Encyclopedia > I > 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
Ira von FĂĽrstenberg Princess Ira of FĂĽrstenberg (German: Ira Prinzessin zu FĂĽrstenberg) (born April 18, 1940) is a European socialite, actress, jewelry designer, and a former public relations manager for the fashion designer Valentino Garavani.
Irad Irad (עִירָד "Wild ass; dragon", Standard Hebrew ĘżIrad, Tiberian Hebrew ʿÎrÄḏ), is a descendant of Qayin in the genealogies of Adam, the lists of antediluvian patriarchs given in the Torah. In the Book of Moses, he is a victim of murder by Lamech, descendant of Cain, according to Latter-day Saint scripture.
Irada Ashumova Irada Ashumova (born February 25, 1958) is an Azerbaijani sport shooter who competed in the 25 m Pistol competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal. She won a silver medal in the 2002 World Championships.
Iraj Afshar Iraj Afshar(Born in 1925 Tehran) is a notable Persian literary figure, bibliographer, historian, cultural theorist and world-class Iranologist. He is a consulting editor of Encyclopedia Iranica at Columbia University and (full) professor emeritus of Tehran University.
Iraj Bashiri Iraj Bashiri is one of the leading scholars in the fields of Central Asian Studies and Iranian Studies. Fluent in English, Persian, Tajik, and several Turkic languages, Bashiri has been able to study and translate works otherwise inaccessible to the mostly Russian-speaking Central Asian studies community.
Irakleio, Attica Irakleio (Greek, modern: ΗĎάκλειο, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on), alternative and older forms: Heraklion and Iraklio, is a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece. Heraklio is divided into three parts, Palaio Heraklio and Neo Heraklio and Ano Heraklio.
Irakli Alasania Irakli Alasania (Georgian: áá áá™ášá áášááˇááśáá) (born December 21 1973, Batumi, Ajaria, Georgia) is a Georgian politician and the former Chairman of the Government of Abkhazia-in-exile and an envoy of the President of Georgia at the Georgian-Abkhaz talks. His father General Mamia Alasania was killed during the Sukhumi Massacre on September 27, 1993.
Irakli Chogovadze Irakli Chogovadze served as the Minister of Economy of Georgia until Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili appointed him head of the Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation. Saakashvilli replaced Chogovadze with Irakli Okruashvili, who served as Defense Minister when the President reshuffled the cabinet.
Irakli Okruashvili Irakli Okhruashvili (born in 1973 in Tskhinvali, Georgia) has served as the Deputy Minister of Justice, Prosecutor General, Minister of Internal Affairs, Defense Minister, and most recently was appointed as the Minister for Economic Development before his resignation after one week from the appointment.
Irakli Tsereteli Irakli Tsereteli (also spelled Irakly Tsereteli) (Georgian: áá áá™ášá á¬á”á á”á—á”ášá) commonly known as Kaki Tsereteli (1881–1959) was a Georgian politician, one of the leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and the Georgian Mensheviks.
Irama Irama is a concept used in Javanese gamelan music, which relates to how much space there is between notes. It is often confused with tempo, although tempo (Javanese: laya) is different, and each irama can be played in different tempi.
Iramba Iramba is one of the four districts of the Singida Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the Northwest by the Shinyanga Region, to the Northeast by the Manyara Region, to the South by the Singida Rural and Singida Urban Districts and to the West by the Tabora Region.
Irami Matairavula Irami Ului Matairavula is a Fijian politician, who currently serves up the House of Representatives. He holds the Tailevu South Fijian Communal Constituency, which he won for the ruling United Fiji Party (SDL) in the parliamentary election of September 2001, defeating the incumbent Esira Rabuno, an independent formerly of the Fijian Association Party (FAP).
Iran airshow The Iran Airshow is an aviation airshow held in Kish, Iran. Its first airshow was in 2002 on Kish island, where 11 foreign companies participated from France, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Britain, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Italy, Pakistan, Slovakia and Switzerland.
Iran and weapons of mass destruction As of 2006, Iran is not known to possess weapons of mass destruction and has signed treaties repudiating possession of them, including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). A number of countries, including the U.
Iran at the 1900 Summer Olympics One fencer of Persian nationality competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, thereby making him the first Olympic competitor for Iran. It would not be until the 1948 Summer Olympics until the nation sent a team to compete at the Olympic Games.
Iran at the 2007 Asian Winter Games Iran, International Olympic Committee designation: Islamic Republic of Iran will participate in the 2007 Asian Winter Games which will be held in Changchun, China from January 28, 2007 to February 4, 2007.2007 Winter Asiad official website
Iran at the Summer Olympics Iran made its first official appearance at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. However, some sources consider Freydoun Malkom, a fencer who competed in the épée event in the 1900 Summer Olympics, of Persian nationality, and therefore, Iran's first Olympic competitor.
Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) was established in 1976 and belongs to the Iranian Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO). The company has thousands of square meters of available grounds and 250,000 square meters of shops and hangars are allocated to A/C part manufacturing, assembling, laboratories, flight test facilities and shops of preparation for production.
Iran Ajr The Iran Ajr, formerly known as the Arya Rakhsh, was a Japanese-built amphibious assault ship used by Iran to lay naval mines during the Iran-Iraq War. Built in 1978, the 614-ton, 54-meter ship was powered by two diesel engines and featured a bow ramp for unloading cargo.
Iran Aseman Airlines Iran Aseman Airlines is an airline based in Tehran, Iran. It operates air taxi services and scheduled domestic and regional flights to the Persian Gulf area, Charters are also operated, Its main base is Mehrabad International Airport (THR), Tehran, with hubs at Shiraz International Airport, Mashhad International Airport (MHD) and Dubai International Airport (DXB).
Iran Aviation Industries Organization Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO) was established in 1966 for planning, controlling, and managing the aviation industries of the Iranian armed forces for better use of extra resources and capabilities aiming to serve domestic and forging industries.
Iran Bioinformatics Center Iran Bioinformatics Center (IBC) is the only academic center in Iran working on Bioinformatics. Although there are some independant research groups such as Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Unit in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences working on Bioinformatics but IBC is a part of Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry (IBB) in Tehran University.
Iran crisis The Iran crisis was an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. The cause of the crisis was Soviet refusal to relinquish Iranian territories occupied by the Red Army in the aftermath of UK and Soviet occupation of Iran in 1942.
Iran Freedom and Support Act The Iran Freedom and Support Act of 2005 (S. 333) is an act passed by the United States Congress that appropriates $10 million and directs the President of the United States to spend that money in support of groups opposed to the Iranian government.
Iran hostage crisis The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic crisis lasting from November 4, 1979 until January 20, 1981. The situation involved members of the "Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line," student proxies of the new Iranian regime, holding 63 diplomats and three additional U.
Iran Policy Committee The Iran Policy Committee (IPC), formed in January 2005, is a pressure group meant to influence US government policy towards Iran. IPC is made up of former White House, State Department, Pentagon and CIA officials.
Iran student riots, July 1999 Iranian Student Protests of July, 1999 (Also known as 18th of Tir and Kuye Daneshgah Disaster (Persian: Ůاجعه Ú©ŮŰŚ دانشگاه ) in Iran) (7-13 Julywere the most widespread and violent public protests in Iran], since the early years of the [[Iranian Revolution.
Iran System encoding standard Iran System encoding standard was an 8-bit character encoding scheme and was created by Iran System corporation for Persian language support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft codepage 1256 this standard became obsolete.
Iran Teymourtash Iran Teymourtash(1914-1991), the eldest daughter of Abdolhossein Teymourtash, is considered a pioneer among women activists in 20th century Iran. Her father's position as the second most powerful political personailty in Iran, from 1925 to 1932, afforded Iran Teymourtash the opportunity to play a prominent role in that country's women's affairs early in life.
Iran TV Network (Canada) Iran TV Network (ITN) is a Canadian category 2 Persian language digital cable television channel and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group. It broadcasts programming from Iran TV Network as well as local Canadian content.
Iran University of Science and Technology The Iran University of Science and Technology (دانشگاه علم ٠صنعت ایران) is a research institution and university of engineering and science in Iran, offering both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Located in the Northeast of Tehran, IUST and its surrounding communities provide a cultural and recreational environment suited to the work of a major research institution.
Iran's Cultural Revolution of 1980-1987 The Cultural Revolution (1980-1987)(in Persian: انقلاب Ůرهنگي) was a period after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran whereupon the Iranian theocracy purged the academia of Western and non-Islamic influences and brought them in line with Islam"State-University Power Struggle at Times of Revolution and War in Iran". The official name used by the Islamic Republic is "Cultural Revolution", yet in other circles it is also known as Islamic Cultural RevolutionThis is used to avoid confusion with the unrelated Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) in mainland China.
Iran's missile forces Despite earlier roots, Iran started its missile development program in earnest during its long and costly war with Iraq. At times, throughout the war Iran found that it could not strike certain Iraqi facilities or targets with its own forces.
Iran's Premier Football League Iran's Premier Football League known as the Iran Premier League (IPL) and now officially as the Persian Gulf Cup is the most important football league in Iran. IPL is really one of many steps in the evolution of Iranian league football.
Iran-Contra Affair The Iran-Contra Affair (also called the Iran-Contra Matter and Iran-gate) was one of the largest political scandals in the United States during the 1980s. Large volumes of documents relating to the scandal were destroyed or withheld from investigators by Reagan administration officials.
Iran-Denmark relations The first Iranian envoy to Denmark arrived in 1691 in order to negotiate the release of the Iranian-owned cargo of a Bengali ship seized by the Danish fleet. The Iranian diplomat had been issued with diplomatic credentials by Suleiman I of Persia (Shah 1666-1694) and opened negotiations with King Christian V of Denmark.
Iran-China relations Iran-China relations (Chinese: ä¸äĽŠĺ…łçł», Pinyin: ZhĹŤng-YÄ« guÄnxì), or Sino-Iran relations, date back over many centuries. In pre-Islamic times, the Parthians and Sassanids had various contacts with China, and in Islamic times, they were connected via the Silk Road.
Iran-India relations India and Iran have had close relations since ancient times. Ethnically, the Indo-Aryan peoples of the Indian subcontinent and the Iranian peoples of the Iranian plateau are descended from the same Proto-Indo-Iranian group of people.
Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War, also known as the Imposed War (جنگ ŘŞŘŮ…ŰŚŮ„ŰŚ, Jang-e-tahmÄ«lÄ«) in Iran, and SaddÄm's QÄdisiyyah (قادسيّة صدّام, QÄdisiyyat SaddÄm) in Iraq, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. It was commonly referred to as the Gulf War until the Iraq-Kuwait conflict of (1990–91), and for a while thereafter as the First Gulf War.
Iran-Israel relations Relations between Iran and Israel have alternated from close political alliances between the two states during the era of the Pahlavi dynasty to hostility following the rise to power of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Currently, the countries do not have diplomatic relations with each other.
Iran-Pakistan relations Iran and Pakistan have had relations ever since the birth of Pakistan in 1947 and was the first country to do so in terms of recognition of the newly created nation-state which at that time included what is now known as Bangladesh since 1971.
Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline The Iran-India gas pipeline dubbed the "Peace pipeline" is a proposed 2,775 km gas pipeline project to deliver gas from Iran to Pakistan and India. The project is expected to take 3 to 5 years to complete.
Iran-Palestine relations The Islamic Republic regime of Iran (established after the 1979 Iranian Revolution) does not recognize the state of Israel and instead regards it as Palestine under occupation (Iran sometimes refers to it as the Ziononist regime/movement).
Iran-Turkey pipeline The Iran-Turkey pipeline is a 2,577 km natural gas pipeline, which runs from Tabriz in North-West Iran to Ankara in Turkey. The construction of pipeline started in 1996 after gas deal between Turkish and Iranian governments, and was completed in 2001.
Iran-United Kingdom relations The United Kingdom and Persia (pre-1935 Iran) have had relations since the late Ilkhanate period when King Edward I of England sent Geoffrey de Langley to the Ilkhanid court to seek an alliance.Patrick Clawson.
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal is an international arbitral tribunal established out of an agreement between Iran and the United States, under an understanding known as the Algiers Accords of January 19 1981. The Algiers Accords were the outcome of negotiations between Iran and the United States, mediated by Algeria, to resolve a hostage crisis.
Irana Esperantisto Irana Esperantisto is an independent quarterly culture magazine, which is published in Esperanto and in Persian in Tehran and distributed internationally. Its Persian title is Payame Sabz-andishan (literally: Message of the Green-Thinkers or the Green-Adepts).
Irani Irani is a term used to denote Iranian Zoroastrians who have immigrated to India within the last two centuries, as opposed to the longer residing Parsis. Many of them immigrated during the Qajar era, when persecution of Iranian Zoroastrians was rampant.
Iranian art The Iranian Cultural Continent - consiting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry.
Iranian Air Force C-130 crash in Tehran The Iranian Air Force C-130 crash in Tehran occurred on December 6, 2005 (Azar 15, 1384) at 14:10 local time (10:40 UTC) when an Iranian Air Force C-130 military transport aircraft crashed into a ten-floor apartment building in a residential area of Tehran, the capital city of Iran.
Iranian blogs Blogging in Iran operates under special circumstances as the Iranian government tends to discourage self-expression. Blogs in general tend to be unregulated compared to other forms of expression in Iranian society.
Iranian calendar The Iranian calendar () also known as Persian calendar or the JalÄli Calendar is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. It is observation-based, rather than rule-based, beginning each year on the vernal equinox as precisely determined by astronomical observations from Tehran (or the 52.
Iranian Constitutional Revolution The Iranian Constitutional Revolution (also Persian Constitutional Revolution and Constitutional Revolution of Iran) took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution marked the beginning of the end of Iran's feudalistic society and led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran).
Iranian Crown Jewels The Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, also called the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia, is the by far largest, most dazzling and valuable jewel collection in the world. The collection is comprised of a set of crowns and thrones, some 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, jewel-studded swords and shields, a vast amount of precious loose gems, including one of the largest collections of emeralds and rubies in the world and other items collected by the Iranian/Persian monarchs the Shahs of Iran (Persia) during the 2,500 year existence of the Iranian monarchy.
Iranian diplomats kidnapping Upon invasion of Lebanon on July 4 1982, four Iranian diplomats were allegedly kidnapped by militiamen and Israeli forces at an inspection point for the Lebanese Forces in north Lebanon. Their fate was never determined but it is presumed they are dead.
Iranian Directorate The Iranian Directorate or Directorate for Iran is a unit of the Pentagon created in 2006 to deal with intelligence on Iran in the context of diplomatic and military tensions between the United States and Iran. Critics compare it with the Office of Special Plans (OSP) which dealt with controversial intelligence reports about Iraq.
Iranian Embassy Siege The Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980 was a terrorist siege of the Iranian embassy in London, United Kingdom. The siege was ended when British special forces, the Special Air Service (SAS), stormed the building in Operation Nimrod.
Iranian folk music Iran’s local melodies are some of the richest, most beautiful and most various among the folk melodies in the world. Despite all common roots the folk music in each different part of Iran has certain characteristics in correlation with its native myths, dialects, geographical and social situation and does not enjoy the unity of style.
Iranian frigate Sahand The Iranian frigate Sahand, a British-made Vosper Mark V class frigate (also known as Alvand class frigate), was commissioned as part of a four-ship order. The Iranian Navy ship was sunk in Operation Praying Mantis.
Iranian Kuwaitis Iranian immigration to the Arabian Peninsula has been continuous and very rapid since the fall of the third Persian Empire, that is from the rule of Nader Shah to the rule of the Qajar dynasty. Today, Kuwait contains to have the highest number of Iranians in the Arabian Peninsula.
Iranian languages The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family with an estimated 150-200 million native speakers today.SIL in a 2005 estimate counts a total of 87 varieties, the largest in terms of native speakers being Persian (ca.
Iranian military industry Iran's military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of sophisticated arms and equipment. According to Iranian officials, the country sold $100 million worth of military equipment in 2003and as of 2006 had exported weapons to 57 countries, including NATO] members.
Iranian monarchists Iranian monarchists are generally, but not always, affiliated with the former royal family of Iran, the Pahlavis. They are generally not appreciated by the current ruling leaders of the islamic republic, and their activities are banned in Iran.
Iranian musical instruments Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories, namely classical, Western and folk. Most of Iranian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East ,Caucasus, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
Iranian Modern and Contemporary Art A cursory glance at the history of art reveals that social, political and economic conditions have always played a major role in the emergence of new artistic currents and styles. In Iran, the social and political developments of the 1940s radically altered the evolution of this country’s plastic arts and entirely altering its natural path.
Iranian nationalism Iranian Nationalism is the term given to describe a political movement that has been in existence in the Iran for centuries to maintain Iranian identity by keeping Iranian culture and Iranian languages and oppose cultural assimilation in the long history of Iran which dates back thousands of years.
Iranian oil bourse Iran is planning to open a commodity exchange, variously referred to as the Iran Petroleum Exchange, International Oil Bourse or Iranian Oil Bourse. The acronym IOB has been used as it can be interpreted as either "International Oil Bourse" or "Iranian Oil Bourse", but it has no official status.
Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company (IOECC) Is a first Iranian general contractor, to the oil and gas industry, specializing in offshore engineering construction, pipe coating, pipelaying, and installation of jackets, topsides, etc. The Company established in 1993 and operates in the Persian Gulf having its head office in Tehran, Iran.
Iranian peoples The Iranian peoples are a collection of ethnic groups defined by their usage of Iranian languages and their descent from ancient Iranian peoples. "The Kurds of Iraq: Recent History, Future Prospects by Carole A.
Iranian plateau The Iranian plateau is a major geologic formation in West Asia between Anatolian Plateau in the northwest and the Indian Subcontinent in the southeast. The Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea bound it in the south.
Iranian presidential election, 1989 The Iranian presidential election of 1989 took place on July 28, 1989, after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the selection of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the previous President of Iran, as the new Supreme Leader of Iran. Out of the seventy-nine candidates registered to run, only two were approved by the Council of Guardians, which resulted in a very predictable win by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the previous Speaker of Majlis.
Iranian presidential election, July 1981 The Iranian presidential election of July 1981 took place on July 24, 1981 after the previous Iranian president, Abolhassan Banisadr, was impeached by the Majlis on June 21 and then by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, on June 22. This led to the election of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous prime minister, winning 13,001,761 votes out of the 14,573,803 votes cast, which was 89% of the votes.
Iranian presidential election, October 1981 The Iranian presidential election of October 1981, took place on October 2, 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim prime ministership of Mohammad Reza Mahdavi-Kani. It led to the landslide victory of Ali Khamenei.
Iranian presidential elections, October 1981 The Iranian presidential election of October 1981, took place on October 2, 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim prime ministership of Mohammad Reza Mahdavi-Kani. It led to the landslide victory of Ali Khamenei.
Iranian reformists Iranian reformists, or the Reforms Front (Persian: جبههٔ اصلاŘات) also known as 2nd of Khordad Front (Persian: جبهه ŘŻŮŮ… خرداد which refers to the date of Khatami's landslide election victory in the Iranian Calendar) are a group of political parties and organizations in Iran who supported Mohammad Khatami in his run for presidency in 1997.
Iranian Rap Typically, hip hop and rap music consists of one or more rappers who tell semi-autobiographic tales, often relating to a fictionalized counterpart, in an intensely rhythmic lyrical form making abundant use of techniques like assonance, alliteration, and rhyme. The rapper is accompanied by an instrumental track, usually referred to as a "beat", performed by a DJ, created by a producer, or one or more instrumentalists.
Iranian sex tape scandal The so-called Iranian sex tape scandal involves the public outcry and judicial proceedings against an associate film producer and a soap opera starlet accused of appearing together in an explicit sex tape, allegedly filmed for private consumption with a camcorder, a serious crime under Sharia law. The actress denies that the tape is of her, while the film producer reportedly has claimed that it is him.
Iranian Scouting Organization Iran is one of 35 countries where Scouting exists (be it embryonic or widespread) but where there is no National Scout Organization which is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement at the present time.
Iranian Studies Iranian Studies or Iranistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of Iranian cultural continent. It incorporates the study of history, literature, art and culture of Persia and modern-day Iran.
Iranian Studies Journal The Iranian Studies Journal is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to Iranian and Persianate history, literature, and society published by The International Society for Iranian Studies (ISIS). The magazine is published 4 times a year on January, March, September, and December and has been published since 1967.
Iranian Super Cup The Iranian Super Cup is an Iranian association football trophy awarded to the winner of a match between the Iranian Premier League's season champion and the winner of the Hazfi Cup. It is similar to numerous other Super Cup tournaments held in other countries.
Iranian theory regarding the origin of the Azerbaijanis The Iranian theory regarding the origin of the Azerbaijanis seeks to prove a link between present-day Azeris and their pre-Turkification Iranian past. This theory is supported by historical accounts, the ancient Azari language, present day place names, cultural similarities between Iranian peoples and Azeri's, archaeological evidence, and DNA testing.
Iranian-American Iranian-Americans (sometimes called Persian-Americans) are Americans of Iranian descent, including those who are expatriates in exile or permanent immigrants. Many Persians who are born in America identify with the status of Iranian-American.
Iranican Iranican is a Live Iranian talk show that airs Saturdays 11AM-Noon PST on Persian News Network Pnn (See a List of Persian language television channels). Iranican was pioneered as a talk show by 8 Iranians in the California Bay Area in their early 20's on Saturday October 8, 2005.
Iranites The Iranites, The Iranaeic Fellowship of God, are members of a Christian organization whose core beliefs include pacifism (Doric Greek ΕιĎανη = Attic-Ionic Greek ΕιĎηνη = "peace"). Iranites are evangelical and believe in the Bible as the only source for faith and practice.
Irano-Anatolian The Irano-Anatolian region is a biodiversity hotspot designated by Conservation International, extending across portions of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. It includes highlands of the central and eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the Zagros, Alborz, and Kopet Dag mountain ranges.
Irapuato Irapuato is a city in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, lying on the Irapuato River, a tributary of the Lerma River. According to the 2000 census, it had a population of 440,134, living in an area of 845,16 km² which is 2.
Iraq and weapons of mass destruction Iraq and weapons of mass destruction concerns the Iraqi government's use, possession, and alleged intention of acquiring more types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. During his reign of several decades, he was internationally known for his use of chemical weapons in the 1980s against civilians and in the Iran-Iraq War.
Iraq Body Count project The Iraq Body Count project (IBC) is an attempt to record civilian deaths resulting from the 2003 invasion of Iraq and occupation. Civilian deaths counted are those attributable to coalition and insurgent military action, sectarian violence and increased criminal violence.
Iraq Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Council Iraq was one of the first Arab nations to embrace the Scouting movement, launching its program in 1921, just two years after the League of Nations had created the country out of the old Ottoman Empire. Iraq was a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1922 to 1940, and again from 1956 to 1999.
Iraq document leak 18 September 2004 On 18 September 2004 the British Daily Telegraph ran two articles entitled "Secret papers show Blair was warned of Iraq chaos" and 'Failure is not an option, but it doesn't mean they will avoid it' by reporter Michael Smith, revealing the contents of six leaked British government documents – labelled "secret" or "confidential" – concerning the lead-up to the war in Iraq.
Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers is a documentary about the ongoing Iraq War and the behavior of companies with no-bid contracts working within Iraq. The movie was made by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films.
Iraq Petroleum Company The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), until 1929 called Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), was an oil company jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies, which had virtual monopoly on all oil exploration in Iraq from 1925 to 1961.
Iraq Research Project Below is a rough outline to the Iraq Research Project. Each major heading has subheadings where people can add their own personal research and analysis and if you want to include another topic into the project, feel free to add headings.
Iraq Resolution "Iraq Resolution" and "Iraq War Resolution" are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (Public law 107-243, 116 Stat. 1497-1502) was a law passed by the United States Congress authorizing what was soon to become the Iraq War.
Iraq sanctions United Nations sanctions against Iraq were imposed by the United Nations in 1990 following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and continued until the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. They were perhaps the toughest, most comprehensive sanctions in history, and have caused much controversy over the humanitarian impact, culminating with two senior UN representatives in Iraq resigning in protest of the sanctions.
Iraq Study Group The Iraq Study Group (ISG), also known as the Baker-Hamilton Commission, was a ten-person bipartisan panel appointed on March 15, 2006, by the United States Congress, that was charged with assessing the situation in Iraq and the US-led Iraq War and making policy recommendations. It was first proposed by Virginia Republican Representative Frank Wolf.
Iraq Study Group Report The Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward – A New Approach is the report of the Iraq Study Group, as mandated by the United States Congress. It is an assessment of the state of the war in Iraq as of December 6, 2006, when the ISG released the report to the public on the Internet and as a published book.
Iraq Survey Group The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) was a fact-finding mission sent by the multinational force in Iraq after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Its final report is commonly called the Duelfer Report.
Irad Irad (עִירָד "Wild ass; dragon", Standard Hebrew ĘżIrad, Tiberian Hebrew ʿÎrÄḏ), is a descendant of Qayin in the genealogies of Adam, the lists of antediluvian patriarchs given in the Torah. In the Book of Moses, he is a victim of murder by Lamech, descendant of Cain, according to Latter-day Saint scripture.
Irada Ashumova Irada Ashumova (born February 25, 1958) is an Azerbaijani sport shooter who competed in the 25 m Pistol competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal. She won a silver medal in the 2002 World Championships.
Iraj Afshar Iraj Afshar(Born in 1925 Tehran) is a notable Persian literary figure, bibliographer, historian, cultural theorist and world-class Iranologist. He is a consulting editor of Encyclopedia Iranica at Columbia University and (full) professor emeritus of Tehran University.
Iraj Bashiri Iraj Bashiri is one of the leading scholars in the fields of Central Asian Studies and Iranian Studies. Fluent in English, Persian, Tajik, and several Turkic languages, Bashiri has been able to study and translate works otherwise inaccessible to the mostly Russian-speaking Central Asian studies community.
Irakleio, Attica Irakleio (Greek, modern: ΗĎάκλειο, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on), alternative and older forms: Heraklion and Iraklio, is a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece. Heraklio is divided into three parts, Palaio Heraklio and Neo Heraklio and Ano Heraklio.
Irakli Alasania Irakli Alasania (Georgian: áá áá™ášá áášááˇááśáá) (born December 21 1973, Batumi, Ajaria, Georgia) is a Georgian politician and the former Chairman of the Government of Abkhazia-in-exile and an envoy of the President of Georgia at the Georgian-Abkhaz talks. His father General Mamia Alasania was killed during the Sukhumi Massacre on September 27, 1993.
Irakli Chogovadze Irakli Chogovadze served as the Minister of Economy of Georgia until Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili appointed him head of the Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation. Saakashvilli replaced Chogovadze with Irakli Okruashvili, who served as Defense Minister when the President reshuffled the cabinet.
Irakli Okruashvili Irakli Okhruashvili (born in 1973 in Tskhinvali, Georgia) has served as the Deputy Minister of Justice, Prosecutor General, Minister of Internal Affairs, Defense Minister, and most recently was appointed as the Minister for Economic Development before his resignation after one week from the appointment.
Irakli Tsereteli Irakli Tsereteli (also spelled Irakly Tsereteli) (Georgian: áá áá™ášá á¬á”á á”á—á”ášá) commonly known as Kaki Tsereteli (1881–1959) was a Georgian politician, one of the leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and the Georgian Mensheviks.
Irama Irama is a concept used in Javanese gamelan music, which relates to how much space there is between notes. It is often confused with tempo, although tempo (Javanese: laya) is different, and each irama can be played in different tempi.
Iramba Iramba is one of the four districts of the Singida Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the Northwest by the Shinyanga Region, to the Northeast by the Manyara Region, to the South by the Singida Rural and Singida Urban Districts and to the West by the Tabora Region.
Irami Matairavula Irami Ului Matairavula is a Fijian politician, who currently serves up the House of Representatives. He holds the Tailevu South Fijian Communal Constituency, which he won for the ruling United Fiji Party (SDL) in the parliamentary election of September 2001, defeating the incumbent Esira Rabuno, an independent formerly of the Fijian Association Party (FAP).
Iran airshow The Iran Airshow is an aviation airshow held in Kish, Iran. Its first airshow was in 2002 on Kish island, where 11 foreign companies participated from France, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Britain, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Italy, Pakistan, Slovakia and Switzerland.
Iran and weapons of mass destruction As of 2006, Iran is not known to possess weapons of mass destruction and has signed treaties repudiating possession of them, including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). A number of countries, including the U.
Iran at the 1900 Summer Olympics One fencer of Persian nationality competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, thereby making him the first Olympic competitor for Iran. It would not be until the 1948 Summer Olympics until the nation sent a team to compete at the Olympic Games.
Iran at the 2007 Asian Winter Games Iran, International Olympic Committee designation: Islamic Republic of Iran will participate in the 2007 Asian Winter Games which will be held in Changchun, China from January 28, 2007 to February 4, 2007.2007 Winter Asiad official website
Iran at the Summer Olympics Iran made its first official appearance at the Summer Olympic Games at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. However, some sources consider Freydoun Malkom, a fencer who competed in the épée event in the 1900 Summer Olympics, of Persian nationality, and therefore, Iran's first Olympic competitor.
Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) was established in 1976 and belongs to the Iranian Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO). The company has thousands of square meters of available grounds and 250,000 square meters of shops and hangars are allocated to A/C part manufacturing, assembling, laboratories, flight test facilities and shops of preparation for production.
Iran Ajr The Iran Ajr, formerly known as the Arya Rakhsh, was a Japanese-built amphibious assault ship used by Iran to lay naval mines during the Iran-Iraq War. Built in 1978, the 614-ton, 54-meter ship was powered by two diesel engines and featured a bow ramp for unloading cargo.
Iran Aseman Airlines Iran Aseman Airlines is an airline based in Tehran, Iran. It operates air taxi services and scheduled domestic and regional flights to the Persian Gulf area, Charters are also operated, Its main base is Mehrabad International Airport (THR), Tehran, with hubs at Shiraz International Airport, Mashhad International Airport (MHD) and Dubai International Airport (DXB).
Iran Aviation Industries Organization Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO) was established in 1966 for planning, controlling, and managing the aviation industries of the Iranian armed forces for better use of extra resources and capabilities aiming to serve domestic and forging industries.
Iran Bioinformatics Center Iran Bioinformatics Center (IBC) is the only academic center in Iran working on Bioinformatics. Although there are some independant research groups such as Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Unit in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences working on Bioinformatics but IBC is a part of Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry (IBB) in Tehran University.
Iran crisis The Iran crisis was an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. The cause of the crisis was Soviet refusal to relinquish Iranian territories occupied by the Red Army in the aftermath of UK and Soviet occupation of Iran in 1942.
Iran Freedom and Support Act The Iran Freedom and Support Act of 2005 (S. 333) is an act passed by the United States Congress that appropriates $10 million and directs the President of the United States to spend that money in support of groups opposed to the Iranian government.
Iran hostage crisis The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic crisis lasting from November 4, 1979 until January 20, 1981. The situation involved members of the "Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line," student proxies of the new Iranian regime, holding 63 diplomats and three additional U.
Iran Policy Committee The Iran Policy Committee (IPC), formed in January 2005, is a pressure group meant to influence US government policy towards Iran. IPC is made up of former White House, State Department, Pentagon and CIA officials.
Iran student riots, July 1999 Iranian Student Protests of July, 1999 (Also known as 18th of Tir and Kuye Daneshgah Disaster (Persian: Ůاجعه Ú©ŮŰŚ دانشگاه ) in Iran) (7-13 Julywere the most widespread and violent public protests in Iran], since the early years of the [[Iranian Revolution.
Iran System encoding standard Iran System encoding standard was an 8-bit character encoding scheme and was created by Iran System corporation for Persian language support. This standard was in use in Iran in DOS-based programs and after introduction of Microsoft codepage 1256 this standard became obsolete.
Iran Teymourtash Iran Teymourtash(1914-1991), the eldest daughter of Abdolhossein Teymourtash, is considered a pioneer among women activists in 20th century Iran. Her father's position as the second most powerful political personailty in Iran, from 1925 to 1932, afforded Iran Teymourtash the opportunity to play a prominent role in that country's women's affairs early in life.
Iran TV Network (Canada) Iran TV Network (ITN) is a Canadian category 2 Persian language digital cable television channel and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group. It broadcasts programming from Iran TV Network as well as local Canadian content.
Iran University of Science and Technology The Iran University of Science and Technology (دانشگاه علم ٠صنعت ایران) is a research institution and university of engineering and science in Iran, offering both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Located in the Northeast of Tehran, IUST and its surrounding communities provide a cultural and recreational environment suited to the work of a major research institution.
Iran's Cultural Revolution of 1980-1987 The Cultural Revolution (1980-1987)(in Persian: انقلاب Ůرهنگي) was a period after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran whereupon the Iranian theocracy purged the academia of Western and non-Islamic influences and brought them in line with Islam"State-University Power Struggle at Times of Revolution and War in Iran". The official name used by the Islamic Republic is "Cultural Revolution", yet in other circles it is also known as Islamic Cultural RevolutionThis is used to avoid confusion with the unrelated Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) in mainland China.
Iran's missile forces Despite earlier roots, Iran started its missile development program in earnest during its long and costly war with Iraq. At times, throughout the war Iran found that it could not strike certain Iraqi facilities or targets with its own forces.
Iran's Premier Football League Iran's Premier Football League known as the Iran Premier League (IPL) and now officially as the Persian Gulf Cup is the most important football league in Iran. IPL is really one of many steps in the evolution of Iranian league football.
Iran-Contra Affair The Iran-Contra Affair (also called the Iran-Contra Matter and Iran-gate) was one of the largest political scandals in the United States during the 1980s. Large volumes of documents relating to the scandal were destroyed or withheld from investigators by Reagan administration officials.
Iran-Denmark relations The first Iranian envoy to Denmark arrived in 1691 in order to negotiate the release of the Iranian-owned cargo of a Bengali ship seized by the Danish fleet. The Iranian diplomat had been issued with diplomatic credentials by Suleiman I of Persia (Shah 1666-1694) and opened negotiations with King Christian V of Denmark.
Iran-China relations Iran-China relations (Chinese: ä¸äĽŠĺ…łçł», Pinyin: ZhĹŤng-YÄ« guÄnxì), or Sino-Iran relations, date back over many centuries. In pre-Islamic times, the Parthians and Sassanids had various contacts with China, and in Islamic times, they were connected via the Silk Road.
Iran-India relations India and Iran have had close relations since ancient times. Ethnically, the Indo-Aryan peoples of the Indian subcontinent and the Iranian peoples of the Iranian plateau are descended from the same Proto-Indo-Iranian group of people.
Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War, also known as the Imposed War (جنگ ŘŞŘŮ…ŰŚŮ„ŰŚ, Jang-e-tahmÄ«lÄ«) in Iran, and SaddÄm's QÄdisiyyah (قادسيّة صدّام, QÄdisiyyat SaddÄm) in Iraq, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. It was commonly referred to as the Gulf War until the Iraq-Kuwait conflict of (1990–91), and for a while thereafter as the First Gulf War.
Iran-Israel relations Relations between Iran and Israel have alternated from close political alliances between the two states during the era of the Pahlavi dynasty to hostility following the rise to power of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Currently, the countries do not have diplomatic relations with each other.
Iran-Pakistan relations Iran and Pakistan have had relations ever since the birth of Pakistan in 1947 and was the first country to do so in terms of recognition of the newly created nation-state which at that time included what is now known as Bangladesh since 1971.
Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline The Iran-India gas pipeline dubbed the "Peace pipeline" is a proposed 2,775 km gas pipeline project to deliver gas from Iran to Pakistan and India. The project is expected to take 3 to 5 years to complete.
Iran-Palestine relations The Islamic Republic regime of Iran (established after the 1979 Iranian Revolution) does not recognize the state of Israel and instead regards it as Palestine under occupation (Iran sometimes refers to it as the Ziononist regime/movement).
Iran-Turkey pipeline The Iran-Turkey pipeline is a 2,577 km natural gas pipeline, which runs from Tabriz in North-West Iran to Ankara in Turkey. The construction of pipeline started in 1996 after gas deal between Turkish and Iranian governments, and was completed in 2001.
Iran-United Kingdom relations The United Kingdom and Persia (pre-1935 Iran) have had relations since the late Ilkhanate period when King Edward I of England sent Geoffrey de Langley to the Ilkhanid court to seek an alliance.Patrick Clawson.
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal is an international arbitral tribunal established out of an agreement between Iran and the United States, under an understanding known as the Algiers Accords of January 19 1981. The Algiers Accords were the outcome of negotiations between Iran and the United States, mediated by Algeria, to resolve a hostage crisis.
Irana Esperantisto Irana Esperantisto is an independent quarterly culture magazine, which is published in Esperanto and in Persian in Tehran and distributed internationally. Its Persian title is Payame Sabz-andishan (literally: Message of the Green-Thinkers or the Green-Adepts).
Irani Irani is a term used to denote Iranian Zoroastrians who have immigrated to India within the last two centuries, as opposed to the longer residing Parsis. Many of them immigrated during the Qajar era, when persecution of Iranian Zoroastrians was rampant.
Iranian art The Iranian Cultural Continent - consiting of the modern nations Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and surrounding regions - is home to one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many disciplines including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stone masonry.
Iranian Air Force C-130 crash in Tehran The Iranian Air Force C-130 crash in Tehran occurred on December 6, 2005 (Azar 15, 1384) at 14:10 local time (10:40 UTC) when an Iranian Air Force C-130 military transport aircraft crashed into a ten-floor apartment building in a residential area of Tehran, the capital city of Iran.
Iranian blogs Blogging in Iran operates under special circumstances as the Iranian government tends to discourage self-expression. Blogs in general tend to be unregulated compared to other forms of expression in Iranian society.
Iranian calendar The Iranian calendar () also known as Persian calendar or the JalÄli Calendar is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. It is observation-based, rather than rule-based, beginning each year on the vernal equinox as precisely determined by astronomical observations from Tehran (or the 52.
Iranian Constitutional Revolution The Iranian Constitutional Revolution (also Persian Constitutional Revolution and Constitutional Revolution of Iran) took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution marked the beginning of the end of Iran's feudalistic society and led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran).
Iranian Crown Jewels The Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, also called the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia, is the by far largest, most dazzling and valuable jewel collection in the world. The collection is comprised of a set of crowns and thrones, some 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, jewel-studded swords and shields, a vast amount of precious loose gems, including one of the largest collections of emeralds and rubies in the world and other items collected by the Iranian/Persian monarchs the Shahs of Iran (Persia) during the 2,500 year existence of the Iranian monarchy.
Iranian diplomats kidnapping Upon invasion of Lebanon on July 4 1982, four Iranian diplomats were allegedly kidnapped by militiamen and Israeli forces at an inspection point for the Lebanese Forces in north Lebanon. Their fate was never determined but it is presumed they are dead.
Iranian Directorate The Iranian Directorate or Directorate for Iran is a unit of the Pentagon created in 2006 to deal with intelligence on Iran in the context of diplomatic and military tensions between the United States and Iran. Critics compare it with the Office of Special Plans (OSP) which dealt with controversial intelligence reports about Iraq.
Iranian Embassy Siege The Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980 was a terrorist siege of the Iranian embassy in London, United Kingdom. The siege was ended when British special forces, the Special Air Service (SAS), stormed the building in Operation Nimrod.
Iranian folk music Iran’s local melodies are some of the richest, most beautiful and most various among the folk melodies in the world. Despite all common roots the folk music in each different part of Iran has certain characteristics in correlation with its native myths, dialects, geographical and social situation and does not enjoy the unity of style.
Iranian frigate Sahand The Iranian frigate Sahand, a British-made Vosper Mark V class frigate (also known as Alvand class frigate), was commissioned as part of a four-ship order. The Iranian Navy ship was sunk in Operation Praying Mantis.
Iranian Kuwaitis Iranian immigration to the Arabian Peninsula has been continuous and very rapid since the fall of the third Persian Empire, that is from the rule of Nader Shah to the rule of the Qajar dynasty. Today, Kuwait contains to have the highest number of Iranians in the Arabian Peninsula.
Iranian languages The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family with an estimated 150-200 million native speakers today.SIL in a 2005 estimate counts a total of 87 varieties, the largest in terms of native speakers being Persian (ca.
Iranian military industry Iran's military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of sophisticated arms and equipment. According to Iranian officials, the country sold $100 million worth of military equipment in 2003and as of 2006 had exported weapons to 57 countries, including NATO] members.
Iranian monarchists Iranian monarchists are generally, but not always, affiliated with the former royal family of Iran, the Pahlavis. They are generally not appreciated by the current ruling leaders of the islamic republic, and their activities are banned in Iran.
Iranian musical instruments Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories, namely classical, Western and folk. Most of Iranian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East ,Caucasus, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
Iranian Modern and Contemporary Art A cursory glance at the history of art reveals that social, political and economic conditions have always played a major role in the emergence of new artistic currents and styles. In Iran, the social and political developments of the 1940s radically altered the evolution of this country’s plastic arts and entirely altering its natural path.
Iranian nationalism Iranian Nationalism is the term given to describe a political movement that has been in existence in the Iran for centuries to maintain Iranian identity by keeping Iranian culture and Iranian languages and oppose cultural assimilation in the long history of Iran which dates back thousands of years.
Iranian oil bourse Iran is planning to open a commodity exchange, variously referred to as the Iran Petroleum Exchange, International Oil Bourse or Iranian Oil Bourse. The acronym IOB has been used as it can be interpreted as either "International Oil Bourse" or "Iranian Oil Bourse", but it has no official status.
Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company (IOECC) Is a first Iranian general contractor, to the oil and gas industry, specializing in offshore engineering construction, pipe coating, pipelaying, and installation of jackets, topsides, etc. The Company established in 1993 and operates in the Persian Gulf having its head office in Tehran, Iran.
Iranian peoples The Iranian peoples are a collection of ethnic groups defined by their usage of Iranian languages and their descent from ancient Iranian peoples. "The Kurds of Iraq: Recent History, Future Prospects by Carole A.
Iranian plateau The Iranian plateau is a major geologic formation in West Asia between Anatolian Plateau in the northwest and the Indian Subcontinent in the southeast. The Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea bound it in the south.
Iranian presidential election, 1989 The Iranian presidential election of 1989 took place on July 28, 1989, after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the selection of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the previous President of Iran, as the new Supreme Leader of Iran. Out of the seventy-nine candidates registered to run, only two were approved by the Council of Guardians, which resulted in a very predictable win by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the previous Speaker of Majlis.
Iranian presidential election, July 1981 The Iranian presidential election of July 1981 took place on July 24, 1981 after the previous Iranian president, Abolhassan Banisadr, was impeached by the Majlis on June 21 and then by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, on June 22. This led to the election of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous prime minister, winning 13,001,761 votes out of the 14,573,803 votes cast, which was 89% of the votes.
Iranian presidential election, October 1981 The Iranian presidential election of October 1981, took place on October 2, 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim prime ministership of Mohammad Reza Mahdavi-Kani. It led to the landslide victory of Ali Khamenei.
Iranian presidential elections, October 1981 The Iranian presidential election of October 1981, took place on October 2, 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim prime ministership of Mohammad Reza Mahdavi-Kani. It led to the landslide victory of Ali Khamenei.
Iranian reformists Iranian reformists, or the Reforms Front (Persian: جبههٔ اصلاŘات) also known as 2nd of Khordad Front (Persian: جبهه ŘŻŮŮ… خرداد which refers to the date of Khatami's landslide election victory in the Iranian Calendar) are a group of political parties and organizations in Iran who supported Mohammad Khatami in his run for presidency in 1997.
Iranian Rap Typically, hip hop and rap music consists of one or more rappers who tell semi-autobiographic tales, often relating to a fictionalized counterpart, in an intensely rhythmic lyrical form making abundant use of techniques like assonance, alliteration, and rhyme. The rapper is accompanied by an instrumental track, usually referred to as a "beat", performed by a DJ, created by a producer, or one or more instrumentalists.
Iranian sex tape scandal The so-called Iranian sex tape scandal involves the public outcry and judicial proceedings against an associate film producer and a soap opera starlet accused of appearing together in an explicit sex tape, allegedly filmed for private consumption with a camcorder, a serious crime under Sharia law. The actress denies that the tape is of her, while the film producer reportedly has claimed that it is him.
Iranian Scouting Organization Iran is one of 35 countries where Scouting exists (be it embryonic or widespread) but where there is no National Scout Organization which is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement at the present time.
Iranian Studies Iranian Studies or Iranistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of Iranian cultural continent. It incorporates the study of history, literature, art and culture of Persia and modern-day Iran.
Iranian Studies Journal The Iranian Studies Journal is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to Iranian and Persianate history, literature, and society published by The International Society for Iranian Studies (ISIS). The magazine is published 4 times a year on January, March, September, and December and has been published since 1967.
Iranian Super Cup The Iranian Super Cup is an Iranian association football trophy awarded to the winner of a match between the Iranian Premier League's season champion and the winner of the Hazfi Cup. It is similar to numerous other Super Cup tournaments held in other countries.
Iranian theory regarding the origin of the Azerbaijanis The Iranian theory regarding the origin of the Azerbaijanis seeks to prove a link between present-day Azeris and their pre-Turkification Iranian past. This theory is supported by historical accounts, the ancient Azari language, present day place names, cultural similarities between Iranian peoples and Azeri's, archaeological evidence, and DNA testing.
Iranian-American Iranian-Americans (sometimes called Persian-Americans) are Americans of Iranian descent, including those who are expatriates in exile or permanent immigrants. Many Persians who are born in America identify with the status of Iranian-American.
Iranican Iranican is a Live Iranian talk show that airs Saturdays 11AM-Noon PST on Persian News Network Pnn (See a List of Persian language television channels). Iranican was pioneered as a talk show by 8 Iranians in the California Bay Area in their early 20's on Saturday October 8, 2005.
Iranites The Iranites, The Iranaeic Fellowship of God, are members of a Christian organization whose core beliefs include pacifism (Doric Greek ΕιĎανη = Attic-Ionic Greek ΕιĎηνη = "peace"). Iranites are evangelical and believe in the Bible as the only source for faith and practice.
Irano-Anatolian The Irano-Anatolian region is a biodiversity hotspot designated by Conservation International, extending across portions of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. It includes highlands of the central and eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the Zagros, Alborz, and Kopet Dag mountain ranges.
Irapuato Irapuato is a city in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, lying on the Irapuato River, a tributary of the Lerma River. According to the 2000 census, it had a population of 440,134, living in an area of 845,16 km² which is 2.
Iraq and weapons of mass destruction Iraq and weapons of mass destruction concerns the Iraqi government's use, possession, and alleged intention of acquiring more types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. During his reign of several decades, he was internationally known for his use of chemical weapons in the 1980s against civilians and in the Iran-Iraq War.
Iraq Body Count project The Iraq Body Count project (IBC) is an attempt to record civilian deaths resulting from the 2003 invasion of Iraq and occupation. Civilian deaths counted are those attributable to coalition and insurgent military action, sectarian violence and increased criminal violence.
Iraq Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Council Iraq was one of the first Arab nations to embrace the Scouting movement, launching its program in 1921, just two years after the League of Nations had created the country out of the old Ottoman Empire. Iraq was a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1922 to 1940, and again from 1956 to 1999.
Iraq document leak 18 September 2004 On 18 September 2004 the British Daily Telegraph ran two articles entitled "Secret papers show Blair was warned of Iraq chaos" and 'Failure is not an option, but it doesn't mean they will avoid it' by reporter Michael Smith, revealing the contents of six leaked British government documents – labelled "secret" or "confidential" – concerning the lead-up to the war in Iraq.
Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers is a documentary about the ongoing Iraq War and the behavior of companies with no-bid contracts working within Iraq. The movie was made by Robert Greenwald and Brave New Films.
Iraq Petroleum Company The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), until 1929 called Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), was an oil company jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies, which had virtual monopoly on all oil exploration in Iraq from 1925 to 1961.
Iraq Research Project Below is a rough outline to the Iraq Research Project. Each major heading has subheadings where people can add their own personal research and analysis and if you want to include another topic into the project, feel free to add headings.
Iraq Resolution "Iraq Resolution" and "Iraq War Resolution" are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (Public law 107-243, 116 Stat. 1497-1502) was a law passed by the United States Congress authorizing what was soon to become the Iraq War.
Iraq sanctions United Nations sanctions against Iraq were imposed by the United Nations in 1990 following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and continued until the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. They were perhaps the toughest, most comprehensive sanctions in history, and have caused much controversy over the humanitarian impact, culminating with two senior UN representatives in Iraq resigning in protest of the sanctions.
Iraq Study Group The Iraq Study Group (ISG), also known as the Baker-Hamilton Commission, was a ten-person bipartisan panel appointed on March 15, 2006, by the United States Congress, that was charged with assessing the situation in Iraq and the US-led Iraq War and making policy recommendations. It was first proposed by Virginia Republican Representative Frank Wolf.
Iraq Study Group Report The Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward – A New Approach is the report of the Iraq Study Group, as mandated by the United States Congress. It is an assessment of the state of the war in Iraq as of December 6, 2006, when the ISG released the report to the public on the Internet and as a published book.
Iraq Survey Group The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) was a fact-finding mission sent by the multinational force in Iraq after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Its final report is commonly called the Duelfer Report.
Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.
Encyklopedie (cz) Encyklopédia (sk) Enzyklopädie (de)