Encyclopedia

Japanese hip hop Japanese hip hop (nip hop or j-hip hop) is said to have begun in 1983 when Charlie Ahearn's Wild Style was shown in Tokyo. The movie focused on graffiti artists but also featured some early old school MCs like Busy Bee and Double Trouble, DJs like Grandmaster Flash and breakdancers like the Rock Steady Crew.
Japanese history textbook controversies The Japanese history textbook controversies is a series of controversies over government-approved history textbooks used in the secondary education (junior high schools and high schools) of Japan. The controversies primarily concern the constitutionality of the government authorization system itself and the textbook descriptions of the wars, war crimes, and imperialism conducted by Imperial Japan during the first half of the 20th century.
Japanese holdout Japanese holdouts or stragglers were Japanese soldiers who, after the official surrender of Japan after World War II, either adamantly doubted the veracity of the formal surrender due to strong, dogmatic, militaristic principles, or were not aware of it due to the cut-off communications that resulted from the United States island hopping campaign. They would continue to fight occupying forces, and later, local police, years after the war was over.
Japanese human experimentation on the Chinese During the Second World War, Japanese soldiers have carried out human experimentations on the Chinese and Koreans on different parts of the conquered lands. One of the most infamous troops carrying out such kind of experiments was Unit 731.
Japanese Hackberry Japanese Hackberry (Celtis jessoensis), also known as Jesso Hackberry (from a misreading of "Ezo": HokkaidĹŤ) is a species of hackberry native to Japan and Korea. It is a deciduous tree growing to 20-25 m tall.
Japanese Historical Maps (website) “Japanese Historical Maps” is a website that allows users to view a collection of approximately 850 early Japanese maps of both Japan and the world. The site is a collaborative effort between David Rumsey of Cartography Associates and the East Asian Library of the University of California, Berkeley.
Japanese Honeysuckle The Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; Suikazura [or スイカズラ in Japanese]) is a species of [[honeysuckle native to eastern Asia including Japan, Korea, northern and eastern China, and Taiwan, which is a major invasive species in North America. It is a twining vine able to climb up to 10 m high or more in trees, with opposite, simple oval leaves 3-8 cm long and 2-3 cm broad.
Japanese Chinese cuisine Japanese Chinese cuisine is a unique style of Chinese cuisine served by Chinese restaurants in Japan. Many of these restaurants are Japanese-owned, though there are some which are operated by overseas Chinese or Japanese of Chinese descent.
Japanese idol A Japanese idol (アイドル; aidoru) is a celebrity who achieves widespread popularity and fame in Japan largely by virtue of her looks. The term usually refers to female performers in their late teens and early twenties who are considered "kawaii" (pretty, cute) and achieve fame through publicity in the mass media.
Japanese in Hawaii The Japanese in Hawaii are one of the major and most influential ethnic groups in Hawaii. At one time they constituted 40% of Hawaii's population, but their numbers have been reduced to a mere 17% today according to the 2000 U.
Japanese in Mangaland Japanese in Mangaland is a series of educational books by Marc Bernabe designed to help teach Japanese using original, untranslated manga. Originally published in Spanish as Japonés en viñetas, it has since had translated versions published in English, German, French, Catalan, Italian, and Portuguese.
Japanese Imperial succession controversy The Japanese Imperial succession controversy refers to the question of whether Japan's laws of succession under the The Imperial Household Law of 1947 should be changed from male-only primogeniture to equal primogeniture. This would again permit unmarried or widowed female descendants in the male line of the Imperial House to inherit the Chrysanthemum Throne, but also allow something unprecedented: making it possible for married princesses and princesses' children whose fathers are not descendants in the male line of the Imperial House to ascend the throne.
Japanese Instrument of Surrender The Instrument of Surrender of Japan was the armistice ending World War II. It was signed by representatives from the Empire of Japan, the United States of America, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Provisional Government of the French Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Dominion of New Zealand on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945, and which thereby ended the Pacific War and with it World War II.
Japanese kitchen knives There are a number of different types of Japanese kitchen knives. The most commonly used types in the Japanese kitchen are the deba bocho (kitchen cleaver), nakiri bocho and usuba bocho (Japanese vegetable knives), and the tako hiki and yanagi ba (sashimi slicers).
Japanese language Japanese (, ) is a language spoken by over 130 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. It is an agglutinative language and is distinguished by a complex system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary to indicate the relative status of speaker, listener and the person mentioned in conversation.
Japanese language and computers In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise, some unique to Japanese and others common to languages which have a very large number of characters. The number of characters needed in order to write English is very small, and thus it is possible to use only one byte to encode one English character.
Japanese language classification The classification of the Japanese language is uncertain and disputed. Historical linguists who specialize in Japanese agree that it is one of the two members of the Japonic language family, but remain divided as to the origins of the Japonic languages.
Japanese language education in Russia Japanese language education in Russia formally dates back to December 1701 or January 1702, when Dembei, a shipwrecked Japanese merchant, was taken to Moscow and ordered to begin teaching the language as soon as possible. Aside from one Japanese-medium school, the Japanese School in Moscow, founded in 1965, virtually all Japanese language education in Russia throughout history has been aimed at non-native speakers.
Japanese law Japanese law was historically heavily influenced by Chinese law and developed independently during the Edo period through texts such as Kujikata Osadamegaki, but has been largely based on the civil law of Germany since the late 19th century.
Japanese license plates In Japan, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the national government issues license plates for motor vehicles through Land Transportation Offices nationwide. However, certain vehicles with small engine displacements register with the local municipality rather than the national government. Broadly speaking, passenger automobiles with engine displacements less than 2000 cc receive 5-series license plates, while passenger automobiles with gasoline engines having displacements of 2000 cc or more receive 3-series license plates. The number on the top line begins with a "5" or a "3" to indicate the series. Additional criteria include length, width and height of the vehicle. Official vehicles of the Imperial household, the Self-Defense Forces, foreign diplomats, and the U.S. military in Japan are exempt from the requirement to display such plates.
Japanese loanwords in Hawaii As explained in Hawaiian Pidgin, pidgin English in Hawaii acquired many words from different languages. Due to the many Japanese immigrants and the large Japanese American population in Hawaii, many Japanese words have made it into the pidgin English vocabulary in Hawaii.
Japanese Language and Literature Japanese Language and Literature (JLL) is a journal published twice yearly (in April and November) by the Association of Teachers of Japanese (ATJ). Published continuously since the founding of the ATJ in 1963, JLL covers material on Japanese pedagogy , Japanese linguistics and Japanese literature.
Japanese Leet Japanese Leet, usually known as the Kusachu Language or Kusachu Leet (クサチュー語 or 勹廾千ｭ―言吾 Kusachū-go) is a form of Leet enciphering for Japanese. This form of Japanese is written with a set of characters that replace common Hiragana, Katakana and some Kanji characters which look similar to them.
Japanese Left Army The Japanese Left Army, under the rule of Ukita Hideie, consisted mainly of the former First division led by Konishi Yukinaga, the Fourth Division led by Shimazu Yoshihiro and the Eight Division led by Ukita Hideie.
Japanese management culture The culture of Japanese management so famous in the West is generally limited to Japan's large corporations. These flagships of the Japanese economy provide their workers with excellent salaries and working conditions and secure employment.
Japanese maps The earliest known term used for maps in Japan is thought to be kata (形, roughly "form"), which was probably in use until roughly the 8th century . During the Nara period, the term zu (図) came into use, but the term most widely used and associated with maps in pre-modern Japan is ezu (絵図, roughly “picture diagram”).
Japanese mathematics Japanese mathematics or wasan (ĺ’Śç®—) denotes a genuine kind of mathematics developed in Japan during the Edo Period (1603-1867) when the country was isolated from western influences. At the beginning of the Meiji era (1868-1912) the country opened up to the west and adopted western mathematics which led to a decline of the ideas used in the wasan.
Japanese media The communications media of Japan include numerous television and radio networks as well as newspapers and magazines. For the most part, television networks were established based on the capital contribution from existing radio networks at that time.
Japanese militarism Japanese militarism (日本軍國主義/日本軍国主義) refers to militarism, the philosophical belief that military personnel (army or navy) should exercise full power in Japan. In Militarist doctrine, the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation.
Japanese military aircraft designation systems Japanese military aircraft, especially of the Imperial (pre-1945) period, are rather difficult to keep track of by their Japanese designations, primarily because multiple designation systems were in use by each armed service. This is what led to the Allies' use of codenames during World War II, and these codenames are still better known in English-language texts than the real Japanese names for the aircraft.
Japanese military-political doctrines in the Showa period Japanese military-political doctrines in the Showa period refers to Japanese political ideas and doctrines held by Japanese Army and Japanese Navy thinkers, and their civilian supporters in politics, during the ShĹŤwa period.
Japanese miniaturization culture In Japan, some people claim that an extensive miniaturization culture has arisen. For example, a foldable umbrella whose size is just a quarter the size of a usual umbrella has been developed, not to mention miniaturization in cellular telephony and other innovations such as "capsule hotels".
Japanese mode The Japanese mode is a term for a pentatonic musical scale which is used commonly in traditional Japanese music. The intervals of the scale are major second, minor second, major third, minor second, and major third (for example, the notes A, B, C, E, F, A on the piano).
Japanese mon The was a currency of Japan until 1870, as there were hundreds of different styles of currency throughout Japanese history, of many shapes, styles, designs, sizes, and materials, including gold, silver, bronze, etc. Even rice was once a currency, the koku.
Japanese museums Japan was introduced to the idea of Western-style museums (hakubutsukan 博物館) as early as the Bakumatsu (幕末 ) period through Dutch Studies. Upon the conclusion of the US-Japan Amity Treaty in 1858, a Japanese delegation to America observed Western-style museums first-hand.
Japanese Military Detachment (World War II) Japanese Military Detachments was a particular military formations between Japanese Army Imperial Forces.a detachment is a force(infantry,artillery,armored unit,etc) which is temporarily assigned for independent action and has a special mission.
Japanese Murrelet The Japanese Murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume also known as Crested Murrelet is a small bird that inhabits rocky islets and reefs in the warm waters of Japan, Russia and South Korea. It has black and bluish grey upper body and white underparts plumage.
Japanese national university There are 89 National Universities (kokuritsu daigaku 国立大学) in Japan. Although there are many more private universities that offer Higher education, the national universities are held in higher regards.
Japanese nationalist thinking in the Meiji era During the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the nationalist ideas of prominent daimyo, such as Mito Nariaki and others continued to develop, with some promoting fukko (a return to the past) and osei (the Emperor's supreme authority). This was a Japanese reaction to foreign inroads since the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and the Kanagawa Accord.
Japanese neighborhood The neighborhood is the next group to which children in Japan are introduced beyond the family. Although the loose, informal groups of children who wandered through villages of the past have no counterpart in contemporary heavily trafficked city streets, neighborhood playgrounds and the grounds of local shrines and temples are sites where young children, accompanied by mothers, begin to learn to get along with others.
Japanese newspapers Japanese newspapers (新聞 "shinbun"), similar to their worldwide counterparts, run the gamut from general news-oriented papers to special interest newspapers devoted to economics, sports, literature, industry, and trade. Newspapers are circulated either nationally, by region (such as Kantō or Kansai), by prefecture, or by city.
Japanese numerals The system of Japanese numerals is the system of number names used in the Japanese language. The Japanese numerals in writing are entirely based on the Chinese numerals and the grouping of large numbers follow the Chinese tradition of grouping by 10,000.
Japanese New Wave The Japanese New Wave, or , is the term for a group of Japanese film directors emerging from the late 1950s through the early 1970s. The term also refers to their work, in a loose creative movement within Japanese film, from a similar time period.
Japanese occupation of Burma The Japanese occupation of Burma refers to the period between 1943 and 1945 during World War II, when Burma was a part of the Empire of Japan. The Japanese had assisted formation of the Burma Independence Army, and trained the Thirty Comrades, who were the founders of the modern Armed Forces (Tatmadaw).
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began after the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young surrendered the territory of Hong Kong to Japan on 25 December 1941 after 18 days of fierce fighting between British and Canadian defenders against Japanese Imperial forces. The occupation ultimately lasted for three years and eight months, leading many survivors to call the occupation as simply "Three Years and Eight Months" (三年零八個月).
Japanese opium policy in Taiwan (1895-1945) Before Japan annexed Taiwan from China in 1895, Japan lacked an effective government capable of banning or regulating the consumption of opium. According to Japanese statistics, in 1900, there were 169,000 opium smokers in Taiwan, equivalent to 6% of the Taiwanese population.
Japanese orphans in China Japanese orphans in China consist primarily of children left behind by Japanese families repatriating from Northeast China (then Manchukuo) to Japan in the aftermath of World War II. For the most part, they were taken in by Chinese families and raised with no knowledge of their Japanese ancestry.
Japanese Occupation of Singapore The Japanese Occupation of Singapore refers to the period in the history of Singapore between 1942 and 1945, when Japanese forces occupied Singapore during World War II, after having defeated the combined Australian, British, Indian and Malayan garrison. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of Japan, the United Kingdom, and the then colony of Singapore itself.
Japanese Olympic Committee The Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) is the national Olympic committee in Japan for the Olympic Games movement. It is a non-profit organisation that selects teams, and raises funds to send Japanese competitors to Olympic events organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Japanese particles Japanese particles, or , are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. They have a wide range of grammatical functions, including the indication of a question or the speaker's assertiveness, certitude, or other feelings.
Japanese patent law Japanese patent law is based on the first-to-file principle and is mainly given force by the Patent Act (特許法 Tokkyohō) of Japan which consists of 204 articles. Article 2 defines an invention as "the highly advanced creation of technical ideas by which a law of nature is utilized".
Japanese people in Hong Kong Japanese people in Hong Kong are composed primarily of expatriate businesspeople and their families, although there are also a sizable number of single females.Sakai 2001: 32 There numbers are smaller when compared to the sizable presence of Americans, British and Canadian expatriates.
Japanese phonetic alphabet The Japanese phonetic alphabet (和文通話表, literally "Japanese character telecommunication chart") is a radiotelephony spelling alphabet, similar in purpose to the NATO phonetic alphabet, but designed to communicate Japanese kana rather than Latin letters. The alphabet was sponsored by the now-defunct Ministry for Posts and Telecommunications.
Japanese place names Japanese place names include names for geographic features, present and former administrative divisions, transportation facilities such as railroad stations, and historic sites in Japan. The article Japanese addressing system contains related information on postal addresses.
Japanese political and military nationalist organizations This article describes the institutional structure of the Empire of Japan, from the point (early Showa period) where it began to be dominated by nationalist military men and politicians. Significant organisations could be public or private.
Japanese political values Traditional Japanese political values are commonly characterized by a strong community sense and group solidarity and the importance of personal connections and consensus building. However, this view has been overstressed and needs to be differenciated.
Japanese post-war economic miracle "Japanese post-war economic miracle" is the name given to the historical phenomenon of Japan's record period of economic growth following World War II, spurred both by US investment and Japanese government economic interventionism in particular through their Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The distinguishing characteristics of the Japanese economy during the 'economic miracle' years included: the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and banks in closely knit groups called keiretsu]; the powerful enterprise unions and shuntĹŤ; cozy relations with government bureaucrats, and the guarantee of lifetime employment (shushin koyo) in big corporations and highly unionized blue-collar factories.
Japanese pottery Japanese pottery, one of its oldest art forms, dates back to the Neolithic period (ca. 11th millennium BC), when the earliest soft earthenware was coil-made, decorated by hand-impressed rope patterns (Jomon ware), and baked in the open.
Japanese pronouns The Japanese language does not have pronouns as a grammatical category of words, per se; rather, the various words for "I", "you", "we", "they", and so on function as nouns for the purposes of sentence structure, grammar, and syntax. The pronoun is a concept of Indo-European languages (and other families) but does not translate well into Japanese.
Japanese public corporations Although the Japanese economy is largely based on private enterprise, it does have a number of government-owned (public) corporations, which are more extensive and, in some cases, different in function from what exists in the United States. In 1988 there were ninety-seven public corporations, reduced from 111 in the early 1980s as a result of administrative reforms.
Japanese Paleolithic The covers a period from around 100,000Hoshino Iseki Museum, Tochigi Pref. to 30,000 BCE, when the earliest stone tool implements have been found, to around 12,000 BCE, at the end of the last Ice-age, which corresponds to the beginning of the Mesolithic Jomon period.
Japanese Paleolithic Hoax The consisted of a number of lower and middle paleolithic finds in Japan discovered by amateur archaeologist Fujimura Shinichi, which were later all discovered to have been faked. The incident became one of the biggest scandals in archaeological circles in Japan after the story was published by the Mainichi Shinbun in a morning edition article on November 5, 2000.
Japanese Peace Bell The Japanese Peace Bell (cast on October 24, 1952) was a gift of the people of Japan ("People of Nippon") to the United Nations on June 8, 1954 (despite the fact that Japan had not yet been admitted to the United Nations). It was presented to the United Nations by the United Nations Association of Japan.
Japanese Quail The Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica is a species of quail found in East Asia. They are a migratory species, breeding in Manchuria, southeastern Siberia, and northern Japan, and wintering in southern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and southern China.
Japanese rhinoceros beetle The Japanese rhinoceros beetle or Japanese horned beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, is a species of rhinoceros beetle found in Japan, Taiwan and China. It is sold as a pet in department stores in Japan, where it is also frequently depicted in popular media as a common cartoon character for various uses, for example much like cartoon bears, lions, or alligators are seen in advertisements and product labels in the United States.
Japanese robotics Japan is the premier robotics designer and producer in the world having created a number of entertainment and industrial robotics through commercial production and research. Honda] and [[Sony are developing human-like robots which will have both commercial and industrial applications.
Japanese rock Japanese rock (sometimes abbreviated J-rock) is the Japanese form of rock music. Since the actual musical style can differ greatly from one work to another, Japanese rock only qualifies as a music genre in so far as it describes where given artist or band originates from and in which language titles and lyrics probably are.
Japanese rock garden A karesansui 枯山水, Japanese rock garden, or Zen garden is an enclosed shallow sandbox containing sand, gravel, rocks, and occasionally grass or other natural elements. The main elements of karesansui are rocks and sand, with the sea symbolized not by water but by sand raked in patterns that suggest rippling water.
Japanese Red Army The Japanese Red Army (日本赤軍, Nihon Sekigun) (JRA) is a terrorist group founded by Fusako Shigenobu in February 1971 after breaking away from the Japanese Communist League - Red Army Faction. The group had about 400 members at its height and once was one of the best-known armed leftist groups in the world.
Japanese Red Pine The Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) has a home range that includes Japan, Korea, northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong) and the extreme southeast of Russia (southern Primorsky Krai). This pine has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars, but in the winter it becomes yellowish.
Japanese Relocation Japanese Relocation was a 9:40 film produced by the Office of War Information and distributed by the War Activities Commitee of the Motion Picture Industry. It is a propaganda film, justifing and explaining Japanese American internment on the west Coast during the World War II.
Japanese River Otter The Japanese river otter (Lutra lutra whiteleyi; Japanese: 日本獺, 日本川獺 nihonkawauso or nipponkawauso) is a variety of otter formerly widespread in Japan. The last official sighting of one was in the southern part of Kochi Prefecture in 1979, and it may already be extinct.
Japanese Robin The Japanese Robin (Erithacus akahige, formerly Luscinia akahige) or komadori is a songbird. Recent research suggests that the East Asian robins belong into a new genus uniting them with some East Asian Luscinias such as the Siberian Blue Robin (Seki, 2006).
Japanese saw The Japanese saw or used in woodworking and Japanese carpentry differs from its North American and European counterpart since it cuts on the pull stroke as opposed to the push stroke. This allows it to have thinner blades that cut more efficiently and leave a narrower kerf.
Japanese sawshark The Japanese sawshark, Pristiophorus japonicus, is a sawshark of the family Pristiophoridae, found in the northwest Pacific Ocean around Japan, Korea, and northern China between latitudes 48° N and 22° N, from the surface to 500 m. Its length is up to 1.
Japanese science fiction television Known for meticulous use of miniatures and hundreds of sci-fi themed anime, Japan has a long history of producing science fiction series for TV. Only a few of these series are aired outside Japan and even when aired, they tend to be edited, rarely retaining their original storyline.
Japanese secret and special weapons Plans for the incorporation and development of special or secret weapons by Imperial Japan during World War II , were originally hidden from public knowledge to protect their efficacy. The United States and Germany are more famous for their development of special weapons, but Japan and Russia to a lesser extent both parch), the Black Dragon Society, the Mitsubishi business conglomerate, and the Nakajima Company.
Japanese sound symbolism This article describes sound symbolic or mimetic words in the Japanese language. Most languages have such words; for example, "bang", "zap", "ding", "slither", "pop", etc.
Japanese spurdog The Japanese spurdog, Squalus japonicus, is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae, found in the western Pacific Ocean from southeastern Japan and the East China Sea, including the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and the Arafura Sea. It inhabits continental shelves and uppermost slopes at depths from 150 to 300 m.
Japanese star anise The Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) is a tree similar to Chinese star anise. It is highly toxic, therefore it is not edible; instead, it has been burned as incense in Japan, where it is known as shikimi.
Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia (1905-1940) As a result of her victories in the wars against China (1894-95) and Czarist Russia (1904-05), Japan secured the basic elements of her national desires - for the time being. Afterwards she undertook the management of Manchuria.
Japanese strategic planning for the Pacific (1905-1940) Japan's victories and defeats in World War II can be traced back to pre-war planning and lessons learned from previous conflicts. The context of Japan's Pacific strategy was the long-running tension between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army, expressed as the conflict between respective South Strike and North Strike plans.
Japanese students in the United Kingdom The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom were sent in the nineteenth century by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Later many studied at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji era.
Japanese studies outside the United States Institutions and organizations outside the United States or Japan instituted expressly for the purpose of studying Japanese language and/or culture . Primarily scholarly institutions affiliated with universities and/or specialized schools.
Japanese submarine I-168 The I-168 was a Japanese "Kaidai" ("Naval Large Submarine") or more precisely KD6 submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. At the Battle of Midway she sunk two American warships: the aircraft carrier Yorktown and the destroyer Hammann.
Japanese submarine I-29 I-29, code-named Matsu (ćťľ, Japanese for "pine tree"), was a B1 type submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II on two secret missions with Germany, during one of which she was sunk.
Japanese submarine I-34 I-34 was a Kaidai Junsen Type B1 class submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy. During World War II, While on a Yanagi mission between Japan and Germany carrying strategic raw material and knowledge, she was sunk by the British submarine HMS Taurus using Ultra intelligence.
Japanese submarine I-52 I-52, code-named Momi (樅, Japanese for "evergreen" or "fir tree") was a Type C-3 cargo submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II for a secret mission to Lorient, France then occupied by Germany, during which she was sunk.
Japanese School in Seoul The Japanese School in Seoul (ソウル日本人学校、Seoul Nihonjin Gakkō) is a school for the children of Japanese citizens residing in Korea, located in Gangnam-gu, Seoul. It was founded in 1972 with a total of 33 kindergarten and primary school students.
Japanese Sign Language syllabary The Japanese Sign Language syllabary (Japanese: 指文字 yubimoji, literally "finger letters") is a system of manual kana used as part of Japanese Sign Language. It is a signary of 45 signs and 4 diacritics representing the phonetic syllables of the Japanese language.
Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform is a group founded in 1997 to promote a revised view of Japanese history. The group was responsible for authoring a history textbook published from Fusōsha (扶桑社), which was heavily criticised by China and South Korea for not including full accounts of or downplaying wartime activities of Imperial Japan during World War II, such as reference to the Nanjing Massacre (南京大虐殺) as "Nanjing Incident" (南京事件) and forgoing use of the term "comfort women" (慰安婦).
Japanese Southern China Area Army The Japanese Southern China Area Army was formed February 9th 1940 and disbanded 26 June 1941. Headquartered in Canton, its responsibility was the direct control of Guangdong and control of the 22nd Army in Guangxi.
Japanese Spaceguard Association Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA), the National Aeronautic Laboratory (NAL), and the Space and Technology Agency have allocated the necessary funds to bring the Japanese Spaceguard Association (JSGA) on-line.
Japanese Special Attack Units During the Second World War, , also abbreviated to 特攻隊, tokkōtai), also called shimbu-tai by the IJA, were specialized units normally used for suicide missions. They included kamikaze bombers, Fukuryu ("Crouching Dragon", suicide scuba divers who would swim under boats and use explosives mounted on bamboo poles to destroy both the boat and themselves), and several types of suicide ships and submarines.
Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces The Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces (SNLF), (海軍陸戦隊 Kaigun Rikusentai) were the marine troops of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and were only part of the IJN Land Forces. They saw extensive service in the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and the Pacific theatre of World War II.
Japanese Spindle The Japanese Spindle (Euonymus japonicus) is a species of spindle, native to Japan, Korea and China. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2-8 m tall, with opposite, oval leaves 3-7 cm long with a finely serrated margin.
Japanese Surrendered Personnel Japanese Surrendered Personnel (or JSP) is a designation for captive Japanese soldiers (similar to Disarmed Enemy Forces and Surrendered Enemy Personnel. It was used in particular by British Forces referring to Japanese forces in Asia after the end of World War II.
Japanese tea ceremony The Japanese tea ceremony (, chadĹŤ or sadĹŤ, "the way of tea") is a traditional ritual influenced by Zen Buddhism in which powdered green tea, or matcha (), is ceremonially prepared by a skilled practitioner and served to a small group of guests in a tranquil setting. Colloquially it is often called ocha among Japanese.
Japanese tea garden at Golden Gate Park The Japanese tea garden at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, California, an immensely popular feature, was originally built as part of a sprawling World's Fair, the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894. This is a section of Golden Gate Park.
Japanese television drama Japanese dramas (Japanese: ドラマ dorama; J-dramas; from English "drama") are a staple of Japanese television and are broadcast daily. All major TV networks in Japan produce a variety of dramas including romance, comedies, detective stories, horror and many others.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.