Encyclopedia

Jewish Federation A Jewish Federation is a confederation of various Jewish social agencies, volunteer programs, educational bodies, and related organizations, found within most cities in North America that host a viable Jewish community.
Jewish Federation of Greater Indianapolis The Jewish Federation of Greater Indianapolis is the central philanthropic, planning and community relations organization of the Jewish community. The Federation and its agencies, in cooperation with local synagogues, function to promote the general welfare of the Jewish community and to ensure the creative survival and continuity of the Jewish people.
Jewish Federation of Greater Kansas City The Jewish Federation of Greater Kansas City is a non-profit federated agency that raises money for more than 30 Jewish agencies in the Greater Kansas City region on a yearly basis as well as several overseas agencies in the former Soviet Union and Israel. The 2006 campaign has raised nearly five million dollars.
Jewish gauchos Jewish gauchos (in Spanish, gauchos judĂ­os) is a common name for Jewish immigrants that settled in fertile regions of Argentina, typically in "agricultural colonies". These colonies were mostly established by the Jewish Colonization Association of Paris (of which the Baron Maurice de Hirsch and the Baroness de Hirsch were the founders and practically the sole stockholders), which purchased the land and arranged the entrance of Russian refugees.
Jewish Geography Jewish geography is a popular "game" sometimes played when American Jews meet each other for the first time and try to identify people they know in common. The game has become something of an informal social custom in the Jewish community, and it's often surprisingly easy for strangers who play it to discover mutual acquaintances and establish instant context and connection.
Jewish haiku Jewish haiku are poetic parodies combining the style and conventions of ancient Japanese haiku with traditional Jewish noodging. Widely circulated in e-mails and quoted on web pages ((fact)), often without attribution, many of these poems were first published in "Haikus for Jews: For You a Little Wisdom" (Harmony Books, 1999) by David M.
Jewish history Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. Since Jewish history encompasses nearly four thousand years and hundreds of different populations, any treatment can only be provided in broad strokes.
Jewish history in Cincinnati The history of the Jews in Cincinnati occupies a prominent place in the development of Jewish secular and religious life in the United States. Cincinnati is not only the oldest Jewish community west of the Allegheny Mountains but has also been an institutional center of American Reform Judaism for more than a century.
Jewish history in Philadelphia Jewish history in Philadelphia, the chief city of Pennsylvania, and the third, in point of population, in the United States, goes back to Colonial America. It is supposed that there were Jews in the neighborhood of Philadelphia at the time of the landing of William Penn, in 1682, since there were numerous Jewish traders in southeastern Pennsylvania long before Penn took possession.
Jewish holiday A Jewish holiday or Jewish Festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as holy or secular commemorations of important events in Jewish history. In Hebrew, Jewish holidays and festivals, depending on their nature, may be called Yom Tov ("good day") or chag ("festival") or ta'anit ("fast").
Jewish humor Jewish humor is the long tradition of humor in Judaism dating back to the Torah and the Midrash, but generally refers to the more recent stream of verbal, self-deprecating and often anecdotal humor originating in Eastern Europe and which took root in the United States over the last hundred years. Beginning with vaudeville, and continuing through radio, stand-up, film, and television, a disproportionately high percentage of American comedians have been Jewish.
Jewish Heritage Centre The Jewish Heritage Centre hosts the The Marion and Ed Vickar Jewish Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The museum opened in 1998 and displays the Jewish history of settlement in Western Canada.
Jewish Historical Society of England The Jewish Historical Society of England was founded in 1893 by several Anglo-Jewish scholars, including Lucien Wolf, who became the society's first president. Early president of the JHSE included Hermann Adler, Joseph Jacobs, F.
Jewish History, Jewish Religion Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight Of Three Thousand Years is a controversial book by Israeli chemistry professor and political activist Israel Shahak. The book is described as a critical examination of Judaism, and is written from a strongly secularist perspective.
Jewish Children's Museum The Jewish Children's Museum is the largest Jewish-themed children's museum in the United States. It aims for children of all faiths and backgrounds to gain a positive perspective and awareness of the Jewish heritage, fostering tolerance and understanding.
Jewish Christians Jewish Christians (sometimes called also "Hebrew Christians" or "Christian Jews", but see below for differences) is a term which can have two meanings, a historical one and a contemporary one. Both meanings are given below.
Jewish languages The Jewish languages are a set of languages that developed in various Jewish communities, in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. The usual course of development for these languages was through the addition of Hebrew words and phrases, used to express uniquely Jewish concepts and concerns, to the local vernacular.
Jewish law and history on smoking This article addresses the history of tobacco smoking among Jews and Jewish legal literature (Halakha) about cigarette smoking, from the early modern period to the present day. The Halakha literature addresses 3 main topics: the regulation of smoking on days of special Jewish significance, the debate over the prohibition of smoking per se for individual Jews, and smoking in indoor shared spaces (i.
Jewish lobby Jewish lobby is a term referring to allegations that Jews exercise undue influence in a number of areas, including politics, government, the media, academia, popular culture, public policy, international relations, and international finance. Aaronovitch, David.
Jewish Lads' and Girls' Brigade The Jewish Lads' and Girls' Brigade (JLGB) is Britain's oldest and only non-zionist Jewish youth movement. It was founded in 1895 as the Jewish Lads' Brigade by Colonel Albert Goldsmid, a senior army officer, to provide an interest for children of the many poor immigrant families who were coming into Britain at that time.
Jewish Legion The Jewish Legion was the name for five battalions of Jewish volunteers established as the British Army's 38th through 42nd (Service) Battalions of the Royal Fusiliers. The initial unit, known as the Zion Mule Corps, was formed in 1914-1915 during World War I, when Britain was at war against the Ottoman Turks, as Zionists around the world saw an opportunity to promote the idea of a Jewish National Homeland.
Jewish mother stereotype The Jewish mother stereotype is a common stereotype used by Jewish comedians, usually when discussing (fictionally or not) their mothers. The stereotype generally involves a nagging, overprotective, and overbearing mother, one who is often getting involved in her children's lives long after they have grown up.
Jewish Maastricht Maastricht (Dutch: Maastricht; Limburgish and city dialect: Mestreech) is a municipality, and capital of the province of Limburg. The city is situated on both sides of the Meuse River (Maas in Dutch) in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands between Belgium and Germany.
Jewish Messiah In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, "anointed [one]") is a term traditionally referring to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be "anointed" (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. In the Hebrew Bible the word is also used to speak of priests and kings, who were traditionally anointed; the king of Persia, Cyrus the Great, is referred to as "God's anointed" (messiah) in the Bible.
Jewish Museum (Camden) The Jewish Museum in the Camden Town district on the northern fringes of central London, England is one of two Jewish museums in London. It was founded in 1932 and was initially based in the Jewish communal headquarters in Bloomsbury.
Jewish Museum (New York) The Jewish Museum of New York was first established in 1904, when the Jewish Theological Seminary received a gift of 26 Jewish ceremonial art objects from Judge Mayer Sulzberger. In 1944, Frieda Schiff Warburg, widow of philanthropist Felix Warburg, donated the family mansion (located at Fifth Avenue and 92nd Street in the middle of Museum Mile in New York City) for use as the museum.
Jewish Mystical Exegesis Jewish Mystical Exegesis most likely dates back to the third century. This method of interpreting the Bible is based on the assumption that the Torah itself contains secret knowledge regarding creation and the essence of G-d.
Jewish National Front The Jewish National Front (Hebrew: חזית יהודית לאומית, Hazit Yehudit Leumit) is a right-wing Israeli political party. In Israel it is known as Hayil (Hebrew: חי"ל), the acronym of its Hebrew name, which also means Valour.
Jewish National Fund The Jewish National Fund (Hebrew: קרן קימת לישראל, Keren Kayemet LeYisrael) (JNF) was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Palestine (later Israel) for Jewish settlement. By 2006, it owned 14% of the land in Israel
Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance The Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA) was founded in 1997 with the aim of "expand[ing] the spiritual, ritual, intellectual, and political opportunities for women with the framework of halakha," or Jewish law. and mission==
Jewish partisans Jewish partisans were groups of irregulars participating in the Jewish resistance movement during World War II against the Nazi Germany and its collaborators. A number of Jewish partisan groups operated across Nazi-occupied Europe, some comprised of a few escapees from the Jewish ghettos or camps, while others numbered in the hundreds and included entire families.
Jewish political movements Jewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside of the Jewish community. From the time of the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans to the foundation of Israel the Jewish people had no territory, and, until the 1800s they by-and-large were also denied equal rights in the countries in which they lived.
Jewish population The Jewish population is the number of Jews in the world, something that is difficult to calculate, given the constant debates over the definition of Jew. All demographic numbers given in this article are estimates from the sources noted.
Jewish principles of faith In all its variations, Judaism has remained tightly bound to a number of principles of faith, the most important of which is the belief that there is a single, omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, transcendent God, who created the universe and continues to be involved in its governance. According to traditional Jewish belief, the God who created the world established a covenant with the Jewish people, and revealed his laws and commandments to them in the form of the Torah.
Jewish quota Jewish quota was a percentage that limited the number of Jews in various establishments. In particular, in 19th and 20th centuries some countries had Jewish quotas for higher education, a special case of Numerus clausus.
Jewish Quarter The Jewish Quarter is one of the four traditional quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. It lies in the southeastern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Zion Gate in the south, along the Armenian Quarter on the west, up to the Cardo in the north and and extends to the Western Wall and the Temple Mount in the east.
Jewish Quarterly Review The Jewish Quarterly Review (JQR) is the oldest English-language journal of Judaic scholarship, established in 1888 by Israel Abrahams and Claude G. Montefiore as an outgrowth of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement.
Jewish refugees In the course of history, Jewish populations have been expelled or ostracised by various local authorities and have sought asylum from Anti-Semitism numerous times. The article History of anti-Semitism contains more detailed chronology of anti-Jewish hostilities, while Jewish history and Timeline of Jewish history outline the broader picture.
Jewish resistance during the Holocaust The Jewish resistance during the Holocaust was the resistance of the Jewish people against Nazi Germany leading up to and through World War II. Due to the careful organization and overwhelming military might of the Nazi German State and its supporters, many Jews were unable to resist the killings.
Jewish Released Time Jewish Released Time, also known as Sheloh (an abbreviation for Shi'urei Limud Hados (Classes for Learning the Religion)), is an organization promoting released time for the Jewish education of Jewish children learning in public schools.
Jewish Relief Agency The Jewish Relief Agency (JRA) is a charitable organization, associated with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, whose aim is to identify and feed needy Jewish clients in the Greater Philadelphia region. Almost 57,000 Jews, representing nearly a quarter of the Jewish population in the five counties of Greater Philadelphia, live in poor or lower-income households.
Jewish services Jewish services (Hebrew: tefillah/תפלה, plural tefilloth/תפלות) are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book.
Jewish skeptics Jewish skeptics are Jewish individuals (historically, Jewish philosophers) who have held skeptical views on matters of the Jewish religion. In general, these skeptical views regard some or all of the "principals of faith," whatever these may be (see Maimonides, Albo), but historically Jewish skepticism is directed either at (1) the existence of the God of Judaism or (2) the authenticity and veracity of the Torah.
Jewish state The term "Jewish state" is sometimes used to describe the State of Israel and refers to its status as a nation-state for the Jewish people. This concept of a national Jewish homeland is enshrined in Israeli national policy and reflected in many of Israel's public institutions.
Jewish Student Union The Jewish Student Union, or JSU is an organization aimed at educating youth in public schools about the Jewish culture, heritage, and religion. The mission of Jewish Student Union is "to get Jewish teens to do something Jewish.
Jewish Supernumerary Police The Jewish Supernumerary Police (sometimes referred to as Jewish Auxiliary Police) were a branch of the Guards (Notrim) set up by the British in Palestine in June 1936. Around 22,000 Notrim were appointed, armed and equipped by the British to act as a protective militia for Jewish settlements.
Jewish Task Force The Jewish Task Force (JTF) is a Kahanist organization in the United States that raises money for right-wing Jewish groups in Israel, puts on television programs through local-access cable and runs a website with the stated goal of saving Israel, America, and The West. JTF is run by the former national chairman of the Jewish Defense League, Chaim Ben Pesach, whose English name is Victor Vancier.
Jewish Telegraphic Agency The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency serving Jewish community newspapers and media around the world. The JTA was founded on February 6 1917 by Jacob Landau as the Jewish Correspondence Bureau with the mandate of collecting and disseminating news among and affecting the Jewish communities of the diaspora as well as Israel.
Jewish Territorialist Organization The Jewish Territorialist Organization, known as ITO, was a Jewish political movement formed in 1903. It was founded by Israel Zangwill after the official rejection of the sixth World Zionist Congress that year of the "British Uganda Program" an of land in East Africa for Jewish people put to Zionist leader Theodore Herzl by the British government.
Jewish Theatre Ensemble The Jewish Theatre Ensemble is an undergraduate student organization at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. It produces several theatre productions each year relating to Jewish themes, and sponsors a year-round Storytellers ensemble.
Jewish Town Hall (Prague) The Jewish Town Hall () in Josefov, Prague, is an 18th century Rococo building that is the center of the local Jewish community. It is perhaps best known for its two clocks, one on a tower with Roman numeral markings, the other, lower, with Hebrew numbers and hands that turn counterclockwise, just as Hebrew reads from right to left.
Jewish United Fund The Jewish United Federation (JUF) is the umbrella Jewish organization in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in April 1900 as the Associated Jewish Charities, the JUF has served as a major center for the Jewish community in the Metropolitan Chicago area.
Jewish views of astrology In Hebrew, astrology was called hokmat ha-nissayon, "the wisdom of prognostication", in distinction to hokmat ha-hizzayon (wisdom of star-seeing, or astronomy). While not a Jewish practice or teaching as such, astrology made its way into the Jewish community, and became especially predominant in some books of Kabbalah.
Jewish views of religious pluralism This article deals with Jewish views of religious pluralism. Religious pluralism is a set of religious worldviews that hold that one's religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus recognizes that some level of truth and value exists in at least some other religions.
Jewish views on contraception The Jewish view on birth control currently varies between the Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform branches of Judaism. Among Orthodox Judaism, use of birth control has been considered only acceptable for use in limited circumstances.
Jewish Virtual Library The Jewish Virtual Library is an online encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE). It includes about 10,000 articles and 5,000 photographs and maps related to Jewish history, Israel, U.
Jewish Voice for Peace Jewish Voice for Peace is an American Jewish advocacy organization that opposes the current Israeli government's policies, such as the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier and military excursions into Gaza and the West Bank, and supports Israeli refuseniks.
Jewish World Review Jewish World Review is an online magazine published five days a week, which purports to appeal to "people of faith and those interested in learning more about contemporary Judaism from Jews who take their religion seriously." It carries dozens of syndicated columns written mostly-although not exclusively-by conservative writers, both Jewish and Gentile
Jewish World Watch The Jewish World Watch is an NGO based out of Southern California, a coalition of synagogues and Jewish groups with the objective of educating, advocating, and donating in order to combat genocide and other human rights violations all over the world. It has previously primarily focused on the Genocide in Darfur but is now expanding its operations.
Jewish Year Book The Jewish Year Book is an almanac targeted at the Jewish community in the United Kingdom. It has been published every year since 1896 and is currently published by Vallentine Mitchell in association with The Jewish Chronicle and is edited by Stephen W.
Jewish-American organized crime Largely originating from the immigration from Eastern Europe during the late-19th and early 20th centuries, Jewish-American organized crime (sometimes referred to as the Kosher Nostra, Kosher Mafia, the Jewish Mob or the Jewish Mafia) emerged during the later years of the "Gangs of New York" era of New York's underworld as Jewish gangs under gang lord Monk Eastman, among whose ranks included Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach, "Big" Jack Zelig, Vach "Cyclone Louie" Lewis competed with Italian gang leader Paul Kelly's Five Points Gang as the domination of Irish street gangs began to decline.
Jewish-American princess Jewish American Princess or JAP (not to be confused with the ethnic slur directed towards people of Japanese nationality) originally refers to Jewish women with privileged backgrounds in the United States. It can be taken and meant as an ethno-religious and/or sexist stereotype or slur.
Jewish-Roman wars The term Jewish-Roman wars is used to refer to the revolts by the Jews of Iudaea Province against the Roman Empire. Some sources will use the term to refer only to the First Jewish-Roman War (66–73) and Bar Kokhba's revolt (132-135).
Jewlia Jewlia (Devanagari: जेवल्या) is the gotra (clan assigned to a Hindu at birth) of Jats (a Indian caste) found in Sikar district, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India. A largely Jewlia village in Sikar district is Pura Chhoti.
Jewlia Eisenberg Jewlia Eisenberg is an American composer. As founder and bandleader of Charming Hostess she coined the term "Nerdy-Sexy-Commie-Girly" to describe her genre of music which spans an electric range of styles.
Jewna Jewna (, literally, young woman); born ca. 1280 in Polatsk — died in 1344) was the Grand Princess of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia (1316 – 1341), daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk, wife of Gediminas and the ancestress of Gediminids.
Jewry Wall The Jewry Wall in Leicester, England is the remaining wall of the public baths of Roman Leicester along with foundations of the baths, which are laid out in front of the wall. It is quite large and impressive and has a museum detailing Leicester's ancient roots attached.
Jews and Judaism in Africa Since Biblical times, the Jewish people have had close ties with Africa, going back to Abraham's sojourns in Egypt, and later the Israelite captivity under the Pharaohs. Some Jewish communities in Africa are among the oldest in the world, dating back more than 2700 years.
Jews and Judaism in Pakistan Jews (Urdu: یہودی pronounced "Yehudi") are a very small group in Pakistan. Various estimates suggest that there were about 2,500 Jews living in Karachi at the beginning of the twentieth century, and a smaller community of a few hundred lived in Peshawar.
Jews and Judaism in Serbia Jews first arrived in what is now the Republic of Serbia in Roman times. The Jewish communities of the Balkans remained small until the late fifteenth century, when Jews fleeing the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions found refuge in Ottoman-ruled areas, including Serbia.
Jews and Judaism in Uzbekistan Jews and Judaism in Uzbekistan have two distinct communities; the more religious and traditional Bukharan Jewish community and the more progressive, European-in-origin Ashkenazi community. There are approximately 12,000 Jews in Uzbekistan, with 9,000 in Tashkent.
Jews as a chosen people In Judaism, chosenness is the belief that the Jews are a chosen people: chosen to be in a covenant with God. This idea is first found in the Torah (five books of Moses) and is elaborated on in later books of the Hebrew Bible.
Jews Against the Occupation Jews Against the Occupation (JATO) describes itself as "an organization of progressive, secular and religious Jews of all ages throughout the New York City area advocating what it calls "peace through justice for Palestine and Israel" and the removal of the Israeli West Bank barrier]," which it refers to as the "[[Allegations of Israeli apartheid|Apartheid wall."
Jews for Judaism Jews for Judaism, established by Rabbi Bentzion Kravitz in 1985, is an international organization with the aim of helping Jews of all ages rediscover and strengthen their Jewish heritage. It is the largest Counter-Missionary organization in existence.
Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership or JPFO is a group dedicated to the preservation of gun rights in the United States and "to encourage Americans to understand and defend all of the Bill of Rights for everyone". They interpret the Second Amendment as recognizing a pre-existing natural right of individuals to keep and bear arms.
Jews in British camps on Cyprus Jews in British camps on Cyprus during the 1940s was a result of the British not allowing Jews to enter the British Mandate of Palestine. In spite of the Holocaust and the plight of thousands of displaced Holocaust survivors, the British still adhered to the points of the White Paper of 1939 that called for limited Jewish immigration to the British Mandate of Palestine.
Jews in the Middle Ages The history of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE) can be divided into two categories. The history of the Jews in Arab lands (mainly Spain and North Africa) covered in Islam and Judaism and the history of Jews in Europe, covered in this article.
Jews in the Republic of Macedonia The history of Jews in the territory currently called Republic of Macedonia began in Roman times, when Jews first arrived in the region in the first century BC. Today, no more than 200 Jews reside in the Republic of Macedonia, almost all in the capital, Skopje.
Jews in the woods Also referred to as Fruity Jews or Fruity Jews in the woods, JITW is an informal Shabbaton meeting that began in New England in 1997 and is held about twice each year. The group was founded by Dan Zimmerman, Dan Smokler, and Sasha Polakow-Suransky, three high school friends that attended Dartmouth College, Yale University, and Brown University respectively.
Jews of Rusape The Jews of Rusape, Zimbabwe are a group of about 4,000 people who practice a form of Judaism that is unique solely to their community. These people believe they are descendants of the lost tribes of Israel, exiled from the Jewish homeland by the Assyrians in 722 BCE.
Jews of San Nicandro The Jews of San Nicandro (also called San Nicandro Jews) are a small community of Jews from Sannicandro di Bari, Italy. The community developed as a result of the conversion of many of the town's cobblers, beginning in the 1940s.
Jews' Free School Jews' Free School (also known as JFS) is a well-known Jewish secondary school in Kingsbury, north London. It presently accepts both male and female students and at one time enrolled over 4000 students, though it is now somewhat smaller.
Jewtalian Someone of half-Jewish half-Italian heritage (as defined by the Urban Dictionary). Jewtalians are a group mainly concentrated in the New York area, where both the Jewish and Italian populations are prevalent and often intermingled in neighborhoods.
Jez Butterworth Jez Butterworth is a playwright and screen writer who had major success with Mojo on stage (Royal Court, 1995) and film (1997) and Birthday Girl (2001), which he co-wrote with Tom Butterworth and directed. The upcoming film Headhunters (2008), directed by John Butterworth and produced by Nicole Kidman, Ronald Bass, and Ric Schwartz, is also based on his screenplay.
Jezebel (1938 film) Jezebel is a 1938 film drama made by Warner Bros that tells the story of a headstrong young Southern woman during the Antebellum period before the American Civil War, and how her actions cost her the love of the man she truly loves. It stars Bette Davis, Henry Fonda, George Brent, Margaret Lindsay, Donald Crisp, Richard Cromwell, and Fay Bainter.
Jezera, Teslić Jezera is a village to the southwest of Teslić, a municipality in central-northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ethnic and religious structure of Jezera was disturbed by the collapse and dissolution of Yugoslavia and the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995.
Jezero Jezero (Cyrillic]: Језеро) is a village and a municipality in [[Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Municipality was created from part of the pre-war municipality of Jajce (the other part of the pre-war municipality is now in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
Jezersko, Slovenia Jezersko (official name: ObÄŤina Jezersko, German: Gemeinde Seeland) is a municipality in Slovenia. It lies in the north of the country, just a few kilometres south of the Seebergsattel border crossing between Slovenia and Austria.
Jezo Spruce The Jezo Spruce (Picea jezoensis) is a large evergreen tree growing to 30-50 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. It is native to northeast Asia, from the mountains of central Japan and the Changbai Mountains on the China-North Korea border, north to eastern Siberia, including the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Kamchatka.
Jezreel Valley The Jezreel Valley ; , Emek Yizrael, also known as the Plain of Esdraelon. (, Sahel Zir'in, or مرج بن عامر, Marj Ibn Amer - meadow of the son of Amr) is a large plain and inland valley in the north of Israel.
Jezreel Valley Regional Council The Jezreel Valley Regional Council is a regional council in northern Israel that encompasses most of the settlements in the Jezreel Valley. It includes 15 kibbutzim, 15 moshavim, 6 Jewish villages, and 2 minority villages.
Jezz Cubed (game) Jezz Cubed is the first three-dimensional adaptation for the ever-popular two-dimensional computer game, Jezz Ball. Spawned by Michael Silverman of Silverware Games, Jezz Cubed has the added dynamic of slicing and dicing a six-sided cube rather than a planar square.
Jezzar Pasha Ahmed al-Jazzar (Arabic أحمد الجزار, lived 1720-1804) was the ruler of Acre and Galilee during Ottoman rule from 1775 till his death. He became famous in the world due to his defense of Acre against Napoleon Bonaparte's siege in 1799, when after several months of attacks Napoleon had to withdraw, and his entire campaign to conquer Egypt and the East finally failed.
JezzBall JezzBall is a computer game in which red-and-white balls, referred to as atoms, bounce about a rectangular field of play, or room. The player advances to the next level (with correspondingly higher numbers of atoms and lives) by containing the atoms in progressively smaller spaces, until at least 75% of the area is blocked off.
JEDEC The Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) is the semiconductor engineering standardization body of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), a trade association that represents all areas of the electronics industry.
JEF Norway JEF Norway (Europeisk Ungdom, literally European Youth) is the Norwegian chapter of Young European Federalists. It has 1,500 members, and consists of the national board (landsstyret), the executive board (sentralstyret), regional chapters (for instance in Oslo, Akershus etc.
JEFF JEFF is a Chicago-based rock band, formerly of Nashville, that was formed in 2002 and has been critically acclimed around the world. JEFF, also known as The Brotherhood, is two brothers, Jake Orrall and Jamin Orrall, just 16 and 14 when they started the band and released their first album "i like you" on the Infinity Cat label
JEHT Foundation The JEHT Foundation is a grant-making nonprofit foundation based in New York City. The Foundation’s name stands for the core values that underlie the Foundation's mission: Justice, Equality, Human dignity and Tolerance.
JEIDA memory card The JEIDA memory card standard was a popular memory card standard at the beginning of memory cards appearing on portable computers. JEIDA cards could be used to expand system memory or as a solid-state storage drive.
JEL classification codes Articles in economics journals are usually classified according to the system used by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL). The JEL is published quarterly by the American Economic Association and contains survey articles and information on recently published books and dissertations.

Information are taken from Wikipedia, the open encyclopedia, to which contribute many volunteers from around the whole world. Texts are available under the following conditions GNU Free Documentation License.