Encyclopedia

Inversion (prosody) In prosody the Inversion of a foot is the reversal of the order of its elements. For example, in English Accentual-syllabic verse the most common inversion by far is the reversal of the first iamb in a line of verse.
Inversion in a point In Euclidean geometry, the inversion of a point X in respect to a point P is a point X* such that P is the midpoint of the line segment with endpoints X and X*. In other words, the vector from X to P is the same as the vector from P to X*.
Inversion transformation Inversion transformations are a natural extension of Poincaré transformations to include all conformal one-to-one transformations on coordinate space-time. They are less studied in physics because unlike the rotations and translations of Poincaré symmetry an object cannot be physically transformed by the inversion symmetry.
Inversive congruential generator Inversive congruential generators are a type of nonlinear congruential pseudorandom number generator, which use the modular multiplicative inverse (if it exists) to generate the next number in a sequence. The standard formula for an inversive congruential generator is
Inversive ring geometry In mathematics, inversive ring geometry is the extension to the context of associative rings, of the concepts of projective line, homogeneous coordinates, projective transformations, and cross-ratio, concepts usually built upon rings that happen to be fields.
Invert error In philately, an invert error occurs when part of a postage stamp is printed upside-down. Inverts are perhaps the most spectacular of a postage stamp errors, not only because of the striking visual appearance, but because they are almost always quite rare, and highly valued by stamp collectors.
Invertebrate Invertebrate is a term that describes any animal without a spinal column. The group includes 97% of all animal species — all animals except those in the Chordate subphylum Vertebrata (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals).
Invertebrate trachea Many terrestrial arthropods have evolved a closed respiratory system composed of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles to transport metabolic gasses to and from tissue. Some terrestrial woodlice have evolved pseudotrachea, a system which is also called corpus alatum, and is made up of air tubes that delivers oxygen to their hemolymph; a similar system has been found in some caterpillars.
Inverted detective story In an inverted detective story the reader is shown the commission of the crime at the beginning, usually including the identity of the perpetrator. The interest of the story then lies in following the detective's attempt to unravel the mystery.
Inverted index An inverted index (also referred to as postings file or inverted file) is an index structure storing a mapping from words to their locations in a document or a set of documents, allowing full text search. It is the most popular data structure used in document retrieval systems.
Inverted Jenny The inverted Jenny (or Jenny Invert) is a United States postage stamp of 1918 in which the image of the Curtiss JN-4 airplane in the center of the design was accidentally printed upside-down. Only 100 of the inverts were ever found, making this error one of the most prized in all philately; as of 2003, an inverted Jenny would typically sell for around US$300,000.
Inverted minors The term inverted minors refers to a treatment used by the Kaplan-Sheinwold (K-S) bidding system (Precision, as originally structured, also used inverted minors over a 1 opening). Under this treatment, a single raise of opener's minor suit is strong (usually at least 9 HCP up to 20 HCP), and a double raise is pre-emptive, showing a maximum of 8 HCP.
Inverted nipple An inverted nipple is a nipple that, instead of pointing outward, is retracted into the breast and sometimes cannot be seen. In some cases, the nipple will be temporarily uninverted if stimulated, but in others, the inversion is permanent.
Inverted pendulum Also called a cart and pole, an inverted pendulum is a classic problem in dynamics and control theory consisting of a pole attached at its bottom to a moving cart. Whereas a normal pendulum is stable when hanging downwards, a vertical inverted pendulum is inherently unstable, and must be actively balanced in order to remain upright, typically by moving the cart horizontally as part of a nonlinear feedback system.
Inverted river delta An inverted river delta is special category of river delta in which the narrow end of the delta emerges on the seafront and the wide end is located further inland, so that with respect to the seafront, the locations of both ends of the delta are inverted.
Inverted roller coaster An inverted roller coaster is a roller coaster in which the train runs under the track with the seats directly attached to the wheel carriage. This latter attribute is what sets it apart from the older suspended coaster, which runs under the track, but "swings" via a pivoting bar attached to the wheel carriage.
Inverted spectrum Inverted spectrum is the apparent possibility of two people sharing their colour vocabulary and discriminations, although the colours one sees are systematically different from the colours the other person sees.
Inverted sugar syrup Inverted sugar syrup is sucrose-based syrup treated with the glycoside hydrolase enzyme invertase, and/or an acid, which splits each sucrose molecule into one glucose and one fructose molecule. This combination is sweeter than an equivalent sucrose solution by weight so it can be used to reduce the quantity of sugar in a recipe.
Inverted topography Inverted topography or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it.
Inverted wedge The inverted wedge is a military formation resembling a "V" or inverted triangle, and is sometimes known as a "V-formation". In the inverted wedge, two units advance abreast of each other, and a third unit follows behind and between the two, in reserve.
Inverter (electrical) An inverter is an electronic circuit for converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Inverters are used in a wide range of applications, from small switched power supplies for a computer to large electric utility applications to transport bulk power.
Inverythan crash The Inverythan rail crash was a railway accident at Inverythan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, which occurred on November 27th, 1882, when a train was approaching a small bridge near Inverythan on the track from Aberdeen to Banff. The bridge was about 39 ft long and about 15 feet high over a road.
Invesco Field at Mile High INVESCO Field at Mile High is a stadium in Denver, Colorado. INVESCO Field at Mile High replaced the identically sized, but commercially obsolete Mile High Stadium (named for the fact that Denver is exactly one mile above sea level) in 2001.
Invesco Perpetual Invesco Perpetual is an investment company based in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England. It was originally founded as by Sir Martyn Arbib and before it merged with Invesco it was known first as Perpetual Mutual then as Perpetual plc.
Investec asset management Investec Asset Management is a specialist investment manager, providing a range of portfolio management services and products to institutional and individual investors. Established in 1991, the firm has been built from start-up into an international business.
Investec Bank Investec is an international specialist banking group. The company was established as a leasing company in 1974 in Johannesburg, acquiring a banking license in 1980, and listed on the JSE Securities Exchange South Africa in 1986.
InvestHK Invest Hong Kong (, formerly the Business and Services Promotion Unit) is a department of the Hong Kong Government responsible for promoting investments in Hong Kong by local and non-local firms. It is headed by the Director-General of Investment Promotion.
Investigational Device Exemption An Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) allows the investigational device to be used in a clinical study in order to collect safety and effectiveness data required to support a Premarket Approval (PMA) application or a
Investigational New Drug The Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has been approved. The FDA reviews the IND for safety to assure that research subjects will not be subjected to unreasonable risk.
Investigational product An investigational product is a pharmaceutical form of an active ingredient or placebo being tested or used as a reference in a clinical trial, including a product with a marketing authorization when used or assembled (formulated or packaged) in a way different from the approved form, or when used for an unapproved indication, or when used to gain further information about an approved use. This has been referred to by the National Center for Policy Analysis as open access to such drugs.
Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space Investigations in Number, Data, and Space is a complete K-5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is designed to help all children understand the fundamental ideas of number and arithmetic, geometry, data, measurement and early algebra.
Investigative journalism Investigative journalism is a kind of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest, often involving crime, political corruption, or some other scandal. De Burgh (2000) states that: "An investigative journalist is a man or woman whose profession it is to discover the truth and to identify lapses from it in whatever media may be available.
Investigative judgment The Investigative Judgment is a unique Seventh-day Adventist doctrine, which asserts that a judgment of professed Christian believers has been in progress since October 22, 1844. The doctrine is intimately related to the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and has also been a source of considerable controversy within the denomination.
Investigative leads The term investigative leads refers to any information which could potentially aid in the successful resolution of the investigation. For example investigative leads pertaining to robbery offense might include: description of the perpetrator(s), visible impression(s) of fingerprint, hand, foot, shoe, tire or other implements; latent impressions, those not typically visible without enhancement or development discovered.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS), published monthly in print and online, is an official journal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), an international organization whose purposes are to encourage and assist research, training, publication, and dissemination of knowledge in vision and ophthalmology. Included are original contributions that emphasize clinical and laboratory hypothesis-based research with statistically good results that clearly advance the fields of ophthalmic and vision research.
Investigative report An investigative report is a document that is meant to provide information on a certain topic that is not easily obtained. It is meant to present the reader with a wealth of easily understood information and usually contains an interview or two on the subject.
Investiture Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, 'dress' from vestis 'robe') is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent (heir, elect of nominee) in public office, especially by taking possession of its insignia. The term is normally reserved for formal offices of state, aristocracy and church.
Investiture Controversy The Investiture Controversy also known as the Lay investiture controversy, was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Gregorian Papacy concerning who would control appointments of church officials (investiture).
Investiture of the Gods (chapter 5) Within this article, I shall elaborate chapter 5 of the famed ancient Chinese novel, Investure of the Gods - also known as Fengshen Yanyi. This article is designed to reflect complete events and major plot lines present within this chapter.
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, codified at through , is a United States federal law that was created to regulate the actions of investment advisers (also spelled "advisors") as defined by the law.
Investment banking Investment banks help companies and governments and their agencies to raise money by issuing and selling securities in the primary market. The sector takes the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 523110.
Investment club accounting software Investment clubs, whether formed as general partnerships or limited liability companies, must keep accurate books of the deposits made by members, the club's investing portfolio and the resulting tax liabilities that are generated by the club's activities that must be reported to members, the IRS and various state tax agencies. Most investment clubs use the unit valuation system of accounting, similar to that used by mutual funds.
Investment company An investment company is a company whose main business is holding securities of other companies purely for investment purposes. The investment company invests money on behalf of its shareholders who in turn share in the profits and losses.
Investment Certificate An Investment Certificate is an investment product offered by an investment company or brokerage firm designed to offer a competitive yield to an investor with the added safety of their principal. certificate allows the investor to make an investment and to earn a guaranteed interest rate for a predetermined amount of time.
Investment Company Institute The Investment Company Institute (ICI) is an American investment company trade organization. Its membership as of April 1, 2006 included 8,606 mutual funds, 653 closed-end funds, 160 exchange-traded funds, and five sponsors of unit investment trusts.
Investment protection Investment protection is a broad economic term referring to any form of guarantee or ensurance that investments made will not be lost, this may be through fraud or otherwise. For example, the Investment Protection Bureau is a New York State legal body which is charged, according to the New York State Securities Law (the Martin Act), to protect the public from fraud by monitoring and limiting investment.
Investment risk On ground of assurance of the return, there are two kinds of Investments - Riskless and Risky. Riskless invesments are guaranteed, but since the value of a guarantee is only as good as the guarantor, those backed by the full faith and confidence of a large stable government are the only ones considered "riskless.
Investor relations Investor relations (IR) is a set of activities which relate to the ways in which a company discloses information required for regulatory compliance and good investment judgment to bond and/or shareholders and the wider financial markets.
Investors Overseas Service "Investors Overseas Services (IOS)" was an investment scheme started in 1955 for mostly American expats that turned into the largest financial scam of the 20th century. When it collapsed in 1970, this also ruined a number of American and European banks.
Invicta Watch Group Invicta Watch Group is a Swiss watch making company founded in 1837 in La Chaux-de-fonds by Raphael Picard. His descendants currently run the company, and it manufactures watches in Switzerland and exports them to other countries.
Invictus Records Invictus Records was a record label created by Eddie Holland, Lamont Dozier and Brian Holland. Until 1967 they were the top composers and producers for Motown Records, but for better control and greater rewards they launched Invictus along with Hot Wax Records in 1968.
Invid (Robotech) In Robotech, the Invid (named "Inbit" in Genesis Climber Mospeada) originated as an alien race of invertebrate, slug-like hive creatures that came from the world of Optera, the inhabitable planet of the Tzuptum System. Their world was defoilated by the Robotech Masters in an attempt to monopolise a powerful narcotic, the Flower of Life that was native to the planet; the Flower was also the source of an incredibly powerful energy source called protoculture.
Invidia In Roman mythology, Invidia was the sense of envy or jealousy, who might be personified for strictly literary purposes, as a goddess. The Romans used one word, invidia to to cover the range of two Greek words— nemesis (indignation at unmerited success) and phthonos (envy) (Kaster, 2003).
Invincible In general, the term invincible refers to the state of being impervious to all methods of harm (especially when used in video games; see Starman). This includes but is not limited to being run over by large objects, falling in toxic or otherwise dangerous substances, and falling from ludicrous heights.
Invincible (5ive album) Invincible is the second album by British boy band group Five, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). The album was re-packaged and re-released in 2000 with bonus tracks and a second cd featuring five tracks performed live during their world tour in early 2000.
Invincible error An Invincible error is, in Christian philosophy, a normally sinful action which is not considered sinful because it was committed through blameless ignorance that one's actions were harmful or otherwise prohibited.'Error' in Catholic Encylopedia
Invincible Ed Invincible Ed is the debut graphic novel written and illustrated by Ryan Woodward who has worked on such film projects as Space Jam, The Iron Giant, Osmosis Jones, and Spider Man 2. Invincible Ed was originally released by Summertime Books, Woodward's own publishing company.
Invincible Super Man Zambot 3 Invincible Super Man Zambot 3 (無敵超人ザンボット3 in kanji, transliterated as Muteki Chōjin Zanbot 3 in romaji) is an anime series created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Yoshitake Suzuki, and produced by Sunrise. It was first broadcast on Japanese TV in 1977.
Inviolability In religion and ethics, inviolability or sanctity is a principle of implied protection regarding aspects of human life which are said to be holy, sanctified, or otherwise of such value that they are not to be violated.
Invisalign Invisalign is a method of orthodontic therapy promoted as an "invisible" way of straightening teeth without using traditional braces. It instead uses a series of clear custom-fabricated aligners designed to gradually and sequentially move teeth to their desired positions.
Inviscid flow A fluid flow where viscous (friction) forces are small in comparison to inertial forces is said to be inviscid. The assumption that viscous forces are negligible can be used to simplify the Navier-Stokes equations.
Invisible (Jaded Era song) Invisible is a song written by Kira Leyden and Jeff Andrea, members of the Ohio-based unsigned alternative rock/pop band Jaded Era, and recorded for the band's second album Invisible (2003). It was covered by pop rock singer Ashlee Simpson for the re-release of her second album I Am Me, and was released as the album's third single in 2006 (see Invisible (Ashlee Simpson song)).
Invisible balance The invisible balance or balance of trade on services is that part of the balance of trade that refers to services and other products that do not result in the transfer of physical objects. Examples include consulting services, tourism, and patent license revenues.
Invisible College Press The Invisible College Press is a small, independent publisher dedicated to literary-quality works in the fields of UFOs, Conspiracies, Secret Societies, the Illuminati, the Paranormal, Anarchism, and other non-traditional topics.
Invisible dictatorship An invisible dictatorship was a term coined by Mikhail Bakunin to describe his concept of clandestine revolutionary leadership. Bakunin also used the term invisible legion and invisible network to describe his invisible dictatorship.
Invisible hand The invisible hand is a metaphor invented by Adam Smith to illustrate how those who seek wealth by following their individual self-interest, inadvertently stimulate the economy and assist society as a whole. In the general opinion, in The Wealth of Nations and other writings, Smith claims that, in capitalism, an individual pursuing his own good tends also to promote the good of his community, through principal that he called “the invisible hand” of the market, which ensures that those activities most beneficial and efficient will naturally be those most that are profitable.
Invisible Children Invisible Children: Rough Cut is a documentary recorded in 2003 based on the experiences of three college students (Jason Russell, Bobby Bailey, and Laren Poole) in Northern Uganda. The filmers are from San Diego, California in the United States.
Invisible ink Invisible ink is a substance used for writing, which is either invisible on application, or soon thereafter, and which later on can be made visible by some means. The use of invisible ink is a form of steganography, and has been used in espionage.
Invisible IRC Project The InvisibleNet IRC Project's 'Invisible IRC proxy' (IIP) was a deniable pseudonymous IRC server, used to forward IRC connections from downstream clients in such a way that it becomes impossible for the main IRC server to determine the identity of each chatter.
Invisible Monsters Invisible Monsters is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk, published in 1999. It is his third novel to be published, though it was his second written novel (after the unpublished Insomnia: If You Lived Here, You'd Be Home Already).
Invisible Moon (album) Invisible Moon is a 2001 album by jazz band Aka Moon. It was recorded in three days : at Studio Jet (Brussels, Belgium) on June 15, 1998, at Prasad Audiovision (Chennai, India) on January 13, 1999 and at Studio Jet again on August 4, 2000.
Invisible Pink Unicorn The Invisible Pink Unicorn (IPU) is the goddess of a satiric parody religion aimed at theistic beliefs, which takes the form of a unicorn that is paradoxically both invisible and pink. These attributes serve to satirize the apparent contradictions in properties which some attribute to a theistic God.
Invisible Runner Rule The invisible runner rule (sometimes called a ghost runner) is a device used in baseball when a team has less than four players. Used primarily in schoolyard games, the rule is called into action when a live runner on base is next in line to bat.
Invisible theater Invisible Theater is a form of performance in which the show is enacted in a place where people would not normally expect to see a show, for example in the street or in a shopping centre, similar to busking, except without the need for payment. It is generally recognized as having been originally developed by Augusto Boal, as part of his Theater of the Oppressed - which focused on oppression and social issues, during his time in Argentina in the 1970s.
Invisible thread Invisible thread is very thin monofilament thread used by magicians to make small, lightweight objects seem to levitate and animate. It is usually made from nylon which has been separated into individual strands.
Invisible wall An invisible wall is a video game term for a boundary that limits where a player can go, but doesn't appear in game as any kind of visible obstacle; it's as if someone built a glass wall in an open area—you can't see the wall, but it's there. The term can also be applied to minor obstacles, ones that appear to be a nuisance and could be bypassed if encountered in real life, but are treated as impassable obstructions in the game.
Invisible Woman The Invisible Woman (real name Susan Richards, née Susan Storm), formerly The Invisible Girl, is a Marvel Comics superhero, a member of the Fantastic Four. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, she first appeared in The Fantastic Four #1 (November 1961).
InvisionFree InvisionFree (also known as IFInvisionFree is based on Invision Power Board software, and as such, IPB's abbreviation inspired Invisionfree to adopt a similar one, namely IF.) is a free Internet forum hosting companies (with an Alexa traffic rating of 174 as of November 6, 2006 Founded in September, 2002]Invisionfree About page.
Invista Invista is the world's largest integrated fiber, resin and intermediates company. It was originally the Textiles and Interiors division of DuPont and was renamed Invista prior to its sale to Koch Industries in 2004.
Invisus ('Hated' or 'Hateful' in Latin]) are a 6 piece [[metal band combining elements from Thrash metal, Death metal and Black metal from Loughborough in Leicestershire, UK. They were formed in April 2006 by Rory Ferguson (Guitars) and Daniel Brownlow (Guitars).
Invitation Stakes The Invitation Stakes, also known as the Sir Rupert Clarke Stakes, is a Group 1 Australian thoroughbred open handicap horse race, run over a distance of 1400 metres at Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne in September.
Invitation to a Beheading Invitation to a Beheading (Russian: Приглашение на казнь, Priglasheniye na kazn) is a novel by the Russian-American author Vladimir Nabokov. It was originally published in Russian in 1935-1936 as a serial in Contemporary Notes--the most respected literary journal of the Russian emigration.
Invitation to treat In contract law, an invitation to treat (invitation to bargain in the US) is an action by one party which may appear to be a contractual offer but which is actually inviting others to make an offer of their own. The distinction is important because if a legitimate contractual offer is accepted by another, a binding contract is immediately formed and the terms of the original offer cannot be further negotiated without both parties' consent.
Invitation to William The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven notable Englishmen to William, Prince of Orange on 30 June 1688, asking him to depose his father-in-law James II in favour of William's wife Mary. The letter informed William that if he were to land in England with an army, the signatories and their allies would rise up and support him.
Invitational Education Invitational theory (Purkey & Novak, 1984, 1988; Purkey & Schmidt, 1987, 1990; Purkey & Stanley, 1991) is a collection of assumptions that seek to explain phenomena and provide a means of intentionally summoning people to realize their relatively boundless potential in all areas of worthwhile human endeavor. Its purpose is to address the entire global nature of human existence and opportunity, and to make life a more exciting, satisfying and enriching experience.
Invitatory The Invitatory is a psalm, traditionally numbered 94 in the Septuagint or 95 in the Masoretic text , used to start Matins in the Divine Office. After the reform of the Liturgy of the Hours after the Second Vatican Council, the Invitatory is said either before the Office of Readings or Lauds, whichever is said first in a day; also several other psalms may be substituted.
Invite Them Up Invite Them Up is an intimate weekly comedy show in New York's East Village featuring standup comics, short films, music, among other things currated by Eugene Mirman, Bobby Tisdale, and Holly Schlesinger. On December 9, 2005 a four disc (3 CD & 1 DVD) collection was released featuring some of the best at the showcase.
Invite Them Up (album) Invite Them Up is a four disc (3 CD and 1 DVD) collection of highlights from the weekly comedy showcase Invite Them Up currated by Eugene Mirman, Bobby Tisdale, and Holly Schlesinger released on December 6, 2005 on Comedy Central Records.
Invitee In the law of torts, an invitee is a person who is invited to land by the possessor of the land as a member of the public, or one who's invited to the land for the purpose of business dealings with the possessor of the land. The status of a visitor as an invitee (as opposed to a trespasser or a licensee) defines the legal rights of the visitor if they are injured due to the negligence of the property owner.
Invoice An invoice is a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services with which the seller has already provided the buyer. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.
Involucrum Involucrum is a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in chronic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum.
Involuntary celibacy Involuntary celibacy is the failure to establish an intimate relationship or engage in sexual intercourse for reasons other than voluntary celibacy or sexual abstinence. The term is used especially for adults who, despite general expectations, have had little to no sexual or romantic experience.
Involuntary memory Involuntary memory is a conception of human memory in which sensual stimulus plays a crucial role in evoking recollections without conscious effort. Its binary opposite is voluntary memory, a deliberate effort to recall the past.
Involuntary muscles Involuntary muscles are smooth, uninucleated, non-branching muscles that are not directly controllable at will. These include the radially arranged iris muscles, the digestive system, reproductive system, major blood vessels, the skin and internal organs, and are all controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Involuntary park Involuntary park is a term coined by science fiction author and environmentalist Bruce Sterling to describe previously inhabited areas that for environmental or political reasons have, in Sterling's words, "lost their value for technological instrumentalism" and been allowed to return to an overgrown, feral state. Discussing involuntary parks in the context of rising sea levels due to global warming, Sterling writes:
Involuntary servitude Involuntary servitude is a United States legal and constitutional term for a person laboring against that person's will to benefit another, under some form of coercion. While laboring to benefit another occurs in the condition of slavery, involuntary servitude does not connotate the complete lack of freedom experienced in chattel slavery; involuntary servitude may also refer to other forms of unfree labor.
Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms. Though the most notorious was the Gulag labor camp system of penal labor, resettling of entire categories of population was another method of political repression.
Involute In the differential geometry of curves, an involute of a smooth curve is another curve, obtained by attaching a string to the curve and tracing the end of the string as it is wound onto the curve. It is a roulette wherein the rolling curve is a straight line containing the generating point.
InVesalius InVesalius is a free software used to reconstruct structures of the human body in three dimensions in the computer, generating tri-dimensional virtual models of structures of the human body from images obtained in computerized tomographies and magnetic resonance imaging. It was developed by CenPRA (Renato Archer Research Center), in Brazil and is available at no cost at the homepage of CenPRA’s Project for Fast Prototyping in Medicine.
InVitro InVitros are a fictional genetically engineered subspecies of humans in the science fiction television series Space: Above and Beyond. The name is etymologically derived from the Latin phrase "in vitro", which is used in science to refer to state of being in an artificial environment outside the living organism.

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