Encyclopedia

Irish Bulletin The Irish Bulletin was the official newspaper of the short-lived Irish Republic. It appeared in weekly editions from 11 november 1919 to 11 july 1921, under the editorship of Desmond FitzGerald and Robert Erskine Childers.
Irish calendar The Irish calendar does not observe the typical astronomical seasons (beginning, in the Northern Hemisphere, on the equinoxes and solstices), or the meteorological seasons (beginning on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1), but rather centers the seasons around the solstices and equinoxes (so that, for instance, midsummer falls on the summer solstice), beginning the seasons at the approximate halfway points between solstice and equinox, following the seasons of the ancient Celts (see below) which are pre-Christian in origin. This Celtic origin is particularly evident in the Irish naming of many of the months: some names, like May (Bealtaine), August (Lughnasadh/LĂşnasa) and November (Samhain, sometimes also in the form of MĂ­ na Samhna) were the names of pagan Celtic festivals.
Irish clans Irish clans are officially recognized groups of people who either share a surname or are descended from people who bore the surname. Since 1989, the government of the Republic of Ireland has recognized a charity called "Clans of Ireland" as the official registrar of these groups.
Irish coffee A classic Irish coffee consists of hot coffee, Irish whiskey and sugar, with double cream, whipped until it begins to stiffen, floated on top. Irish coffee can be considered to be a variation on the hot toddy.
Irish community in Britain From earliest recorded history to the present day there has been a continuous movement of people between the islands of Ireland and Great Britain due to their close proximity. This tide of people has ebbed and flowed in response to politics, economics and social conditions of both places.
Irish crochet Irish crochet is a type of lace, which has its origin in the famine years of the 19th century in Ireland. This type of lace is characterized by separately crocheted motifs which were later assembled into a mesh background.
Irish Citizen Army The Irish Citizen Army (Irish name: Arm Saoránach na hÉireann), or ICA, was a small group of trained volunteers established in Dublin for the defense of worker’s demonstrations from the police. It was formed by James Larkin and Jack White.
Irish Civil War The Irish Civil War (June 28 1922 – May 24 1923) was a conflict between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, which established the Irish Free State, precursor of today's Republic of Ireland. Opponents of the treaty objected to the fact that it retained constitutional links between the United Kingdom and Ireland and that the six counties of Northern Ireland would not be included in the Free State.
Irish College Irish Colleges were centres of education for Irish Catholic clergy and lay people on continental Europe in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The Colleges were set up to educate Catholics from Ireland in their own religion following the takeover of the country by the Protestant English state in the Tudor re-conquest of Ireland.
Irish Competition Law The Irish Competition Law is the Irish body of legal rules designed to ensure fairness and freedom in the marketplace. It is comparable to, but different in certain key respects, from European Union competition law.
Irish Confederate Wars The Irish Confederate Wars, also sometimes called the Eleven Years War, were fought in Ireland between 1641 and 1653. The Wars were the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms - a series of civil wars in Kingdoms of Ireland, England and Scotland (all ruled by Charles I of England) that also included the English Civil War and Scottish Civil War.
Irish Congress of Trade Unions The Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU), formed in 1959 by the merger of the Irish Trade Union Congress (founded in 1894) and the Congress of Irish Unions (founded in 1945), is the organisation to which trade unions in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland affiliate. There are currently 57 unions with membership of the ICTU, representing about 750,000 members.
Irish Conservative Party The Irish Conservative Party, often called the Irish Tories, was one of the dominant Irish political parties in Ireland in the 19th century. Throughout much of the century it and the Irish Liberal Party battled for electoral dominance among Ireland's small electorate, with various parties such as the movements of Daniel O'Connell and later the Independent Irish Party relegated into third place.
Irish Continental Irish Continental Group plc, more usually known by its trading name Irish Ferries is a quoted Irish Ferry operator. The company operates on the Dublin Port (North Wall) - Holyhead route, and from Rosslare Europort to Roscoff, Cherbourg, and Pembroke.
Irish Convention The Irish Convention was an assembly which sat in Ireland from July 1917 until March 1918 to address the Irish Question and other constitutional problems relating to an early enactment of self-government for Ireland, to debate its wider future, discuss and come to an understanding on recommendations as to the best manner and means this goal could be achieved. It was called by the Prime Minister of Britain Lloyd George in June 1917 and was composed of representative Irishmen from different political parties and spheres of interest.
Irish Crown Jewels The Irish Crown Jewels were heavily jewelled insignia of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick. They were worn by the sovereign at the installation of knights of that order, the Irish equivalent of the English Order of the Garter and the Scottish Order of the Thistle.
Irish diaspora The Irish diaspora consists of Irish emigrants and their descendants in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Mexico, South Africa and states of the Caribbean and continental Europe. The diaspora, maximally interpreted, contains over 80 million people, which is over fourteen times the population of the island of Ireland itself (5.
Irish diplomatic missions The Republic of Ireland has diplomatic relations with 161 foreign governments.Department of Foreign Affairs: DFA Overview — Irish government information website, accessed 18 December 2006 The Irish government has 74 missions across the world, including 55 embassies, 8 multilateral missions and 8 Consulates General and other offices.
Irish Daily Mail The Irish Daily Mail is a tabloid newspaper published in the Republic of Ireland by Associated Newspapers. The paper was launched in February 2006 with a launch strategy that included giving away free copies on the first day of circulation and low pricing subsequently.
Irish Daily Star The Irish Daily Star (formerly known simply as The Star, and known in Northern Ireland as The Irish Star) is a tabloid newspaper published in Ireland by Independent Star Limited. It was first published on 29 February 1988.
Irish Damselfly The Irish Damselfly (Coenagrion lunulatum) is a damselfly found in northern Europe; outside northern Finland the species is rare. Its English name comes from the fact that it is found in Ireland but not in Britain.
Irish Deaf Society The Irish Deaf Society (IDS) is the national representative organisation of the deaf, serving the interest of the Deaf community. It upholds the status of Irish Sign Language (ISL), which is the first and preferred language of Deaf people in Ireland.
Irish Deaf Youth Association The IDYA is an organisation which was set up for the eighteen to thirty age group in Ireland to ensure that young Deaf people were being represented on a national level. They are affiliated to the Irish Deaf Society, European Union of the Deaf Youth and the World Federation of the Deaf Youth Section (or WFDYs).
Irish Defence Forces cap badge The Irish Defence Forces Cap Badge, or "FF badge" as it is sometimes called, unlike British, Commonwealth and other militaries worldwide, is common to all services and corps. Although mostly associated with the Irish Army—in fact, Defence Force regulations describe it as "the Army Badge"—it is worn by and appears in elements of Naval Service and Air Corps insignia.
Irish Derby Stakes The Irish Derby is a Group 1 flat horse race in the Republic of Ireland for three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies run over a distance of 1 mile 4 furlongs (2,414 metres) at the Curragh, County Kildare in late June / early July.
Irish Downloads Chart The Irish Downloads Chart is a chart compiled by IRMA to measure the downloads of individual tracks from a number of online stores. It's current contributors are iTunes, Eircom Music Club, Vodafone, Sony Connect, Bleep, Wippit ,easyMusic and 3ireland.
Irish Draught The Irish Draught horse, sometimes called the Irish Draft, is the national breed of Ireland which developed primarily for farm use. Today, they are especially popular for crossing with Thoroughbreds, producing the popular Irish Sport Horses (or Irish Horses) that excel at the highest levels of eventing and show jumping.
Irish elections, 1921 Two elections in Ireland took place in 1921, as a result of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 to establish the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. The election was used by Irish Republicans as the basis of membership of the Second Dáil.
Irish euro coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by the hand of Jarlath Hayes, that of the harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Boru Harp, housed in Trinity College, Dublin, and said to have once been owned by ancient High King of Ireland, Brian Boru. The same harp is used as the official seals of the Taoiseach, and government ministers and the Official Seal of the President of Ireland.
Irish Enterprise Exchange The Irish Enterprise Exchange (IEX) is a stock exchange that was launched on 12 April 2005 to replace the Irish Stock Exchange's Exploration Securities Market and Developing Companies' Market. It currently has a total of twenty-two listings and requirements for listing include a market capitalisation of €5m.
Irish European Constitution referendum The Irish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe is a referendum was expected to have be held in 2006 but has now been indefinitely postponed. If it is ever held it will decide whether the Republic of Ireland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
Irish Examiner The Irish Examiner (Formerly: Cork Examiner, The Examiner) is an Irish national daily newspaper which primarily circulates in the Munster region surrounding its base in Cork, though it is available throughout the country.
Irish farm subdivision The Popery Act (Penal Law) of 1704 required land held (typically in tenancy) by Roman Catholics to be divided equally between all the sons, both legitimate and illegitimate, on his death. In Ireland, this practiceIt has been argued that this custom had existed to pre-Norman times and covered not merely land inheritance, but even inheritance of Irish kingships, where Irish monarchs and chieftains were not succeeded by their oldest son but by [one] family member elected by and from five generations of family members.
Irish farthing coin The farthing coin () was the smallest value coin of the pre-decimal Irish pound at 1/960 of the pound, ÂĽd. Long before decimalisation the coin had lost much of its value through inflation and during the 1960s no coins were produced for general circulation; those minted in 1966 were produced only for commemoration sets.
Irish fiddling The Irish fiddle is one of the most important instruments in the traditional repertoire of Irish music. The fiddle itself is identical to the violin, however it is played differently in widely-varying regional styles.
Irish five pence (decimal coin) The five pence coin was introduced on Decimal Day, February 15, 1971 and reused the design on the shilling coin produced for the Irish Free State in 1928. Some shilling coins remained in circulation until the early 1990s, with the same nominal value as the five pence coin.
Irish florin coin The florin coin was a pre-decimal coin and worth 1/10 of an Irish pound. The coin featured the salmon and the original minting of the coin from 1928 until 1943 contained 75% silver, a higher content than the equivalent British coin.
Irish Famine (1879) The Irish famine of 1879 was the last main Irish famine. Unlike the earlier Great Famines of 1740-1741 and 1845-1849 the 1879 famine (sometimes called the "mini-famine" or An Gorta Beag) had relatively minimal effect, causing hunger rather than mass deaths, due to changes in the technology of food production, different structures of land-holding (the disappearance of the sub-division of land and of the cottier class as a result of the earlier great famine), income from Irish emigrants abroad which was sent to relatives back in Ireland, and in particular a prompt response of the British government, which contrasted with its seriously misjudged Laissez faire response to the earlier Irish potato famine of 1845-1849.
Irish Film Censor's Office The Irish Film Censor's Office (IFCO) is the name given to the censor of films in Ireland. The office is alternatively referred to as simply the Film Censor's Office or in the Irish language as Oifig Scrúdóir na Scannán.
Irish Football Association The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the organising body for football in Northern Ireland. It should not be confused with the Football Association of Ireland (FAI), which is the organising body in the Republic of Ireland.
Irish Football League The Irish Premier League - formerly the Irish Football League - or Irish League, is the national football league in Northern Ireland. It should not be confused with the Football League of Ireland, which is the league for the Republic of Ireland.
Irish Free Software Organisation The Irish Free Software Organisation (or IFSO) is a member organisation based in the Republic of Ireland which works to promote the use of free software in Ireland, and oppose legal or political developments which would interfere with the use or development of Free Software.
Irish Free State The Irish Free State () (1922–1937) was the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties that were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921. The Irish Free State came into being on December 6, 1922, replacing two co-existing but nominally rival states: the de jure Southern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 and which from January 1922 had been governed by a Provisional Government under Michael Collins; and the de facto Irish Republic under the President of Dáil Éireann, Arthur Griffith, which had been created by Dáil Éireann in 1919.
Irish Free State offensive The Irish Free State offensive of July–September 1922 was the decisive military stroke of the Irish Civil War. It was carried out by the forces of the newly created Irish Free State against Irish Republican strongholds of in the south and west of Ireland.
Irish general election, 1922 The Irish general election of 1922 took place in Southern Ireland on June 16, 1922, under the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly paving the way for the establishment of the Irish Free State. For Irish Republicans this chose the membership of the Third Dáil of the Irish Republic; under the provisions of the treaty it was a provisional parliament replacing the parliament of Southern Ireland.
Irish general election, 1923 The Irish general election of 1923 was held on August 27, 1923. The newly elected members of the 4th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on September 19 when the new President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed.
Irish general election, 1932 The Irish general election of 1932 was held on February 16, 1932, just over two weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on January 29. The newly elected 153 members of the 7th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on March 9, 1932 when the new President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State was appointed
Irish general election, 1933 The Irish general election of 1933 was held on January 24, 1933. The newly elected members of the 8th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on February 8 when the new President of the Executive Council and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed.
Irish general election, 1937 The Irish general election of 1937 was held on July 1, 1937, just over two weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on June 14. The newly elected 138 members of the 9th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on July 21, 1937 when the new President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State was appointed
Irish general election, 1944 The Irish general election of 1944 was held on May 30 1944, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on May 9. The 138 newly elected members of the 12th Dáil assembled on June 9 when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, 1957 The Irish general election of 1957 was held on March 5, 1957, just over three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on February 4. The newly elected members of the 16th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on March 20 when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, 1961 The Irish general election of 1961 was held on October 4, 1961, just over three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on September 8. The newly elected members of the 17th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on October 11 when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, 1977 The Irish general election of 1977 was held on June 16, 1977 and is regarded as a pivotal point in 20th century Irish politics. The general election took place in 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Republic of Ireland for 148 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann.
Irish general election, 1981 The Irish general election of 1981 was held on June 11, 1981, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on May 21. The newly elected 166 members of the 22nd Dáil assembled at Leinster House on June 30 when a new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, 1987 The Irish general election of 1987 was held on February 17, 1987, four weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on January 20. The newly elected 166 members of the 25th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on March 10 when a new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, 1989 The Irish general election of 1989 was held on Friday, June 15, 1989, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on May 25. The newly elected 166 members of the 26th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on June 29.
Irish general election, 1992 The Irish general election of 1992 was held on Wednesday, November 25, 1992, almost three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on November 5. However, after difficulties in forming a government the newly elected 166 members of the 27th Dáil didn't assemble at Leinster House until January 4, 1993.
Irish general election, 2002 The Irish general election of 2002 was held on Friday 17 May, 2002 just over three weeks after the dissolution of the 28th Dáil on Thursday 25 April by President Mary McAleese, at the request of the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern. The newly elected members of the 29th Dáil assembled on Thursday June 6, 2002.
Irish general election, 2007 The next Irish General Election will be held in 2007 after the dissolution of the 29th Dáil by the President, at the request of the Taoiseach. The population will elect the members of the 30th Dáil who will assemble shortly afterward to elect a Taoiseach following agreement on the Government of the 30th Dáil.
Irish general election, February 1982 The Irish general election of February 1982 was held on February 18, 1982, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on January 27. The newly elected 166 members of the 23rd Dáil assembled at Leinster House on March 9 when a new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, June 1927 The Irish general election of June 1927 was held on June 9, 1927. The newly elected members of the 5th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on June 23 when the new President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed.
Irish general election, November 1982 The Irish general election of November 1982 was held on November 24, 1982, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on November 4. The newly elected 166 members of the 24th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on December 14 when a new Taoiseach and government were appointed.
Irish general election, September 1927 The Irish general election of September 1927 was held on September 15, 1927. The newly elected members of the 6th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on October 11 when the new President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed.
Irish goodbye An "Irish goodbye" is a slang term with its origins in the Irish-American neighborhoods of New York City and Boston. The term refers to the practice of inconspicuously leaving a place where one has gathered with friends (usually for quite some time) without ever formally announcing that one is leaving.
Irish Games Association The Irish Games Association (IGA) is a non-profit body which is dedicated to promoting gaming in Ireland, by running, supporting, and publicising gaming events, while seeking to communicate and cooperate with others that do likewise.
Irish Government The Government () is the cabinet that exercises executive authority in the Republic of Ireland. The Government is headed by a prime minister called the Taoiseach, and a deputy prime minister called the Tánaiste.
Irish Government Bill 1886 The First Home Rule Bill (official name: Irish Government Bill, 1886) was the first major attempt made by a British parliament to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was introduced on 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone to create a devolved assembly for Ireland which would govern Ireland in specified areas.
Irish Government Bill 1893 The Irish Government Bill, 1893 (known generally as the Second Home Rule Bill) was the second attempt made by William E. Gladstone, as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, to enact a system of home rule for Ireland.
Irish Guard The Irish Guard is a group of uniformed students that leads the University of Notre Dame Marching Band onto the field at home games. They are considered one of the integral parts in the pageantry, lore, and legend of Notre Dame football.
Irish half-crown coin The half-crown coin was a pre-decimal coin and was worth 1/8 of an Irish pound. The coin featured the Irish hunter, a horse, and the original minting of the coin from 1928 until 1943 contained 75% silver, a higher content than the equivalent British coin.
Irish halfpenny (decimal coin) The halfpenny coin was the smallest denomination of the Irish pound which was decimalised on Decimal Day, February 15, 1971 it was one of three new designs introduced all in bronze. The coin suffered from the effects of inflation and very few were produced beyond the initial run for 1971.
Irish halfpenny coin The halfpenny coin was the second smallest denomination of the pre-decimal Irish pound at 1/480 of the pound. The artist was given the choice of a boar, sow or ram and ultimately the sow, with a litter was chosen.
Irish head of state from 1936-1949 During the period of 1936 to 1949 it was unclear whether or not the Irish state was a republic or a form of constitutional monarchy, and whether its head of state was the President of Ireland or the King of Ireland, George VI. The exact constitutional status of the state during this period has been a matter of scholarly and political dispute.
Irish honours system The modern Irish honours system dates back to the 1940s. Prior to the declaration of the Irish Free State in 1922, Ireland utilised the British honours system, but there was a separate honour awarded specifically to Irishmen — the Order of St.
Irish Home Rule Bill There were four Irish Home Rule Bills in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to reverse parts of the Act of Union 1800. Only two were passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and one of these was never implemented.
Irish Horse The Irish Horse, also known as the Irish Hunter or Irish Sports Horse (US: Irish Draught Sports Horse), is the result of a cross between the Irish Draught and the Thoroughbred. It has not yet been given recognition as a separate breed, although it is commonly bred from parents who are also Irish Sports Horses, in addition to being bred from the definitive parent breeds.
Irish Hospitality, or, Virtue Rewarded Irish Hospitality, or, Virtue Rewarded is one of the lesser-known works of the inconspicuous playwright Charles Shadwell, son of the far more renowned playwright and poet laureate Thomas Shadwell. It was published in his Five New Plays in 1720, and it is not known if it was ever acted.
Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake The Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake was a lottery established in the Irish Free State in 1930 as the Irish Free State Hospitals' Sweepstake to finance hospitals, and is often referred to as the Irish Sweepstake. The Public Charitable Hospitals (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1930 was the act that established the lottery; as this act expired in 1934, in accordance with its terms, the Public Hospitals Acts were the legislative basis for the scheme there after.
Irish Houses of Parliament The Irish Houses of Parliament (also known as the Irish Parliament House, now called the Bank of Ireland, College Green due to its modern day use as a branch of the bank) was the world's first purpose-built two-chamber parliament house. It served as the seat of both chambers (the Lords and Commons) of the Irish parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland for most of the eighteenth century until that parliament was abolished by the Act of Union in 1800 when the island became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Irish Hunger Memorial The Irish Hunger Memorial, designed by Brian Tolle and a collaborative team of architects and designers, is located in the neighborhood of Battery Park City in New York City (USA), and is dedicated to raising awareness of the Irish potato famine that killed millions in Ireland between the years 1845 and 1852. The memorial was dedicated on July 16, 2002.
Irish Chamber Orchestra The Irish Chamber Orchestra is a highly distinguished national institution fulfilling a broad remit both in Ireland and internationally. Consisting of top Irish and international string players, the orchestra is a vibrant, refreshing, and influential force on the classical and contemporary music scene.
Irish Champion Stakes The Irish Champion Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in the Republic of Ireland for three-year-old and above thoroughbreds run over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres) at Leopardstown Racecourse on the second Saturday in September - the same day as the English St Leger.
Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer The Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer was a member of the government of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under the Kingdom of Ireland. He headed the Irish Exchequer and sat as an MP in the Irish House of Commons.
Irish Church Disestablishment Act 1869 The Irish Church Disestablishment Act 1869 was the United Kingdom legislation whereby William Gladstone's administration disestablished the Church of Ireland, disassociating it from the state and repealing the law that required tithes to be paid to the Anglican Church of Ireland, a body that commanded the adherence of a small minority of the population of Ireland.
Irish Independence Party The Irish Independence Party (IIP) was an nationalist political party in Northern Ireland, founded in October 1977 by Frank McManus (former Unity MP for Fermanagh & South Tyrone between 1970 and 1974) and Fergus McAteer (son of Eddie McAteer, who had been leader of the Nationalist Party between 1953 and 1959). The party was effectively a merger of Unity and the Nationalist Party as the bulk of activists and councillors from the two movements joined IIP.
Irish Institute of Hellenic Studies at Athens The Irish Institute of Hellenic Studies at Athens (IIHSA) (Irish: Institiúid Éireannach san Ataen don Léann Heilléanach; Greek: Ιρλανδικό Ινστιτούτο Ελληνικών Σπουδών στην Αθήνα) is one of the 17 foreign archaeological institutes operating in Athens, Greece.
Irish Junior Cup (Men's Hockey) The Irish Junior Cup (Men's Hockey) is a knockout trophy played for field hockey clubs in Ireland. Entry is open to sides that do not qualify for the Irish Senior Cup and to the second teams of clubs that play in the Irish Senior Cup.
Irish kings Irish Kings or monarchs ruled various kingdoms and territories in Ireland for much of her history. Several thousand are listed in the extant records, though many of the early, pre-Christian kings, are more than partly mythical (some are anthropomorphised deities).
Irish linen Irish linen is the brand name given to linen produced in Ireland. Linen has been spun and woven in Ireland for centuries, and during that long period the Irish have gained the skills and standards required to produce the best quality fabrics.
Irish literature For a comparatively small country, Ireland has made a disproportionate contribution to world literature in all its branches. The works that are best known outside the country are in English, but Irish Gaelic also has the most significant body of written literature, both ancient and recent, in any Celtic language, in addition to a strong oral tradition of legends and poetry.
Irish Land and Labour Association The Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) was a progressive movement founded in the early 1890s in Munster, Ireland, to organise and pursue political agitation for small tenant farmers' and rural labourers' rights. Its branches also spread into Connacht.
Irish Land Acts British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the "Irish Question" in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party behind this single issue. The shock of Fenian violence, especially in England , as well as the growing awareness of the potency of nationalist feelings from European politics was a second reason for Gladstone tackling the Irish Question, as well as a sincere desire to bring peace to Ireland.
Irish Land Commission The Irish Land Commission (or simply Land Commission) was created in 1881 as a rent fixing commission by the Irish Land Act 1881 for Ireland. Later the commission developed into a tenant-purchasing commission and assisted in the transfer of land from landlord to tenant, in this respect it transferred 13.
Irish moss Irish moss, or carrageen moss (Irish carraigĂ­n, "moss of the rock") is a species of red algae (Chondrus crispus) which grows abundantly along the rocky parts of the Atlantic coast of Europe and North America. In its fresh condition the plant is soft and cartilaginous, varying in colour from a greenish-yellow to a dark purple or purplish-brown; but when washed and sun-dried for preservation it has a yellowish translucent horn-like aspect and consistency.
Irish mythology The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved, shorn of its religious meanings, in medieval Irish literature, which represents the most extensive and best preserved of all the branches of Celtic mythology. Although many of the manuscripts have failed to survive, and much more material was probably never committed to writing, there is enough remaining to enable the identification of four distinct, if overlapping, cycles: the Mythological Cycle, The Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle and the Historical Cycle.
Irish Marching Society The Irish Marching Society (IMS) was founded in 1979 by a group of individuals who wanted to come together to celebrate the Irish Heritage in the city of Rockford, Illinois. This organization plan and stage, with the help and support of the city of Rockford, the annual St.
Irish McCalla Nellie Elizabeth "Irish" McCalla (December 25, 1928 – February 1, 2002) was an American actress and artist best-known as the title star of the 1950s television series Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, based on the first comic book heroine to star in her own title.
Irish McIlveen Henry Cooke McIlveen, commonly nicknamed "Irish" because he was born in Belfast, Ireland, is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1906 and the New York Highlanders in 1908-1909.
Irish Medical Times The Irish Medical Times is an independent weekly broadsheet magazine for Irish doctors. It was founded in 1967 by Dr John O'Connell, who went on to become the Minister for Health, and is the oldest medical publication in Ireland.
Irish Militant Labour Militant Labour is the name that the Militant Tendancy of the Labour Party in Ireland took after leaving in late 1980s. The name Militant Labour was used by other sections of the Committee for a Workers' International after the movement of the former mass workers' parties to the right.

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