Encyclopedia

International Chinese Language Program The International Chinese Language Program, or ICLP, is one of the world's premiere institutions for intensive training in formal, Standard Mandarin Chinese. It is located in the center of beautiful Taipei, Taiwan on the main campus of National Taiwan University, generally considered the top university in Taiwan and Greater China, and today is formally an institute of the university.
International Christian Academy, Côte d'Ivoire International Christian Academy (ICA) is an American boarding school in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. It was established in 1962 by CBInternational (now WorldVenture) and its main purpose is to provide a standard American education to the children of missionaries in West Africa.
International Christian Maritime Association The International Christian Maritime Association (ICMA) is an ecumenical association of 27 Christian organisations, representing different churches and Christian communities. The members are all non-profit making organisations actively engaged in welfare work for seafarers.
International Christian Medical and Dental Association The International Christian Medical and Dental Association (ICMDA) is a grouping of national associations of Christian doctors and dentists in around fifty different countries. ICMDA also has links to groups in other countries.
International Christian School International Christian School is an international world-reconized school in Hong Kong SAR. It operates a very, very, very, very small secondary school at Grampian Road in Kowloon City in Bethel Campus,and a primary school and a kindergarten inside Jubilee Court in Fo Tan.
International incident An international incident is a seemingly relatively small or limited action or clash that results in a wider dispute between two or more nation-states. International incidents can arise from unanticipated actions involving citizens, government officials, or armed units of one or more nation-states, or out of a deliberate but small provocative actions by espionage agents of one nation-state, or by terrorists, against another nation-state.
International investment position A country's international investment position (IIP) is a financial statement setting out the value and composition of that country's external financial assets and liabilities. The IIP is one component of the capital account of a country's balance of payments, containing for example stock of companies, real estate, financial instruments, and so on.
International islamic relief organization International Islamic Relief Organization started in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in decision from her council of the establishments emerged in turned him the twenty convened in holy city of Mecca during the period from 15- November 27, 1398 - October 29, 1978. In the royal approval of number 4734 dated January 29, 1979.
International Ice Hockey Federation The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) was founded in 1908 as the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace and is the worldwide governing body for ice hockey and in-line hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland and has 65 members.
International Ice Patrol Since 1914 the International Ice Patrol has been monitoring the presence of icebergs in the northern Atlantic Ocean and reports their movements for safety purposes. It was established in response to the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
International ICT Council International Information and Communication Technology Council (International ICT Council, IICTC) is a non-profit organization formed by academicians, industry practitioners and professionals of the ICT industry internationally. Members include practitioners from all levels in broad range of ICT industries.
International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award The International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award is the largest and most international prize of its kind for a single work of fiction published in English. It is open to novels written in any language and by authors of any nationality, provided the work has been published in English or English translation.
International Independent Hockey League The International Independent Hockey League (IIHL) was an independent low-level professional hockey league that played in the Great Lakes Region of the US in late 2003 before falling apart in 2004. Several players used the IIHL as a launching pad to higher pro leagues.
International Institute for Communication and Development The International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) is a non-profit foundation that specialises in information and communication technologies (ICT) (ICTs) as a tool for sustainable development.
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) aims to develop the institutions and culture of democracy worldwide. It tries to link those who analyse trends in democracy and activists who engage in political reform or support democracy.
International Institute for Management Development The International Institute for Management Development, or IMD, is a business school with a campus in Lausanne, Switzerland. IMD was established in January 1990, as the successor to two previously independent business schools: IMI, founded in Geneva by Alcan in 1946, and IMEDE, founded in Lausanne in 1957 by Nestlé.
International Institute for Research and Education The International Institute for Research and Education (IIRE) is a research and educational centre based in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. It conducts training and publishes research for and by progressive activists around the world.
International Institute for Strategic Studies The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is a British research institute (or think tank) in the area of international affairs. It describes itself as "the world’s leading authority on political-military conflict".
International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development is a Canadian-based organization focused on improving the sustainability of the world. It currently has a team of 150 people from 30 countries and an annual budget of about 12 million dollars (Canadian).
International Institute of Directors The International Institute of Directors (IIOD) is a international organisation set up in 1985 to support and set standards for business strategic growth and personal professional development (Centre for Professional Development) for business owners and company directors.
International Institute of Human Rights The International Institute of Human Rights or Institut international des droits de l'homme (IIDH) is an association under French local law having its seat in Strasbourg, France, composed of approximately 300 members (individual and collective) worldwide, universities, researchers and practitioners of human rights.
International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad The International Institute of Information Technology (formerly Indian Institute of Information Technology), Hyderabad is an autonomous, self-supporting institution started in 1998 with seed support from the Government of Andhra Pradesh. A major goal of IIIT is to impart a uniquely broad and interdisciplinary IT education of the highest academic quality.
International Institute of Islamic Thought The International Institute of Islamic Thought is a private, non-profit organization that describes itself as an institution concerned with issues of Islamic thought. It was founded in 1981 with seed money from the Muslim BrotherhoodIn Search Of Friends Among The Foes U.
International Institute of Social History The International Institute of Social History (Dutch: Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, abbreviation: IISG) is situated in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and was founded in 1935 by Nicolaas Posthumus. The Institute is one of the world's largest documentary and research institutions concerning social history, and especially the history of the labour movement.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) was established in 1967 as a non profit organization to find solutions for hunger and poverty through research for development activities. IITA has its headquarters in Ibadan in Nigeria and several research centres across Africa.
International Interior Design Association The International Interior Design Association (IIDA) is a professional networking and educational association of more than 11,000 members in nine (9) specialty forums, nine (9) Regions, and thirty (30) chapters around the world. IIDA is committed to enhancing quality of life through excellence in interior design.
International Inventory of Musical Sources The International Inventory of Musical Sources (abbreviated as RISM — Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) was founded in Paris in 1952. This international non-profit joint venture aims to comprehensively document extant musical sources around the world.
International Islamic News Agency The International Islamic News Agency (IINA), a specialized organ of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), is a news agency publishing in Arabic, English and French and focusing on news about the Islamic world and Islamic affairs. Its headquarters is in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
International Islamic University (Chittagong) International Islamic University Chittagong or IIUC as it is commonly referred to, is a private University in Chittagong, Bangladesh and it has been operating as a fully fledged centre of tertiary education since 1995. Currently The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Quranic Sciences, Dawah Studies, Computer and Communication Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Business Administration, English Language and Literature, Arabic Language and Law.
International Island Games Association The International Island Games Association (IGA) is an organization the sole purpose of which is to organise the Island Games, a friendly biennial athletic competition between teams from several islands. The IGA liaises with the member island associations and with sponsors of the games.
International journal of progressive education The International Journal of Progressive Education (IJPE) (ISSN 1554-5210) is a peer reviewed interactive journal which is published three times a year in February, June, and October. It is sponsored by the International Association of Educators and in part by the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition The International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition, named after Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, is a competition for violinists up to age 30. It is held every five years (-00 and -05) in Helsinki and is considered to be one of the top 3 most appreciated violin competitions in the world.
International Jewish Correspondence (IJC) International Jewish Correspondence (IJC) was founded in Montreal by Barry Simon (a high school teacher) and sponsored by the Canadian Jewish Congress. The objective of IJC was to link Jews from wherever they lived with pen-pals in other parts of the world.
International José Martí Prize The International José Martí Prize serves to "promote and reward an activity of outstanding merit in accordance with the ideals and spirit" of Cuban independence leader, thinker, and poet José Martí".
International Journal of Applied Management and Technology The International Journal of Applied Management and Technology or IJAMT is an international peer-reviewed journal in the field of Applied Management and Technology. IJAMT is sponsored by The School of Management at Walden University and seeks to achieve the following goals:
International Journal of Biological Sciences International Journal of Biological Sciences is an Open Access scientific journal published by Ivyspring International Publisher. It features original articles, reviews, and short research communications in all areas of biological sciences.
International Journal of Central Banking The International Journal of Central Banking (IJCB) is a publication which began in the 2004 decision of several Central Banks to create a professional journal for policymakers and researchers in the field of monetary policy.
International Journal of Ecology & Development (IJED) The International Journal of Ecology & Development (IJED) is a journal published by the Indian Society for Development and Research founded to, "publish refereed, well-written original research articles, and studies that describe the latest research and developments in ecology and development." The Editor-in-Chief is Kaushal K.
International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning is an academic journal concentrating on research and innovation in teaching and learning, particularly in the areas of instructional technology and distance learning. It uses the Creative Commons copyright.
International Journal of Medical Sciences International Journal of Medical Sciences is an Open Access medical journal published by Ivyspring International Publisher. The scope of the journal covers various areas of basic medical sciences, clinical and experimental research related to the studies of human diseases.
International Judge of Chess Compositions International Judge of Chess Compositions is a title award by FIDE via the Permanent Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions (PCCC) to individuals who have judged several chess problem or study tournaments and who are considered capable of judging such awards at the highest level.
International Karate International Karate is a 1986 karate computer game for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC and Atari 8-bit family of computers. It was first published by System 3 in Europe, and then in United States of America by Epyx as World Karate Championship.
International Karate + International Karate +, often abbreviated as IK+, is a karate computer game published in 1987 by System 3 for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC. Conversions of this game were later released for the Atari ST, Amiga and Amiga CD32.
International Karate Association The International Karate Association (IKA) was formed in Tokyo, Japan in 1953. Since its inception, the primary goal of the IKA has been to promote traditional Japanese Karate - specifically the Gosoku Ryu, Hard/Fast style, originated by Takayuki Kubota.
International Kart Federation The International Kart Federation was the first kart racing organization in the United States, founded and still based in California in 1957. In 1971 it was joined by the World Karting Association, which originally focused more on the Eastern and Central United States.
International Kickboxing Federation The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) is the Largest Kickboxing Sanctioning Body in the World. The Organization also hosts the Largest and highest ranked/visited Kickboxing Sanctioning body website in the world with.
International King of Sports International King of Sports is a multi-event sports competition held yearly. The events are unusual sports rarely undertaken outside of this competition and are often variants of standard track and field sports.
International Korfball Federation The International Korfball Federation (IKF) was founded in Antwerp (Belgium) on the June 11 1933 as a continuation of the International Korfball Bureau established in 1924 by the Dutch and Belgian Associations.
International Labor Communications Association The International Labor Communications Association (ILCA) is a professional organization for trade union publications and media production departments of national, regional and/or local affiliates of the AFL-CIO and Canadian Labour Congress. It is a nonpartisan, non-profit organization which provides resources, expertise and networking opportunities for labor communicators.
International Labor Rights Fund The International Labor Rights Fund (ILRF) is a nonprofit advocacy organization headquartered in Washington, DC that describes itself as "an advocate for and with the working poor around the world". ILRF was founded in 1986.
International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation The International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation or ILAC started as a conference in 1977 with the aim of developing international cooperation for facilitating trade by promotion of the acceptance of accredited test and calibration results. In 1996, ILAC became a formal cooperation with a charter to establish a network of mutual recognition agreements among accreditation bodies that would fulfil this aim.
International Labour Conference The International Labour Conference is a yearly event, held each June in Geneva, Switzerland, and is hosted by the International Labour Organization. The conference makes decisions on the organization's general policy, work programme, and budget, and creates conventions and recommendations.
International Labour Organization/Summary The International Labour Organization (ILO), a specialised agency of the United Nations, was founded in 1919 under the auspices of the League of Nations. It is based on a tripartite structure which allows for representation from workers and employers organisations as well as Governments, making it unique amongst UN agencies.
International Lacrosse Federation International Lacrosse Federation was founded in 1974 to promote and develop the game of men's lacrosse throughout the world. As of 2006, the international governing bodies for men's and women's lacrosse are separate, which is one of the obstacles of lacrosse one day becoming an Olympic sport.
International Latitude Observatory The International Latitude Observatories were a system of (originally) six observatories located near the parallel of 39 degrees 8 minutes north latitude. They were used to measure the variation in latitude which occurs as a result of the wobble of the Earth on its polar axis.
International Launch Services International Launch Services (or ILS) is a private spaceflight partnership formed in 1995 between American defense contractor Lockheed Martin, and the Russian firm, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, and RSC Energia for the purpose of co-marketing their respective rocket launch services. This agreement covers non-military launches, and in the case of military launches, Khrunichev coordinates directly with the Russian government, while Lockheed works through its United Launch Alliance partnership with Boeing.
International Law Commission Articles on State Responsibility The International Law Commission Articles on State Responsibility, adopted in 2001, is a set of articles drafted by the International Law Commission that outlines the main principles of the Law of State Responsibility.
International Law Enforcement Officers' Square Club The International Law Enforcement Officers' Square Club (ILEOSC) is an American-based international organization set up to support Freemasons around the world, who are also charged to maintain domestic peace. They have periodic meetings via the internet, a membership roster — wherein addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses are available to other members — and provide a network for law officers to communicate and trade information relative to Freemasonry and their profession.
International Law Firm Networks and Associations An international law firm network (or association) is a membership organisation consisting of independent law firms that are informally linked to one another with the main purpose of serving one another's clients in jurisdictions where the individual firms are not permitted to practice or do not have their own physical offices.
International League The International League (IL) is a minor league baseball league which operates in the eastern United States and Canada. Like the Pacific Coast League, it plays at the Triple-A level, which is one step below Major League Baseball.
International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism The International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism – or Ligue Internationale Contre le Racisme et l'Antisémitisme (LICRA) in French— has existed for 79 years, and is opposed to intolerance, xenophobia and exclusion. In 1927, French journalist Bernard Lecache created "The League Against Pogroms.
International League of non-religious and atheists The International League of non-religious and atheists (IBKA) is an international association, founded in Berlin in 1976 as "International League of Non-religious (IBDK) and renamed IBKA in 1982. It has approximately 500 members and 11 coorporative Members, as well as a Scientific Council.
International League of Religious Socialists The International League of Religious Socialists is an umbrella organization of religious socialist movements in political parties throughout the world. Founded in the 1920s, it has member groups in 21 countries totalling 200,000 members.
International Lease Finance Corporation ILFC (International Lease Finance Corporation, though the abbreviation is the more common usage) is an aircraft lessor headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It is the world's largest aircraft lessor by value, though ILFC's archrival, General Electric's GECAS unit has more aircraft.
International Legion The International Legion was created in Italy on October 5 1860 by Guiseppe Garibaldi. It brought together different national divisions of French, Poles, Swiss, German and other nationalities, with a view not just of finishing the liberation of Italy, but also of their homelands.
International Leipzig Festival for Documentary and Animated Film The International Leipzig Festival for Documentary and Animated Film (), also known as the Leipzig DOK Festival, is a film festival that takes place annually in Leipzig, Germany. It was founded in 1955 under the name "1st All-German Leipzig Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films" and was the first independent film festival in East Germany.
International Lenin School Situated in Moscow and shrouded in secrecy the International Lenin School (ILS) was founded in 1926 as an instrument for the "Bolshevisation" of the Communist International (Comintern) and its national sections, following the resolutions of the fifth Congress of the Comintern. Between 1926 and 1938 the school provided up to 3,000 communists with such a training.
International Lesbian and Gay Association The International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) is an international organization bringing together more than 400 lesbian and gay groups from around the world. It continues to be active in campaigning for gay rights on the international human rights and civil rights scene and regularly petitions the United Nations and governments.
International Lesbian and Gay Law Association The International Lesbian and Gay Law Association (ILGLaw) is an international association of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender lawyers. The group also welcomes law professors, judges, law students, paralegals and laypersons, as long as they are committed to LGBT equality under the law.
International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Youth and Student Organisation IGLYO stands for the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Youth and Student Organisation. It was created in 1984 as a reaction to the need for better cooperation among regional, local and national LGBTQ youth and student organisations.
International Liaison Committee for a Workers' International The International Liaison Committee for a Workers' International (ILC) is a multi-tendency international regroupment of trade unionists and political activists in 92 countries around Pierre Lambert's Trotskyist Party of the Workers in France. It includes, among other groups, the Workers' Party (Algeria), O Trabalho in Brazil, Social Politics and Democracy in Germany, Workers' Information in Spain, International Workers Network in Sweden and Socialist Organizer in the United States.
International Library of African Music The International Library of African Music (ILAM) is an organization dedicated to the preservation and study of African music. It is seated in Grahamstown, South Africa and is closely affiliated with Rhodes University.
International Life Saving Federation The International Life Saving Federation (ILS) is an organization for water safety and life saving. According to the organization's web site the ILS was formed in 1993 from the merger of the Fédération Internationale de Sauvetage Aquatique] (FIS) and [[World Life Saving (WLS).
International Life Sciences Institute The International Life Sciences Insitute (ILSI) is a non-profit international organization founded in 1978 to address food safety, nutrition, and toxicology issues. It is supported by government funding, its own endowment, and also donations from its membership, comprised of hundreds of food and beverage corporations worldwide.
International Life-Saving Appliance Code Under the 1996 revision to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), specific technical requirements for life-saving equipment on ships on international voyages, formerly in Chapter III of SOLAS, were moved to a new International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code, made mandatory under SOLAS Regulation 34, which states that all life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the LSA Code.
International Linguistic Olympiad The International Linguistic Olympiad (ILO) is the youngest in the group of science olympiads. The setup differs from that of the other science olympiads, as both individual and team contests are on the program.
International Listening Association The International Listening Association (ILA) is an organization developed to promote the study, development, and teaching of listening; the association is “dedicated to learning more about the impact that listening has on all human activity.”
International Living International Living (IL) is a 27-year-old publishing group, founded in Baltimore, Maryland as the flagship of Agora Inc. The International Living monthly magazine covers topics including international real estate, investment, travel, and retirement.
International Longshore and Warehouse Union The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii and Alaska, and in British Columbia, Canada. It also represents hotel workers in Hawaii, cannery workers in Alaska, warehouse workers throughout the West and bookstore workers in Portland, Oregon.
International Lutheran Council The International Lutheran Council is a worldwide association of confessional Lutheran denominations. The organization was constituted in 1993 at a council held in Antigua, Guatemala, although it traces its roots back to theological conferences held in many locations in the 1950s and 1960s.
International Lyrics Server The International Lyrics Server was a Swiss web site devoted to hosting user-supplied song lyrics. Begun in February of 1997, it was hosting over 100,000 songs and receiving a million page views every day by its close in 1999.
International medical graduates International medical graduates or IMGs are doctors who have graduated from a medical school not accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education in the USA or the Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools in Canada.Typically, IMGs are not permitted to practice medicine without undergoing evaluation and/or additional training
International mobile phone codes In many countries, mobile phones are assigned dedicated calling codes within the country's telephone numbering plan. One notable exception to this type of assignment is the countries within the North American Numbering Plan (the United States and its territories, Canada, and much of the Caribbean), in which mobile phones are assigned subscriber numbers within geographic area codes.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – better known by its Spanish-language acronym CIMMYT, from Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo – is a Mexico-based research institute dedicated to the development of improved varieties of wheat and maize.
International Male International Male is a men's style magazine which includes male models showcasing the latest in casual and office-casual clothing. The company is owned by New Jersey-based group Hanover Direct and has existed since the 1980's.
International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO), formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), was established in 1948 through the United Nations to coordinate international maritime safety and related practices. However the IMO did not enter into full force until 1958.
International Marketplace, San Pablo, California International Marketplace is an economically-failing shopping center in the city of San Pablo in western Contra Costa County, California. Formerly known as El Portal, It has high vacancy rates, no anchor stores since the moving of Mervyn's California in 1995 to Pinole Vista Shopping Center in Pinole, and a planned multiplex plan fizzled out.
International Marxist Review International Marxist Review was the English-language theoretical and analytical journal of the reunified Fourth International. IMR was launched in 1982 alongside Quatrième Internationale, which was relaunched in the same year.
International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians.
International Mathematics Competition for University Students The International Mathematics Competition for University Students (IMC) is an annual mathematics competition open to all undergraduate students of mathematics. It is held at a different location each year at the end of July or beginning of August.
International Medical Education Directory The International Medical Education Directory (IMED) is published as a joint collaboration by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and the Foundation for the Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER). It provides an accurate and up-to-date resource of information about international medical schools that are recognized by the appropriate government agency in the countries where the medical schools are located.
International Medical Informatics Association IMIA or the International Medical Informatics Association is an independent organisation that plays a role in promoting and furthering the application of information science in modern society, particularly in the fields of healthcare, bioscience and medicine. It was established in 1967 as a technical committee of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).
International Medical Press International Medical Press Ltd (IMP) is a small medical publishing company, a subsidiary of the medical communications company MediTech Media Ltd, based in London, UK. It publishes two academic journals in antiviral research:
International Medical University The International Medical University (IMU) is a private medical school in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It started off as International Medical College (IMC) in 1992 and was based in Petaling Jaya until 1999.
International Men's Health Week International Men's Health Week was expanded to an international level in 2002 when representatives from six men's health organizations around the world met at the 2nd World Congress on Men's Health in Vienna, Austria and resolved to work together to launch International Men's Health Week (IMHW.)
International Mentoring Network The International Mentoring Network Organization – IMNO, an official 501c3 non-profit organization, is the founder of the Open Source Mentoring Movement. IMNO is the hub where individuals submit interviews they conduct with their ideal professional mentor so the mentor's advice, knowledge, and experience can be shared with everyone.
International Meteorological Organization Although there had been significant developments in meteorology in the 18th century, Matthew Fontaine Maury, of the US Navy, was instrumental in convening the first true International Meteorological Organization held in Brussels, Belgium on August 23, 1853.
International Mid-Continent Trade Corridor The International Mid-Continent Trade Corridor is a proposed supercorridor that would link Mexico, the United States and Canada. This super highway would run along Interstate 35, from the Mexican border at Laredo, Texas, to the Canadian border north of Duluth, Minnesota.
International Middle East Media Center The International Middle East Media Center (or IMEMC) is an independent news organisation run by Palestinians living in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, working together with international journalists, who report on events in both Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The IMEMC publishes in English in order that an international audience has access to reports on events in the region as reported directly by local journalists.
International Mineralogical Association The International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 38 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 4000 plus known mineral species.

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