked out the 486SX into a sleep mode, while it took over full processor duties.
Intel 8051 The Intel 8051 is a Harvard architecture single chip microcontroller (µC) which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. It was extremely popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, but today it has largely been superseded by a vast range of enhanced devices with 8051-compatible processor cores that are manufactured by more than 20 independent manufacturers including Atmel, Maxim IC (via its Dallas Semiconductor subsidiary), NXP (formerly Philips Semiconductor), Winbond, Silicon Laboratories, Texas Instruments and Cypress Semiconductor.
Intel 8061 The Intel 8061 microcontroller is most notable for its use in the Ford EEC-IV automotive engine control unit. A close relative of the 8096, the Intel 8061 is second-sourced by Toshiba (under the model number 6127) and Motorola (now Freescale Semiconductor).
Intel 8080 The Intel 8080 was an early microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. The 8-bit CPU was released in April 1974 running at 2 MHz, and is generally considered to be the first truly usable microprocessor CPU design.
Intel 8085 The Intel 8085 was an 8-bit microprocessor made by Intel in the mid-1970s. It was binary compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080 but required less supporting hardware, thus allowing simpler and less expensive microcomputer systems to be built.
Intel 8087 The 8087 was the first math coprocessor for 16 bit processors designed by Intel (the I8231 was older but designed for the 8 bit Intel 8080); it was built to be paired with the Intel 8088 and 8086 microprocessors. The purpose of the 8087, the first of the x87 family, was to speed up computations on demanding applications involving floating point command mathematics.
Intel 8259 The Intel 8259 is a family of Programmable Interrupt Controllers (PICs) designed and developed for use with the Intel 8085 and Intel 8086 8-bit and 16-bit microprocessors. The family originally consisted of the 8259, 8259A, and 8259B PICs, though a number of manufactures make a wide range of compatible chips today.
Intel APIC Architecture The Intel APIC Architecture is a system of Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers (APICs) designed by Intel for use in Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP) computer systems. It was originally implemented by the Intel 82093AA and 82489DX, and is found in most x86 SMP motherboards.
Intel Architecture Labs Intel Architecture Labs, also known as IAL, was the Personal Computer system research and development arm of Intel Corporation during the 1990s. IAL was created by Intel Vice-President Ron Whittier together with Craig Kinnie and Steven McGeady to develop the hardware and software innovations considered to be lacking from PC OEMs and Microsoft in the late 1980s and 1990s.
Intel Cascade Cipher In cryptography, the Intel Cascaded Cipher, is a relatively new, high bandwidth block cipher, used as an optional component of the Output Content Protection DRM scheme of the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system. The cipher is based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) operating in counter mode, used for generating keys, and a 3-round version of Serpent for encrypting actual content.
Intel Core Intel Core is the name used for the processor codenamed Yonah (Hebrew transliteration for Jonah - יונה), released on January 5 2006. It replaced the Pentium M brand used for earlier mobile processors with the same microarchitecture.
Intel Core 2 Core 2 is an eighth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor produced by Intel and based on the Intel Core microarchitecture. Core 2 also marks the retirement of Intel's Pentium brand name that has been used from 1993 and the reunion of Intel's notebook and desktop product lines since Pentium M was released apart from Pentium 4 in 2003.
Intel Core microarchitecture The Intel Core microarchitecture (previously known as the Intel Next-Generation Micro-Architecture, or NGMA) is a multi-core processor microarchitecture unveiled by Intel in Q1 2006. It is based around an updated version of the Yonah core and could be considered the latest iteration of the Intel P6 microarchitecture, which traces its history back to the 1995 Pentium Pro.
Intel Foundation Achievement Award The Intel Foundation Achievement Awards are US$5,000 scholarships presented to high school students in recognition of their achievements in the scientific disciplines. Up to 15 are awarded, on selection by a panel of judges, each year at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).

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