Encyclopedia

Japanese battleship Ryūjō (1864) The Ryūjō (Jp: 龍驤) was a steam ironclad warship of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed by Thomas Glover and built in Scotland for the private navy of the fief of Kumamoto, where it was called the Jo Sho Maru. It was surrendered to the new Imperial Japanese Navy on 8 May 1870, and sailed from Nagasaki to Yokohama with a British captain.
Japanese battleship Sagami IJN Sagami (相模) was one of eight Russian pre-dreadnought battleships captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. It was built as the lead ship of the Peresviet class of battleships, with a design inspired by the British battleship HMS Centurion (1892).
Japanese battleship Shikishima Shikishima (敷島) was the lead ship in the Shikishima-class of pre-dreadnought battleships in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and one of the six battleships (Fuji, Yashima, Hatsuse, Shikishima, Asahi, and Mikasa) that formed the main Japanese battle line in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.
Japanese battleship Suwo IJN Suwo (周防) was one of eight Russian pre-dreadnought battleships captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. It was built as the Peresviet class battleship Pobieda, and was commissioned into the Imperial Russian Navy in 1903.
Japanese battleship Tango IJN Tango (丹後) was one of eight Russian pre-dreadnought battleships captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. It was built as the Russian Petropavlovsk Class battleship Poltava, and was commissioned into the Imperial Russian Navy in 1898.
Japanese battleship Yamashiro The Yamashiro (山城) was the Imperial Japanese Navy's second Fusō-class battleship, and was laid down at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on November 20, 1913, launched on November 3, 1915, and commissioned on March 31, 1917. She was the first Japanese vessel equipped with aircraft catapults.
Japanese battleship Yashima IJN Yashima (八島) was the second ship of the Fuji-class of early pre-dreadnought battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, and one of the six battleships (Shikishima, Fuji, Hatsuse, Yashima, Asahi, and Mikasa) that formed the main Japanese battle line in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. The Yashima had a very brief career.
Japanese beer Japanese beer had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer halls for the sailors who worked on the trade route between Japan and the Dutch Empire. Japanese-style commercial brewing has been exported to much of southeast Asia and factories are spread throughout the world.
Japanese blood type theory of personality It is popularly believed in Japan that a person's ABO blood type or ketsu eki gata is predictive of their personality, character, and compatibility with others, similar to the Western world's Astrology. This belief has carried over to certain extent in other parts of East Asia such as South Korea and Taiwan.
Japanese bondage is a Japanese verb that literally means "to tie" or "to bind" it is used in Japan to describe the artful use of twine to tie objects or packages. is the word for "bondage" or Kinbaku-bi which means "beautiful bondage".
Japanese bullhead shark The Japanese bullhead shark, Heterodontus japonicus, is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae, found in the northwest Pacific Ocean around Japan, Korea, and northern China including Taiwan Island on the continental shelf at depths of between 6 and 37 m. Its length is up to 1.
Japanese butterfish The Japanese butterfish (Psenopsis anomala) is a marine fish also known by such names as Melon Seed, Wart Perch (a rather unappetizing name despite the popularity of the fish in Japan), Ibodai (Japanese name) or simply as Butterfish.
Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame The Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (野球体育博物館; Yakyû Taiiku Hakubutsukan) first opened in 1959 next door to Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo, Japan. In 1988, the museum moved to a new site within the Tokyo Dome.
Japanese Black Pine The Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) is a pine native to coastal areas of Japan (Kyūshū, Shikoku and Honshū, but not Hokkaidō) and South Korea. It can reach the height of 40 m, but rarely achieves this size outside its natural range.
Japanese Bobtail (cat) The Japanese Bobtail is a breed of cat with an unusual 'bobbed' tail more closely resembling the tail of a rabbit than that of an ordinary feline. The short tail is caused by the expression of a recessive gene.
Japanese calendar Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays. Before 1873, a lunisolar calendar was in use, which was adapted from the Chinese calendar.
Japanese catshark The Japanese catshark, Apristurus japonicus, is a cat shark of the family Scyliorhinidae found in the northwest Pacific from off Chiba Prefecture, Honshū, Japan between latitudes 36° N and 34° N. Its length is up to 71 cm.
Japanese colonialism in Manchukuo A political project known as "Manchukuo" was created by the Imperial Japanese Army in northeastern China during the 1930s and 1940s. Planning was tightly focused on economic, political, and military strategic aspects for this puppet state.
Japanese consumer electronics industry The Japanese consumer electronics industry is one of the largest and most powerful industries in the world and is one of the most prolific exporters and manufacturers of electronic products in the world, manufacturing many high-technology products and inventions.
Japanese copyright law Japanese copyright laws consist of two parts: "Author's Rights", and "Neighboring Rights", and as such, "copyright" is a convenient collective term rather than a single concept in Japan.
Japanese cruiser Abukuma Abukuma was a Nagara-class light cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, named after the Abukuma River. Like other vessels of her class, Abukuma was intended as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla; and it was in that role that she participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Japanese cruiser Akitsushima The IJN Akitsushima (秋津州) was a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Yokosuka shipyards in Japan. The name Akitsushima comes from an ancient name for Japan, as used in the Kojiki.
Japanese cruiser Aso The IJN Aso (阿蘇) was an armoured cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, originally built for the Imperial Russian Navy as the Bayan, by the Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee　La Seyne in Toulon, France. It was the lead ship in the Bayan class of three vessels.
Japanese cruiser Atago Atago (Japanese: あたご Kanji: 愛宕) was one of four Takao-class heavy cruisers, designed to be an improvement over the previous Myōkō-class design. These ships were fast, powerful, and heavily armed with enough firepower to hold their own against any ships built.
Japanese cruiser Azuma The IJN Azuma (ćť±) was an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built in France. It should not be confused with the earlier ex-Confederate ironclad ram, also named Azuma, or with the transport vessel Azuma-maru of the Pacific War.
Japanese cruiser Furutaka Furutaka (古鷹) was the lead ship in a heavy cruiser class of two vessels in the Imperial Japanese Navy. She was built by Mitsubishi Shipyards in Nagasaki, and was the first heavy cruiser in the Japanese Navy to have 8 inch guns.
Japanese cruiser Hashidate The IJN Hashidate (ć©‹ç«‹) was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed by Emile Bertin, and built by the Yokosuka naval shipyards in Japan. The Hashidate was the 3rd and last ship in the Matsushima-class, and was the only one constructed in Japan.
Japanese cruiser Hirado IJN Hirado (平戸)　was the third vessel in the Chikuma class of 2nd class light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Designed shortly after the Russo-Japanese War, it combined fairly heavy armament and displacement with newly-developed Curtis turbine engines, which gave it an incredible 26 knot speed.
Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1911) IJN Chikuma (筑摩)　was the lead ship in the Chikuma class of 2nd class light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Designed shortly after the Russo-Japanese War, it combined fairly heavy armament and displacement with newly-developed Curtis turbine engines, which gave it an incredible 26 knot speed.
Japanese cruiser Chishima The IJN Chishima (千島) was a 3rd class cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed by Emile Bertin, and built in the Chantiers de la Loire shipyards in France. She was part of the 1882 post First Sino-Japanese War expansion program of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Japanese cruiser Chiyoda Chiyoda (千代田) was one of the Imperial Japanese Navy's first armored cruisers. Ordered in 1889 to British yards, she served in the Sino-Japanese War (1898) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), especially with a prominent role in the Battle of Chemulpo Bay.
Japanese cruiser Ibuki (1943) Ibuki was the last named heavy cruiser begun by the Imperial Japanese Navy. She was ordered under the 1941 Program as a slightly modified version of the Tone class, with eight 8-inch guns mounted forward & a flight deck with catapults for several reconnaissance floatplanes aft.
Japanese cruiser Itsukushima The IJN Itsukushima (厳島) was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed by Emile Bertin, and built by the Compagnie des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée à la Seyne naval shipyards in France. The Itsukushima was the lead ship in the Matsushima-class.
Japanese cruiser Izumi The IJN Izumi (和泉) was a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Newcastle-based Armstrong Whitworth shipyards at Elswick in Great Britain. Its name is also sometimes (archaically) transliterated as Iduzmi, and refers to an ancient province of Japan, now part of Osaka-fu.
Japanese cruiser Izumo The IJN Izumo (出雲) was an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy built in Elswick, Great Britain by Armstrong Whitworth. Although very similar to the Asama-class cruisers Asama and Tokiwa, its differences are significant enough to class it as the lead ship in the separate Izumo-class, which also included its sister-ship, the Iwate.
Japanese cruiser Kasuga IJN Kasuga (春日) was the lead ship of Kasuga-class armored cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by Ansaldo in Italy, where the type was known as the Garibaldi-class. It was named after a holy mountain in Nara prefecture.
Japanese cruiser Kinugasa Kinugasa was an Aoba-class heavy cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, named after a mountain in Kanagawa prefecture. Kinugasa was built at Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe, Japan, and commissioned in September 1927.
Japanese cruiser Ōyodo Ōyodo (Japanese:大淀, named after a river in Japan, literally means "big stagnant water") was a light cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the only ship of her class. Her design was basically an improved version of the Agano-class cruisers, though while the same general hull form as Agano was adopted, with flush deck and bulbous bow, the armament differed both in layout and weapons, and the armour protection scheme was reduced.
Japanese cruiser Matsushima The IJN Matsushima (松島) was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed by Emile Bertin, and built by the Compagnie des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée à la Seyne naval shipyards in France. The Matsushima was the 2nd ship in the Matsushima-class.
Japanese cruiser Maya Maya (Japanese: まや Kanji: 摩耶) was one of four Takao-class heavy cruisers, designed to be an improvement over the previous Myōkō-class design. These ships were fast, powerful and heavily armed, with enough firepower to hold their own against any cruiser in any other navy in the world.
Japanese cruiser Mogami (1908) IJN Mogami (最上) was the second ship in the Yodo-class of high speed cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built domestically in Japan. Intended to serve as dispatch vessels, these lightly armed and lightly armored ships were already obsolete when designed, with the development of wireless communication used during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.
Japanese cruiser Nachi Nachi (那智) was the second of the four-member Myōkō class of heavy cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy—the other ships of the class being Myōkō, Ashigara, and Haguro. She was named after a mountain in Wakayama Prefecture.
Japanese cruiser Nisshin Nisshin (Jp:日進), also transliterated as Nissin, was a Kasuga-class armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy designed and built by Ansaldo in Italy, where the type was known as the Garibaldi class. Designed as a cross between a battleship and a cruiser, but with a very small displacement, it had the ability to stand in the battle line and the speed to avoid action with battleships.
Japanese cruiser Otowa The IJN Otowa (éźłçľ˝) was a 3rd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Yokosuka shipyards in Japan. Authorized under the 2nd Naval Expansion Programme of 1897, the Otowa was built in under 20 months; its rapid construction time set a new record for Japan.
Japanese cruiser Saiyen The IJN Saiyen was a protected cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, originally built for the Beiyang Fleet of the Imperial Chinese Navy, by the Stettiner Vulcan AG shipyards in Stettin, Germany. Obsolete transliterations of its Chinese name include Tche-Yuen, Tsi-yuan or Chi-yuan.
Japanese cruiser Sakawa The Sakawa was an Agano class light cruiser that served with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Since it never entered combat, the Sagawa is most often remembered as a target ship during Operation Crossroads, the American nuclear weapon tests of 1946.
Japanese cruiser Sendai Japanese Cruiser Sendai (川内) was the lead ship of her class of light cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Sendai participated in numerous actions during the Pacific War as did her sisters Naka and Jintsu.
Japanese cruiser Soya The Soya was a protected cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, originally built for the Imperial Russian Navy as the Varyag, by William Cramp and Sons of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was scuttled during the Battle of Chemulpo Bay by its crew to avoid capture 09 February 1904, by the Japanese Navy.
Japanese cruiser Takao Takao (Japanese: たかお Kanji: 高雄)was the first of four Takao-class heavy cruisers, designed to be an improvement over the previous Myōkō-class design. The Myōkō had proved to be unstable and required modifications, which were incorporated into the Takao design.
Japanese cruiser Takasago The IJN Takasago (高砂) was a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Armstrong Whitworth shipyards in Elswick, in the Great Britain. It should note be confused with the later Takasago-maru auxiliary hospital ship of the same name.
Japanese cruiser Tenryū IJN Tenryū (天龍)　was the lead ship in the Tenryū class of light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. This design was essentially an enlarged destroyer, inspired by and designed with similar concept to the British Arethusa class and C class cruisers.
Japanese cruiser Tokiwa The IJN Tokiwa (常盤) was an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, of Asama class. Built in Great Britain, and served an important role in the Russo-Japanese War, including the crucial Battle of Tsushima where she was damaged by gunfire.
Japanese cruiser Tone (1904) The Tone (利根) was a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built in Japan by the Sasebo Naval Yards, under the 1904 Emergency Fleet Replenishment Programme. The Tone was named after a river in Tokyo.
Japanese cruiser Tsugaru The Tsugaru (ć´Ąč»˝) was an protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, originally built for the Imperial Russian Navy as the Pallada, by the Admiralty Shipyard in Russia. It was sunk by Japanese artillery during the Siege of Port Arthur on 8 December 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War.
Japanese cruiser Tsushima The Tsushima (対馬) was an protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built in Japan by the Kure Naval Yards near Hiroshima. It was the lead ship of the Tsushima-class, which also included Tsushima's sister ship Niitaka.
Japanese cruiser Unebi The Unebi (ç•ťĺ‚Ť) was an protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built in France by Forges Et Chantiers De La Gironde. Compared with the contemporary Naniwa-class cruisers built for the Japanese in Great Britain, the Unebi was a slightly older design.
Japanese cruiser Yaeyama The Yaeyama (八重山) was an protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed under the supervision of Emile Bertin and built in Japan by the Yokosuka Naval Yards. With a small displacement, powerful engines, and a 20.
Japanese cruiser Yahagi (1911) IJN Yahagi (矢矧)　was the second vessel in the Chikuma class of 2nd class light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Designed shortly after the Russo-Japanese War, it combined fairly heavy armament and displacement with newly-developed Parsons-type turbine engines, which gave it an incredible 26 knot speed.
Japanese cruiser Yakumo The IJN Yakumo (八雲) was an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Stettiner Vulcan AG shipyards in Stettin, Germany. It was the only cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy built by Germany, but was armed with British guns, to keep its ammunition compatible with other ships in the fleet.
Japanese cruiser Yodo IJN Yodo (ć·€) was the lead ship in a new class of high speed cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built domestically in Japan. Intended to serve as dispatch vessels, these lightly armed and lightly armored ships were already obsolete when designed, with the development of wireless communication used during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.
Japanese cruiser Yoshino The Yoshino (吉野) was a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Armstrong Whitworth shipyards in Elswick, in Great Britain. When commissioned, the Yoshino was the largest ship in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and was also the fastest cruiser in the world.
Japanese cruiser Yubari The Yubari (夕張) was a single light cruiser built between 1922 and 1923 for the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ship had a displacement of 2,890 tons, a length of 463 feet (141 meters) and was armed with six 5.
Japanese cuisine There are many views as to what defines Japanese cuisine, as the everyday food of the Japanese people have diversified immensely over the past century or so. In Japan, the term "Japanese cuisine" (nihon ryori or washoku) refers to traditional-style Japanese food, similar to what already existed before the end of national seclusion in 1868.
Japanese cultural artifacts controversy Japan has been known as a "haven for stolen artifacts". Not until 1999, when Japanese Ambassador Koichiro Matsuura was appointed director-general of UNESCO, did Japan begin to give serious thought to signing the UNESCO convention agreement to return stolen artifacts.
Japanese Canned Coffee Canned coffee (缶コーヒー) or "can coffee" is ubiquitous in Japan, with a large number of companies competing fiercely and offering various types for sale. Japanese canned coffee is already brewed and ready to drink.
Japanese Cultural Festival Most schools in Japan, from junior high schools to universities, hold an annual event called a Cultural Festival (文化祭 bunkasai) at which their students display their everyday achievements. People who want to enter the school themselves or who are interested in the school may come to see what the schoolwork and atmosphere are like.
Japanese destroyer Kisaragi Kisaragi (如月) was a Mutsuki-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy. She served during World War II in the Pacific and had the dubious distinction of being the second major Japanese warship sunk in the Pacific on December 11, 1941 during the Japanese attempted invasion of Wake Island (the first being Hayate).
Japanese detective fiction Japanese detective fiction is a popular genre of Japanese literature. Generally called 推理小説 (suirishousetsu), it is closely related to genres such as detective fiction, mystery fiction, crime fiction, and also related to historical fiction, science fiction and fantasy.
Japanese dictionaries Japanese dictionaries have a history that began over 1300 years ago when Japanese Buddhist priests, who wanted to understand Chinese sutras, adapted Chinese character dictionaries. Present-day Japanese lexicographers are exploring computerized editing and electronic dictionaries.
Japanese diplomatic missions Japan had been sending ambassadors to the Tang Chinese court in Xian since 607 AD, but for centuries Japan was a closed country that did not actively seek to expand its foreign relations. In 1613 during the reign of Tokugawa Iyeyasu] Japan sent ambassadors to [[Spain, the first time to a Western country.
Japanese dragon A Japanese dragon, also known as ryū or tatsu (竜 or 龍, "dragon") is a legendary creature from Japan. Like other creatures refered to as dragons, the ryū is a large, fantastic, serpent-like being, and is closely related to the Chinese lóng and the Korean yong.
Japanese Devils Japanese Devils (or Riben Guizi) is a Japanese documentary about the atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The horrific stories were retold by retired Japanese soldiers in their eighties, such as Shinozuka Yoshio.
Japanese education system (Meiji Period to 1941) From the Meiji period to 1941, the Japanese education system was primarily used by the Japanese government to promote the geopolitics, nationalism and national values of Japan. At the start of World War II, this policy became increasingly important in Japan's campaign for soldiers and workers to support the war.
Japanese embassy hostage crisis The Japanese embassy hostage crisis refers to a period of 126 days between 1996 and 1997 when 14 members of the TĂşpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took hostage hundreds of people who were attending a party at the official residence of Japan's ambassador to Peru in Lima. The hostages constituted a diverse group comprised of mostly diplomats, government and military officials, and business executives of many nationalities who happened to be at the party at the time when events started to unroll.
Japanese empresses There were eight female imperial reigns (Six female emperors including two who reigned twice) in Japan's early history, between 592 and 770, and two more in the early modern (Tokugawa)period. After many centuries, female reigns came to be officially prohibited only when the Imperial Household Law was issued in 1889 alongside the new Meiji constitution.
Japanese encyclopedias In Japanese, encyclopedias are known as hyakka jiten (), which literally means "book of a hundred subjects," and can trace their origins to the early Heian period, in the ninth century. Encyclopedic works were published in Japan for well over a thousand years before Japan's first modern encyclopedias were published after Japan's opening to the West, during the Meiji Period (1868-1912).
Japanese era name The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) and the year number within the era.
Japanese Encephalitis Japanese encephalitis (Japanese: 日本脳炎, Nihon-nōen; previously known as Japanese B encephalitis to distinguish it from von Economo's A encephalitis) is a disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus. The Japanese encephalitis virus is a virus from the family Flaviviridae.
Japanese family In Japan, as in every country, the family is the earliest focus of social life for an individual, and it provides a model of social organization for most later encounters with the wider world. Yet, as uchi (内), the Japanese family does not have clear boundaries.
Japanese fascism The generic term Japanese fascism has been used to refer to Japanese nationalist thinking, its ideological foundation and the outlines of its political implementation. Another possible use of the term is for Japanese right-wing (far right) thinking in general.
Japanese fashion Japanese Fashion consists of a mixture of both traditional and modern styles. Most of the tradtional Japanese fashion has evolved to what is known as Street Fashion today although occasionally, traces of traditional Japanese fashion can be encountered in large cities of Japan.
Japanese finances before and during WWII Pre-SCAP Japan's economy was unique: a centralized economy dominated by a collaboration between government oligarchs and the so called zaibatsu, chief among them Mitsui, Mitsubishi (Iwasaki), Sumitomo and Yasuda, who had direct control over more than 25% of Japan's industry, a significant part of the foreign commercial merchant fleet and 60% of the commercial stock exchange, at a total value of more than 3.5 billion (thousand million) US dollars.
Japanese financial sector The Japanese financial sector is one of the largest in the world, and it is home to some of the largest financial services companies, business groups and banks. The large keiretsus (business groups), the multinational companies such as Sony, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi, Toyota own billion and trillion US dollar operating banks, investment groups and/or financial services such as Sumitomo Bank, Fuji Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Toyota Financial Services, Sony Financial Holdings, etc.
Japanese financial system The main elements of Japan's financial system is much the same as those of other major industrialized nations: a commercial banking system, which accepted deposits, extended loans to businesses, and dealt in foreign exchange; specialized government-owned financial institutions, which funded various sectors of the domestic economy; securities companies, which provided brokerage services, underwrote corporate and government securities, and dealt in securities markets; capital markets, which offered the means to finance public and private debt and to sell residual corporate ownership; and money markets, which offered banks a source of liquidity and provided the Bank of Japan with a tool to implement monetary policy.
Japanese foreign policy on Africa Africa has been the least important world region for Japan's trade and investment. Japan had little historical experience with Africa and little interest in economic ties with the region, except for development of raw material supplies.
Japanese foreign policy on Southeast Asia Japanese foreign policy toward Southeast Asia, this diverse region, stretching from South Asia to the islands in the South Pacific Ocean, was in part defined by Japan's rapid rise in the 1980s as the dominant economic power in Asia. The decline in East-West and Sino-Soviet tensions during the 1980s suggested that economic rather than military power would determine regional leadership.
Japanese First Army The Japanese First Army was formed 26 August 1937 commanding troops in North China under Northern China Area Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It replaced the China Garrison Army and was disbanded 30 Sep 1945.
Japanese Friendship Garden (Kelley Park) The Japanese Friendship Garden is a walled section of Kelley Park in San Jose, California, USA. Dedicated in October 1965, it is patterned after Japan's world famous Korakuen Park in Okayama (one of San Jose's sister cities).
Japanese general election, 1932 The 18th General Election of Japan of the House of Representatives took place in Japan on February 20, 1932. It was the last election before the May 15 Incident, which marked the temporary end of party-politics in Japan.
Japanese general election, 1996 A general election took place in Japan on October 20, 1996. Incumbent Prime Minister Hashimoto Ryutaro of the coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}Liberal Democratic Party, New Party Sakigake and the Social Democratic Party
Japanese general election, 2005 Japan held a nationwide election to the House of Representatives, the more powerful lower house of the National Diet, on 11 September, 2005, about two years before the end of the term taken from the last election in 2003. The then Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi called the election after bills to privatize Japan Post were voted down in the upper house (which cannot be dissolved), despite strong opposition within his own Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) (LDP).
Japanese giant flying squirrel The Japanese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista leucogenys, Japanese: ムササビ: musasabi) is a type of flying squirrel. Like other flying squirrels it has a web of skin between its legs which it uses to glide between trees.
Japanese gothic typeface Gothic typeface (ゴシック体, goshikku-tai) is the second most commonly used style of printed Japanese characters, after Minchō. It is characterised by straight lines of even thickness, akin to sans serif styles in Western typography.
Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat peso During World War II in the Philippines, the occupying Japanese government issued fiat currency in several denominations known as Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat peso. The Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic under Jose P.
Japanese grammar The Japanese language has a highly regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. Typologically, its most prominent feature is topic creation: Japanese is neither topic-prominent, nor subject-prominent; indeed, it is common for sentences to have distinct topics and subjects.
Japanese gunboat Chiyodagata The Chiyodagata (Jp:千代田形) was a gunboat of the Tokugawa Navy, and Japan's first domestically-built steam warship (Japan's first steamship was the Unkoumaru -雲行丸- built by the fief of Satsuma in 1855). She was laid down May 7, 1861, and launched July 2, 1863 by the shipbuilder, and future industrial giant, Ishikawajima.
Japanese General Government Building, Seoul The Japanese Government-General Building (often referred to outside Korea as the Seoul Capitol) was the chief administrative building in Seoul during the Japanese occupation of Korea and the seat of the Governor-General of Korea. It was a neo-classicist building designed by German architect Georg De Lalande, and was completed in 1926.
Japanese Grand Prix Since its first inclusion in the Formula One Championship, the Japanese Grand Prix has become synonymous with excitement and controversy. Its traditional place at the end of the season means this event has seen a great number of Championship crowns being won and lost.
Japanese hardcore Japanese hardcore punk, often known as Japcore, refers to the fast-paced Japanese punk/hardcore genre. The original intent of Japcore was to protest the social and economic changes sweeping Japan in the 1980's and 1990's.
Japanese heavy industry (1930-1945) Japanese industry grew spectacularly starting in 1930. In its first 75 years (following the Meiji Restoration), factory production in Japan was all but non-existent, but by the 1930s Japan was at a level comparable to many industrialized European countries.

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