Encyclopedia

List of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds This list is based on the Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds list, May 2002 update, with the doubtfuls omitted. It includes the birds of Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and the surrounding ocean and islands.
List of Australians in international prisons This is a list of current and former Australian citizens whose detention in prisons outside of Australia or execution is noteworthy. The list includes those whose arrests and / or sentences are considered noteworthy for the following reasons,
List of Austrian U-boats The Austro-Hungarian U-boat fleet during the First World War mainly consisted of German manufactured units transported by rail from Germany's northern shipyards to the Austrian ports on the Adriatic Sea. They served throughout the war against Italian, French and British shipping in the Mediterranean Sea with some success, losing eight of the twenty eight boats in service in return.
List of Austronesian countries by linguality Below is a list of countries that are home to Austronesian languages along with the most notable languages in each country. Countries where speakers of Austronesian languages make up of the majority of the population are marked in bold.
List of Avalon Hill games This list of Avalon Hill games includes games published by Avalon Hill as an independent developer and publisher, its subsidiary Victory Games, its computer and video game divisions, and later as a brand of Hasbro.
List of Avatar: The Last Airbender creatures |This page lists and profiles the numerous minor creatures of the Asian-influenced American animated television series, Avatar: The Last Airbender. The creatures listed are those that are unique to the Avatar world or cannot be found in our world.
List of Avatar: The Last Airbender major secondary characters This is a list of major secondary characters in the Nickelodeon animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. All the characters listed are not always highly focused upon (and thus cannot be considered main characters) but have made several appearances throughout the show, and have had a much larger impact on the plot and the main characters than the show's minor secondary characters.
List of Avatar: The Last Airbender minor book 1 characters This page lists and profiles the first season minor secondary characters of the Asian-influenced American animated television series, Avatar: The Last Airbender. The characters listed lack enough appearances to be considered either main characters or major secondary characters; many appear only once or twice.
List of Avatar: The Last Airbender minor book 2 characters This page lists and profiles the season two minor secondary characters of the Asian-influenced American animated television series, Avatar: The Last Airbender. The characters listed lack enough appearances to be considered either main characters or major secondary characters; many appear only once or twice.
List of Avatar: The Last Airbender minor secondary characters This page lists and profiles the numerous minor secondary characters of the Asian-influenced American animated television series, Avatar: The Last Airbender. The characters listed lack enough appearances to be considered either main characters or major secondary characters; many appear only once or twice.
List of Awards presented by the Governor General of Canada This is a list of awards presented by the Governor General of Canada. The Governor General presents honours and awards on behalf of all Canadians to recognize those people who have demonstrated excellence, courage or exceptional dedication to service in ways that bring special credit to the country.
List of AWA World Heavyweight Championship reigns by length This list does not include the championship reigns under the banner of AWA Superstars of Wrestling, which was a reopening of the AWA promotion, and revival of the championship in 1996. It does include, however, championship reigns under the banner of Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX, during which the championship regained World Title status per Pro Wrestling Illustrated magazine, in 2005.
List of Axis war criminals The following is a list of people suspected of commiting war crimes on behalf of Nazi Germany or any of the Axis Powers during World War II. It does not include people from Allied countries who were suspected of treason.
List of Ayumi Hamasaki songs This is a list of all songs performed by Japanese popstar Ayumi Hamasaki. Because Ayu is the most extensively remixed artist in the world, it is extremely difficult to compile a complete list of all of her music.
List of Azerbaijanis This is a list of prominent people from the Republic of Azerbaijan (or, previously, the Azerbaijan SSR) and Iranian Azerbaijan. The list includes both Azerbaijanis, and members of other ethnicities from the region.
List of band names with date references This is a list of notable bands with date references in their names. A significant amount of bands seem to have names based on dates and times for unknown reasons, and many also seem to have some sort of connection towards the American Emo or Hardcore Punk scene, turning names such as these into a cliché among those circles.
List of bands from Limerick Limerick City in Ireland has a vibrant and ever-changing music scene that has produced world-famous acts such as The Cranberries. This is a list of the current and past original acts to emerge from the city and county.
List of bands named after places This is a list of notable bands named after real or fictional places. Bands whose names vary slightly (for example, in spelling, pluralization, or the addition of relatively insignificant terms such as determiners, prepositions, numerals, and synonyms of band) from those of their namesakes are included.
List of bands which permit recordings of their performances This is an alphabetical list of bands which allow and encourage fans to tape their live performances. The exact policy regarding taping varies from band to band, but generally, fans are encouraged to trade the live recordings amongst themselves, provided that no money is exchanged in the process.
List of banks in Hong Kong Hong Kong maintains a three-tier system of deposit-taking institutions, licensed banks, restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies. They are collectively known as authorised institutions by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, which is responsible for regulations.
List of banks in the Philippines The Philippines has a comprehensive banking system encompassing various types of banks, from large universal banks to small rural banks and even non-banks. At present, there are seventeen universal banks, 23 commercial banks, 84 thrift banks, 711 rural banks, 44 credit unions and twelve non-banks with quasi-banking functions, all licensed with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
List of barons of Austria-Hungary This page lists baronial families in the territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, whether extant or extinct. They held no style, but were normally addressed as Gnädiger Herr (Gracious Lord), Gnädige Frau (Gracious Lady), or Gnädiges Fräulein (Gracious Lady).
List of baseball entrance music In baseball, some players choose to have their appearance in a game be punctuated by a musical selection. The most common forms are for a relief pitcher charging out of the bullpen or for a hitter approaching the batter's box for an at bat.
List of basic algebra topics Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, and concerns the study of structure, relation and quantity. It studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers, variables, and polynomials, along with their factorization and determining their roots.
List of basic archaeology topics Archaeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation, and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. The goals of archaeology are to document and explain the origins and development of human culture, understand culture history, chronicle cultural evolution, and study human behavior and ecology, for both prehistoric and historic societies.
List of basic artificial intelligence topics Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that deals with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior.
List of basic automation topics Automation (including roboticization, industrial automation and numerical control), is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operators. In the scope of industrialization, it is a step beyond mechanization.
List of basic automobile topics An automobile (or motor car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to six people, typically have four wheels and be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.
List of basic biochemistry topics Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms, including the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. Basic topics in biochemistry include:
List of basic biology topics Biology is the study of living organisms. It is concerned with the characteristics, classification, and behaviors of organisms, how species come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with the natural environment.
List of basic biotechnology topics Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity has come up with one of many definitions of biotechnology: Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.
List of basic business topics Business is the social science of managing people to organize and maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing particular creative and productive goals, usually to generate revenue. Basic topics in business include:
List of basic Big Science topics Big Science is a term used by scientists and historians of science to describe a series of changes in science which occurred in industrial nations during and after World War II. Basic topics in Big Science include:
List of basic classics topics Classics is the study of the language, literature, history, art, and other aspects of the Ancient Mediterranean World — particularly Ancient Greece and Rome during the time frame known as classical antiquity. The term also refers to texts written in the ancient Mediterranean world.
List of basic community topics A community is a group of people who interact and share certain things as a group. Many factors may affect the identity of the participants and their degree of adhesion, such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks, etc.
List of basic computer science topics Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. One well known subject classification system for computer science is the ACM Computing Classification System devised by the Association for Computing Machinery.
List of basic construction topics (In project architecture and civil engineering), construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure on a site or sites. Although this may be thought of as a single activity, in fact construction is a feat of multitasking.
List of basic criminal justice topics Criminal justice refers to the system used by government to maintain social control, enforce laws, and administer justice. Law enforcement (police), courts, and corrections are the primary agencies charged with these responsibilities.
List of basic critical theory topics In the humanities and social sciences, critical theory has two quite different meanings with different origins and histories, one originating in social theory and the other in literary criticism. The former is theory oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole, in contrast to traditional theory oriented only to understanding or explaining it.
List of basic culture topics Culture is the set of patterns of human activity within a society or social group and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Customs, laws, popular styles, social standards, and traditions are all examples of cultural elements.
List of basic dance topics Dance generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer.
List of basic dentistry topics Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and disorders of the oral cavity, the maxillofacial region, and its associated structures as it relates to human beings. A dentist is a doctor qualified to practice dentistry.
List of basic design topics Design, usually considered in the context of the applied arts, engineering, architecture, and other such creative endeavours, is used as both a noun and a verb. "Design" as a verb refers to the process of originating and developing a plan for a new object (machine, building, product, etc.
List of basic discrete mathematics topics Discrete mathematics, also called finite mathematics, is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete, in the sense of not supporting or requiring the notion of continuity. Most, if not all, of the objects studied in finite mathematics are countable sets, such as integers, finite graphs, and formal languages.
List of basic ecology topics Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors such as solar insolation, climate and geology, as well as the other organisms that share its habitat.
List of basic economics topics Economics, is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of resources. By extension, economics also studies economies, the creation and distribution of wealth, the abundance and scarcity of resources, and human welfare.
List of basic education topics Education is the process by which an individual is encouraged and enabled to develop his or her potential; it may also serve the purpose of equipping the individual with what is necessary to be a productive member of society. Through teaching and learning, the individual acquires and develops knowledge and skills.
List of basic energy development topics Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide abundant and accessible energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. When harnessing energy from primary energy sources and converting them into ever more convenient secondary energy forms, such as electrical energy and cleaner fuels, both quantity (harnessing more energy) and quality (more efficient use) are important.
List of basic engineering topics Engineering is the practice and method of applying scientific and empirical knowledge to the service of humanity, and is distinct from the physical sciences, which are studies of the natural universe. Basic topics in engineering include:
List of basic entertainment topics Entertainment is an event, exhibition, performance, or activity designed to give pleasure to an audience (although, for example, in the case of a computer game the "audience" may be a single individual). The audience may participate in the entertainment passively as in watching opera or actively as in computer games.
List of basic ergonomics topics Ergonomics (also called human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance (definition adopted by the International Ergonomics Association in 2000). Basic topics in ergonomics include:
List of basic family and consumer science topics Family and consumer sciences (also called human sciences, human ecology, and home economics), is an academic discipline which combines aspects of consumer science, nutrition, cooking, parenting and human development, interior decoration, textiles, family economics, housing, apparel design and resource management as well as other related subjects. Family and consumer sciences combines social science, including its emphasis on the well-being of families, individuals, and communities, and natural science with its emphasis on nutrition and textile science.
List of basic film topics Film can refer to motion pictures as individual projects and to the field in general. The name came from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures.
List of basic finance topics Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. Basic topics on finance include:
List of basic forensics topics Forensics (the formal name of which is forensic science) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or to a civil action.
List of basic geography topics Geography is the study of the Earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. Geography research addresses both the questions of where, as well as why, geographical phenomena occur.
List of basic geometry topics Geometry is one of the main branches of mathematics and deals with space and spatial relationships. It covers the measurement, properties, and relationships of points, lines, angles, curves, planes, and shapes, in both two- and three-dimensions.
List of basic health science topics Health sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. There are two parts to Health Sciences: the study, research and development of the knowledge of health, and the application of that knowledge to improve health, cure diseases, and understand how humans and animals function.
List of basic history topics History is systematically collected information about the past. When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of humans, families, and societies as preserved primarily through written sources.
List of basic humanism topics Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationalism. Humanists endorse universal morality based on the commonality of human nature, suggesting that solutions to our social and cultural problems cannot be parochial.
List of basic chemical engineering topics Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (in particular chemistry and physics) and mathematics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. As well as producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques; an important form of research and development.
List of basic chemistry topics Chemistry is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals. Chemistry deals with the composition and statistical properties of such structures, as well as their transformations and interactions to become materials encountered in everyday life.
List of basic industry topics Industry is the overall application of technology and other resources to the generation of economic output by producing goods and services. An industry is any grouping of businesses that share a common method of generating profits, such as the "construction industry".
List of basic information technology topics Information Technology (IT) also known as Information and Communication(s) Technology (ICT) and Infocomm (in Asia) is concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information, especially in large organizations. In particular, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information.
List of basic Internet topics The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.
List of basic library and information science topics Library science or library and information science (abbreviated LIS) is the study of issues related to libraries and the information fields. This includes academic studies regarding how library resources are used and how people interact with library systems.
List of basic life extension topics Life extension, also called biomedical gerontology, is the science dedicated to understanding the processes of aging and to developing ways of slowing them down or reversing them. The goals of life extension include increasing both average and maximum lifespan, especially of humans.
List of basic manufacturing topics Manufacturing is the application of tools and a processing medium to the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale. This effort includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components.
List of basic medieval history topics Medieval history refers to the period of Western European history known as the Middle Ages, which lasted from the 5th century (when the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire) until the 16th century (during the Protestant Reformation and during the early stage of the dispersal of Europeans worldwide via overseas exploration). Basic topics in medieval history include:
List of basic military science and technology topics Military science is the study of the technique, psychology, practice and other phenomena which constitute war and armed conflict. It strives to be a scientific system that if properly employed, will greatly enhance the practitioner's ability to prevail in an armed conflict with any adversary.
List of basic nutrition topics Nutrition or nutrition science studies the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. Dieticians are Health professionals who are specialized in this area of expertise, highly trained to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice and interventions.
List of basic opera topics Opera is a form of theatre in which the drama is conveyed wholly or predominantly through music and singing. Opera uses many of the elements of spoken theatre such as scenery, costumes, and acting, but opera is distinguished from other dramatic forms by the importance of song.
List of basic performing arts topics The performing arts differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face, presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some art object. Basic topics in performing arts include:
List of basic philosophy topics Philosophy is a broad field of knowledge in which the definition of knowledge itself is one of the subjects investigated. It spans the nature of the universe, the mind, and the body; the relationships between all three, and between people.
List of basic photography topics Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of capturing light on a film. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed exposure.
List of basic physics topics Physics is the science concerned with the discovery and understanding of the fundamental laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. Physics deals with the elementary constituents of the Universe and their interactions, as well as the analysis of systems best understood in terms of these fundamental principles.
List of basic psychology topics Psychology is an academic and applied field involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
List of basic public affairs topics Public affairs is a catch-all term that includes public policy as well as public administration, both of which are closely related to and draw upon the fields of political science as well as economics. Public policy discussions are generally and consciously partisan, and we assume that participants in public policy discussion have a specific point of view which they seek to advance in the discussion.
List of basic relationship topics Interpersonal relationships are social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. They vary in differing levels of intimacy and sharing, implying the discovery or establishment of common ground, and may be centered around something(s) shared in common.
List of basic robotics topics Robotics is the science and technology of designing, making, and applying robots, including theory from many contributing fields. A robot is an automated machine which follows instructions or which by design autonomously performs the actions expected of it without an operator.
List of basic sociology topics Sociology is the study of society and human social interaction. Sociological research ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes.
List of basic software engineering topics Software Engineering (SE) is the design, development, and documentation of software by applying technologies and practices from computer science, project management, engineering, application domains, interface design, digital asset management and other fields. Basic topics in software engineering include:
List of basic space exploration topics Space exploration is the physical exploration of outer space by both manned and unmanned spacecraft. The development of large liquid-fueled rocket engines during the early 20th century allowed space exploration to become a practical possibility; it is distinct from the earth-based observation of outer space, known as astronomy, which has occurred for millenia.
List of basic statistics topics Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. It is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, from the physical and social sciences to the humanities; it is also used and misused for making informed decisions in all areas of business and government.
List of basic technology topics Technology refers to all tools and procedures. It is the state of knowledge and development at any given time on controlling our surroundings, and includes all tools (utensils, devices, machinery, inventions, and structures), all methods (skills, processes, and techniques), and all applied materials (both raw and manufactured).
List of basic telecommunication topics Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process almost always involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters but in earlier years it may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums or semaphore.
List of basic theatre topics Theatre or theater is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, mime, puppets, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. Bernard Beckerman defines theatre as what "occurs when one or more human beings, isolated in time and/or space, present themselves to another or others.
List of basic thinking-related topics Thought or thinking is mental activity which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with the world effectively according to their own goals, plans, ends and desires. Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions.
List of basic topics in logic Logic, a branch of both philosophy and mathematics, is the study of criteria for the evaluation of arguments. The task of the logician is to advance an account of valid and fallacious inference, to allow one to distinguish logical from flawed arguments.
List of basic topics of religion Religion is the adherence to codified beliefs and rituals that (generally) involve a faith in a spiritual nature and a study of inherited ancestral traditions, knowledge and wisdom related to understanding human life.
List of basic transhumanism topics "Transhumanism is a class of philosophies that seek to guide us towards a posthuman condition. Transhumanism shares many elements of humanism, including a respect for reason and science, a commitment to progress, and a valuing of human (or transhuman) existence in this life.
List of basic vehicle topics A Vehicle is a non-living means of transportation. Vehicles are most often man-made, although some other means of transportation which are not made by man can also be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks.
List of basic visual arts topics The visual arts are a class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, photography, printmaking and others, that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature. Visual Arts that produce three-dimensional objects, such as sculpture and architecture, are dealt with in plastic arts.
List of basketball players from small colleges This article is for men's and women's basketball players who played at small American colleges, or large colleges with less well-known basketball programs, which do not have their own categories under :Category:College basketball teams. As enough players from a college show up here, a category for that college may get created; if so, remove the player from this list and give his or her article a link to the new category.
List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game Scoring 100 points in a basketball game is one of the rarest accomplishments in all of sports; indeed, the feat has been done only a handful of times at all levels of competition. While a highly individual achievement, scoring 100 points nevertheless requires cooperation both from the teammates to pass the ball to the player on virtually every possession and from the coach to allow him to stay on the floor.
List of bass guitarists This list of bass guitarists includes notable bassists for whom there is a Wikipedia article, or who are mentioned in their band's article. Musicians known mainly as guitarists are listed separately in the list of guitarists.
List of battery types In science and technology, a battery is a device that stores chemical energy and makes it available in an electrical form. Batteries consist of electrochemical devices such as one or more galvanic cells, fuel cells or flow cells.
List of battles over Quemoy The mainland Chinese city of Xiamen is within shelling distance of the small island of Quemoy (or Kinmen). As one of the front line islands between the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China, ROC-occupied Quemoy has seen many battles and tensions between the two throughout the Cold War.
List of battleship classes The list of battleship classes includes all Ironclad battleship classes listed in chronological order by first commission. Classes which did not enter service are listed by the date of cancellation or last work on the project.
List of battleships The list of battleships includes all battleships, listed alphabetically by ship name. The list also contains battlecruisers which share most of the characteristics of a battleship or have otherwise been referred to as battleships.

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